CN113016827B - 一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113016827B
CN113016827B CN202110069079.3A CN202110069079A CN113016827B CN 113016827 B CN113016827 B CN 113016827B CN 202110069079 A CN202110069079 A CN 202110069079A CN 113016827 B CN113016827 B CN 113016827B
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时鹏涛
秦玉燕
王运儒
蒋越华
李鸿
杜国冬
林鹰
甘志勇
吕玉莲
陆仲烟
李冬桂
欧克纬
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Abstract

本发明提供一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂,包含如下重量百分含量的成分：纳米糖醇钙1‑10％、橙皮精油0.05‑0.5％、水补足100％；本发明所述的叶面阻控剂用于降低稻米镉含量。

Description

一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于农业领域，具体涉及一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂及其应用
背景技术
耕地是食品安全的基础和保障，具有不可替代的生产和生态功能，对生物多样性的保护起到至关重要的作用。然而目前，耕地面临土地污染加重、优质耕地减少、土壤退化日益突出等问题，严重制约着耕地质量。耕地的污染直接影响到整个农业生态系统的结构和功能以及生态平衡，耕地中的重金属、有机污染物和放射性核素等有害物质既可导致农作物减产和农产品品质下降，又可通过食物链危害人体健康，引发癌症或其他疾病。
目前重金属污染问题日益突出，土壤重金属污染具有长期性、隐蔽性、累积性等特点。水稻吸收的镉可能通过食物链进入人体，严重危害人体健康。通过调查发现，食用镉超标的大米是人体内镉的主要来源。可见Cd污染稻田的治理迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种能够显著降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂，所述叶面阻控剂可以实现重金属镉污染农田的安全生产。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂，具体技术方案如下：
一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂,包含如下重量百分含量的成分：纳米糖醇钙1-10％、橙皮精油0.05-0.5％、水补足100％。
作为本发明优选的技术方案，所述的叶面阻控剂包含如下重量百分含量的成分：纳米糖醇钙5％、橙皮精油0.1％、水补足100％；特别需要说明的是，当所述含量为上述具体的配伍时，对镉处理的技术效果是出人意料的，其去除效果最佳。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种叶面阻控剂用于降低稻米镉含量的用途。
本发明的另一目的还在于提供一种降低稻米镉含量的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：在水稻抽穗期和灌浆期对水稻喷施分别施用本发明的页面阻控剂。
作为本发明的一个较佳的实施例，所述叶面阻控剂使用剂量 40-60L/亩，优选的叶面阻控剂使用剂量50L/亩。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
叶面阻控剂中钙肥的形式对水稻乳熟期不同部位Cd的含量的降低率有显著影响；与硝酸钙相比，纳米糖醇钙可以显著降低水稻植株 Cd的含量；橙皮精油对纳米糖醇钙作用的发挥起到很强的促进作用。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明
实施例1橙皮精油提取方法
精确称取阴干25-35d的橙皮，取切成直径为6-10mm颗粒，添加 NaCl固体盐，用水蒸气蒸馏法提取橙皮精油；其中提取时间 80-100min，橙皮与水的质量比例为2∶1-1∶2，水蒸气流量为 500-700mL，NaCl固体盐的添加量为橙皮量的2-3％。
实施例2叶面阻控剂对水稻镉含量的影响
测试方法：采用盆栽试验，在广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所温室中进行。将某冶炼厂旁试验田镉中度污染的供试土壤自然阴干后，去除草根、石头等杂物，碾碎过筛后装盆。每盆(30cm高×25cm内径)装约7.5kg土壤，混入NPK肥淹水2周待用，各处理所施NPK比例为1:0.5:1。将长势相同的早稻秧苗移栽，移栽秧龄为5-6叶期，每盆3穴，每穴3颗。水稻全生育期定时定量灌水，土面保持3-5cm 水层。水稻盆随机放置于温室，每周随机旋转盆的方向及位置。
抽穗期和灌浆期是水稻生长的关键节点，在抽穗期和灌浆期对水稻喷施各一次，具体药剂配方如下，对照组喷施相同量的清水，每个处理重复3次。用手持水壶均匀地喷洒在叶片上，使所有的叶片湿润而不滴落。
表1叶面阻控剂配方
Figure BDA0002905341610000041
分析测定：
乳熟期和成熟期采集植株样品，水稻样品采集后，用自来水洗净泥土，并分为根、茎、叶、穗、谷粒等部位，根据常规农业生产习惯，将谷粒样品置于室外阳光下晒干，其他部位样品皆装入编号信封置于 103℃烘箱内杀青1h，调至65℃烘至恒重后，再称取和记录各部位样品的干重，晒干谷粒用糙米机和精米机再细分为谷壳、糙米和精米，然后用植物粉碎机粉碎植物样品后，装入密封袋保存待用。水稻样品经混合酸(HNO3∶HClO4＝4∶1)湿法消解、定容后用原子吸收分光光度计-火焰法(TAS-990，北京普析)测Cd浓度。
测定结果：
表2水稻植株不同部位Cd的含量比较mg/kg
处理 根 减低率％ 茎 减低率％ 叶 减低率％ 穗 减低率％
1 115.32 18.83a 25.05 34.51a 8.37 39.57a 3.05 63.43a
2 128.44 9.60b 29.54 22.77b 9.64 30.40b 3.45 58.63b
3 135.25 4.81c 33.44 12.58c 10.94 21.01c 4.75 43.05c
4 141.84 0.17d 38.13 0.31d 13.55 2.17d 8.04 3.60d
CK 142.08 - 38.25 - 13.85 - 8.34 -
与CK相比，配方1对水稻乳熟期根、茎、叶、穗的降低率分别为 18.83％、34.51％、39.57％、63.43％；配方2对水稻乳熟期根、茎、叶、穗的降低率分别为9.60％、22.77％、30.40％、58.63％。配方1和配方 2比较发现，叶面阻控剂中钙肥的形式对水稻乳熟期不同部位Cd的含量的降低率有显著影响。配方1与配方3、配方4相比发现，橙皮精油对纳米糖醇钙作用的发挥起到很强的促进作用；其中配方3水稻乳熟期根、茎、叶、穗的降低率仅分别为4.81％、12.58％、21.01％、 43.05％；配方4中橙皮精油对水稻中镉含量的降低作用可忽略不计。
表3水稻谷粒部分Cd的含量比较mg/kg
Figure BDA0002905341610000051
Figure BDA0002905341610000061
与CK相比，配方1对水稻谷壳、糙米、精米的降低率分别为63.87％、 37.99％和61.68；配方2对水稻谷壳、糙米、精米的降低率分别为分别为52.10％、27.31％、52.10％。配方1和配方2比较发现，叶面阻控剂中钙肥的形式对水稻谷粒部分Cd的含量的降低率有显著影响。配方1与配方3、配方4相比发现，橙皮精油对纳米糖醇钙作用的发挥起到很强的促进作用。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，对于本领域技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原料的前提下，可以做适当的改进，这些改进也在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种降低稻米镉含量的叶面阻控剂,其特征在于，包含如下重量百分含量的成分：纳米糖醇钙1-10%、橙皮精油0.05-0.5%、水补足100%；
所述橙皮精油的提取方法为：精确称取阴干25-35d的橙皮，取切成直径为6-10mm颗粒，添加NaCl固体盐，用水蒸气蒸馏法提取橙皮精油；其中提取时间80-100min，橙皮与水的质量比例为2∶1-1∶2，水蒸气流量为500-700mL，NaCl固体盐的添加量为橙皮量的2-3%。
2.如权利要求1所述的叶面阻控剂，其特征在于，包含如下重量百分含量的成分：纳米糖醇钙5%、橙皮精油0.1%、水补足100%。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的叶面阻控剂用于降低稻米镉含量的用途。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途，其特征在于，在抽穗期和灌浆期对水稻喷施各一次。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用途，其特征在于，叶面阻控剂使用剂量40-60L/亩。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途，其特征在于，叶面阻控剂使用剂量50L/亩。
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