CN113014080B - Converter overvoltage protection system of unified power flow controller and parameter design method - Google Patents
Converter overvoltage protection system of unified power flow controller and parameter design method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 101100499229 Mus musculus Dhrsx gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a converter overvoltage protection system of a unified power flow controller and a parameter design method, wherein the system comprises first to third arresters, a thyristor bypass switch, a bypass breaker and a monitoring device, wherein one end of the second arrester is grounded through the first arrester, the other end of the second arrester is connected to a connecting line between a converter valve and a bridge arm reactor, and the thyristor bypass switch is connected with the second arrester in parallel; the third lightning arrester is connected with the connecting copper bar in parallel and is connected in a star shape, and the neutral point of the third lightning arrester is connected with the neutral point of the series transformer and then grounded through a grounding resistor; the bypass breaker is connected in parallel to the line side of the series transformer; the monitoring module is used for monitoring and controlling the states of the converter valve, the thyristor bypass switch and the bypass breaker, controlling the conduction of the bypass thyristor and sending a closing command of the bypass breaker when the converter valve is detected to be locked. The technical scheme can effectively reduce the overvoltage protection level of the current converter and greatly improve the economy and the reliability of the current converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flexible alternating current transmission, and particularly relates to a converter overvoltage protection system for a unified power flow controller and a parameter design method thereof.
Background
Modern power systems have gradually evolved into large-scale alternating current and direct current parallel-serial power grids, problems of unbalanced distribution of loads and power generation in the power grids, large difference of tidal current distribution of power transmission channels and the like are increasingly highlighted, the problems of heavy load and light load of the power transmission channels exist at the same time and are limited by the bearing capacity of the heavy load channels, and the power transmission channels in the power grids are difficult to be effectively utilized. Meanwhile, the difficulty of line reconstruction and power grid extension is increasing due to the limitation of urban planning, and the requirement on reliable and economic operation of the power transmission network is increasing due to the restriction of various conditions such as complex system structure, heavy operation task, high requirement on electric energy quality, market and environmental protection. However, the lack of the traditional control means and the low automation level are important factors for limiting the transmission of the power system.
A Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the best device to control the line Power, and the simplest UPFC includes two converters connected by a common dc bus, one converter connected to the ac system through a parallel transformer, and the other connected to the ac line through a series transformer.
The existing overvoltage protection method of the converter of the unified power flow controller adopts a gapless zinc oxide arrester to be connected in parallel at the AC side of the converter and the valve side of a series transformer, and the arresters connected in parallel at the valve side of the series transformer are simultaneously connected in parallel with a quick bypass switch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a converter overvoltage protection system of a unified power flow controller and a parameter design method, which can effectively reduce the overvoltage protection level of the converter and greatly improve the economy and reliability of the converter.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is:
the converter is of a three-phase six-leg structure and comprises a converter valve and a leg reactor, the converter is connected with a series transformer through a connecting copper bar, and the other end of the series transformer is connected to an alternating current circuit; the monitoring device comprises first to third arresters, a thyristor bypass switch, a bypass breaker and a monitoring device, wherein one end of the second arrester is grounded through the first arrester, the other end of the second arrester is connected to a connecting line between the converter valve and a bridge arm reactor, and the thyristor bypass switch is connected with the second arrester in parallel; the third lightning arrester is connected with the connecting copper bar in parallel and is connected in a star shape, and the neutral point of the third lightning arrester is connected with the neutral point of the series transformer and then grounded through a grounding resistor; the bypass breaker is connected in parallel to the line side of the series transformer; the monitoring module is used for monitoring and controlling the states of the converter valve, the thyristor bypass switch and the bypass breaker, and when the monitoring device detects that the converter valve is locked, the monitoring device controls the conduction of the bypass thyristor and sends a closing command of the bypass breaker.
The first to third arresters all adopt gapless zinc oxide arresters.
The thyristor bypass switch comprises a thyristor, a damping loop and a thyristor trigger unit, wherein the thyristor is connected with the damping loop in parallel, the thyristor trigger unit is connected with the monitoring device, and the thyristor is controlled according to a control instruction of the monitoring device.
The damping loop is formed by connecting a damping resistor and a capacitor in series, the resistance value of the damping resistor is 1000-5000 ohms, and the capacitance value of the capacitor is 100 pc-1000 pc.
The resistance value of the grounding resistor is 500-2000 ohms.
A parameter design method of the converter overvoltage protection system based on the unified power flow controller as described above includes the following steps:
step 1, establishing an electromagnetic transient model of a unified power flow controller;
Step 6, calculating by using the new model in the step 5 to obtain the maximum inter-terminal voltage U of the converter valveVAnd the maximum current, the maximum overvoltage and the maximum energy of the first to third arresters;
and 7, judging whether the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the first arrester, the second arrester and the third arrester need to be adjusted or not according to the calculation result in the step 6, repeating the steps 5-6 if the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the first arrester, the second arrester and the third arrester need to be adjusted until the voltage between the ends of the converter valves is limited to a reasonable level, taking the maximum overvoltage of the first arrester, the second arrester, the third arrester and the third arrester as the operation surge voltage protection levels respectively, taking the maximum current flowing through the first arrester, the second arrester, the third arrester and the third arrester as the matching current under the operation surge voltage protection levels respectively, and taking the energy absorbed by the first arrester, the second arrester, the third arrester and the arrester as the reference value for designing the capacities of the first arrester, the third arrester.
In the step 1, an electromagnetic transient model of the unified power flow controller is established by using PSCAD/EMTDC software.
The time T from the occurrence of the fault to the locking of the converter valve is calculated in the step 2aThe method comprises the following steps: counting the time t of overcurrent protection action of a bridge arm of a converter valve when the line side ground fault of the series transformer occurs under the condition of different short-circuit current levels of the unified power flow controller1Protection of the action to inverter blocking time t 2，Ta＝Ka×(t1+t2)，KaIs a margin factor.
In the above step 4, UdrefIII>UdrefI>UdrefII，UdrefI+UdrefIINot less than the highest operating voltage U between converter valve endsN。
In the above step 7, E is setAIMaximum energy absorbed for the first arrester, EAIIMaximum energy absorbed for the second arrester, EAIIIMaximum energy absorbed for the third arrester, CAIIs the capacity of the first arrester, CAIIIs the capacity of the second arrester, CAIIIIs the capacity of the third arrester, K1、K2And K3Respectively for selecting margin coefficients of the first to third arresters, CAI>K1×EAI，CAII>K2×EAII，CAIII>K3×EAIIII。
After adopting the scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the overvoltage protection system provided by the invention can effectively reduce the overvoltage level of the current converter of the unified power flow controller, thereby reducing the cost of the unified power flow controller and improving the reliability of the unified power flow controller;
(2) the overvoltage protection system provided by the invention solves the problem of overcurrent of the converter under the condition that the unified power flow controller has a grounding fault at the direct current side;
(3) the parameter design method of the overvoltage protection system provided by the invention ensures the safe and economic operation of the overvoltage protection system of the unified power flow controller,
drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a unified power flow controller;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an inverter overvoltage protection system of the unified power flow controller according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the overvoltage protection method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention are explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides an overvoltage protection system for a converter of a unified power flow controller, which is suitable for the unified power flow controller shown in fig. 1, wherein the converter has a three-phase six-leg structure and includes a converter valve 1 and a leg reactor 2, the converter valve 1 has a modular multilevel structure, and the submodules have half-bridge submodules; the current converter is connected with a series transformer 8 through a connecting copper bar 5, and the other end of the series transformer 8 is connected with an alternating current circuit.
The overvoltage protection system comprises an arrester I3, an arrester II 4, an arrester III 6, a thyristor bypass switch 10, a bypass breaker 11 and a monitoring device, wherein one end of the arrester II 4 is grounded through the arrester I3, the other end of the arrester II is connected to a connecting line 9 between the converter valve and the bridge arm reactor 2, and the thyristor bypass switch 10 is connected with the arrester II 4 in parallel; in this embodiment, both the lightning arrester I3 and the lightning arrester II 4 can be gap-free zinc oxide lightning arresters.
One end of the lightning arrester III 6 is connected to the interface of the series transformer 8 and the connecting copper bar 5, the other end of the lightning arrester III is connected with the neutral point of the series transformer 8, the other end of the lightning arrester III is grounded through a resistor 7, and the resistance value of the resistor 7 is generally 500-2000 ohms; in this embodiment, the arrester III 6 can also be a gapless zinc oxide arrester.
The bypass breaker 11 is connected in parallel to the line side of the series transformer 8.
The monitoring device is used for monitoring and controlling the states of the converter valve 1, the thyristor bypass switch 10 and the bypass breaker 11, the monitoring device is communicated with the converter valve 1, the thyristor bypass switch 10 and the bypass breaker 11 through optical fibers, and has the functions of monitoring the locking state of the converter valve, triggering the conduction of the thyristor bypass switch and controlling the closing of the bypass breaker and the like.
In this embodiment, the thyristor bypass switch is composed of a thyristor, a damping loop and a thyristor trigger unit, the thyristor is connected with the damping loop in parallel, the damping loop is composed of a resistor R and a capacitor C in series, the resistance value of the resistor R is generally 1000-5000 ohms, the capacitance value of the capacitor C is generally 100 pc-1000 pc, and the thyristor bypass switch is connected with two ends of the arrester I in parallel. The thyristor trigger unit is connected with the monitoring device and receives a control instruction of the monitoring device.
Through the overvoltage protection system, the energy of overvoltage generated under the condition of line side ground fault of the series transformer can be released through the lightning arrester I, the lightning arrester II and the lightning arrester III, and the overvoltage between the ends of the converter valve is limited to be not more than 2 times of the protection level of the lightning arrester II.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a parameter design method of an inverter overvoltage protection system of a unified power flow controller, including the following steps:
a. and performing electromagnetic transient modeling on the unified power flow controller by using PSCAD/EMTDC software.
b. Setting the time T from the occurrence of a fault to the latching of a converter valve in the case of a line-side ground fault of a series transformera。
Calculating the locking time T from the fault occurrence to the converter valve in the step baThe method comprises the following steps: counting the time t of overcurrent protection action of a bridge arm of a converter valve when the line side ground fault of the series transformer occurs under the condition of different short-circuit current levels of the unified power flow controller through electromagnetic transient simulation software1Protection of the action to inverter blocking time t2，Ta＝Ka×(t1+t2)，KaAs a margin coefficient, Ka1.2 can be taken.
c. Set the closing time T of the bypass breakerb。
d. Selecting DC reference voltage U of lightning arrester I, II and IIIdrefI、UdrefII、U》drefIIIAnd preliminarily selecting the volt-ampere characteristics and the capacities of the lightning arrester I, the lightning arrester II and the lightning arrester III.
In step d UdrefIII>UdrefI>UdrefII，UdrefI+UdrefIINot less than the highest operating power between converter valve endsPress UN，UdrefIII、UdrefI、UdrefIITypical values of (c) may be: u shapedrefIII＝0.95UN，UdrefI＝0.35UN，UdrefII＝0.65UN。
e. Establishing an electromagnetic transient model of an arrester I, an arrester II and an arrester III, and adding the models to the model established in the step a;
f. calculating to obtain the maximum inter-terminal voltage U of the converter valve by utilizing the established electromagnetic transient model of the unified power flow controllerVAnd the maximum current, the maximum overvoltage and the maximum energy of the lightning arrester I, the lightning arrester II and the lightning arrester III;
g. according to the calculation result of the step f, if the calculation result satisfies UV<1.7UN，EAI<CAI/K1，EAII<CAII/K2，EAIII<CAIII/K3Respectively taking the maximum overvoltage of the arrester I, the arrester II and the arrester III as the operation impulse voltage protection level of the arrester I, the arrester II and the arrester III, respectively taking the maximum current flowing through the arrester I, the arrester II and the arrester III as the matching current under the operation impulse voltage protection level, and respectively taking the selected capacities of the arrester I, the arrester II and the arrester III as the capacity parameters of the arrester I, the arrester II and the arrester III; otherwise, the voltage-current characteristic curves and the capacities of the lightning arrester I, the lightning arrester II and the lightning arrester III need to be adjusted, and the steps e and f are repeated until the U is metV<1.7UN，EAI<CAI/K1，EAII<CAII/K2，EAIII<CAIII/K3。
In step g, EAIMaximum energy absorbed for lightning arrester I, E AIIMaximum energy absorbed for lightning arrester II, EAIIIMaximum energy absorbed for arrester III, CAITo the capacity of lightning arrester I, CAIITo the capacity of lightning arrester II, CAIIITo the capacity of the arrester III, K1、K2And K3Margin coefficients for selecting arrester I, arrester II and arrester III respectively，K1、K2、K3Typical values of (a) are: k1＝1.1，K2＝1.3，K3＝1.2。
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A parameter design method of a converter overvoltage protection system based on a unified power flow controller is characterized in that the converter is of a three-phase six-leg structure and comprises a converter valve and a leg reactor, the converter is connected with a series transformer through a connecting copper bar, and the other end of the series transformer is connected with an alternating current circuit; the monitoring device comprises first to third arresters, a thyristor bypass switch, a bypass breaker and a monitoring device, wherein one end of the second arrester is grounded through the first arrester, the other end of the second arrester is connected to a connecting line between the converter valve and the bridge arm reactor, and the thyristor bypass switch is connected with the second arrester in parallel; the third lightning arrester is connected with the connecting copper bar in parallel and is connected in a star shape, and the neutral point of the third lightning arrester is connected with the neutral point of the series transformer and then is grounded through a grounding resistor; the bypass breaker is connected in parallel to the line side of the series transformer; the monitoring device is used for monitoring and controlling the state of the converter valve, the thyristor bypass switch and the bypass breaker, and when the monitoring device detects that the converter valve is locked, the monitoring device controls the thyristor bypass switch to be conducted and simultaneously sends a closing command of the bypass breaker; the method is characterized in that:
The parameter design method comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing an electromagnetic transient model of a unified power flow controller;
step 2, setting time T from fault occurrence to converter valve locking under the condition of line side ground fault of series transformera；
Step 3, setting the closing time T of the bypass breakerb；
Step 4, selecting the direct current reference voltage U of the first arrester to the third arresterdrefI、UdrefII、UdrefIIIPreliminary selection ofVolt-ampere characteristics of a lightning arrester I, a lightning arrester II and a lightning arrester III;
step 5, establishing electromagnetic transient models of the first arrester, the second arrester and the third arrester, and adding the models to the models established in the step 1 to obtain new models;
step 6, calculating and obtaining the maximum end-to-end voltage U of the converter valve by using the new model in the step 5VAnd the maximum current, the maximum overvoltage and the maximum energy of the first to third arresters;
and 7, judging whether the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the first arrester, the second arrester and the third arrester need to be adjusted or not according to the calculation result in the step 6, repeating the steps 5-6 if the volt-ampere characteristic curves of the first arrester, the second arrester and the third arrester need to be adjusted until the voltage between the ends of the converter valves is limited to a reasonable level, taking the maximum overvoltage of the first arrester, the second arrester, the third arrester and the third arrester as the operation surge voltage protection levels respectively, taking the maximum current flowing through the first arrester, the second arrester, the third arrester and the third arrester as the matching current under the operation surge voltage protection levels respectively, and taking the energy absorbed by the first arrester, the second arrester, the third arrester and the arrester as the reference value for designing the capacities of the first arrester, the third arrester.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: and the first lightning arrester, the second lightning arrester, the third lightning arrester and the fourth lightning arrester are all gapless zinc oxide lightning arresters.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thyristor bypass switch comprises a thyristor, a damping loop and a thyristor trigger unit, wherein the thyristor is connected with the damping loop in parallel, and the thyristor trigger unit is connected with the monitoring device and controls the thyristor according to a control instruction of the monitoring device.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the damping loop is formed by connecting a damping resistor and a capacitor in series, the resistance value of the damping resistor is 1000-5000 ohms, and the capacitance value of the capacitor is 100 pc-1000 pc.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the resistance value of the grounding resistor is 500-2000 ohms.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, an electromagnetic transient model of the unified power flow controller is established by using PSCAD/EMTDC software.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 2, the time T from the fault occurrence to the locking of the converter valve is calculatedaThe method comprises the following steps: counting the time t of overcurrent protection action of a bridge arm of a converter valve when the line side ground fault of the series transformer occurs under the condition of different short-circuit current levels of the unified power flow controller 1Protection of the action to inverter blocking time t2，Ta＝Ka×(t1+t2)，KaIs a margin factor.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4, UdrefIII>UdrefI>UdrefII，UdrefI+UdrefIINot less than the highest operating voltage U between converter valve endsN。
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 7, E is setAIMaximum energy absorbed for the first arrester, EAIIMaximum energy absorbed for the second arrester, EAIIIMaximum energy absorbed for the third arrester, CAIIs the capacity of the first arrester, CAIIIs the capacity of the second arrester, CAIIIIs the capacity of the third arrester, K1、K2And K3Respectively for selecting margin coefficients of the first to third arresters, CAI>K1×EAI，CAII>K2×EAII，CAIII>K3×EAIIII。
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| CN202949205U (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2013-05-22 | 中电普瑞科技有限公司 | Lightning arrester overvoltage protection device with variable voltage ratio |
| CN103580017B (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2016-08-17 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of allocation method for valve arrester of converter valve |
| CN105099242B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2018-09-11 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Voltage-source type multilevel converter, DC transmission system, fault handling method and device |
| CN104993472A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-10-21 | 国网浙江省电力公司电力科学研究院 | MMC-HVDC system, DC side isolation device and isolation method |
| CN105606934B (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2019-06-11 | 江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院 | UPFC series transformer charge initiation adjustment method |
| CN108233389A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-29 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | A kind of protection system of series compensation equipment |
| CN107611937B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2020-03-20 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Overvoltage protection circuit and method of direct current breaker |
| CN108092236A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-29 | 中国能源建设集团江苏省电力设计院有限公司 | A kind of overvoltage protection configuration system of THE UPFC |
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