CN113021733A - Porous film and forming method of porous medical protective product - Google Patents
Porous film and forming method of porous medical protective product Download PDFInfo
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- CN113021733A CN113021733A CN202110232457.5A CN202110232457A CN113021733A CN 113021733 A CN113021733 A CN 113021733A CN 202110232457 A CN202110232457 A CN 202110232457A CN 113021733 A CN113021733 A CN 113021733A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
- B29C43/24—Calendering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/20—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored
- B29C67/202—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for porous or cellular articles, e.g. of foam plastics, coarse-pored comprising elimination of a solid or a liquid ingredient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material processing and forming, and particularly relates to a porous film and a forming method of a porous medical protective article. Fully mixing an inorganic nano material with a high polymer material to obtain a mixed material; then heating the mixed material to a molten state, wherein the macromolecular material in the mixed material is molten, and the inorganic nano material in the mixed material is not molten; then rolling the molten state mixed material into a film, and cooling to obtain a film material; finally, the film material is placed in an etching agent, so that inorganic nano materials in the film material are removed through etching to form nano micropores, a porous film is obtained after drying, and the porous film is used as a filtering material to be made into porous medical protective articles such as masks, isolation clothes and the like, and has adjustable porosity, air permeability, water impermeability and high toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material processing and forming, and particularly relates to a porous film and a forming method of a porous medical protective article.
Background
The medical protective article is a basic guarantee for medical care personnel, and has the function of isolating germs, harmful ultrafine dust, acidic solution and saline solution. The common mask and medical protective clothing in the market at present mainly comprise five kinds of polypropylene spun-bonded cloth, polyester fiber and wood pulp compounded spunlace cloth, polypropylene spun-bonded-melt-spun-bonded composite non-woven cloth, high polymer coating fabric and polyethylene breathable film/non-woven cloth composite cloth.
More than 62% of medical protective articles adopt polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabrics materials, are covered with a breathable film special for protective clothing, have the functions of good water repellency, strong air permeability, static resistance and the like, have good permeability resistance, and have higher impact resistance while resisting corrosion of various organic solvents and acid and alkali. Has strong mechanical property and soft and comfortable texture. No combustion supporting, no toxicity, no irritation and no harm to skin.
However, most nonwoven materials are produced by melt-blowing and electrostatic spinning techniques, polymer solutions or melts are subjected to key production processes such as melt extrusion, high-temperature and high-speed hot air flow or high-voltage electrostatic field, electrostatic electret, winding and the like, and uniform accumulation and bonding among filaments in turbulent air flow and complex flow fields cannot be guaranteed in the production processes, so that the uniformity of microporous structures such as porosity, pore size, specific surface area and the like of the nonwoven is poor, and therefore, the thickness of protective products is generally increased in the prior art (the weight of three layers reaches 60 g/m)2) The protective performance is guaranteed, however, although the thickness of the protective product is too large, the filtering efficiency can be increased to a certain degree, the air permeability of the protective product is often poor, and therefore, the protective products in the prior art mostly have the contradiction that the filtering efficiency, the air permeability and other protective performances cannot be reconciled with the service performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a porous film with high filtering efficiency and good air permeability and a forming method of a porous medical protective article, and aims to solve the technical problem that most of protective products in the prior art have the contradiction that the protective performances such as filtering efficiency and air permeability and the use performance cannot be reconciled.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for forming a porous film, comprising the steps of:
(1) fully mixing an inorganic nano material with a high polymer material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) heating the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to a molten state, wherein the macromolecular material in the mixed material is molten, and the inorganic nano material in the mixed material is not molten; then rolling the molten state mixed material into a film, and cooling to obtain a film material;
(3) and (3) placing the film material obtained in the step (2) in an etching agent, removing the inorganic nano material in the film material through etching to form nano micropores, and drying to obtain the porous film.
Preferably, the inorganic nano material is a zero-dimensional nano material, a one-dimensional nano material or a two-dimensional nano material; the inorganic nano material is an inorganic oxide nano material, an inorganic carbide nano material or an inorganic salt nano material.
Preferably, the size of the inorganic nano material is 10-200 nm.
Preferably, the polymer material is an organic synthetic polymer material or a natural polymer material.
Preferably, the high molecular material is selected from polypropylene, polylactic acid, copolymer of polypropylene and polylactic acid, cellulose and chitosan.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the inorganic nano material to the high polymer material is 1: 3-1: 5.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (2) is between the melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of the high polymer material.
Preferably, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 1-10 ℃ higher than the melting temperature of the high polymer material.
Preferably, the step (2) extrudes the molten mixed material by using an extruder and then rolls the extruded molten mixed material on a roll press to form a film.
Preferably, the step (2) roll-forms the molten mixed material into a film by repeating roll forming a plurality of times.
Preferably, the thickness of the thin film material in the step (2) is in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm.
Preferably, step (3) is performed under ultrasonic conditions.
According to another aspect of the invention, the porous film prepared by the forming method is provided.
According to another aspect of the invention, the application of the porous film prepared by the forming method is provided for preparing porous medical protective articles.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a method for forming a porous film, which comprises the steps of mixing inorganic nano materials into a high molecular material, heating to the melting temperature of the high molecular material, then rolling and forming to obtain the film, removing the nano materials mixed into the film by a solvent etching method, and processing to obtain the porous filter membrane with adjustable porosity, air permeability, water impermeability and high toughness.
(2) In the preparation process of the porous membrane, the porosity and the specific surface area of the membrane in the finally prepared porous membrane can be regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the content of the nano material mixed in the mixture material, so that the porous filter membrane with adjustable porosity, filtering performance and air permeability is obtained.
(3) According to the preparation method of the porous film and the porous medical protective article, the holes in the prepared porous film are nano-scale holes, so that the medical protective article prepared from the porous film is good in air permeability and waterproof. And because the porous film has even holes and high filtering efficiency, the filtering efficiency is improved without increasing the thickness such as arranging multiple layers when preparing the medical protective product, so that the air permeability of the product can be ensured while ensuring higher filtering efficiency, and the contradiction that the filtering efficiency, the air permeability and other protective performances and the service performance of the protective product in the prior art can not be blended is ingeniously overcome.
(4) The porous filter membrane with adjustable porosity, air permeability, water impermeability and high toughness is used for preparing medical protective articles, such as masks or isolation clothes, and the prepared medical protective articles are light and thin, excellent in filtering performance and good in air permeability.
(5) The invention equivalently provides a brand-new forming method of porous medical protective articles, the forming method does not need to adopt a melt-blowing method and an electrostatic spinning technology as the traditional forming method, and also does not need to undergo production process flows such as high-speed hot air flow or high-voltage electrostatic field, electrostatic electret, rolling and the like, the prepared filter material has uniform pore distribution and high porosity, and a single-layer filter membrane material can simultaneously meet the requirements of filter performance, air permeability and mechanical performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a porous membrane according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a surface topography of the porous membrane prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is an internal morphology diagram of a porous membrane prepared by an example;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the mechanical properties of the porous film prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The forming method of the porous film provided by the invention, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) fully mixing an inorganic nano material with a high polymer material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) heating the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to a molten state, wherein the macromolecular material in the mixed material is molten, and the inorganic nano material in the mixed material is not changed in shape, and is not molten nor decomposed; then rolling the molten state mixed material into a film, and cooling to obtain a film material;
(3) and (3) placing the film material obtained in the step (2) in an etching agent, removing the inorganic nano material in the film material through etching to form nano micropores, and drying to obtain the porous film.
In some embodiments, the inorganic nanomaterial of the present invention is a zero-dimensional nanomaterial (such as nanospheres, irregular nanopowders, etc.), a one-dimensional nanomaterial (such as nanowires, nanofibers, etc.), or a two-dimensional nanomaterial (such as nanosheets, etc.); the inorganic nano material is an inorganic oxide nano material (including a metal oxide nano material and a non-metal oxide nano material, the metal oxide nano material is zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, ferric oxide and the like, and the non-metal oxide nano material is silicon dioxide and the like); inorganic carbide nano-materials (such as silicon carbide or zirconium carbide) or inorganic salt nano-materials (calcium carbonate, aluminum silicate or aluminum nitride). The nano material is used for pore forming in the preparation process of the porous film, and the condition to be met is that the nano material is mixed with a high polymer material, rolled and prepared into a film, and then matched with a corresponding etching agent, nano micropores are removed through etching, so that the porous film with proper porosity is prepared, and the air permeability of the finally prepared medical protective product is improved.
In some embodiments, the inorganic nanomaterial has a size of 10 to 200 nm.
The inorganic nano material adopted by the invention can be obtained by purchasing on the market or preparing by self. For example, some inorganic nano materials can be prepared by a sol-gel method, a micro-emulsion method, chemical vapor deposition and the like, and can also be prepared by other conventional preparation methods.
In some embodiments, a microemulsion method is adopted, soluble carbonate and calcium salt are respectively dissolved in microemulsions with the same composition, then mixing reaction is carried out, the characteristic that the size of droplets in the microemulsions is controllable is mainly utilized to obtain nano calcium carbonate crystal grains, and then the nano calcium carbonate crystal grains are separated from a solvent to prepare nano calcium carbonate powder.
The polymer material adopted by the invention can be various polymer materials which can be used for preparing medical protective articles in the prior art, including organic synthetic polymer materials such as polypropylene, polylactic acid, copolymer of polypropylene and polylactic acid and the like, and can also be natural polymer materials (also called as biomass polymer materials) such as chitosan, cellulose and the like.
The polymer material adopted by the invention can be obtained by market purchase or self-preparation. Extrusion grade film-forming materials such as extrusion grade polypropylene, extrusion grade polylactic acid, and the like are preferably used.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the inorganic nano material to the polymer material is 1:3 to 1: 5.
In some embodiments, the inorganic nanomaterial and the polymeric material are placed in a shaker for thorough mixing. The percentage of nanomaterial incorporated into the polymeric material determines the pore properties of the subsequent porous film, since the nanomaterial is eventually removed during the etching step (3) to leave nanopores. In experiments, the porosity of the prepared porous film is 75-90% when the mass ratio of the inorganic nano material to the high polymer material is controlled within the range of 1: 3-1: 5, so that the air permeability requirements of medical protective articles such as masks and isolation clothes can be better met.
In some embodiments, the heating temperature in step (2) is between the melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of the polymer material, and preferably, the heating temperature in step (2) is 1-10 ℃ higher than the melting temperature of the polymer material. The melting temperature of the polymer material can be obtained by looking up a table, or by performing thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments, the decomposition temperature and the melting temperature of the material can be obtained, for example, the decomposition temperature is determined by taking the weight loss up to 1%, and the melting temperature of the material can be obtained by DSC experimental data. Particularly, a conclusion can be drawn according to an experimental effect.
In some embodiments, step (2) extrudes the molten mixed material through an extruder and then rolls the extruded molten mixed material on a roll press to form a film. The invention can adopt an extruder used in the prior art to extrude the molten mixed material, and adopt the prior roller press to roll and form the extruded molten mixed material.
In some embodiments, step (2) is performed by repeating the roll forming a plurality of times to roll the molten mixed material into a film.
The invention firstly mixes the inorganic nanometer material and the high molecular material, heats them to the molten state, then extrudes the molten state mixed material and rolls it to form the film, which is the more key step in the forming method, and realizes the dispersion of the metal oxide nanometer material in the final film material and the forming of the film material through the extrusion and rolling steps.
In some embodiments, the thickness of the thin film material in the step (2) is in a range of 1 μm to 100 μm. Within the thickness range of the film, the inorganic nano material can be removed by etching relatively easily, and the prepared porous film has excellent mechanical property.
In the step (3), an appropriate type of etchant can be selected according to the type of the inorganic nano material, for example, in some embodiments, the etchant is an acidic solution, an alkaline solution or the like, and in a preferred embodiment, the etching in the step (3) is performed under an ultrasonic condition for 1-6 hours.
The invention firstly mixes inorganic nanometer material into high molecular material, and etches and removes the nanometer material after melting, rolling and film forming, and leaves nanometer holes to obtain the nanometer porous film. Therefore, the invention can adopt various inorganic nano materials which have melting points lower than that of high molecular materials and can be etched and removed from the film material by adopting proper etchant, for example, when the metal oxide nano material is adopted, acidic aqueous solution etchant (for example, aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like can be adopted as the etchant); when the silicon dioxide nano material is adopted, an alkaline solution etching agent can be adopted; when the inorganic salt nano material is used, an acidic aqueous solution, a neutral aqueous solution or the like can be used.
The invention can regulate and control the porosity and the specific surface area of the finally prepared porous film by regulating and controlling the content of the inorganic nano material in the mixed material. Because the holes in the porous film are nano-scale holes, the medical protective product prepared by the porous film has good air permeability and is impermeable. And because the porous film has even holes and high filtering efficiency, the filtering efficiency is improved without increasing the thickness such as arranging multiple layers when preparing the medical protective product, so that the air permeability of the product can be ensured while ensuring higher filtering efficiency, and the contradiction that the filtering efficiency, the air permeability and other protective performances and the service performance of the protective product in the prior art can not be blended is ingeniously overcome.
The invention also provides application of the porous film prepared by the forming method to preparation of porous medical protective articles. After the porous film is prepared by the method, the porous film is used as a filtering layer material of the medical protective product and is prepared into the porous medical protective product. In some embodiments, the porous medical protective article is a mask filter, a barrier gown, or the like.
The invention also provides a forming method of the porous medical protective product, and the porous film prepared by the method is used as a filtering material to process and manufacture medical protective products such as masks, isolation gowns and the like according to the conventional manufacturing method of the medical protective product.
In some embodiments, the metal oxide inorganic nanoparticles are used as the nano material, and the biomass polymer material such as chitosan or cellulose is used as the polymer material to manufacture the medical protective product, and the principle is as follows: the sizes of inorganic nano-salt particles and nano-fibers are regulated and controlled within the range of 10-400 nm by controlling the reaction temperature, the raw material ratio and the like through a sol-gel method, so that the inorganic nano-salt particles and the nano-fibers are rolled and formed with a biomass high polymer material in a molten state, the mesoscopic form of the raw material can be maintained, the addition amounts of the inorganic nano-salt particles and the nano-fibers are changed, and the air permeability, the tensile property and the like of the medical filter membrane are improved. And secondly, forming the medical mask filter membrane with a porous structure by methods such as ultrasonic etching and the like, and realizing the formation of the mask filter membrane and the isolation clothes which are light, thin, breathable, waterproof, high in protective performance and comfortable.
The method comprises the following implementation steps:
s1: mixing materials: uniformly mixing a certain amount of inorganic salt nano particles or nano fiber materials with a certain amount of polymer materials on a shaking machine;
s2: heating up: heating to make the material enter into molten state, extruding with extruder, forming film on roller press, and rolling for several times;
s3: cooling and taking the film: after the porous film is rolled uniformly, taking down the film after the die is cooled to room temperature;
s4: and (3) corrosion pore-forming: adding a proper solvent into an ultrasonic generator, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator, taking out the film and drying after the inorganic salt nano-particles or the nano-fiber material is corroded.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
In this embodiment, the method described in the present invention is used to form a film sample with high porosity and high air permeability by taking zinc oxide nanoparticles and polylactic acid as examples. The method comprises the following specific steps:
obtaining processing conditions: taking a small amount of polylactic acid samples, and respectively carrying out thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments to obtain the decomposition temperature and the melting temperature of the material. The weight loss reaches 1 percent as a standard, the decomposition temperature of the synthesized polylactic acid material is 340-360 ℃, the melting temperature is 175 ℃, and the experiment proves that the processing effect is better at 180 ℃.
Placing materials: putting a certain amount of zinc oxide nano powder and a polylactic acid material (in a mass ratio of 1: 3) into a shaking machine, premixing uniformly, and putting into an extruder;
heating up: heating to 170 ℃, extruding by an extruder, and forming a film on a roller press.
Cooling and taking the film: and closing and heating, cooling the mold to room temperature, and removing the film with the thickness of 2 microns.
And (3) corrosion pore-forming: adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid water solution into an ultrasonic generator, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator for 1 hour, taking out the film after the zinc oxide nano particles are corroded, and drying.
Example 2
Obtaining processing conditions: a small amount of polypropylene material samples are taken and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments respectively to obtain the decomposition temperature and the melting temperature of the material. The weight loss reaches 1 percent as a standard, the decomposition temperature of the synthesized polypropylene material is 350-380 ℃, the melting temperature is 165 ℃, and the experiment proves that the processing effect is better at 170 ℃.
Placing materials: putting a certain amount of silicon oxide nano powder and a certain amount of polypropylene material (in a mass ratio of 1: 3) into a shaking machine, uniformly premixing, and putting into an extruder;
heating up: heating to 170 ℃, extruding by an extruder, and forming a film on a roller press.
Cooling and taking the film: and closing and heating, cooling the mold to room temperature, and removing the film with the thickness of 2 microns.
And (3) corrosion pore-forming: and adding a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution into an ultrasonic generator, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator for 2 hours, taking out the film after the silicon dioxide nano particles are corroded, and drying.
Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are respectively a surface structure and a morphology diagram of an internal structure of the porous film prepared in this embodiment, and it can be seen that the surface and the inside of the porous film prepared by the method both have rich pore structures and are uniformly distributed nano-pores, and through a test, the porosity of the porous film is 75%. After the mask and the isolation clothes are made of the single-layer porous film as the filter material, the mechanical property is good, the elastic modulus reaches 35MPa, and as shown in figure 4, the air permeability is good, and the filter performance is good.
Example 3
Obtaining processing conditions: a small amount of polypropylene material samples are taken and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments respectively to obtain the decomposition temperature and the melting temperature of the material. The weight loss reaches 1 percent as a standard, the decomposition temperature of the synthesized polypropylene material is 350-380 ℃, the melting temperature is 165 ℃, and the experiment proves that the processing effect is better at 170 ℃.
Placing materials: placing a certain amount of titanium dioxide nanopowder and a polypropylene material (in a mass ratio of 1: 5) in a shaking machine, uniformly premixing, and then placing in an extruder;
heating up: heating to 170 ℃, extruding by an extruder, and forming a film on a roller press.
Cooling and taking the film: and closing and heating, cooling the mold to room temperature, and removing the film with the thickness of 2 microns.
And (3) corrosion pore-forming: adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into an ultrasonic generator, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator for 2 hours, taking out the film after the titanium dioxide nanoparticles are corroded, and drying.
Example 4
Obtaining processing conditions: a small amount of polypropylene material samples are taken and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments respectively to obtain the decomposition temperature and the melting temperature of the material. The weight loss reaches 1 percent as a standard, the decomposition temperature of the synthesized polypropylene material is 350-380 ℃, the melting temperature is 165 ℃, and the experiment proves that the processing effect is better at 170 ℃.
Placing materials: putting a certain amount of calcium carbonate nano powder and a polypropylene material (in a mass ratio of 1: 3) into a shaking machine, uniformly premixing, and putting into an extruder;
heating up: heating to 170 ℃, extruding by an extruder, and forming a film on a roller press.
Cooling and taking the film: and closing and heating, cooling the mold to room temperature, and removing the film with the thickness of 80 mu m.
And (3) corrosion pore-forming: adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution into an ultrasonic generator, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator for 1 hour, taking out the film after the calcium carbonate nano-particles are corroded, and drying.
Example 5
Obtaining processing conditions: a small amount of polypropylene material samples are taken and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments respectively to obtain the decomposition temperature and the melting temperature of the material. The weight loss reaches 1 percent as a standard, the decomposition temperature of the synthesized polypropylene material is 350-380 ℃, the melting temperature is 165 ℃, and the experiment proves that the processing effect is better at 170 ℃.
Placing materials: putting a certain amount of silicon carbide nanopowder and a polypropylene material (in a mass ratio of 1: 3) into a shaking machine, uniformly premixing, and putting into an extruder;
heating up: heating to 170 ℃, extruding by an extruder, and forming a film on a roller press.
Cooling and taking the film: and closing and heating, cooling the mold to room temperature, and removing the film with the thickness of 50 mu m.
And (3) corrosion pore-forming: and adding hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution into an ultrasonic generator, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator for 3 hours, taking out the film after the silicon carbide nanoparticles are corroded, and drying.
Example 6
Obtaining processing conditions: a small amount of cellulose material samples are taken and subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments respectively to obtain the decomposition temperature of the material. The weight loss reaches 1 percent as a standard, the decomposition temperature of the synthesized cellulose material is 260-280 ℃, and the experiment proves that the processing effect is better at 100 ℃.
Placing materials: putting a certain amount of aluminum nitride nanopowder with a microsphere structure and a cellulose material (in a mass ratio of 1: 4) into a shaking machine, premixing uniformly, and putting into an extruder;
heating up: heating to 100 ℃, extruding by an extruder, and forming a film on a roller press.
Cooling and taking the film: and closing and heating, cooling the mold to room temperature, and removing the film with the thickness of 20 mu m.
And (3) corrosion pore-forming: adding 2mol/L sulfuric acid water solution into an ultrasonic generator for 4 hours, putting the film into the ultrasonic generator, taking out the film after the aluminum nitride nanoparticles are corroded, and drying.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of forming a porous membrane, comprising the steps of:
(1) fully mixing an inorganic nano material with a high polymer material to obtain a mixed material;
(2) heating the mixed material obtained in the step (1) to a molten state, wherein the macromolecular material in the mixed material is molten, and the inorganic nano material in the mixed material is not molten; then rolling the molten state mixed material into a film, and cooling to obtain a film material;
(3) and (3) placing the film material obtained in the step (2) in an etching agent, removing the inorganic nano material in the film material through etching to form nano micropores, and drying to obtain the porous film.
2. The forming method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic nanomaterial is a zero-dimensional nanomaterial, a one-dimensional nanomaterial, or a two-dimensional nanomaterial; the inorganic nano material is an inorganic oxide nano material, an inorganic carbide nano material or an inorganic salt nano material.
3. The forming method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic nanomaterial has a size of 10 to 200 nm.
4. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer material is an organic synthetic polymer material or a natural polymer material.
5. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic nanomaterial to the polymeric material is 1:3 to 1: 5.
6. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in step (2) is between the melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of the polymer material, and preferably the heating temperature in step (2) is higher than the melting temperature of the polymer material by 1 to 10 ℃.
7. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thin film material of the step (2) is in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm.
8. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein the etching in step (3) is performed under ultrasonic conditions.
9. A porous film produced by the forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of a porous film according to claim 9 for the preparation of porous medical protective articles.
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