CN113018751A - Special extinguishing agent for lithium metal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special extinguishing agent for lithium metal and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113018751A CN113018751A CN202110300982.6A CN202110300982A CN113018751A CN 113018751 A CN113018751 A CN 113018751A CN 202110300982 A CN202110300982 A CN 202110300982A CN 113018751 A CN113018751 A CN 113018751A
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- lithium metal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent formulas, in particular to a fire extinguishing agent special for metal lithium and a preparation method thereof2O3The preparation method has excellent heat insulation and mass insulation effects, so that the fire extinguishing of the combustion of the lithium metal is more efficient and stable, in the preparation method, the boric acid and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate are independently subjected to freeze drying, and other components are subjected to heating drying, so that the sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the boric acid can be better mixed to play a better synergistic effect, and the boric acid is prevented from being heated and converted into pyroboric acid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent formulas, in particular to a special fire extinguishing agent for lithium metal and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium metal reacts with oxygen at a temperature of over 100 ℃ to generate lithium oxide, the lithium oxide is flammable and has a combustion intensity higher than that of common alkali metals, and the lithium metal reacts with concrete or other moisture-containing materials violently at a high temperature to release hydrogen and air to form an explosive mixture, and reacts with halogen, sulfur and phosphorus violently to cause combustion.
In the prior art, the fire extinguishing agent used for burning the lithium metal is generally a conventional class D fire extinguishing agent, such as 7150 fire extinguishing agent, but the fire extinguishing efficiency of the fire extinguishing agent used for burning the lithium metal still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to improve the fire extinguishing efficiency for the combustion of the lithium metal.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention relates to a special fire extinguishing agent for lithium metal, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
modifying sodium chloride;
the core layer of the modified sodium chloride is 65-70 parts of sodium chloride particles with the particle size of less than 20 mu m, the outer coating layer is 250-300nm thick, and the outer coating layer is formed by mixing 20-30 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 10-15 parts of surfactant F127;
25-30 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
4-6 parts of boric acid;
5-8 parts of diatomite;
1-2 parts of potassium chloride;
1-2 parts of mica;
6-7 parts of sodium stearate.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing modified sodium chloride, diatomite, potassium chloride, mica and sodium stearate in a pressure airflow higher than 1.3MPa to obtain a first component;
step 2: heating and drying the first component, and cooling to 20-25 ℃;
and step 3: uniformly mixing boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a pressure air flow higher than 1.5MPa to obtain a second component;
and 4, step 4: freeze-drying the second component, and heating to 20-25 deg.C;
and 5: and uniformly mixing the dried first component and the freeze-dried second component in a pressure air flow higher than 1.6MPa to obtain the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a special fire extinguishing agent raw material for lithium metal, which utilizes modified chlorineSodium oxide and other substances are combusted on the surface of the lithium metal to form an oxide film, the formation of the oxide film can be promoted under the combined action of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid in a specific proportion, the decomposition of an oxidation passivation film is slowed down, the oxidation passivation film can stably block the outside air, the lithium metal is prevented from being continuously combusted, the aim of more efficiently extinguishing a fire is fulfilled, and B decomposed after the boric acid is combusted2O3The preparation method has excellent heat insulation and mass insulation effects, so that the fire extinguishing of the combustion of the lithium metal is more efficient and stable, in the preparation method, the boric acid and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate are independently subjected to freeze drying, and other components are subjected to heating drying, so that the sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the boric acid can be better mixed to play a better synergistic effect, and the boric acid is prevented from being heated and converted into pyroboric acid.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The invention relates to a special fire extinguishing agent for lithium metal, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
modifying sodium chloride;
the core layer of the modified sodium chloride is 65-70 parts of sodium chloride particles with the particle size of less than 20 mu m, the outer coating layer is 250-300nm thick, and the outer coating layer is formed by mixing 20-30 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 10-15 parts of surfactant F127;
25-30 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
4-6 parts of boric acid;
5-8 parts of diatomite;
1-2 parts of potassium chloride;
1-2 parts of mica;
6-7 parts of sodium stearate.
In the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for the metal lithium, substances such as modified sodium chloride and the like are combusted on the surface of the metal lithium to form an oxide film, the formation of the oxide film can be promoted under the combined action of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid in a specific proportion, the decomposition of an oxidation passivation film is slowed down, the oxide passivation film can stably block outside air, the metal lithium is prevented from being continuously combusted, and the purpose of more efficient fire extinguishing is achievedLiberated B2O3Has excellent heat and mass insulation effects, thereby being more efficient and stable for extinguishing the fire caused by the combustion of the lithium metal,
furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for the lithium metal, the particle size of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate is less than 20 μm.
Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for the lithium metal, the particle size of the boric acid is less than 20 μm.
Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for the lithium metal, the particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is less than 15 nm.
Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for the lithium metal, the particle size of the mica is less than 20 μm.
Furthermore, in the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for the lithium metal, the particle size of the diatomite is less than 20 μm.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing modified sodium chloride, diatomite, potassium chloride, mica and sodium stearate in a pressure airflow higher than 1.3MPa to obtain a first component;
step 2: heating and drying the first component, and cooling to 20-25 ℃;
and step 3: uniformly mixing boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a pressure air flow higher than 1.5MPa to obtain a second component;
and 4, step 4: freeze-drying the second component, and heating to 20-25 deg.C;
and 5: and uniformly mixing the dried first component and the freeze-dried second component in a pressure air flow higher than 1.6MPa to obtain the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent.
In the preparation method, the boric acid and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate are independently subjected to freeze drying, and other components are subjected to heating drying, so that the sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the boric acid can be better mixed to play a better synergistic effect on one hand, and the boric acid is prevented from being converted into pyroboric acid by heating on the other hand.
Further, the step 2 specifically comprises: the first component was heated in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ and 110 ℃ for 2 h.
Example 1
The special fire extinguishing agent for the metal lithium is prepared from the following raw materials in kg by weight:
modifying sodium chloride;
the core layer of the modified sodium chloride is 65-70kg of sodium chloride particles with the particle size of less than 20 mu m, the outer coating layer is 270nm thick and is formed by mixing 25kg of nano silicon dioxide and 12kg of surfactant F127;
27kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
5kg of boric acid;
6kg of diatomaceous earth;
1.5kg of potassium chloride;
1.5kg of mica;
6.5kg of sodium stearate.
The preparation method of the special fire extinguishing agent for the lithium metal comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing modified sodium chloride, diatomite, potassium chloride, mica and sodium stearate in a pressure airflow higher than 1.3MPa to obtain a first component;
step 2: heating the first component in a vacuum drying furnace at 105 ℃ for 2 h;
and step 3: uniformly mixing boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a pressure air flow higher than 1.5MPa to obtain a second component;
and 4, step 4: freeze-drying the second component and heating to 22 deg.C;
and 5: and uniformly mixing the dried first component and the freeze-dried second component in a pressure air flow higher than 1.6MPa to obtain the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent.
Example 2
The special fire extinguishing agent for the metal lithium is prepared from the following raw materials in kg by weight:
modifying sodium chloride;
the core layer of the modified sodium chloride is 65kg of sodium chloride particles with the particle size of less than 20 mu m, the outer coating layer is 250nm thick and is formed by mixing 20kg of nano silicon dioxide and 10kg of surfactant F127;
25kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
4kg of boric acid;
5kg of diatomaceous earth;
1kg of potassium chloride;
1kg of mica;
6kg of sodium stearate.
The preparation method of the special fire extinguishing agent for the lithium metal comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing modified sodium chloride, diatomite, potassium chloride, mica and sodium stearate in a pressure airflow higher than 1.3MPa to obtain a first component;
step 2: heating the first component in a vacuum drying furnace at 100 ℃ for 2 hours;
and step 3: uniformly mixing boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a pressure air flow higher than 1.5MPa to obtain a second component;
and 4, step 4: freeze-drying the second component and heating to 20 deg.C;
and 5: and uniformly mixing the dried first component and the freeze-dried second component in a pressure air flow higher than 1.6MPa to obtain the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent.
Example 3
The special fire extinguishing agent for the metal lithium is prepared from the following raw materials in kg by weight:
modifying sodium chloride;
the core layer of the modified sodium chloride is 70kg of sodium chloride particles with the particle size of less than 20 mu m, the outer coating layer is 300nm thick and is formed by mixing 30kg of nano silicon dioxide and 15kg of surfactant F127;
30kg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
6kg of boric acid;
8kg of diatomaceous earth;
2kg of potassium chloride;
2kg of mica;
7kg of sodium stearate.
The preparation method of the special fire extinguishing agent for the lithium metal comprises the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing modified sodium chloride, diatomite, potassium chloride, mica and sodium stearate in a pressure airflow higher than 1.3MPa to obtain a first component;
step 2: heating the first component in a vacuum drying furnace at 110 ℃ for 2 h;
and step 3: uniformly mixing boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a pressure air flow higher than 1.5MPa to obtain a second component;
and 4, step 4: freeze-drying the second component and heating to 25 deg.C;
and 5: and uniformly mixing the dried first component and the freeze-dried second component in a pressure air flow higher than 1.6MPa to obtain the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent.
Comparative example
A commercially available 7150 fire extinguisher.
The fire extinguishing agent for lithium metal obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 and the commercially available 7150 fire extinguishing agent were subjected to an experiment:
the extinguishing agent exclusively used for lithium metal obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the extinguishing agent 7150 obtained in the above were charged into a fire extinguisher, respectively, the lithium metal was equally divided into 4kg, and 4kg of lithium metal was ignited, and simultaneously the extinguishing agent exclusively used for lithium metal obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the extinguishing agent 7150 obtained in examples 3 were sprayed on the surface of the ignited lithium metal by opening the valve of the fire extinguisher, respectively, and the change of the fire behavior of the lithium metal was observed.
In the experimental results, the extinguishing agent special for lithium metal obtained in examples 1 to 3 and the extinguishing agent 7150 both successfully extinguish fire, but the volume of the extinguishing agent sprayed for extinguishing fire was different, and the ratio of the consumption (volume) of the extinguishing agent in examples 1, 2, 3 and 7150 was approximately 1.6: 1.8: 1.7: 4.3 by calculating the consumption volume of each extinguishing agent.
It can be seen that although the fire extinguishing agent 7150 prepared in examples 1 to 3, which is exclusively used for lithium metal, can successfully extinguish fire of lithium metal on fire, the consumption of the fire extinguishing agent 7150 related to the present application is significantly less than that of the commercially available 7150 fire extinguishing agent.
In summary, in the fire extinguishing agent raw material special for metal lithium provided by the invention, substances such as modified sodium chloride and the like are combusted on the surface of the metal lithium to form an oxide film, the formation of the oxide film can be promoted through the combined action of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid in a specific proportion, the decomposition of an oxidation passivation film is slowed down, the oxidation passivation film can stably block outside air, the metal lithium is prevented from being continuously combusted, and the purpose of more efficient fire extinguishing is achieved2O3The preparation method has excellent heat insulation and mass insulation effects, so that the fire extinguishing of the combustion of the lithium metal is more efficient and stable, in the preparation method, the boric acid and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate are independently subjected to freeze drying, and other components are subjected to heating drying, so that the sodium dihydrogen phosphate and the boric acid can be better mixed to play a better synergistic effect, and the boric acid is prevented from being heated and converted into pyroboric acid.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The special fire extinguishing agent for the lithium metal is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
modifying sodium chloride;
the core layer of the modified sodium chloride is 65-70 parts of sodium chloride particles with the particle size of less than 20 mu m, the outer coating layer is 250-300nm thick, and the outer coating layer is formed by mixing 20-30 parts of nano silicon dioxide and 10-15 parts of surfactant F127;
25-30 parts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
4-6 parts of boric acid;
5-8 parts of diatomite;
1-2 parts of potassium chloride;
1-2 parts of mica;
6-7 parts of sodium stearate.
2. The fire extinguishing agent special for lithium metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the sodium dihydrogen phosphate is less than 20 μm.
3. Fire extinguishing agent specific to lithium metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the boric acid has a particle size of less than 20 μm.
4. Fire extinguishing agent specific to lithium metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the nanosilica has a particle size of less than 15 nm.
5. Fire extinguishing agent specific to lithium metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the mica is less than 20 μm.
6. Fire extinguishing agent specific to lithium metal according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the diatomaceous earth is less than 20 μ ι η.
7. The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent special for the lithium metal according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: uniformly mixing modified sodium chloride, diatomite, potassium chloride, mica and sodium stearate in a pressure airflow higher than 1.3MPa to obtain a first component;
step 2: heating and drying the first component, and cooling to 20-25 ℃;
and step 3: uniformly mixing boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in a pressure air flow higher than 1.5MPa to obtain a second component;
and 4, step 4: freeze-drying the second component, and heating to 20-25 deg.C;
and 5: and uniformly mixing the dried first component and the freeze-dried second component in a pressure air flow higher than 1.6MPa to obtain the special lithium metal fire extinguishing agent.
8. The method for preparing the extinguishing agent special for lithium metal according to claim 7, wherein the step 2 is specifically: the first component was heated in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ and 110 ℃ for 2 h.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110300982.6A CN113018751A (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | Special extinguishing agent for lithium metal and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110300982.6A CN113018751A (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | Special extinguishing agent for lithium metal and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB1076782A (en) * | 1963-02-19 | 1967-07-19 | Nu Swift Internat Ltd | Improvements in or relating to fire extinguishing compositions |
| US3621917A (en) * | 1968-04-30 | 1971-11-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of extinguishing liquid hydrocarbon fires and composition therefor comprising silicone surfactants |
| CN1894005A (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2007-01-10 | 尹旭烈 | Composition for action of resist-fire and fire-extinguishing |
| CN103638628A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-19 | 山东环绿康新材料科技有限公司 | Application of compound type D-class dry powder extinguishing agent in fire disaster of lithium metal and derivative thereof |
| CN103751940A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 山东环绿康新材料科技有限公司 | Application of multielement class-D dry powder extinguishing agent in extinguishment of metallic magnesium and metallic sodium fires |
| CN107252538A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-10-17 | 四川省科拓梦无人机科技有限公司 | A kind of extinguishing chemical with ultra-fine hydrophobic particles |
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2021
- 2021-03-22 CN CN202110300982.6A patent/CN113018751A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1076782A (en) * | 1963-02-19 | 1967-07-19 | Nu Swift Internat Ltd | Improvements in or relating to fire extinguishing compositions |
| US3621917A (en) * | 1968-04-30 | 1971-11-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Method of extinguishing liquid hydrocarbon fires and composition therefor comprising silicone surfactants |
| CN1894005A (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2007-01-10 | 尹旭烈 | Composition for action of resist-fire and fire-extinguishing |
| CN103638628A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-19 | 山东环绿康新材料科技有限公司 | Application of compound type D-class dry powder extinguishing agent in fire disaster of lithium metal and derivative thereof |
| CN103751940A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-30 | 山东环绿康新材料科技有限公司 | Application of multielement class-D dry powder extinguishing agent in extinguishment of metallic magnesium and metallic sodium fires |
| CN107252538A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-10-17 | 四川省科拓梦无人机科技有限公司 | A kind of extinguishing chemical with ultra-fine hydrophobic particles |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 崔飞等: "磷酸二氢铵与硼酸对木材的阻燃和抑烟作用", 《消防科学与技术》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210625 |
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