CN113024600A - Process for preparing chloromethyl phosphonic acid - Google Patents

Process for preparing chloromethyl phosphonic acid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113024600A
CN113024600A CN202110272990.4A CN202110272990A CN113024600A CN 113024600 A CN113024600 A CN 113024600A CN 202110272990 A CN202110272990 A CN 202110272990A CN 113024600 A CN113024600 A CN 113024600A
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acid
reaction
preparing
hydrochloric acid
chloromethylphosphonic
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龙韬
陈丕证
邹增龙
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SUZHOU BAILING WEICHAO FINE MATERIALS CO Ltd
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SUZHOU BAILING WEICHAO FINE MATERIALS CO Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/3804Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)] not used, see subgroups
    • C07F9/3808Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl

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Abstract

The invention discloses a process method for preparing chloromethyl phosphonic acid, which comprises the following steps: s1: adding a solvent and hydrochloric acid into a reaction vessel in sequence, and stirring uniformly; s2: adding hydroxymethyl phosphonate diester, and stirring to obtain a reaction solution; s3: and cooling the reaction solution, decompressing, evaporating the reaction solution to dryness, adding hydrochloric acid into the obtained residue, standing and freeze-drying to obtain chloromethyl phosphonic acid. The raw materials are safe and easy to obtain, the process safety is high, the waste is less, and the product purity is high.

Description

Process for preparing chloromethyl phosphonic acid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of intermediate preparation, in particular to a process method for preparing chloromethyl phosphonic acid.
Background
Chloromethylphosphonic acid (CAS: 2565-58-4), an important chelating agent, is commonly used in the production of water-based lubricants and cellulosic ion exchangers; meanwhile, the compound is also an important pesticide intermediate, and can be reacted with glycine under alkaline conditions to prepare the herbicide, namely the glyphosate.
Chloromethyl phosphonic acid has only 1 of the currently reported synthetic routes with practical value, namely, poplar and bin are equivalent to the following reported in 2005 at university of southwest university (nature science edition):
Figure BDA0002975402440000011
the route adopts a 2-step synthesis method, phosphorus trichloride and paraformaldehyde are taken as initial raw materials, and chloromethyl phosphonic acid is prepared by aluminum trichloride catalysis and hydrolysis.
When the method is used for hectogram amplification, 4 serious problems exist: firstly, the main material phosphorus trichloride is a dangerous material, is very difficult to purchase and transport, has very large potential safety risk to operators, and belongs to raw materials which need to be avoided as much as possible in chemical reaction; secondly, the reaction conditions in the first step are harsh, the reaction is carried out by heating to 180 ℃ and the operation is difficult, the operation has high safety risk, the operation is not friendly to operators, and the principle of green production is not met; thirdly, the waste materials in the reaction process are numerous, paraformaldehyde can be carbonized and polymerized into a large amount of black residues at high temperature, a large amount of colloidal aluminum hydroxide precipitates can be generated in the post-treatment process of aluminum trichloride, and the principle of green production is not met; fourthly, the product contains various impurities such as aluminum salt, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid and the like, the purity of the product is low and can not reach 95 percent, and the requirement of the industry on the product with the purity of more than 98 percent can not be met.
These 4 problems severely limit the further application of the process and also make the hectogram and kilogram scale up of the product very difficult.
In order to solve the problems of high initial raw material risk, poor process safety, more waste materials, low product purity, unfriendliness to operators and the like of the conventional process route of chloromethylphosphonic acid, the method for synthesizing chloromethylphosphonic acid has the advantages of reasonable route design, safe and easily obtained raw materials, high process safety, less waste materials, high product purity and great significance for the friendliness of operators.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a process method for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid, which has the advantages of safe and easily obtained raw materials, high process safety, less waste and high product purity.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present application disclose a process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid, which comprises the following steps:
s1: adding a solvent and hydrochloric acid into a reaction vessel in sequence, and stirring uniformly;
s2: adding hydroxymethyl phosphonate diester, stirring uniformly, heating to 80-120 ℃ for reaction, and keeping the temperature for reaction until the raw materials completely disappear to obtain a reaction solution;
s3: and cooling the reaction solution to 20-50 ℃, decompressing, evaporating the reaction solution to dryness, adding hydrochloric acid into the obtained residue, standing for 6-24 h, and freeze-drying to obtain chloromethyl phosphonic acid.
Preferably, the diester of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid is one or more of dimethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate, diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate and diisopropyl hydroxymethylphosphonate.
Preferably, the reaction of the diester of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid with hydrochloric acid is carried out in a solvent which is one or more of water, toluene, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, acetonitrile.
Preferably, the S1 is performed under stirring at room temperature.
Preferably, the amount of the hydrochloric acid in the S1 is 1-3 times of the molar equivalent.
Preferably, the amount of the hydrochloric acid in the S3 is 0.05-0.4 times of the molar equivalent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the key raw materials in the synthetic route of the invention are cheap and easy to obtain; the reaction condition is mild, the operation is convenient and fast, and the process safety is high; the reaction yield is high, the product purity is high, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the requirement of large-scale industrial production of the product can be fully met.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum diagram of a process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a nuclear magnetic carbon spectrum of a process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an HPLC inspection chart of a process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid in an example of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid, which comprises the following steps:
s1: adding a solvent and hydrochloric acid into a reaction vessel in sequence, and stirring uniformly;
s2: adding hydroxymethyl phosphonate diester, stirring uniformly, heating to 80-120 ℃ for reaction, and keeping the temperature for reaction until the raw materials completely disappear to obtain a reaction solution;
s3: and cooling the reaction solution to 20-50 ℃, decompressing, evaporating the reaction solution to dryness, adding hydrochloric acid into the obtained residue, standing for 6-24 h, and freeze-drying to obtain chloromethyl phosphonic acid.
Further, the diester of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid is one or more of dimethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate, diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate and diisopropyl hydroxymethylphosphonate.
Further, the reaction of the hydroxymethyl phosphonic acid diester and hydrochloric acid is carried out in a solvent, wherein the solvent is one or more of water, toluene, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol and acetonitrile.
Further, the S1 was performed under stirring at room temperature.
Further, the amount of the hydrochloric acid in the S1 is 1-3 times of the molar equivalent.
Further, the amount of the hydrochloric acid used in the S3 is 0.05-0.4 times of the molar equivalent.
Further, the temperature rise range in the S2 is 95-115 ℃.
Further, the reaction solution in the S3 is cooled to 25-45 ℃.
Example 1
Figure BDA0002975402440000031
Stirring at room temperature, sequentially adding 5L of water and 10kg of hydrochloric acid into a 50L reaction kettle, and uniformly stirring; then 10kg of diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate is added into the mixture and stirred evenly; after the addition is finished, heating the reaction solution to 100 ℃ for reaction, and keeping the temperature for reaction until the raw materials completely disappear; the reaction solution was cooled to 40 ℃, the reaction solution was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, 2kg of hydrochloric acid was added to the obtained residue, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 12 hours and lyophilized to obtain 7.61kg of a white solid, powdery chloromethylphosphonic acid product with a yield of 98.07%.
HPLC purity of the product: 99.12 percent.
Nuclear magnetic data: 1H NMR (400MHz, D2O): δ 3.31(d, 2H); 13C NMR (100MHz, D2O): δ 35.59, 34.11.
Please refer to fig. 1 or fig. 2 for nuclear magnetic spectrum.
It is understood that the reaction yield is high and the product purity is high.
Example 2
Figure BDA0002975402440000041
Under stirring at room temperature, sequentially adding 1L of toluene and 0.8kg of hydrochloric acid into a 5L reaction bottle, and uniformly stirring; then 1.1kg dimethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonate is added into the mixture and stirred evenly; after the addition, heating the reaction solution to 110 ℃ for reaction, and keeping the temperature for reaction until the raw materials completely disappear; the reaction solution was cooled to 30 ℃, the reaction solution was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, and 0.1kg of hydrochloric acid was added to the obtained residue, which was allowed to stand for 8 hours and lyophilized to obtain 0.99kg of a white solid powdery chloromethylphosphonic acid product with a yield of 96.63%.
HPLC purity of the product: 98.53 percent.
Nuclear magnetic data: 1H NMR (400MHz, D2O): δ 3.31(d, 2H); 13C NMR (100MHz, D2O): δ 35.59, 34.11.
Please refer to fig. 1 and 2 for nuclear magnetic spectrum.
It can be understood that the reaction yield is high and the product purity is high.
Example 3
Figure BDA0002975402440000042
Stirring at room temperature, sequentially adding 1.5L of n-heptane and 0.7kg of hydrochloric acid into a 5L reaction bottle, and uniformly stirring; then 1.2kg of diisopropyl hydroxymethylphosphonate is added into the mixture and stirred evenly; after the addition is finished, heating the reaction solution to 100 ℃ for reaction, and keeping the temperature for reaction until the raw materials completely disappear;
the reaction solution was cooled to 30 ℃, the reaction solution was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, and 0.1kg of hydrochloric acid was added to the obtained residue, which was allowed to stand for 6 hours and lyophilized to obtain 0.78kg of a white solid powdery chloromethylphosphonic acid product with a yield of 97.74%.
Referring to fig. 3, the product HPLC purity: 99.27 percent.
Nuclear magnetic data: 1H NMR (400MHz, D2O): δ 3.31(d, 2H); 13C NMR (100MHz, D2O): δ 35.59, 34.11.
Please refer to fig. 1 and 2 for nuclear magnetic spectrum.
It is understood that the reaction yield is high and the product purity is high.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid, which comprises:
s1: adding a solvent and hydrochloric acid into a reaction vessel in sequence, and stirring uniformly;
s2: adding hydroxymethyl phosphonate diester, stirring uniformly, heating to 80-120 ℃ for reaction, and keeping the temperature for reaction until the raw materials completely disappear to obtain a reaction solution;
s3: and cooling the reaction solution to 20-50 ℃, decompressing, evaporating the reaction solution to dryness, adding hydrochloric acid into the obtained residue, standing for 6-24 h, and freeze-drying to obtain chloromethyl phosphonic acid.
2. A process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein said diester of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid is one or more of dimethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate, diethyl hydroxymethylphosphonate and diisopropyl hydroxymethylphosphonate.
3. A process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction of the diester of hydroxymethylphosphonic acid with hydrochloric acid is carried out in a solvent selected from one or more of water, toluene, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, tert-butyl methyl ether, dioxane, n-hexane, n-heptane, petroleum ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol and acetonitrile.
4. The process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein S1 is carried out under stirring at room temperature.
5. A process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of hydrochloric acid used in S1 is 0.5-10 times the molar equivalent.
6. A process for preparing chloromethylphosphonic acid as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of hydrochloric acid used in S3 is 0.01 to 1 times the molar equivalent.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1634941A (en) * 2004-10-20 2005-07-06 西南师范大学 Process for one-pot preparation of chloromethyl monosodium phosphonate

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1634941A (en) * 2004-10-20 2005-07-06 西南师范大学 Process for one-pot preparation of chloromethyl monosodium phosphonate

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IVAN ROSENBERG ET AL.: "PHOSPHONYLMETHYL ANALOGUES OF RIBONUCLEOSIDE 2\',3\'-CYCLIC PHOSPHATES AND 2\'(3\')-NUCLEOTIDE METHYL ESTERS: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES", 《COLLECTION CZECHOSLOVAK CHEM. COMMUN.》, vol. 50, no. 7, pages 1507 - 1513 *
ZASUKHA, S. V.ET AL.: "(Aryl)(α-fluoro)- and (aryl)(α-chloro)methylenebisphosphonic acids and their chloranhydrides", 《UKRAINSKII KHIMICHESKII ZHURNAL》, vol. 80, no. 1, pages 38 - 43 *

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