CN113014548A - Data transmission communication method and system based on Internet of things - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/06—Notations for structuring of protocol data, e.g. abstract syntax notation one [ASN.1]
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- G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
- G16Y10/00—Economic sectors
- G16Y10/75—Information technology; Communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers
Abstract
The invention provides a data transmission communication method and a system thereof based on the Internet of things, wherein the method comprises the following steps: presetting a key value pair table, wherein the key value pair table records the corresponding relation between a user-defined field and a communication data name; the first Internet of things equipment generates a communication message according to the key value pair table and sends the communication message to the second Internet of things equipment, wherein the communication message comprises a packet header and a data packet, the packet header comprises a message category, and the data packet comprises communication data and a message serial number; the second networking equipment analyzes the communication message according to the key value pair table; the second Internet of things equipment generates a response message according to the analysis result and the key value pair table and sends the response message to the first Internet of things equipment, the message type in the packet head of the response message is response, and the message serial number in the data packet is consistent with the message serial number in the received communication message; the message sequence numbers in the communication messages are increased in comparison with the generation sequence of the communication messages. The invention can unify the butt joint work of the Internet of things equipment, reduce the butt joint complexity and the butt joint cost and improve the butt joint efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Internet of things, in particular to a data transmission communication method and a data transmission communication system based on the Internet of things.
Background
With the progress of the times and the development of technologies, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G communication are more and more widely applied to the internet of things. In the era of internet of things, the number of butted internet of things devices is infinite, but no unified standard exists. Therefore, when the Internet of things equipment is in butt joint, the method is suitable for various acquisition element data, and is complex in butt joint, large in workload and low in efficiency;
therefore, a new transmission docking method is needed, which reduces the docking complexity and the docking cost and improves the docking efficiency by unifying the docking operations of the internet of things devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the data transmission communication method and system based on the Internet of things can unify the butt joint work of the equipment of the Internet of things, reduce the butt joint complexity and the butt joint cost and improve the butt joint efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the data transmission communication method based on the Internet of things comprises the following steps:
presetting a key value pair table, wherein the key value pair table records the corresponding relation between a user-defined field and a communication data name;
the first Internet of things equipment generates a communication message according to the key value pair table and sends the communication message to the second Internet of things equipment, wherein the communication message comprises a packet header and a data packet, the packet header comprises a message category, and the data packet comprises communication data and a message serial number;
the second networking equipment analyzes the communication message according to the key value pair table;
the second Internet of things equipment generates a response message according to the analysis result and the key value pair table and sends the response message to the first Internet of things equipment, the message type in the packet head of the response message is response, and the message serial number in the data packet is consistent with the message serial number in the received communication message;
the message sequence numbers in the communication messages are increased in comparison with the generation sequence of the communication messages.
Further, the communication data takes a self-defined field of a corresponding key value table as a key and takes specific communication data as a value;
the message sequence number takes the self-defined field of the corresponding key value table as a key and takes the specific message sequence number as a value.
Further, the communication message comprises an identity message and a data message;
when the communication message is an identity reporting message, the message type in the packet header corresponds to the identity reporting, and the communication data is the unique equipment identifier of the first internet of things equipment;
and when the communication message is a data message, the message type in the packet header corresponds to data.
Further, the method further comprises:
the second networking equipment generates a data message according to the key value pair table and sends the data message to the first networking equipment, and communication data in the data message generated by the second networking equipment is a control instruction element value;
and the first Internet of things equipment analyzes the received communication message according to the key value pair table and returns a response message to the second Internet of things equipment.
Further, the method further comprises:
the first Internet of things equipment periodically sends an identity reporting message to the second Internet of things equipment.
Further, the message sequence numbers in the communication messages are counted again from the beginning after reaching a preset maximum value.
Further, both the communication packet and the response packet further include a check code and an end identifier.
The invention provides another technical scheme as follows:
the data transmission communication system based on the Internet of things comprises a first Internet of things device and a second Internet of things device; the first internet of things device comprises a first computer readable storage medium and a first computer program thereon; the second networked device includes a second computer readable storage medium and a second computer program thereon;
the first computer program, when being executed by a processor, is capable of implementing the steps executed by a first internet-of-things device in the internet-of-things-based data transmission communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
the second computer program, when being executed by a processor, can implement the content of the steps executed by the second networked device in the data transmission communication method based on internet of things according to any one of the above claims 1 to 7.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the data interaction protocol implemented on an application layer is further packaged on a UDP (user datagram protocol) or TCP (transmission control protocol) protocol without depending on a specific physical communication mode, is particularly suitable for communication transmission among the Internet of things equipment, can unify the butt joint work of the Internet of things equipment, and reduces the butt joint complexity and the butt joint cost, thereby improving the butt joint efficiency. Specifically, the invention standardizes the composition content and format of the message used in the communication of the Internet of things equipment. Especially, a key value table recorded with the corresponding relation between the self-defined field and the communication data name is preset, and the data packet in the message is required to be assembled according to the definition of the key value table, so that a unified standard is provided for organizing the data packet and analyzing the data packet. Correspondingly, when the internet of things equipment analyzes the message, the message can be quickly and efficiently analyzed through a table look-up mechanism, and an analysis result is obtained. Therefore, the method unifies the definition rules of the equipment docking of the Internet of things, standardizes and simplifies the docking work, thereby realizing the reduction of the docking complexity and the docking cost and obviously improving the efficiency of the equipment docking of the Internet of things.
In addition, a response mechanism is further arranged in the Internet of things equipment docking process to ensure correct transmission of data; and message serial numbers are set in the messages, the sequence of data transmission is ensured through a serial number mechanism, the messages are ensured to be processed in order, and the occurrence of communication errors is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a data transmission protocol according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a layer level of the data transmission protocol of FIG. 1 applied to device interaction in the Internet of things;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission communication method based on the internet of things according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an interaction diagram of communication transmission between devices of the internet of things in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the invention provides a data transmission communication method based on the internet of things, which is suitable for data transmission communication of devices of the internet of things.
As shown in fig. 3, the method may include the steps of:
s1: presetting a key value table, wherein the table records the corresponding relation between the self-defined field code and the communication data name.
The key value table is also called a key-value table, and is referred to as a kv table in this embodiment. The kv table includes custom field codes and their corresponding communication data names and descriptions. Wherein, all field codes are not repeated, and all communication data related to the equipment transmission are defined in the table; meanwhile, the user-defined expansion of the table content is supported according to the data transmission requirement of the equipment. Through the key value pair table, the definition rules of the butt joint of the equipment of the Internet of things can be unified, and the butt joint work is standardized.
The following table one is a specific example of the kv table:
watch 1
S2: the first Internet of things equipment generates a communication message according to the key value pair table and sends the communication message to the second Internet of things equipment, wherein the communication message comprises a packet header and a data packet, the packet header comprises a message category, and the data packet comprises communication data and a message sequence number.
Specifically, when the first internet of things device and the second internet of things device have communication transmission requirements, the first internet of things device generates a specific communication message according to the definition in the kv table. In this embodiment, the generated communication packet at least includes: a packet header and a data packet body (i.e., a data packet). Wherein, the packet header is recorded with the message type; the data packet comprises communication data and a message serial number; and the data formats of the packet header and the data packet both adopt a key value pair format.
The packet type is used to identify the type of the current packet, which can be understood as the usage of the current packet. In this embodiment, there are at least three types of messages, which are respectively identity, data, and response. The identity reporting message is used for equipment to report identity; the data message is used for equipment to transmit specific communication data; the reply type message is used for the device response. In the communication protocol of this embodiment, the messages of the identity and the data type are collectively referred to as communication messages. The determination process of the message category of the message is as follows: predefining field codes (such as p) of message types and field codes (such as h corresponding to a message identity type, d corresponding to a data type and r corresponding to a response type) of various specific message types; when the device generates the message, the content of the message category in the packet header of the message is clearly defined by contrast.
As a specific example of the packet type, in the packet header, p-h, p-d, and p-r are used to respectively indicate that the packet type is a packet identity, the packet type is data, and the packet type is a response. For example, the packet type in the header of the data packet is "p ═ d".
The contents of the communication data and the message sequence number in the data packet need to be assembled according to a kv table, namely, the communication data and the message sequence number are recorded according to a key-value format. Such as key1 value 1; key2 value 2; key3 value 3; ........ Wherein, key is a field defined in the kv table, and value is a corresponding data element value. Specifically, the communication data takes the specific communication data as value, and takes the corresponding field defined in the kv table as key; the message sequence number takes the specific sequence number as value, and takes the corresponding field defined in the kv table as key.
As a specific example of communication data, a client in the internet of things needs to send acquired information elements to a server, and then communication data "t ═ 25" is assembled according to the definition of the kv table in the table one; h is 45; v is 220 ". Of course, other connectors may also be used to connect keys and their corresponding values, such as "-" or ": "and the like.
The message sequence number refers to a sequence number of a communication message sent from the device after TCP/IP connection, counting is started from 0 by default, the message sequence number in each communication message is increased in comparison with the generation sequence of the communication message, a maximum counting value is preset, and counting is started again after the maximum counting value is reached. In particular, the message sequence number in the response message corresponding to the communication message is consistent with the message sequence number in the corresponding communication message. For example, if the first communication message sent after connection is the corresponding message serial number 0; the message serial number of the second communication message is 1, and so on; of course, it is also possible to have a certain value at regular intervals, such as 0, 2, and 4 …, only to ensure that the message sequence number is incremented by the generation sequence of the communication message. Accordingly, the message of this embodiment adopts a sequence number mechanism to ensure the ordered transmission of data.
Preferably, the communication message further comprises a check value and an end-pointer. The check value is used for message check; the end symbol is used for identifying the end of the message, and can be a separator or a carriage return symbol or other self-defined symbols.
S3: and the second networking equipment analyzes the communication message according to the key value pair table.
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned messages of this embodiment are used for communication, and after receiving the messages, the networking devices all use a table lookup mechanism to parse the communication messages. Correspondingly, after the second networking device receives the communication message, the second networking device analyzes the communication message by contrasting the key value pair table so as to analyze and acquire parameters transmitted by communication data in the message.
S4: and the second Internet of things equipment generates a response message according to the definition of the key value table by contrast according to the analysis result, and feeds the response message back to the first Internet of things equipment.
The response message also comprises a packet header and a data packet; the message type in the packet header corresponds to a response; and the communication data in the data packet corresponds to the result of successful analysis or failed analysis, and the message serial number is consistent with the message serial number in the received communication message.
The embodiment can ensure the correct transmission of data by setting a response mechanism.
Example two
The embodiment is further expanded on the basis of the first embodiment, and provides a data transmission method between devices of the internet of things. The equipment refers to Internet of things equipment; the two ends of the communication butt joint can be between a client and a server, such as a lower computer device and a server, or the lower computer device and an upper computer device. The network used may be 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi, wired network, etc.
First, a data transfer protocol (hittp) is established. As shown in fig. 2, the protocol is a data interaction protocol of an application layer, which is further encapsulated on UDP or TCP, without depending on a specific physical communication manner, and is particularly suitable for short text message (e.g., voltage, current, etc.) information transmission.
The data transmission protocol includes two parts:
(1) a kv table is preset. The kv table is described in detail in example one. And the Internet of things devices communicate by following the element fields defined by the kv table.
(2) And (4) composing a protocol message. Please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram illustrating a protocol packet. The protocol message mainly comprises three parts, namely a header, a data packet body and a checksum terminator, wherein the three parts are distinguished by a specific symbol (such as;). Specifically, the packet header corresponds to a packet class, and includes three packet classes, i.e., p ═ h, p ═ d, and p ═ r, where p is used as a field of a packet class identifier, and h, d, and r respectively correspond to fields of three specific packet classes, i.e., identity, data, and response. The data packet body comprises communication data and a message serial number, wherein specific contents need to refer to fields defined by a kv table and specific communication data and are expressed in a key-value pair mode. Wherein, the field of the message sequence number defined in the kv table is k, and the communication message (i.e. the message actively initiated by the device) is consistent with the message sequence number k contained in the corresponding reply message. The value of k can be sequentially increased from 0 to 100, and the counting is started from 0 again after 100 is reached. The connectors between the keys in a key-value pair and their corresponding values may be either "═ or" as shown: ", may also be", "etc. The check value and the terminator support customization, such as crcl6 and carriage return, respectively. The checking mode is preferably a CRC-16/MODBUS checking mode, and the polynomial is x16+ x15+ x2+ 1.
Next, the present embodiment takes a client device connected to the network and a server device as a data receiving end as examples based on the communication transmission protocol, and details the process when both transmit data through text stream. Please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of data interaction between the client and the server based on the hittp protocol after the communication link is successfully connected.
1. After the udp or tcp communication link is successfully connected, before the client starts to transmit data, the client needs to report identity information to the server, so that the server can identify the identity of the client.
Specifically, the client inquires the definition in the kv table according to the unique identifier of the client, firstly assembles a data packet, and then further combines a packet body, a check code and an end identifier to obtain an identity reporting message; and sending the identity reporting message to a server. The packet header in the message identity message is 'p ═ h'; the communication data of the data packet corresponds to the unique device identifier of the client, and is assumed to be'd ═ 85716; id ═ DZ60 "; the packet sequence number of the data packet is "k ═ 0". After receiving the identity reporting message, the server side firstly verifies the identity reporting message through a check code and then analyzes the identity reporting message through inquiring a kv table; if the analysis is successful, generating a corresponding successful response message according to the kv table and returning the response message to the client; if the analysis fails, a response message corresponding to the error is returned, the device cannot be identified by the response message, and the identity information of the device needs to be acquired again. Specifically, the header of the response packet is "p ═ r"; recording the successful analysis or failure analysis of the communication data of the data packet in a key value pair form; the packet sequence number of the data packet is "k ═ 0".
It should be noted that, in the whole communication process, the client must periodically report the identity information at regular time, that is, periodically send the identity reporting message to the server. The default period interval is 45 seconds, and the specific value is determined according to actual conditions.
2. After the client successfully reports the identity information, the client can begin to report the acquired element values of the equipment information to the server. In this embodiment, the client reports the collected data by sending a data packet.
Specifically, after acquiring the acquired device information element values, the client queries the kv table to generate a data message, and sends the data message to the server. The packet header of the data message is 'p ═ d'; the communication data of the data packet corresponds to the device information element value to be uploaded by the client, and the t is assumed to be 25; h is 45; v ═ 220 "; the packet sequence number of the packet is "k ═ 1". And after receiving the data message, the server analyzes the data message by inquiring the kv table to obtain the device information element value acquired by the client. Correspondingly analyzing the correct condition, and returning a response message which is generated according to the kv table and is correspondingly successful to the client by the server; if the analysis fails, returning a response message corresponding to the error so as to enable the client to upload the data message again.
3. When the server side wants to send a control instruction to the client side, the control instruction is also transmitted through a data message.
Specifically, the server side queries the kv table, assembles the control instruction element values into data messages, and sends the data messages to the client side. The data message is 'p ═ d'; and the communication data of the data packet corresponds to the instruction issued by the server. Here, the field of the control instruction name is key, and the corresponding instruction element value is value; assume that the packet sequence number of the packet is "k ═ 21". And after receiving the control instruction message, the client analyzes the control instruction message corresponding to the kv table, and sends a response message to the server according to an analysis result.
As can be seen from the above description, in the data transmission method between the internet of things devices in this embodiment, the data packet message is assembled by using the kv table defining the communication element field and looking up the kv table; and a unified docking element field kv table is established, so that the docking of the Internet of things equipment is facilitated and simplified, and the docking efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the data packet messages are divided into three types of messages, wherein the packet headers are distinguished by p-h, p-d and p-r; the normalized data packet provides a unified standard for organizing the data packet message and analyzing the data packet message in a key value organization format, so that the butt joint of the Internet of things equipment is facilitated and simplified, and the butt joint efficiency is improved. Therefore, the invention simultaneously has the following functions:
1. and an identity reporting mechanism. The continuity and the stability of the link can be ensured;
2. a table lookup mechanism. The message format is unified, and the parsing efficiency is improved; the butt joint of the Internet of things equipment is convenient and simplified;
3. a response mechanism. The correct transmission of data can be ensured;
4. a sequence number mechanism. The data transmission sequence can be determined, and the data transmission sequence is ensured.
EXAMPLE III
This embodiment corresponds to the first and second embodiments, and provides a specific application scenario:
the method comprises a first scene, and data are transmitted through communication between the Internet of things intelligent distribution box and the Internet of things equipment management cloud platform.
In the scene, the intelligent distribution box of the Internet of things is a client, and the equipment management cloud platform of the Internet of things is a server.
The process that the element value that client thing networking intelligent distribution box gathered is reported to server side thing networking equipment management cloud platform includes:
the intelligent distribution box of the Internet of things of the client equipment acquires the values of the elements, finds out the corresponding key by searching the kv table, and matches the key with the bag body part in a value form; further combining the packet header and the check sum packet end identifier to form a complete data message for transmission; the server-side Internet of things equipment management cloud platform receives the data message, after verification and confirmation, the data message is split into key value, and then a kv table is inquired and analyzed into corresponding element information.
The process that the server side thing networking equipment management cloud platform issues control instruction data for client side thing networking intelligent distribution box includes:
the server side obtains a control instruction element value; finding out a corresponding key by inquiring the kv table, matching the key with a bag body part in a value form, further combining and completing a packet header, a check and a packet end identifier, and forming a complete data message for sending; the client-side internet-of-things intelligent distribution box receives the data message, after verification and confirmation, the data message is split into keys which are values, and the keys are analyzed into corresponding element information after the query kv table is analyzed (after the internet-of-things intelligent distribution box obtains the control instruction element information, the corresponding action can be executed according to the instruction element according to the capacity of the internet-of-things intelligent distribution box).
And in a second scene, data are transmitted through communication between the temperature and humidity equipment of the Internet of things and the DTU equipment of the concentrator.
In the scene, the Internet of things temperature and humidity equipment is a client, and the concentrator DTU equipment is a server. The key elements that thing networking humiture equipment gathered: values of temperature, humidity and the like are found out by inquiring the kv table, a corresponding key is matched into a bag body part in a key value form, and the bag head, the verification and the bag end identification are further completed to form a complete data message for transmission; the concentrator DTU equipment receives the data message, after verification and confirmation, the data message is split into key value, and then the key value is inquired and the kv table is analyzed into corresponding element information or data is forwarded.
Example four
The data transmission communication system based on the Internet of things comprises a first Internet of things device and a second Internet of things device; the first internet of things device comprises a first computer readable storage medium and a first computer program thereon; the second networked device includes a second computer readable storage medium and a second computer program thereon;
when being executed by a processor, the first computer program can implement the steps executed by the first internet-of-things device in the data transmission and communication method based on the internet of things according to any one of the third to fourth embodiments;
the second computer program, when being executed by a processor, can implement the content of the steps executed by the second networked device in the data transmission communication method based on the internet of things according to any one of the third to fourth embodiments.
The details of the steps are not repeated, and refer to the descriptions of the first to third embodiments for details.
As can be understood from the above description, those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above technical solutions can be implemented by controlling related hardware through a computer program, where the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program can include the processes of the above methods. The program can also achieve advantageous effects corresponding to the respective methods after being executed by a processor.
The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
In summary, the data transmission communication method and system based on the internet of things provided by the invention can unify the docking work of the devices of the internet of things, reduce the docking complexity and the docking cost, and improve the docking efficiency; furthermore, correct transmission of data can be ensured through a response mechanism; the sequence number mechanism ensures the orderliness of data transmission and reduces communication errors.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The data transmission communication method based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising the following steps:
presetting a key value pair table, wherein the key value pair table records the corresponding relation between a user-defined field and a communication data name;
the first Internet of things equipment generates a communication message according to the key value pair table and sends the communication message to the second Internet of things equipment, wherein the communication message comprises a packet header and a data packet, the packet header comprises a message category, and the data packet comprises communication data and a message serial number;
the second networking equipment analyzes the communication message according to the key value pair table;
the second Internet of things equipment generates a response message according to the analysis result and the key value pair table and sends the response message to the first Internet of things equipment, the message type in the packet head of the response message is response, and the message serial number in the data packet is consistent with the message serial number in the received communication message;
the message sequence numbers in the communication messages are increased in comparison with the generation sequence of the communication messages.
2. The internet-of-things-based data transmission communication method of claim 1, wherein the communication data takes a custom field of a corresponding key value table as a key and takes specific communication data as a value;
the message sequence number takes the self-defined field of the corresponding key value table as a key and takes the specific message sequence number as a value.
3. The internet-of-things-based data transmission communication method according to claim 1, wherein the communication message comprises an identity message and a data message;
when the communication message is an identity reporting message, the message type in the packet header corresponds to the identity reporting, and the communication data is the unique equipment identifier of the first internet of things equipment;
and when the communication message is a data message, the message type in the packet header corresponds to data.
4. The internet of things-based data transmission communication method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
the second networking equipment generates a data message according to the key value pair table and sends the data message to the first networking equipment, and communication data in the data message generated by the second networking equipment is a control instruction element value;
and the first Internet of things equipment analyzes the received communication message according to the key value pair table and returns a response message to the second Internet of things equipment.
5. The internet of things-based data transmission communication method of claim 3, wherein the method further comprises:
the first Internet of things equipment periodically sends an identity reporting message to the second Internet of things equipment.
6. The data transmission communication method based on the internet of things of claim 1, wherein the message sequence numbers in the communication messages are counted again from the beginning after reaching a preset maximum value.
7. The internet-of-things-based data transmission communication method according to claim 1, wherein the communication message and the response message each further include a check code and an end identifier.
8. The data transmission communication system based on the Internet of things is characterized by comprising a first Internet of things device and a second Internet of things device; the first internet of things device comprises a first computer readable storage medium and a first computer program thereon; the second networked device includes a second computer readable storage medium and a second computer program thereon;
the first computer program, when being executed by a processor, is capable of implementing the steps executed by a first internet-of-things device in the internet-of-things-based data transmission communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
the second computer program, when being executed by a processor, can implement the content of the steps executed by the second networked device in the data transmission communication method based on internet of things according to any one of the above claims 1 to 7.
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