CN113024619B - A Pimenta officinalis leaf residue extract after distillation, and its extraction method and anti-tumor application - Google Patents

Abstract

A targeted antitumor compound extracted from leaves residue of distilled Cinnamomum zeylanicum leaves, and its extraction method and application in preparing antitumor drugs are provided.

Description

Cinnamomum cassia distilled leaf residue extract, and extraction method and anti-tumor application thereof

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines. The invention relates to a targeted antitumor compound extracted from leaf residues of distilled cinnamomum japonicum leaves, and also relates to an extraction method of the compound, an antitumor application of the compound and an action target signal path.

[ background of the invention ]

Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamomum pauciflorum), also known as Cinnamomum cassia, Sanlianjin, Pelargonium graveolens and Cinnamomum minus, is a plant of Lauraceae, and can extract aromatic oil from leaves, branches, trunk and bark, and the leaf has the highest oil content and is a plant with the highest safrole. After cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves are subjected to steam distillation to obtain sassafras oil, about 10 million tons of distilled leaf residues exist each year, the leaf residues are wasted in resources and pollute the environment, the cost of waste treatment of enterprises is increased, and the comprehensive utilization and development of the cinnamomum longepaniculatum industry are limited.

Tumors are important diseases threatening the global human health. In 2020, 1929 ten thousand new cases and 996 ten thousand dead cases all over the world exist, while 457 thousand new cases (accounting for 23.7 percent of the world) and 300 thousand dead cases (accounting for 30 percent of the world) exist in China. The natural product is an important source for finding the antitumor drug and the lead compound. The use of the cinnamomum japonicum as a medicine has already been recorded for more than one thousand years, and the efficacy and the main treatment of the cinnamomum japonicum are recorded in Chinese herbal medicine: regulating qi to alleviate pain, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals. It is used to treat various pain syndromes, traumatic injury … … ". The volatile oil of cinnamomum japonicum leaves and the safrole which is the main component thereof have stronger inhibition effect on the growth of liver cancer cells, also have the effects of treating burn, resisting bacteria and the like, and simultaneously the deoiled leaf residue alcohol extract also has the antibacterial effect.

[ summary of the invention ]

The invention aims to improve the industrial added value of the cinnamomum japonicum and the utilization rate of the leaf residues.

The invention solves another technical problem of providing a targeted antitumor compound.

The invention establishes a rapid pollution-free extraction method of the leaf residue of the distilled cinnamomum japonicum leaves, and obtains a compound (compound YC) with a targeted anti-tumor effect, which is shown in a formula 1.

The compound of the formula 1 acts on a cAMP/RAPGEF3/PDE3B/Rap-1 complex to inhibit a cAMP-mediated Rap-1 signal channel, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and the metastasis of tumor cells.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a compound of formula 1, comprising the steps of:

A. crushing the oil-removed leaves of the cinnamomum japonicum into powder of 50-120 meshes by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, soaking and extracting the powder on an absolute ethyl alcohol shaking table overnight, centrifuging the extracted cinnamomum japonicum leaves at 3000rpm for 15min, and collecting the supernatant to obtain the cinnamomum japonicum ethyl alcohol extract.

B. Concentration: the brown powder obtained after the crude extract of the cinnamomum japonicum is processed by a centrifugal concentrator is prepared into an extract with the concentration of 100mg/mL by absolute ethyl alcohol.

C. Separating effective parts: separating effective components by using macroporous adsorption resin or C18 column;

D. and (3) monomer purification: and C18 filler, mobile phase acetonitrile: and (3) water is 55:45, the wavelength is 275nm, the product preparation section is used for preparing refined products again to obtain a qualified section, and the refined products are used for preparing mobile phase acetonitrile: water 55: 45; the collected fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ℃ to acetonitrile free, lyophilized to give a solid, and vacuum dried at room temperature to give the compound of formula 1.

In the step A, the ratio of the cinnamomum japonicum deoiled leaf residue powder in grams to the absolute ethyl alcohol in milliliters is 1:8-15, or 1: 9-12, or 1: 9.6-10.4.

In the step A, the soaking time is not more than 12 hours, and the soaking temperature is 25-35 ℃.

Separating with C18 column in step C, specifically comprising binding the extract obtained in step B on C18 column for 3min, washing three times with ddH ₂ Washing the C18 separating column with O, 50% ethanol and 100% ethanol, and collecting the distilled 50% ethanol component.

And C, separating by using macroporous adsorption resin, specifically comprising the step of adsorbing the extract obtained in the step B by using a macroporous adsorption resin column at the flow rate of 1.5-2.5 BV/h.

The invention also provides application of the compound shown in the formula 1 in preparing an anti-tumor medicament.

In the application of preparing antitumor drugs, the compound shown in the formula 1 acts on cAMP/EPAC-1/PDE3B/Rap-1 complex.

In the application of preparing the antitumor drugs, the compound shown in the formula I inhibits EPAC-1, RAP-1 or simultaneously inhibits EPAC-1 and RAP-1, inhibits the phosphorylation of the downstream signal path PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF-1/ERK genes of an EPAC-1/RAP-1 complex and promotes the expression of apoptosis related genes.

In the application of preparing the antitumor drugs, the tumors are selected from intestinal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, melanoma and pancreatic cancer.

The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: a targeted antitumor compound is extracted from the oil-removed leaf residue of cinnamomum japonicum, and the medicine effect and target spot analysis are carried out, and the compound acts on a cAMP/EPAC-1/PDE3B/Rap-1 complex, so that the proliferation and the metastasis of tumor cells are inhibited. The compound has strong inhibiting effect on intestinal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells.

The invention also establishes a rapid pollution-free method for extracting the antitumor compound, and improves the industrial added value of the cinnamomum japonicum and the utilization rate of the leaf residues.

[ description of the drawings ]

FIG. 1: the deoiled leaf residue alcohol extract has inhibitory effect on different cancer cells.

FIG. 2: the inhibition effect of different separation parts on pancreatic cancer cells BXCP-3.

FIG. 3: and (3) separating 50% of alcohol extraction component monomers.

FIG. 4: the compound YC has the inhibition effect on BXCP-3.

FIG. 5: effect of compound YC on clonogenic of BXCP-3 cells.

FIG. 6: EDU proliferation assay of compound YC on BXCP-3 cells.

FIG. 7: the compound YC has the inhibition effect on AA/NE/IGF-1/PAF/VEGF and other tumor growth promoting factors.

FIG. 8: effect of compound YC on BXCP-3 transferability.

FIG. 9: the effect of compound YC on the apoptosis and cycle of BXCP-3 cells.

FIG. 10: effect of compound YC on BXCP-3 cell protein expression.

FIG. 11: effect of compound YC on BXCP-3 cell AKT protein phosphorylation and cell localization.

FIG. 12: the potential target of compound YC is the EPAC-1/PDE3B complex.

FIG. 13: the compound YC has antitumor effect in vivo.

[ detailed description ] embodiments

The invention will be better understood from the following examples.

Example 1: discovery of antitumor activity of deoiled leaf residue

Crushing the oil-removed leaves of the cinnamomum japonicum into powder of 50-120 meshes by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, soaking and extracting the powder on an absolute ethyl alcohol shaking table overnight, centrifuging the extracted cinnamomum japonicum leaves at 3000rpm for 15min, and collecting the supernatant to obtain the cinnamomum japonicum ethyl alcohol extract. Human hepatoma cells HepG2, HUH7, human lung cancer cells A549, melanoma cells B16 and human pancreatic cancer cells BXPC-3 are used as test cell strains to screen the antitumor activity of the test cell strains.

As shown in fig. 1: the cinnamomum japonicum crude extract has an inhibiting effect on lung cancer cells, liver cancer cells, melanoma cells and pancreatic cancer cells, wherein the inhibiting effect on proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells BXPC-3 is the best.

Example 2: isolation of the antitumor active Compounds

In order to verify the effective components of the crude extract of the cinnamomum japonicum. The different fractions of the crude extract of cinnamomum japonicum were separated by the following method and the effect of all the separated fractions on the cell proliferation activity of human pancreatic cancer cells BXPC-3 was determined.

(1) Concentration: the brown powder obtained after the crude extract of the cinnamomum japonicum is processed by a centrifugal concentrator is prepared into an extract with the concentration of 100mg/mL by absolute ethyl alcohol.

(2) Separation: combining the extract on C18 column for 3min using C18 column, washing three times, collecting distillate (First), and adding ddH ₂ The C18 separation column was washed with O, 50% ethanol (50%), and 100% ethanol (100%), and the distillate fractions were collected. The collected distillate fractions were dried as described above and re-dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to their original volume. For the cinnamool extract, it was found that the effect of the distilled 50% fraction was close to that of the stock solution (Stoste). The effective components of the alcohol extract are presumed to be concentrated in 50 percent of the components. The inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells BXCP-3 by different isolated sites is shown in FIG. 2.

The separation step can also be carried out by adopting macroporous adsorption resin, and specifically comprises that the extract obtained by concentration is adsorbed by a macroporous adsorption resin column at the flow rate of 1.5-2.5 BV/h.

(3) And (3) monomer purification: about 1g of the starting material was dissolved with 50% acetonitrile to give about 300ml of a green-brown liquid, prepared with preparative high performance liquid phase, C18 filler, mobile phase acetonitrile: and (3) water is 55:45, the wavelength is 275nm, the product preparation section is used for preparing refined products again to obtain a qualified section, and the refined products are used for preparing mobile phase acetonitrile: water 55: 45. The collected fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ℃ until acetonitrile-free, freeze-dried to give a solid, and vacuum-dried at room temperature. The monomer shown in FIG. 3 was obtained. Detecting the liquid phase condition on line: acetonitrile: water 45:55, flow rate 1ml/min, column temperature: the column, Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(4.6 x 250mm,5 μm) at 275nm was used at room temperature.

Example 3: structural identification of compounds

The compound is a light yellow powder, and is identified as (-) -HR-ESI-MS M/z 723.1712[ M-H ] -, (+) -HR-ESI-MS M/z 747.1695[ M + Na ] +, which indicates that the molecular composition is C39H32O14(calcd for C39H31O14,723.1714; calcd for C39H32O14Na,747.1690) through mass spectrum. In the 1H NMR spectrum, 2 sets of coumaroyl signals of formula E configuration are shown [ δ H7.63 (1H, d, J ═ 16.2Hz), 7.50(1H, d, J ═ 15.6Hz), 6.30(1H, d, J ═ 16.2Hz), 6.20(1H, d, J ═ 15.6Hz) ]; a set of tetrasubstituted benzene signals [ δ H6.42 (1H, d, J ═ 1.8Hz), 6.23(1H, d, J ═ 1.8Hz) ]; a group of para-substituted benzene signals δ H [7.85(2H, d, J ═ 9.0Hz), 6.78(2H, d, J ═ 9.0Hz) ], suggesting that in addition to containing two p-coumaroyl groups in the molecular structure, the B ring of the flavone parent nucleus is also para-substituted. δ H5.80 (1H, d, J ═ 1.8Hz), which is the terminal hydrogen signal of the saccharide, gives a methyl hydrogen signal in the high field portion, δ H0.85 (3H, d, J ═ 6.6Hz), suggesting that the structure may contain an α -rhamnose.

The 13C NMR spectrum of the compound shows 39 carbon signals, the hydrocarbon signals are completely assigned in combination with HSQC, and the 1H NMR and 13C NMR data of the compound are basically consistent with the literature reports, so the structure of the compound is preliminarily presumed to be Kaempferol-3-O- (3 ', 4' -di-E-p-coumaroyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside.

The structure of the compound was further confirmed by HMBC. H-6 is related to C-5, C-8 and C-10, and H-2'/6' is related to C-2, so that the structure of the flavone part is confirmed. H-1 ' is related to C-3 ' and C-5 ', and the structure of the rhamnose part is confirmed. H-7 'is related to C-2', C-6 ', C-8', C-9 ', H-7' is related to C-2 ', C-6', C-8 ', C-9', H-8 'is related to C-1', H-8 'is related to C-1', and the structures of two p-coumaroyl parts are confirmed. HMBC shows key relevant signals: h-3 is related to C-9 ', H-4 is related to C-9', and two p-coumaroyl groups are respectively connected at the C-3 position and the C-4 position. In addition, no signal related to H-1' and C-3 appears, probably because the dihedral angle is 90 degrees, the flavone part of the compound is a kaempferol mother nucleus, when the C-3 position is not connected with sugar, the chemical shifts of the C-2 and C-3 positions of the kaempferol are delta C148.1 and 137.8, but the chemical shifts of the C-2 and C-3 positions of the compound are delta C159.3 and 134.8, which accords with the characteristic of forming glycoside at the C-3 position, and therefore, the rhamnose is connected at the C-3 position. Finally, the structure of the compound is Kaempferol-3-O- (3 ', 4' -di-E-p-coumaroyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (formula 1).

Example 4: antitumor Activity of Compounds

The inhibition effect of separated Kaempferol-3-O- (3 ', 4' -di-E-p-coumaroyl) -alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (compound YC) on five different pancreatic cancer cells such as BXPC-3, SW1990, PANC-1, CFPAC-1, ASPC-1 and the like is researched, and the inhibition effect of YC on cells such as intestinal cancer HCT116, SW480, non-small cell lung cancer H1975, HCC827, A549, liver cancer HEPG2, HEP1-6, HUH7 and the like is screened. The results show that: YC has the most obvious effect of inhibiting the human pancreatic cancer cell strain BXPC3, and a human pancreatic cancer cell strain BXPC-3 is selected as a tested cell strain in subsequent related experiments, and the influence of Clone and EDU on the proliferation of the BXPC-3 cell strain is researched.

(1) CCK8 cell proliferation assay: pancreatin digestion of cells, counting by a blood cell counting plate, seeding BXPC-3 cells in a 96-well plate in a system of 5000 cells/well/100 uL, and placing in an incubator for overnight culture for 24H; after 24H, changing the culture medium (containing 10% FBS), adding YC with different concentrations into the BXPC-3 cells respectively, and treating for 12, 24, 48 and 72H respectively; adding 10uLCCK8 into each well, detecting the absorbance within 4h by using a microplate reader, counting IC50 processed by YC at different time points, and displaying that the inhibition effect of YC on the pancreatic cancer BXPC-3 cell line has time and dose dependence as shown in figure 4; the IC50 was 14.44 ug/mL for 72 h.

IC50 values were calculated for each cell as shown in table 1:

(2) colony formation assay

Pancreatin digestion of cells, counting by a blood cell counting plate, seeding BXPC-3 normal cells in a system of 1000 cells/hole/2000 uL, and putting the cells into an incubator for 24 hours at night; after 24h, the culture medium (containing 10% FBS) is replaced, YC with different concentrations is respectively added into BXPC3 cells, after 15 days of treatment, the culture medium is removed, methanol is fixed for 20min, 0.1% crystal violet solution is used for staining for 20min, and PBS is used for washing out the crystal violet solution to take pictures. The effect of compound YC on the clonogenic behavior of BXCP-3 cells was dose-dependent, with 10ug/mL compound YC forming less cell clonogenic clumps, as shown in figure 5.

(3) EDU cell proliferation assay

Pancreatin digestion cells, counting by a blood cell counting plate, inoculating BXCP-3 cells in a system of 10000 cells/hole/100 uL, and putting the cells into an incubator for overnight culture for 24 hours; after 24H, the medium (containing 10% FBS) was changed, YC was added to BXCP-3 cells at a concentration gradient of 10, 5, 0ug/mL, 50uL of medium was aspirated after 24H treatment, 50uL of EDU-containing medium was added thereto, the incubator was incubated for 2H, and subsequent experiments were performed according to the reagent instructions. EDU proliferation assay of compound YC on BXCP-3 cells, newly proliferated BXCP-3 cells were significantly less than 10ug/mL treated and untreated groups after 10ug/mL treatment with compound YC, as shown in fig. 6.

(4) YC inhibiting tumor cell growth factor

Through experimental verification, Arachidonic Acid (AA)/Neurotensin (NE)/recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/platelet factor (PAF)/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) are found to promote the proliferation of BXPC-3 cells, and through the combined administration of the polypeptide and YC, the YC is found to inhibit the proliferation caused by the growth factors. The compound YC has the inhibitory effect on tumor growth promoting factors such as AA/NE/IGF-1/PAF/VEGF, and the like, as shown in figure 7.

(5) Cell invasion and wound healing experiments

Cells were trypsinized, resuspended in serum-free medium, counted on a hemacytometer plate, seeded into the chamber in a5 × 104/well/200 uL system, 650uL of medium containing 10% FBS was added to the lower layer, and YC was added to the chamber at 0, 5ug/mL, 10ug/mL, 20 ug/mL. Putting into an incubator for 48 h. After 48h, the chamber was removed, fixed in methanol for 20min, washed in PBS, stained with 0.1% crystal violet for 20min, washed in PBS and then swabbed off the cells in the chamber with a cotton swab, and photographed under an inverted microscope, as shown in FIG. 8.

Wound healing experiments: cells were trypsinized, counted on a hemacytometer, plated in a six-well plate with a mold in a 4X 105/well/2000 uL system, and cultured in an incubator for 24 hours. Removing the mold after culturing for 24h, replacing culture medium (10% FBS), and adding YC with final concentration of 0, 2.5ug/mL, 5ug/mL, 10 ug/mL; the time of drug addition was taken as 0h, and after 24h of incubation, it was seen that the invasion ability and wound healing ability were weakened as the concentration of YC was increased, as shown in FIG. 8.

(6) Flow detection of apoptosis and cycle

Planting cells into a six-well plate in a system of 30 ten thousand per well/2 mL in the first day, culturing for 24H overnight, replacing a culture medium after 24H, and adding YC with final concentration of 40ug/mL, 20ug/mL, 10ug/mL, 5ug/mL, 2.5ug/mL and 0 ug/mL; and (3) treating the 24H pancreatin for digestion, centrifuging at 1000rpm/min for 5min, collecting dead and live cells by apoptosis, and periodically collecting the live cells. Staining according to apoptosis and cycle kit; the results are as follows: YC apparently caused apoptosis with little effect on cycle as shown in fig. 9.

(7) Effect of Signaling pathway protein expression

Planting 40 million cells per well into a six-well plate in the first day, and adding YC of 20, 15, 10 and 0ug/mL after 24 hours; and after 24 hours of treatment, protein is collected and quantified. Protein loading concentration: 30ug/10uL, separation gel concentration: 8%/12%, electrophoresis conditions: 90V, 130V, and the rotating die condition: constant pressure 100V, 90 min. The influence of the compound YC on the expression of BXCP-3 cell protein, the compound YC can obviously inhibit the phosphorylation of the downstream signal path PI3K-AKT-mTOR and ERK signal path of EPAC-1/PDE3B/RAP1 complex, and promote the expression of related genes of an apoptosis signal path caspase family and the like, as shown in figure 10.

(8) Indirect immunofluorescence

Trypsinizing the cells, counting by a hemocytometer, seeding BXPC3 cells in a system of 2X104 cells/200 uL in 48-well plates, placing in an incubator for 24H overnight; after 24H, changing the culture medium (containing 10% FBS), adding YC with different concentrations of 0, 10 and 15ug/mL into BXPC3 cells respectively, and treating the 24H; the medium was aspirated off, fixed in methanol for 15min, permeabilized for 15min, blocked with 3% BSA for 30min, incubated at room temperature for 1h for the first antibody, incubated at fluorescence for 1h for the second antibody, stained with DAPI for 20min, mounted, and photographed under confocal microscope. The effect of compound YC on BXCP-3 cell AKT protein phosphorylation and cell localization decreased the level of AKT phosphorylation and phosphorylated AKT nuclear entry, as shown in fig. 11.

Example 5: target of action of the compounds

In order to determine the potential target of YC, experiments such as WB, co-immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and the like find that the cAMP/EPAC-1/PDE3B/Rap-1 complex is the potential target of YC acting on BXPC-3. When YC was acted on BXPC-3, both EPAC-1 and RAP-1 were decreased, as shown in FIG. 10. We found that by immunoprecipitating RAP-1 and EPAC-1, activated RAP-1, and PI3K γ 110 bound to EPAC-1 decreased, while PDE3B increased. After the EPAC-1 and the PDE3B are knocked down, apoptosis is detected through flow cytometry, and the apoptosis is increased after the EPAC-1 is knocked down and the apoptosis is reduced after the PDE3B is knocked down, which is consistent with the result of immunoprecipitation. And CCK8 results were consistent with apoptotic results, as shown in fig. 12.

Example 6: results of in vivo animal experiments

At 1.5x10 ⁶ 100 uL/the preparation is inoculated to nude mice subcutaneously when subcutaneous tumor is about 100mm ³ Drugs were given 5d at times, 5 per group, into 3 groups: a model group, a drug high concentration group, a drug low concentration group; weighing every day after administration, measuring tumor size, taking tumor tissue after administration for 5 days, and detecting P-AKT and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry; extracting tissue protein and quantitatively detecting related protein: as a result, the high concentration group significantly inhibited tumor growth, and immunohistochemistry showed that the administered group had decreased cell proliferation and decreased AKT phosphorylation compared to the model group, as shown in fig. 13.

Claims (1)

1. A method for extracting a compound shown as a formula I, which is characterized in that the compound is quickly separated from waste cinnamomum japonicum deoiled leaf residues, and the extraction method comprises the following steps:

formula I

A. Crushing the oil-removed leaves of the cinnamomum japonicum into powder of 50-120 meshes by using a high-speed multifunctional crusher, soaking and extracting the powder overnight on an absolute ethyl alcohol shaking table, centrifuging the extracted cinnamomum japonicum leaves at 3000rpm for 15min, and collecting supernatant to obtain an cinnamomum japonicum ethyl alcohol extract;

B. and (3) concentrating: preparing brown powder obtained by passing the crude extract of cinnamomum japonicum through a centrifugal concentrator into an extract with the concentration of 100mg/mL by using absolute ethyl alcohol;

C. separation of effective parts: separating effective components by using macroporous adsorption resin or C18 column;

D. and (3) monomer purification: and C18 filler, mobile phase acetonitrile: and (3) water is 55:45, the wavelength is 275nm, the product preparation section is used for preparing refined products again to obtain a qualified section, and the refined products are used for preparing mobile phase acetonitrile: water 55: 45; concentrating the collected part at 40 deg.C under reduced pressure until no acetonitrile is present, freeze-drying to obtain a solid, and vacuum-drying at room temperature to obtain the compound of formula 1; wherein the ratio of the cinnamomum micranthum deoiled leaf residue powder in grams to the absolute ethyl alcohol in milliliters in the step A is 1: 8-15; wherein the soaking time in the step A is not more than 12 hours, and the soaking temperature is 25-35 ℃; when the C18 column is used for separation in step C, the method comprises combining the extract obtained in step B on C18 column for 3min, washing three times, washing C18 column with ddH2O, 50% ethanol and 100% ethanol respectively, and collecting distillate 50% ethanol fraction; or when the step C is separated by using macroporous adsorption resin, the extraction liquid obtained in the step B is adsorbed by a macroporous adsorption resin column at the flow rate of 1.5-2.5 BV/h.

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