CN113014257A - Preparation method of cold atom system spin compression state - Google Patents
Preparation method of cold atom system spin compression state Download PDFInfo
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- CN113014257A CN113014257A CN202110201423.XA CN202110201423A CN113014257A CN 113014257 A CN113014257 A CN 113014257A CN 202110201423 A CN202110201423 A CN 202110201423A CN 113014257 A CN113014257 A CN 113014257A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a cold atom system spin compression state, which comprises the following steps: providing a two-component spin system comprising a two-dimensional potential well having a structure of energy levels whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions; applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero; recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal; and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state. The invention has the advantages that: the method is simple to realize, breaks through the limit of quantum system measurement limit, provides a new method for improving the precision of quantum precision measurement, and enables the spin compression state to be more stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cold atom system spin compression state.
Background
The quantum precision measurement is based on the precision control to atoms, molecules or ions and other micro particles, utilizes the advantages that the micro system structure is stable and is not easy to be interfered by the outside world, improves the measurement precision of physical quantity to a great extent, plays a huge role in measurement, promotes the measurement technical innovation, and is widely applied to the fields of national defense, military, communication, finance, trade and the like.
The cold atom system utilizes a laser cooling technology, atoms reach extremely low temperature, and precise control of the atom system can be realized. To date, the most precise optical standards are based on cold atom or cold ion trapping techniques, based on Al+The uncertainty of the optical frequency scale to the second measurement reaches 10-19Magnitude. The ultra-cold atomic system is widely applied to the fields of quantum precision measurement, quantum computation, quantum simulation and the like.
The measurement accuracy of a quantum system is limited by physical conditions such as Heisebauer uncertainty and the like, the measurement accuracy which can be achieved by adopting the traditional measurement means is limited, and based on the accurate control of atoms or ions, the measurement accuracy of the international basic unit's second' reaches 10-19 orders of magnitude by utilizing the optical atomic frequency standard technology, approaches the achievable measurement limit, namely the standard quantum limit, and a new method is urgently needed to be provided to break through the limit. The spin compression state is a multi-body entanglement state, and numerous researches show that the spin compression state can be induced by interaction between atoms or ions, but due to the effects of decoherence and the like, the properties of quantum entanglement and the like generated by the interaction of atoms are easily damaged, so that the spin compression effect is failed. Therefore, it is urgently needed to provide a method which can break through the limit of the standard quantum limit and provide a new idea for further improving the measurement accuracy of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a cold atom system spin compression state, which solves the problem of how to break through quantum limit.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atom system, comprising:
providing a two-component spin system comprising a two-dimensional potential well having a structure of energy levels whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions;
applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero;
recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal;
and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state.
Further, the spin compression parameter is a ratio of a minimum spin fluctuation perpendicular to an average spin direction to a spin average value.
Further, the atomic interactions are intraspecies interactions, including interactions between atoms of the same mass and spin.
Further, the atomic interactions are species interactions, including interactions between atoms that differ in mass or spin.
Further, the energy level structure adopts a hyperfine energy level.
Further, the atomic spin states include a spin-up state, which is located at an upper level of the hyperfine level.
Further, the atomic spin states include a spin-down state, which is located at a lower energy level than the hyperfine energy level.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atomic system, comprising:
providing a multi-component spin system comprising at least one two-dimensional potential well having an energy level structure whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions;
applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero;
recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal;
and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state.
Further, still include: and applying a trapping potential in the axial direction of the two-dimensional potential well to trap the atoms to the two-dimensional plane.
Further, still include: and applying trapping potential in the plane direction of the two-dimensional potential well to enable atoms to be in the two-dimensional harmonic trap.
The invention achieves the following significant beneficial effects:
the realization is simple, include: providing a two-component spin system comprising a two-dimensional potential well having a structure of energy levels whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions; applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero; recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal; and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state. The method breaks through the limit of quantum system measurement limit, provides a new method for improving quantum precision measurement precision, and enables the spin compression state to be more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atom system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The advantages and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to scale, which is intended merely for convenience and clarity in describing embodiments of the invention.
It should be noted that, for clarity of description of the present invention, various embodiments are specifically described to further illustrate different implementations of the present invention, wherein the embodiments are illustrative and not exhaustive. In addition, for simplicity of description, the contents mentioned in the previous embodiments are often omitted in the following embodiments, and therefore, the contents not mentioned in the following embodiments may be referred to the previous embodiments accordingly.
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood that the inventors do not intend to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described, but intend to protect all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. The same meta-module part number may be used throughout the drawings to represent the same or similar parts.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atom system according to the present invention includes:
step S101, providing a two-component spin system which comprises a two-dimensional potential well, wherein the two-dimensional potential well is provided with a level structure of which the atomic spin state depends on atomic interaction;
step S102, applying Raman light to the two-dimensional potential well to enable the spin interaction generated by the atomic interaction equivalence in the two-dimensional potential well not to be zero;
step S103, recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal;
and step S104, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum according to the change condition of the spin compression so as to generate a spin compression state.
In one embodiment of the present application, in particular, the spin compression parameter is a ratio of a minimum spin fluctuation perpendicular to an average spin direction to a spin average value.
In one embodiment of the present application, the atomic interactions are, in particular, intraspecies interactions, including interactions between atoms that are identical in mass and autogyration.
In one embodiment of the present application, in particular, the atomic interaction is an interspecies interaction, including an interaction between atoms differing in mass or spin.
In one embodiment of the present application, in particular, the energy level structure employs hyperfine energy levels.
In one embodiment of the present application, the atomic spin states include, in particular, spin-up states, which are located at an upper level of the hyperfine energy level.
In one embodiment of the present application, the atomic spin states include, in particular, spin-down states, which are located at a lower energy level of the hyperfine energy level.
In one embodiment of the present application, in particular, the spin compression state is induced by a combination of atomic interaction and spin-orbit coupling, the atomic interaction is an interatomic collision interaction, the spin-orbit coupling is an equivalent spin-orbit coupling, in particular a coupling between spins and atomic momentum, the two-component spin system is an equivalent representation of a two-level system of atoms, and further, the multi-component spin system is derived from a multi-level system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atomic system, comprising:
providing a multi-component spin system comprising at least one two-dimensional potential well having an energy level structure whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions;
applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero;
recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal;
and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state.
In an embodiment of the present application, specifically, further comprising: and applying a trapping potential in the axial direction of the two-dimensional potential well to trap the atoms to the two-dimensional plane.
In an embodiment of the present application, specifically, further comprising: and applying trapping potential in the plane direction of the two-dimensional potential well to enable atoms to be in the two-dimensional harmonic trap.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, the atomic collision interaction, when atoms of different masses or atoms of different internal states are used, will cause the case where the intraspecies interaction and the interspecies interaction are unequal. The intraspecies interactions are atoms of the same species, representing atoms of the same mass and spin, while the interspecies interactions are atoms of different species, representing atoms of different mass or spin.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, the spin-orbit coupling effect of the cold atom system is generated by coupling two beams of raman light with an atomic hyperfine energy level, and is an equivalent spin-orbit coupling effect. According to research, the spin-orbit coupling cold atom system can be equivalent to a spin interaction model in the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator trapping trap through a series of unitary transformation
The above-mentionedqIs the spin orbit dependence coefficient, omega is the raman laser-related raman ratio frequency. When there is an interplant interaction g12And intraspecific interactions g11Or g22When the difference is not equal, the spin orbit coupling cold atom system can be equivalently
The value ν is an interaction coefficient, and represents a difference value ν ═ g (g) between an interspecific interaction and an intraspecies interaction coefficient11+g22-2g12) /4, when the interspecies interactions are not equal to the intraspecies interactions, i.e. g11＝g22≠g12When the magnetic resonance imaging method is used, the interaction coefficient v is not equal to 0, and the spin interaction generated by the atomic interaction equivalent under the condition is not zero and contributes to spin compression. As shown in FIG. 1, strong trapping potential is applied in the axial direction, and atoms are trapped in a two-dimensional plane, so that the atoms are in an equivalent two-dimensional system, and weak trapping potential is added to the two-dimensional plane, so that the atoms are in a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator trapping trap. And through the coupling effect of Raman light and atoms, an equivalent spin-orbit coupling effect is generated, and a spin-orbit coupling system in the two-dimensional potential well is realized.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the invention, the spin interaction system
Wherein A and B are arbitrary coefficients, and can generate a spin compression effect under the action of dynamic evolution. The spin compression is defined as
Wherein
Is the average value of the spin,
representing the minimum spin fluctuation perpendicular to the mean spin direction,
is the spin direction in which the average value lies, wherein then the average spin direction is
Then
Addition of the coordinate SystemTwo directions are then represented as
And
and is
And
calculation method and
similarly, where θ and φ represent angles and
when in use<Sy>>0，
For a given wave function ψ, the spin average can be given by the equation<Sx,y,z>＝<ψ|Sx,y,z|ψ>The calculation results in that,
when in use<Sy＞≤0，
Is perpendicular to the mean spin direction, and
and
and (4) correlating.
spin compression is thus expressed as
Proportional to the minimum spin fluctuation and inversely proportional to the average spin. When ξ ═ 1, the system is in coherent state. When ξ <1, the system produces a spin-compressed state, a spin-compressed state preparation is achieved.
According to the embodiment of the application, the preparation method of the spin compression state of the cold atomic system is provided, and the problem of how to break through quantum limit is solved.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
As a specific example, the method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atom system of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, preparing atoms in a coherent state (| ≠>+|↓>)，|>The arrow points upward to indicate that the atom is in a spin-up state, and the arrow points downward to indicate that the atom is in a spin-down state, and the two particles are taken as an example, the atom is prepared in a coherent initial state
And preparing atoms on the hyperfine energy level structure, wherein the spin-down state represents the lower energy level of the hyperfine energy level, and the spin-up state represents the upper energy level of the hyperfine energy level structure. Coherent state (| | ↓ >) represents that the probability that a single atom is at the hyperfine lower energy level and the upper energy level is the same, and a plurality of atoms are prepared on the coherent state and are represented as
The wave function can be represented by a matrix, and the spin-down state | ↓>Is shown as
Spin-up state | × |>Is shown as
And the coherent state is represented as
After normalization
Thus the direct product of a plurality of atoms is
In the case of two atoms, the direct product state is
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
to represent
To represent
To represent
And
to represent
Then, two beams of Raman light are applied to act on the cold atom system to generate equivalent spin-orbit coupling effect, and the equivalent spin-orbit coupling effect is reduced into a spin interaction model
Where q and Ω are coefficients, SxAnd SzRepresenting the total spin, as the total spin of a plurality of particles
And
definition of
And
is a pauli matrix and 1 is an identity matrix. Taking two kinds of particles as an example,
and is
Thus, the total spin is represented as
Like
The time evolution operator is then denoted e-iH'tCharacterized in that the system evolves from one state to another under the action of the spin interaction system, and the final state of evolution is expressed as
And A is a normalization coefficient. We will turn the above SzAnd SxIs brought into the Hamiltonian, the Hamiltonian of spin interactions can be written as
A four-dimensional matrix. By calculating e-iH'tψ0Can obtain the final state psitIn relation to time, the above psitWe calculated using Matlab programming.
By the above psitThe average of the respective rotational components may be calculated,
The spin interaction system
Taking v-q-1 and Ω -1 as examples, the above steps are adopted to prepare the system in a coherent state, and the system evolves with time
Spin compression properties were calculated and when t is 0, the system is in coherent state, when ξ is 1. The spin compression property changes periodically along with the time evolution, and at some time point, the spin compression parameter xi reaches the minimum, and then the spin compression effectMost strongly, the spin compression state produced is most accurate towards the corresponding measurement.
The spin-orbit coupling cold atom system bound in the two-dimensional resonant trap is equivalent to a spin interaction system, can generate an optimal spin compression state under the operation steps, and the spin-orbit coupling and the interatomic interaction can generate a self-rotation interaction term, so that the two interactions generate a spin compression effect together. The spin-orbit coupling effect works when the spin compression caused by the interatomic interaction is affected by decoherence. When the spin-orbit coupling is weak, the atomic interaction amplitude can be modulated to produce a spin-compressed state. By combining the two effects to induce the spin compression state, the system has greater regulation and control capability and can realize a better and more stable spin compression state.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:
the realization is simple, include: providing a two-component spin system comprising a two-dimensional potential well having a structure of energy levels whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions; applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero; recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal; and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state. The method breaks through the limit of quantum system measurement limit, provides a new method for improving quantum precision measurement precision, and enables the spin compression state to be more stable.
Any other suitable modifications can be made according to the technical scheme and the conception of the invention. All such alternatives, modifications and improvements as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atomic system, comprising:
providing a two-component spin system comprising a two-dimensional potential well having a structure of energy levels whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions;
applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero;
recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal;
and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spin compression parameter is a ratio of a minimum spin fluctuation perpendicular to a mean spin direction to a mean spin value.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the atomic interactions are intraspecies interactions, including interactions between atoms of the same mass and spin.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the atomic interaction is an interspecies interaction, including an interaction between atoms that differ in mass or spin.
5. The method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atomic system according to claim 1, wherein the energy level structure adopts a hyperfine energy level.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the atomic spin states include a spin-up state at an upper level of the hyperfine level.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the atomic spin states include a spin-down state at a lower energy level of the hyperfine energy level.
8. A method for preparing a spin compression state of a cold atomic system, comprising:
providing a multi-component spin system comprising at least one two-dimensional potential well having an energy level structure whose atomic spin states depend on atomic interactions;
applying raman light to the two-dimensional potential well such that spin interactions in the two-dimensional potential well that are equivalently produced by atomic interactions are non-zero;
recording a spin fluctuation signal from a two-dimensional potential well, and determining the change condition of spin compression from the spin fluctuation signal;
and according to the change condition of the spin compression, measuring the spin compression property when the spin compression parameter is minimum to generate a spin compression state.
9. The method for preparing a cold atomic system spin compressed state of claim 8, further comprising: and applying a trapping potential in the axial direction of the two-dimensional potential well to trap the atoms to the two-dimensional plane.
10. The method for preparing a cold atomic system spin compressed state of claim 8, further comprising: and applying trapping potential in the plane direction of the two-dimensional potential well to enable atoms to be in the two-dimensional harmonic trap.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113721444A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-30 | 深港产学研基地（北京大学香港科技大学深圳研修院） | Integrating sphere quantum spin compression state cold atom microwave clock device and method |
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| CN113721444B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-09-02 | 深港产学研基地（北京大学香港科技大学深圳研修院） | Integrating sphere quantum spin compression state cold atom microwave clock device and method |
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