CN113019129A - Energy-saving vibration set system - Google Patents

Energy-saving vibration set system Download PDF

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CN113019129A
CN113019129A CN202110217675.1A CN202110217675A CN113019129A CN 113019129 A CN113019129 A CN 113019129A CN 202110217675 A CN202110217675 A CN 202110217675A CN 113019129 A CN113019129 A CN 113019129A
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layer
double
combiner
rotating shaft
membrane
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CN113019129B (en
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李天玉
陈亦力
杨玉兵
孙庆硕
吴超
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Beijing Huateyuan Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Biyuan Water Source Membrane Technology Research Center Beijing Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
    • B01D2311/2688—Biological processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/04—Reciprocation, oscillation or vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
    • B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/30—Mechanical cleaning, e.g. with brushes or scrapers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-saving vibration group system which comprises a membrane pool, a plurality of double-layer group devices, a driving device, a positioning mechanism and a controller. The plurality of double-layer reactors are positioned in the membrane pool and are connected in series; each double-layer combiner comprises an upper combiner and a lower combiner which are connected with each other, and rotating shafts are arranged at two ends of the middle part of the upper combiner and the lower combiner. The weights of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper are equal, and the lengths of the gravity centers of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper are equal relative to the length of the force arms of the rotating shaft. The driving device comprises a crank mechanism and a motor which are mutually in driving connection, and the crank mechanism is in driving connection with a double-layer combiner; the motor drives the double-layer packet devices to swing by taking the rotating shaft as the shaft through a crank mechanism. The controller is connected with the motor circuit, and the swing frequency of the double-layer combiner is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that liquid in the membrane pool generates rotary tangent flow on the membrane surface of the double-layer combiner. The system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and maintenance, reasonable design and low energy consumption during vibration.

Description

Energy-saving vibration set system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration sets, in particular to an energy-saving vibration set system.
Background
Aeration is a conventional method of controlling membrane fouling. However, a large amount of aeration energy consumption is high, the water treatment cost is increased, the phenomenon that hairs and the like block the root of the membrane module can also occur, when the blockage reaches a certain degree, the membrane module needs to be cleaned on line and off line regularly, and the labor and the time are wasted. In addition, the anaerobic separation process cannot be realized by adopting an aeration mode, so that the application field of the membrane bioreactor technology is limited.
At present, most of non-aeration MBRs vibrate in a mode that a membrane module device reciprocates in the horizontal direction and is provided with a track and a traveling wheel. However, the vibration system of this type has high precision of mechanical structure, complex structure and high energy consumption. In addition, in the application of the prior art that membrane pollution control is realized by mechanical movement, sludge is often uniformly mixed by adding a stirring device to achieve the purpose of uniform mass transfer, or sludge is uniformly mixed by adding an aeration system at the bottom. The design of realizing uniform mixing in a stirring or aeration mode has several defects, the first increase of the number of equipment makes the system complex, the control system is troublesome, the failure rate is higher, and the maintenance cost is increased; the second additional associated equipment consumes power, thereby increasing the cost of operating the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an energy-saving vibration group system, which is used for solving the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
An energy-saving vibration group system comprises a membrane pool, a plurality of double-layer group devices, a driving device, a guide positioning mechanism and a controller;
each double-layer combiner comprises an upper layer combiner and a lower layer combiner which are connected with each other, and a rotating shaft is arranged between the upper layer combiner and the lower layer combiner; the guide positioning mechanism is matched with a rotating shaft of the double-layer group device, and the double-layer group devices are mutually arranged in the membrane pool in series through the guide positioning mechanism; the weights of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper are equal, and the lengths of the force arms of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper relative to the rotating shaft are equal;
the driving device comprises a crank mechanism and a motor which are in driving connection with each other, and the crank mechanism is connected with a double-layer packet device through a connecting rod structure; the motor drives the double-layer packet devices to swing by taking the rotating shaft as a shaft through a crank mechanism;
the controller is connected with the motor circuit, and the swing frequency of the double-layer combiner is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that liquid in the membrane pool generates rotary tangent flow on the membrane surface of the double-layer combiner.
Preferably, the pivot of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner is in a mode of passing through the nearest end distance of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner
Figure BDA0002954528950000021
Obtaining;
swinging speed passing type of pivot of rotating shaft in double-layer combiner to proximal end of upper layer combiner or lower layer combiner
Figure BDA0002954528950000022
Figure BDA0002954528950000023
Obtaining;
the swing horizontal displacement of the pivot of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is obtained by the formula L ═ Rsin alpha (3);
wherein h is the membrane pool height, R0The height of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is defined, R is the distance from a fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double layer combiner to the nearest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner, alpha is a swing angle of the double layer combiner, f is a swing frequency of the double layer combiner, R is the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner, and W is the width of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner.
Preferably, the height of the membrane pool is 3500-6000mm, the heights of the upper layer combiner and the lower layer combiner are 1000-2000m, respectively, the width of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 850-1500mm, the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the most proximal end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 250-500mm, and the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the most distal end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 1250-2500mm are obtained through the formula (1);
the swinging speed of a pivot of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the most proximal end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 0.15m/s, the swinging frequency of the double-layer combiner is 0.2-0.8Hz, and the swinging angle of the double-layer combiner is 11-43 degrees obtained through a formula (2);
the swinging horizontal displacement of the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 475-1700mm obtained through the formula (3), and the ratio of the swinging horizontal displacement of the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner to the width of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is further obtained to be 0.3:1-2: 1.
Preferably, the distance between the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner and the most proximal end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 250mm, and the distance between the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner and the most distal end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 2500 mm.
Preferably, the double-layer combiner comprises a first double-layer combiner and a plurality of second double-layer combiners, the first double-layer combiner is connected with an adjacent second double-layer combiner, and the second double-layer combiners are connected with each other through second connecting rods;
the crank mechanism includes:
the driving wheel is in driving connection with the motor, and a driving handle is hinged to the side part of the driving wheel;
the first connecting rod is hinged with the driving handle through one end, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the first combiner;
the motor drives the first double-layer set device to swing through the driving wheel, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod of the first double-layer set device, and drives the second double-layer set device to swing through the third connecting rod and the second connecting rod of the second double-layer set device.
Preferably, the membrane tank is also provided with a plurality of mounting platforms, and each mounting platform is fixedly connected to the side wall of the membrane tank and is flush with the side wall of the membrane tank;
the guiding and positioning mechanism comprises:
the membrane pool comprises a plurality of membrane pools, a plurality of guide rods, a plurality of fixing plates and a plurality of fixing plates, wherein each guide rod is vertically arranged and is attached to the wall of the membrane pool;
the guide device comprises a plurality of guide members and sliding bearings, wherein each guide member is used for being matched with one guide rod, each sliding bearing is used for being matched with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected with the guide members through the sliding bearings.
Preferably, the guide member is designed with a groove structure for cooperation with the guide bar such that the guide member is vertically movable along the surface of the guide bar.
Preferably, the sliding bearing and the guide are connected to each other by a bolt.
Preferably, the mounting platform is a horizontally arranged steel plate.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the energy-saving vibration group system provided by the invention comprises a membrane pool, a plurality of double-layer group devices, a driving device, a positioning mechanism and a controller. The plurality of double-layer reactors are positioned in the membrane pool and are connected in series; each double-layer combiner comprises an upper combiner and a lower combiner which are connected with each other, and rotating shafts are arranged at two ends of the middle part of the upper combiner and the lower combiner. The weights of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper are equal, and the lengths of the force arms of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper relative to the rotating shaft are equal. The driving device comprises a crank mechanism and a motor which are mutually in driving connection, and the crank mechanism is in driving connection with a double-layer combiner; the motor drives the double-layer packet devices to swing by taking the rotating shaft as the shaft through a crank mechanism. The controller is connected with the motor circuit, and the swing frequency of the double-layer combiner is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that liquid in the membrane pool generates rotary tangent flow on the membrane surface of the double-layer combiner. The system provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation and maintenance, reasonable design and low energy consumption during vibration. The problems of high precision, complex structure, high energy consumption and labor and time consumption in installation and maintenance of the traditional horizontal reciprocating motion type mechanical structure are solved. Meanwhile, the structural design of the group device with controllable cross flow speed enables the group device to periodically swing to generate shearing force on the membrane surface, and particularly at the moment of changing the vibration direction, fluid on the membrane surface can undergo violent deceleration and acceleration processes, so that high shearing force can be generated on the membrane surface to transfer energy to the membrane. The shearing action generated by the membrane vibration can separate the pollutants such as solid particles from the membrane surface or separate the pollutants from the attached membrane pore channel, so that macromolecular substances in the mixed solution can be prevented from forming a gel layer on the membrane surface, the adsorption accumulation and concentration polarization on the membrane surface are reduced, and the filtering process is strengthened. In addition, parameters such as the swing angle, the swing frequency, the upper end and the lower end distance of the swing type double-layer packet device are designed and optimized according to the rotation condition and mechanical calculation and key parameters for controlling membrane pollution, the optimal cross flow speed is controlled by utilizing the membrane pollution in an engineering test, and the parameters are obtained through ingenious calculation and design. When the combiner swings at a certain speed, a rotary tangent flow is generated on the film surface. Therefore, solid particles deposited on the membrane surface can be taken away by the rotating fluid in time, so that the problem of membrane pollution resistance in a paraxial region is effectively solved, the thickness of a mud cake layer is reduced, the probability of pore blocking by particles is reduced, the membrane pollution control effect is obviously enhanced, and the long-term stability of the operation of the membrane system is improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy-saving vibration group device system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an energy efficient vibratory group machine system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an energy efficient vibratory group system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy-saving vibration group system according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a stable operation of the membrane stack in the preferred embodiment of the energy-saving vibration stack system according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1. the membrane tank 11, the membrane separation zone 12, the sludge settling zone 2, the double-layer laminator 21, the upper laminator 22, the lower laminator 23, the first double-layer laminator 231, the first frame 24, the second double-layer laminator 241, the second frame 3, the crank mechanism 31, the driving wheel 311, the driving handle 32, the first connecting rod 33, the motor 5, the guide rod 6, the second connecting rod 7, the sliding bearing 8, the guide part 9, the mounting platform 10 and the rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking several specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides an energy-saving vibration group device system, which is an improvement aiming at an MBR (Membrane bioreactor), and the MBR is also called a Membrane bioreactor (Membrane Bio-Reactor), and is a novel water treatment technology combining a Membrane separation unit and a biological treatment unit in the fields of sewage treatment and water resource recycling. In recent years, with the improvement of water treatment discharge standard and the perfect development of MBR technology, MBR has been applied in large scale, and market share has been rapidly developed, so that MBR becomes a main and effective treatment technology for municipal domestic sewage and industrial wastewater treatment at present. However, the MBR technology often causes membrane pollution in the application process, and the traditional method adopts an aeration mode to control membrane pollution, but a large amount of aeration causes the increase of water treatment cost, and simultaneously causes hair to be blocked at the root of a membrane component to a certain extent, so that the membrane component needs to be cleaned on line and off line regularly, and a large amount of labor cost and time are consumed. Therefore, a method which has low energy consumption and can effectively control the MBR membrane pollution is urgently needed to be found.
There is a technology of cleaning membrane by mechanical movement without aeration means, which aims to promote the membrane filaments to generate violent relative movement to form mutual impact, collision and friction between the membrane filaments, desorb the sludge adsorbed on the surface of the membrane filaments, reduce the resistance of water flowing through the membrane and maintain the permeability of micropores on the surface of the membrane filaments. The non-aeration control membrane pollution technology aims at the technology for realizing membrane pollution control through mechanical motion, and a large amount of research and experiments, high-frequency vibration, low-frequency reciprocating motion and the like exist at present, but the membrane assembly systems in the mechanical motion mode have the problems of high mechanical structure precision, complex structure, high energy consumption and the like. At present, some mechanical swing type membrane group devices can reduce energy consumption and avoid root hair accumulation, but when the membrane group devices rotate around a shaft, the problem that the anti-pollution capacity is weak due to the fact that the swing amplitude of an area close to the shaft is small and the flow speed of the membrane surface is small can occur.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides an energy-saving vibration group system, which comprises a membrane pool 1, a plurality of double-layer group devices 2, a driving device, a guiding and positioning mechanism and a controller. The plurality of double-layer groupers 2 are arranged in the membrane pool 1 through a positioning mechanism, and a driving device drives the plurality of groupers to swing in the membrane pool 1.
As shown in fig. 1, each dual-layer combiner 2 is of a vertical structure, and includes an upper layer combiner 21 and a lower layer combiner 22 that are connected to each other, a space is provided between the upper layer combiner 21 and the lower layer combiner 22, a rotating shaft 10 that is transversely disposed is provided in the space, the upper layer combiner 21 and the lower layer combiner 22 can swing about the rotating shaft 10, and specifically, one rotating shaft 10 can be respectively disposed between the upper layer combiner 21 and the lower layer combiner 22 toward both sides of the wall direction of the membrane tank 1. In the embodiment provided by the invention, the guiding and positioning mechanism is matched with the rotating shaft 10 of the double-layer group device 2, so that a plurality of double-layer group devices 2 are sequentially arranged in series in the membrane tank 1 through the guiding and positioning mechanism. The guiding and positioning mechanisms correspond to the rotating shafts 10 of the double-layer combiner 2 one by one.
The crank mechanism 3 is arranged on one side of the top of the membrane pool 1, and the crank mechanism 3 is in driving connection with a double-layer set device 2; the crank mechanism 3 is also in driving connection with a motor 33. The motor 33 drives one of the double-layer set devices 2 to swing by taking the rotating shaft 10 of the double-layer set device as a shaft through the crank mechanism 3, and drives other double-layer set devices 2 to swing by taking the rotating shaft 10 of the double-layer set device as the shaft through the mutual serial connection of the double-layer set devices 2.
In this embodiment, the form of the membrane module includes, but is not limited to, hollow fiber membranes, module types including flat sheet membranes, roll membranes, and bundle membranes. Membrane materials include, but are not limited to, microfiltration, including ultrafiltration, colander, and the like.
In the embodiment provided by the invention, the gravity centers of the upper layer grouter 21 and the lower layer grouter 22 are further equal to the length of the force arms of the rotating shaft 10 by adopting the arrangement mode that the weights of the upper layer grouter 21 and the lower layer grouter 22 are equal, and the gravity centers of the upper layer grouter 21 and the lower layer grouter 22 are used for optimizing the stress distribution of the grouters, reducing the motion resistance and achieving the purpose of reducing the energy consumption. The specific principle is as shown in fig. 4, the whole system converts the rotation motion of the crank mechanism 3 into the reciprocating swing motion of the double-layer packet device 2 through the transmission of the connecting rod. The whole structure adopts a swinging structure, the rotating shaft 10 is arranged in the middle of the combiner, and the weights M of the upper layer combiner 21 and the lower layer combiner 22 on both sides of the rotating shaft 10 are equal, so that the gravity F1 of the upper layer combiner 21 is equal to the gravity F2 of the lower layer combiner 22 (F1 is equal to F2). When the group swing angle is α, the lengths of the moment arms of the upper group of machines 21 and the lower group of machines 22 with respect to the rotating shaft 10 are L1 and L2, respectively, and L1 is L2, as can be seen from the moment formula T FL, the moments of the group machines on both sides of the rotating shaft 10 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, so that the total rotating effect is zero. The torque provided by the motor 33 only needs to overcome the resistance of water and the mechanical friction (e.g. friction between the shaft 10 and the bearings) to the shaft 10, so that the total energy consumption is relatively small.
The applicant finds that when the combiner rotates around the shaft in the prior art, the swinging amplitude of the area close to the shaft is small, and the membrane surface flow velocity of the combiner is small, so that the pollution resistance is poor. The controller is connected with a circuit of the motor 33, the swing frequency of the double-layer group device 2 is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the motor 33, so that liquid in the membrane pool 1 generates rotary tangential flow on the membrane surface of the double-layer group device 2, the rotary tangential flow has the effect that solid particles deposited on the membrane surface can be timely taken away by rotary fluid in membrane filtration, the thickness of a mud cake layer is effectively reduced, the probability of pore blocking of particles is reduced, the membrane pollution control effect is remarkably enhanced, and the long-term stability of the operation of the membrane system is improved.
In the preferred embodiment provided by the invention, the optimal design parameters of the related components of the system are obtained by designing and optimizing parameters such as the swing angle, the swing frequency, the upper and lower end distances of the pair device according to the rotation condition, the mechanical calculation and the membrane pollution control key parameters, controlling the optimal cross flow speed by utilizing the membrane pollution in the engineering test and skillfully calculating and designing. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 is in a mode of passing through the nearest end distance of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22
Figure BDA0002954528950000071
Figure BDA0002954528950000072
Obtaining;
the swing speed passing mode of the pivot point of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the most proximal end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is adopted
Figure BDA0002954528950000073
Obtaining;
the swing horizontal displacement of the pivot of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is obtained by the formula L ═ Rsin α (3);
as shown in FIG. 4, wherein h is the height of the membrane tank 1 and R is0The height of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 in the vertical state is R, the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the nearest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is α, the swing angle of the double-layer combiner 2 is f, the swing frequency of the double-layer combiner 2 is R, the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is R, and W is the width of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22.
It should be understood that the proximal-most distance r of the pivot point of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the upper combiner 21 or the lower combiner 22 specifically refers to: the pivot point of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 is at the vertical distance from the bottom end surface of the upper layer combiner 21 or the top end surface (closest) of the lower layer combiner 22. The distance R from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 specifically means: the pivot point of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 is at the vertical distance from the top end surface of the upper layer combiner 21 or the bottom end surface (farthest) of the lower layer combiner 22. When the double-layer combiner is in a vertical state, R-R + R is satisfied0。
In some preferred modes, the height h of the membrane pool 1 is preferably 3500-6000mm, and the height R of the upper layer combiner 21 and the lower layer combiner 2201000-The distance between the most proximal end of the layer combiner 22 is 250-500mm, and the distance between the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 and the most distal end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is 1250-2500 mm;
the applicant finds out through experiments that when the cross flow speed of the membrane surface is more than 0.15m/s, the MBR membrane has the best anti-pollution performance. In combination with the operation stability of mechanical equipment, the swing frequency f of the double-layer combiner 2 is 0.2-0.8Hz, in order to achieve the best anti-pollution performance of the combiner, the swing speed v of the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the nearest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is preferably 0.15m/s, and the swing angle alpha of the double-layer combiner 2 is 11-43 degrees obtained through the formula (2);
the swing horizontal displacement L of the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is 475-1700mm obtained by the formula (3), and the ratio of the swing horizontal displacement L of the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double-layer combiner 2 to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 to the width W of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is further obtained to be 0.3:1-2: 1.
Further, according to the calculation of the above preferred conditions, the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double layer combiner 2 to the most proximal end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is 250mm, the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double layer combiner 2 to the most distal end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is 2500mm, the swing angle α of the double layer combiner 2 is 11 ° to 43 °, and the ratio of the swing horizontal displacement L of the fulcrum of the rotating shaft 10 in the double layer combiner 2 to the most distal end of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 to the width W of the upper layer combiner 21 or the lower layer combiner 22 is 0.3:1 to 2: 1.
In the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the double layer combiner 2 includes a first double layer combiner 23 and a plurality of second double layer combiners 24 (e.g., two second double layer combiners 24 in fig. 3). The first dual-layer set 23 and one second dual-layer set 24 adjacent thereto, and all the second dual-layer sets 24 are connected to each other by the second link 6.
The crank mechanism 3 includes:
a driving wheel 31 in driving connection with a motor 33; the side part of the axial end surface of the driving wheel is hinged with a driving handle 311;
and a first connecting rod 32, wherein one end of the first connecting rod 32 is hinged with the driving handle 311, and the other end is hinged with the second connecting rod 6 of the first double-layer combiner 23.
In this embodiment, the driving wheel 31, the driving handle 311, and the first link 32 form a crank structure, the motor 33 drives the driving wheel 31 to rotate, the first double-layer unit 23 is pulled by the first link 32, the second link 6 is pulled by the first double-layer unit 23, the first double-layer unit 23 is made to swing about its own rotation shaft 10, and the second double-layer unit 24 is further driven by the second link 6 to swing about its own rotation shaft 10.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in one particular form, the drive link 32 and the second link 6 are in a transverse arrangement. One end of the driving link 32 is connected to the driving wheel 31, and the other end is movably connected to the first frame 231 of the first double layer set 23, the first double layer set 23 is also movably connected to the second link 6 through the first frame 231 thereof, and the other end of the second link 6 is movably connected to the adjacent second double layer set 24. The connection mode and the activity principle of the other second duplex packet 24 are the same, and the detailed description is omitted here. The driving link 32 pulls the first double layer combiner 23 to swing by the frame 231 of the first double layer combiner 23, and pulls the other second double layer combiners 24 to swing together by the second link 6 and the second frames 241 of the other second double layer combiners 24. The first frame 231 and the second frame 241 may be connected to the driving link 32 or the second link 6 by a suitable portion, for example, a vertical rod may be provided.
The movable connection between the driving link 32 and the second link 6 and between the parts thereof in the above embodiment is realized by providing a knuckle bearing, so that each double-layer set can be moved sufficiently.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned crank mechanism configurations, the application types of the connection between the double-layer combiner and the crank mechanism, and the double-layer combiner are only examples, and other existing or future crank mechanism configurations and connection application types such as crank slider mechanisms, crank rockers, crank rocker mechanisms, knuckle bearings, etc. may be applied to the embodiments of the present invention, and are included in the scope of the present invention and are incorporated herein by reference.
In the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the membrane tank 1 further has a plurality of mounting platforms 9, each mounting platform 9 is fixedly connected to a side wall of the membrane tank 1 and is flush with each other, as shown in fig. 2, the mounting platforms 9 are arranged in pairs and respectively correspond to two sides of a rotating shaft 10 of each double-layer group device 2, and two ends of each rotating shaft 10 are respectively movably connected with one mounting platform 9.
The guiding and positioning mechanism comprises:
a plurality of guide rods 5 are arranged in pairs along the width direction of the membrane tank 1, each guide rod 5 is vertically arranged, and each guide rod 5 is connected with one mounting platform 9 and corresponds to one another; as shown in fig. 2, in order to make each pair of guide rods 5 level with each other (the axes thereof are in the same plane), the alignment can be realized in a manner that each guide rod 5 is attached to the side wall of the membrane tank 1 and one end of each guide rod is fixed to the mounting platform 9;
a plurality of guide members 8 and slide bearings 7, each of the guide members 8 being engaged with one of the guide bars 5, each of the slide bearings 7 being adapted to be engaged with a rotary shaft 10, the rotary shaft 10 being connected to the guide members 8 through the slide bearings 7. The sliding bearing 7 can be fixed to the rotating shaft 10 by a side shoulder and a side cotter or other bearing fixing methods.
Further, the guide member 8 is designed with a groove structure, and the guide member 8 is matched with the guide rod 5 through the groove structure, so that the guide member can vertically move along the surface of the guide rod 5. When the double layer set 2 is installed, the double layer set 2 moves to the installation platform 9 from top to bottom through the guide 8 and is stably seated on the installation platform 9 without additionally providing a connection part. In the present embodiment, the friction force to be overcome by the motor 33 is the friction force between the rotating shaft 10 and the sliding bearing 7.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described guiding installation application of the dual layer train 2 is only an example, and other existing or future guiding installation application types, such as sliding rails, sliding grooves, sliding blocks, etc., may be applied to the embodiments of the present invention, and are included in the scope of the present invention and are incorporated herein by reference.
Further, the guide member 8 and the sliding bearing 7 may be bolted together. Here, the connection is not limited to the bolt connection, but the sliding bearing 7 with a special-shaped structure which can play a guiding role can be directly welded or directly manufactured.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mounting platform 9 may be a mounting platform 9 preset in the membrane tank 1, for example, a horizontal pre-buried steel plate, and the upper planes of the steel plates on the mounting platforms 9 at the corresponding positions on both sides of the tank wall must be on the same horizontal plane. The corresponding position of the pool wall at the upper part of the platform can also be embedded with steel plates, and the two embedded steel plates are used for installing and fixing the guide rod 5.
The system provided by the invention has the following installation mode: reserving the position of the mounting platform 9 during the design of the membrane tank 1, and forming the membrane tank together during processing; firstly installing a guide rod 5 on an installation platform 9 of a finished membrane tank 1, wherein the joint end part of the guide rod 5 and the tank wall of the membrane tank 1 is fixed with the installation platform 9; the centers of two sides of the double-layer set device 2 extend out of the rotating shaft 10, and the rotating shafts 10 at two ends are provided with sliding bearings 7; connecting the guide 8 to the slide bearing 7; the double-layer set devices 2 with the second connecting rods 6 are hinged and connected in series, the double-layer set devices 2 slide into the membrane pool 1 from top to bottom through the groove structures of the guide pieces 8 and the occlusion guide rods 5 until the guide pieces 8 fall onto the mounting platform 9; the crank mechanism 3 and a double-layer packet device 2 are hinged through a first connecting rod 32, and the crank mechanism 3 is connected with a motor 33, so that the system is installed.
In the preferred embodiment provided by the present invention, the membrane tank 1 adopts an interconnected upper and lower double-layer region structure, which comprises:
the membrane separation area 11 with lower sludge concentration is used for accommodating the double-layer reactor 2;
the sludge settling zone 12 is positioned below the membrane separation zone 11, a large amount of sludge is refluxed in the settling zone, so that other pool-shaped structures which can form an upper partition and a lower partition can realize membrane separation in a lower sludge concentration zone, and a large amount of sludge is settled at the bottom and is refluxed by small flow.
The system provided by the invention is not limited to be applied to municipal sewage treatment to replace MBR, and also comprises solid-liquid separation and the like in other fields, such as anaerobic, coagulation, material concentration and other high solid content processes.
The invention also provides a plurality of embodiments, which exemplarily show the effects achieved by applying the system provided by the invention.
Example 1 (in municipal sewage, 80% energy saving):
in a certain municipal sewage treatment plant project, an MBR process is adopted, a swing type vibration set system is adopted in a solid-liquid separation part, the distance r from a central shaft of a double-layer set to the upper end and the lower end of a component ranges from 0.25m, a swing angle is 20 degrees, and a swing frequency f is 0.5 Hz. The total height of the membrane pool is 5.5m, the concentration of the mixed liquid entering the membrane pool at the front end is 4-6g/L, the sludge concentration of the membrane pool is 12g/L, the pressure difference change of the membrane pool after 10 months of operation is shown in figure 1, the flux is maintained at 24-30LMH, and the energy consumption of the membrane pool is 0.015KWh/m3Compared with the energy consumption of 0.1KWh/m of aeration MBR3And the saving is 85 percent.
Example 2 (in anaerobic environment, enhanced stain resistance):
in certain anaerobic MBR projects, membrane pollution control is performed in an anaerobic environment, air aeration is unavailable, and aeration operation by adopting inert gas and methane is difficult and high in cost. While the use of mechanical motion to control membrane fouling is preferred in anaerobic MBRs. Through adopting the pollution control means of this kind of form, adopt the membrane to carry out solid-liquid separation and replace the three-phase separator, the membrane cisterna adopts this membrane cisterna structure, membrane cisterna total height 4.5m, actuating system's frequency is 0.7Hz, the mixed liquor concentration that the front end got into the membrane cisterna is 10000mg/L, membrane separation zone sludge concentration is 4000mg/L, lower extreme settling zone sludge concentration is 25000mg/L, membrane cisterna anaerobic sludge 100% is held back, the slow anaerobic microorganism of growth proliferation has effectively been remain, accelerate the reactor and start and improve reactor efficiency. In the anaerobic system, the stable operation flux can reach 15-18 LMH.
Example 3 (in solid-liquid separation, contamination resistance enhancement):
in the coagulation-precipitation-ultrafiltration process, the pollution of the ultrafiltration membrane is controlled by adopting the mode, the total height of the membrane pool is 5.0m, the frequency of a driving system is 0.5Hz, the SS content entering the membrane pool from the front end is 100mg/L, the sludge concentration in an upper end membrane separation area is 50mg/L, the sludge concentration in a lower end sedimentation area is 1200mg/L, the stable operation flux of the membrane system is 30-45LMH, and the online maintainability cleaning period is two weeks. After the vibrating membrane separation system is adopted, the tolerant turbidity of the membrane pool can reach as high as 200NTU, and the pollution cleaning period of the system is doubled.
The above embodiments fully demonstrate that the following effects can be achieved with this kind of swing structure:
by adopting a swing type vibration assembly system and the structural design of the assembly with controllable cross flow speed, the membrane pollution rate is effectively reduced, and the system can stably run for a long time;
when an engineering project is carried out, the swinging structure can stably run without deflection and the like;
when the membrane operates at low sludge concentration, the operation flux of the membrane is obviously improved, and the energy consumption per ton of water is greatly reduced.
In summary, the energy-saving type vibration unit system provided by the invention includes a membrane pool, a plurality of double-layer unit, a driving device, a positioning mechanism and a controller. The plurality of double-layer reactors are positioned in the membrane pool and are connected in series; each double-layer combiner comprises an upper combiner and a lower combiner which are connected with each other, and rotating shafts are arranged at two ends of the middle part of the upper combiner and the lower combiner. The weights of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper are equal, and the lengths of the force arms of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper relative to the rotating shaft are equal. The driving device comprises a crank mechanism and a motor which are mutually in driving connection, and the crank mechanism is in driving connection with a double-layer combiner; the motor drives the double-layer packet devices to swing by taking the rotating shaft as the shaft through a crank mechanism. The controller is connected with the motor circuit, and the swing frequency of the double-layer combiner is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that liquid in the membrane pool generates rotary tangent flow on the membrane surface of the double-layer combiner. The system provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the oscillating type vibration set system is simple in structure, convenient to install and maintain, reasonable in design and low in energy consumption during vibration. The design form solves the problems of high precision of a mechanical structure, complex structure, high energy consumption and labor and time consumption in installation and maintenance of the traditional horizontal vibration group device system.
Because the overall structure adopts a swinging structural form, the rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the combiner, and the weight M of the combiner on two sides of the rotating shaft is equal, so the gravity F1 is F2. When the combiner swings at an angle alpha, the moment arms of the gravity centers on the two sides of the rotating shaft to the rotating shaft are respectively L1 and L2, L1 is equal to L2, and the moment T is equal to FL, so that the moments of the two sides of the rotating shaft to the rotating shaft are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the total rotating effect is zero. The torque provided by the motor only needs to overcome the friction between the rotating shaft and the sliding bearing and the resistance of water, so that the total energy consumption is smaller.
Parameters such as the swing angle, the swing frequency, the distance between the upper end and the lower end and the like are obtained according to the rotation condition, the mechanical calculation and the design optimization of key parameters of membrane pollution control, and when the combiner swings at a certain speed, a rotary tangent flow is generated on the membrane surface. Therefore, in the membrane filtration process, solid particles deposited on the membrane surface can be taken away by the rotating fluid in time, so that the thickness of a mud cake layer is effectively reduced, the chance of blocking holes by the particles is reduced, the membrane pollution control effect is obviously enhanced, and the long-term stability of the operation of the membrane system is improved.
The unique group device structure can save 50% of the energy consumption of MBR system control membrane pollution, can realize high-efficiency control membrane pollution in an anaerobic environment, is durable for a long time, can effectively recover or discharge concentrated solution, and can be applied to solid-liquid separation in special environments. Such as: use of a membrane separation system in an anaerobic, anoxic environment; the solid-liquid separation efficiency of the coagulating sedimentation; and (5) separating the special materials.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the figures are merely schematic representations of one embodiment, and the blocks or flow diagrams in the figures are not necessarily required to practice the present invention.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, they are described in relative terms, as long as they are described in partial descriptions of method embodiments. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus and system are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. An energy-saving vibration group device system is characterized by comprising a membrane pool, a plurality of double-layer group devices, a driving device, a guide positioning mechanism and a controller;
each double-layer combiner comprises an upper layer combiner and a lower layer combiner which are connected with each other, and a rotating shaft is arranged between the upper layer combiner and the lower layer combiner; the guide positioning mechanism is matched with the rotating shaft of the double-layer set device, and the double-layer set devices are mutually and serially arranged in the membrane pool through the guide positioning mechanism; the weights of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper are equal, and the lengths of the force arms of the upper layer grouper and the lower layer grouper relative to the rotating shaft are equal;
the driving device comprises a crank mechanism and a motor which are in driving connection with each other, and the crank mechanism is connected with one double-layer packet device through a connecting rod structure; the motor drives the double-layer packet devices to swing by taking the rotating shaft as a shaft through the crank mechanism;
the controller is connected with a motor circuit, and the swing frequency of the double-layer set is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the motor, so that liquid in the membrane pool generates rotary tangent flow on the membrane surface of the double-layer set.
2. The energy efficient vibratory group system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said shaft is within said dual group machineThe distance from the fulcrum to the nearest end of the upper layer group device or the lower layer group device is of a passing type
Figure FDA0002954528940000011
Obtaining;
the swing speed passing type from the pivot of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the nearest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner
Figure FDA0002954528940000012
Obtaining;
the swinging horizontal displacement from the pivot of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is obtained by the formula L ═ Rsin alpha (3);
wherein h is the membrane tank height, R0The height of the upper layer set or the lower layer set is determined, R is the distance from a fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double layer set to the nearest end of the upper layer set or the lower layer set, alpha is the swing angle of the double layer set, f is the swing frequency of the double layer set, R is the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double layer set to the farthest end of the upper layer set or the lower layer set, and W is the width of the upper layer set or the lower layer set.
3. The energy-saving vibration group system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the height of the membrane pool is 3500-6000mm, the heights of the upper layer group device and the lower layer group device are 1000-2000m, respectively, the width of the upper layer group device or the lower layer group device is 850-1500mm, and the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double layer group device to the most proximal end of the upper layer group device or the lower layer group device is 250-500mm, and the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double layer group device to the most distal end of the upper layer group device or the lower layer group device is 1250-2500mm are obtained by the formula (1);
the swinging speed of the rotating shaft from a fulcrum in the double-layer combiner to the nearest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 0.15m/s, the swinging frequency of the double-layer combiner is 0.2-0.8Hz, and the swinging angle of the double-layer combiner is 11-43 degrees obtained through a formula (2);
and obtaining that the swinging horizontal displacement from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 475-1700mm through a formula (3), and further obtaining that the ratio of the swinging horizontal displacement from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the farthest end of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner to the width of the upper layer combiner or the lower layer combiner is 0.3:1-2: 1.
4. The energy-saving vibration combiner system according to claim 3, wherein the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the most proximal end of the upper-layer combiner or the lower-layer combiner is 250mm, and the distance from the fulcrum of the rotating shaft in the double-layer combiner to the most distal end of the upper-layer combiner or the lower-layer combiner is 2500 mm.
5. The energy-saving vibration combiner system according to claim 1, wherein the double-layer combiner comprises a first double-layer combiner and a plurality of second double-layer combiners, the first double-layer combiner is connected with an adjacent one of the second double-layer combiners, and the plurality of second double-layer combiners are connected with each other through a second connecting rod;
the crank mechanism includes:
the driving wheel is in driving connection with the motor, and a driving handle is hinged to the side part of the driving wheel;
the first connecting rod is hinged with the driving handle through one end, and the other end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the first combiner;
the motor drives the first double-layer set device to swing through the driving wheel, the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod of the first double-layer set device, and drives the second double-layer set device to swing through the third connecting rod and the second connecting rod of the second double-layer set device.
6. The energy efficient vibratory group system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said membrane tank further has a plurality of mounting platforms, each of said mounting platforms being fixedly attached to a side wall of said membrane tank and being flush with each other;
the guiding and positioning mechanism comprises:
each guide rod is vertically arranged and is attached to the wall of the membrane tank, and each guide rod is connected with one mounting platform;
the guide rod is used for guiding the rotating shaft, and the sliding bearings are used for being matched with the guide rod.
7. The energy efficient vibration stack system of claim 6 wherein said guide member is designed with a groove structure for mating with said guide bar such that said guide member is vertically movable along said guide bar surface.
8. The energy efficient vibration stack system of claim 6 wherein said slide bearing and said guide are bolted to each other.
9. The energy efficient vibratory group system of claim 6 wherein the mounting platform is a horizontally disposed steel plate.
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