CN113014018A

CN113014018A - Stator with offset pins for an electric machine

Info

Publication number: CN113014018A
Application number: CN202011517713.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲍里斯·多兹; 克里斯汀·芬格-艾伯特
Original assignee: Valeo Siemens eAutomotive Germany GmbH
Current assignee: Valeo eAutomotive Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2019-12-20
Filing date: 2020-12-21
Publication date: 2021-06-22
Also published as: DE102019135426A1; KR20210080236A; JP2021100370A; US20210194307A1; US11764628B2; EP3840184A1

Abstract

The invention provides a stator with offset contact pin for motor, comprising: a plurality of pins arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a center of the stator in a slot in the stator, and each concentric circle is layered; wherein in each case six pins (21-26) in different layers are connected in sequence and form a winding, a first pin of the winding being located in a first slot in a 6n-1 layer, where n is an integer; the second pin of the winding is located in a second slot in the 6n layers, wherein the second slot has a first radial distance from the first slot in a first circumferential direction of the stator; the third pin of the winding is positioned in the first slot in the 6n-2 layer; a fourth pin of the winding is positioned in the second slot of the 6n-3 layers; the fifth pin is positioned in the first groove of the 6n-5 layers; the sixth pin of the winding is located in the second slot of the 6n-4 layers).

Description

Stator with offset pins for an electric machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to a stator with offset contact pins for a motor, in particular to a motor.

Background

Electric machines are well known and are increasingly used as electric motors for driving vehicles. The motor consists of a stator and a rotor.

The stator comprises a plurality of slots in which the windings are guided. The windings may be formed from insulated copper bars, so-called pins. The rotor is located in the stator and is connected to the rotor shaft.

Such a pin, U-shaped pin or hairpin motor is known, for example, from US 9136738B 2.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a stator with windings made of pins which is easy to manufacture.

A stator for an electric machine according to the present invention includes a plurality of pins arranged on concentric circles at different distances from a center of the stator within a stator slot, and each of the concentric circles is layered, wherein in each case six pins of different layers are connected in succession and form a winding, the first pin of which is located in the first slot of the 6n-1 layer, where n is an integer, the second pin of the winding being located in a second slot of 6n layers, where the second slot has a first radial distance from the first slot in a first circumferential direction of the stator, the third pin of the winding is located in the first slot of the 6n-2 layer, the fourth pin of the winding is located in the second slot of the 6n-3 layer, the fifth pin is located in the first slot of the 6n-5 layer, and the sixth pin of the winding is located in the second slot of the 6n-4 layer.

Thus, the winding may be repeatedly cycled around the teeth. The layers may be numbered in ascending order from outside-in to the center of the stator. The number 0 does not belong to the above integers.

The stator with windings according to the present invention can be easily manufactured and generates an effective electromagnetic field. The connection type establishes a conductive connection between the pins in the slots. The connection type may be that the conductors are soldered to the pins or the pins may already be designed as double pins, so-called U-pins, so that the connection is already established when the stator is inserted. Furthermore, the welding of the ends of the pins bent over one another also represents a type of connection.

Preferably, the stator may have a first end face and a second end face, and the first pin and the second pin may be connected to each other on the second end face by a first connection type, the second pin and the third pin may be connected to each other on the first end face by a second connection type, the third pin and the fourth pin may be connected to each other on the second end face by a third connection type, the fourth pin and the fifth pin may be connected to each other on the first end face by a fourth connection type, the fifth pin and the sixth pin may be connected to each other on the second end face by a fifth connection type, wherein the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types are different from each other.

Different connection types contribute to improved manufacturing. The alternating positions of the connection types on the different end faces allow for an efficient formation of the winding around the stator teeth between the slots.

The type of connection on the same end face of the stator may also be different due to the different bending direction of the pin legs inwards or outwards with respect to the stator.

Preferably, the stator may additionally have at least two windings, and at least a sixth pin in the second slot is connected to a seventh pin in the 6n-1 layer in the third slot by a sixth connection type.

It is also possible to combine the previously listed connection types on different end faces or on the same end face of the stator. Since there is one and the same connection form on the same end face of the stator and different connection types on different end faces, simple and rapid manufacture is possible. For example, the connection is made on one end face by means of a pre-bent pin (so-called double pin or U-shaped pin) and the pins are soldered to the other separately, or one side of the double pin is soldered to the other end face of the stator. The solder joint may contact the pin or the foot of the dual pin.

Preferably, the pins of the winding at the beginning may be end pins, wherein the first end pin is configured as a single pin. For example, a single pin is an I-pin.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the first distance between the third groove and the second groove may be the same as the first distance between the second groove and the first groove.

Further, preferably, the stator may have a plurality of windings extending across the entire circumference of the stator so as to form part of the coil.

The rotating magnetic field generated by such windings has fewer interfering harmonics, thus less torque ripple and less torque ripple, and has better NVH characteristics. The windings have symmetry and can generate a uniform rotating magnetic field.

In one embodiment of the invention, the end pins at the beginning or end of the coil may be configured as a single pin. For example, a single pin is an I-pin.

In another embodiment, one pin from each of the three partial coils can be connected to each other by a seventh connection type or an eighth connection type and form a coil (201, 202). These pins may be so-called end pins because they mark the ends of the partial coils.

Preferably, the partial coils can form six coils and the coils can be assigned to three phases, so that the pins of two coils assigned to the same phase can be located in three adjacent slots in each case.

In each case, preferably, one input of the end pins of the two coils can be connected to one another by a ninth connection type.

Preferably, in each case one output of the end pins of the two coils can be connected to one another, and the two coils can thus be switched in parallel, which can also be assigned in particular to one phase.

The ninth connection type may be determined by a conductor or conductive loop applied to the pin.

The two coils may be connected in parallel or may be otherwise powered by the same phase. The parallel connection may be achieved by connecting the first and seventh end pins or the sixth and twelfth end pins in pairs.

Two coils in the same slot can be switched in parallel and supplied by one phase, so that the stator forms a winding for a three-phase motor.

Furthermore, two phases may have substantially the same current and voltage profiles, respectively, and thus a six-phase inverter can only control one three-phase motor. In the inverter using such a configuration, the switching devices can be current-divided.

Preferably, the second connection type comprises a first bipod, which is formed by a second pin and a third pin, wherein the first bipod has two pin legs which are bent inwards and have a soldered joint in each case and which bridge a first radial distance.

The double pin may consist of a bar bent in such a way that two pins are connected at a first end and the pins are located at a second end.

The bi-pin may be inserted into the stator from one end face and may be welded to the pin legs of another bi-pin on the other end face.

The first distance describes the number of slots to be bridged. The actual spatial distance to be bridged depends on the position of the pins in the layers, since dual pins connect different layers.

Preferably, the fourth connection type can additionally comprise a second bipod, which is formed by a fourth pin and a fifth pin, wherein the second bipod has two pin legs which are bent inwards and have a soldered joint in each case and which bridge the first radial distance.

In one embodiment of the invention, the sixth connection type may comprise a third double pin, which is formed by a sixth pin and a seventh or ninth pin, wherein the third double pin has two pin legs which are bent outwards and have a soldering point in each case and which bridge the first radial distance.

Preferably, the seventh connection type comprises a fourth double pin, which is formed by the second or fourth end pin and the third or fifth end pin, wherein the fourth double pin has two pin legs which are bent outwards and have a soldered joint in each case and which bridge the second radial distance.

Preferably, the eighth connection type can additionally comprise a fifth bipod formed by an eighth or tenth end pin and a ninth or eleventh end pin, wherein the fifth bipod has two pin legs which are bent inwards and have a soldered joint in each case and which bridge the second radial distance.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first single pin may comprise a first end pin and have a pin leg bent in a clockwise direction and having a solder joint.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second single pin may include a sixth end pin and have a pin leg bent in a counterclockwise direction and having a solder joint.

Preferably, the third single pin comprises a seventh end pin and has a pin leg bent in a counterclockwise direction and having a solder joint.

Preferably, the fourth single pin may additionally include a twelfth end pin and have a pin leg bent in a clockwise direction and having a solder joint.

In one embodiment, the first connection type may be formed by a soldered connection between a first solder point on a pin of the third or fourth bi-pin or first single pin and a second solder point on a pin of the first or fifth bi-pin or third single pin.

Preferably, the third connection type is formed by a soldered connection between a third solder point on the pin foot of the first or fifth bipod and a fourth solder point on the pin foot of the second bipod.

Preferably, the fifth connection type can additionally be formed by a soldered connection between a fifth solder point on the pin foot of the second two-pin and a sixth solder point on the pin foot of the third or fourth two-pin or the second single pin.

According to the invention, a vehicle has an electric machine with a stator according to one of the preferred embodiments.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a stator.

Fig. 2 shows a stator with six slots and six layers.

Fig. 3 shows the winding scheme of the first partial coil.

Fig. 4 shows a winding scheme of the second partial coil.

Fig. 5 shows a winding scheme of the third partial coil.

Fig. 6 shows a stator with three partial coils and their interconnection, i.e. the first coil.

Fig. 7 shows another winding scheme of the first partial coil.

Fig. 8 shows another winding scheme for the second partial coil.

Fig. 9 shows a further winding scheme for the third partial coil.

Fig. 10 shows a stator with three other partial coils and their interconnection, i.e. the second coil.

Fig. 11 shows a stator with two coils each consisting of three partial coils.

Fig. 12 shows a stator with two other coils.

Fig. 13 shows a stator with two other coils.

Fig. 14 shows a stator having six coils.

Fig. 15 shows the winding scheme of the first coil.

Fig. 16 shows a winding scheme of the second coil.

Fig. 17 shows two single pins.

Fig. 18 shows two bi-pins.

Fig. 19 shows a first double pin.

Fig. 20 shows a second bi-pin.

Fig. 21 shows a third two-pin.

Fig. 22 shows a fourth bi-pin.

Fig. 23 shows a fifth double pin.

Fig. 24 shows a vehicle with an electric machine, in particular an electric motor with a stator.

List of reference numerals:

1 stator

2. 3, 21-38b pin

5. 1-58, 71-78 grooves

81-88, 91-96 grooves

7 first end face

9 second end face

11 first distance

13 second distance

15 third distance

21 first end pin

28 second end pin

21a third end pin

28a fourth terminal pin

21b fifth end pin

28b sixth end pin

31 seventh end pin

38 eighth end pin

31a ninth end pin

38a tenth end pin

31b eleventh end pin

38b twelfth end pin

41-46, 41a-46a, 41b-46b windings

61 first connection type

62 second connection type

63 third connection type

64 fourth connection type

65 fifth connection type

66 sixth connection type

67 seventh connection type

68 eighth connection type

61a, b, 63a, b, 65a, b pins

101. 105, 111, 115, 121, 125 input

103. 107, 113, 117, 123, 127 outputs

211 first single insertion needle

212 second single insertion needle

213 third single insertion needle

214 fourth single insertion needle

215 first double pin

216 second two-pin

217 third double insertion needle

218 fourth double insertion needle

219 fifth double insertion needle

231 first welding point

232 second welding point

233 third welding point

234 fourth welding point

235 fifth welding point

236 sixth welding point

201 first coil

202 second coil

401 electric machine

403 vehicle

405 inverter

L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 layers

M stator center

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a stator 1 with a plurality of slots 5, in which slots 5

pins

2, 3 are guided. The stator 1 has a first end face 7 and a second end face 9 arranged opposite. Of course, the operation of the motor also requires a rotor.

Fig. 2 shows a stator 1 with slots and pins on six layers, wherein only six slots 51-56 are depicted. For example, pins 21-28 are disposed in slots. The pins are adjacent to each other in a slot. In the example of fig. 2, there is space for 6 adjacent pins in one slot. Thus, the six pins in one slot are located on different concentric circles L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6 around the stator center M, forming separate layers. The first distance 11 is between two corresponding grooves and is the same between all grooves shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 3 shows the stator of fig. 2. The pins are still arranged on concentric circles, thus on layers, wherein the concentric circles are not marked for better depiction. Fig. 3 depicts which pins are connected in sequence. First end pin 21 is positioned in first slot 51 in level L5. The first pin 21 is connected to the second pin 22 in the second slot 52 by a first connection type 61 depicted as a solid line. The second pin 22 is located in layer L6. A first distance 11, equal to the distance 11 in fig. 2, is located between the first and

second grooves

51, 52.

The second pin 22 is connected to the third pin 23 in the first slot 51 by a second connection type 62 depicted as a dashed line. Third pin 23 is located in level L4 and is in the same slot as first pin 21. The third pin 23 is connected to the fourth pin 24 via a third connection type 63 depicted as a dense dashed line. The fourth pin 24 is located in the second slot 52 and thus in the same slot as the second pin 22. The fourth pin 24 is located at level L3.

The fourth pin 24 is connected to the fifth pin 25 in the first slot 51 by a fourth connection type 64 depicted as a loose dashed line. The fifth pin 25 is in turn located in the first slot 51 and is therefore in the same slot as the first pin 21 and the third pin 23. The fifth pin 25 is located in level L1. Thus, between the third pin 23 and the fifth pin 25 in the first slot 51, there is also room for two pins in layers L2 and L3. In addition, there is room in the first slot 51 for another pin in layer L6. The fifth pin 25 is connected to the sixth pin 26 by a fifth connection type 65 depicted as a loose dashed line. The sixth pin 26 is located in the second slot 52 and thus in the same slot as the second pin 22 and the fourth pin 24. The sixth pin 26 is located in level L2. Thus, between the second pin 22 and the fourth pin 24 in the second slot 52, there is room for two pins in levels L4 and L5. In addition, there is room in second slot 52 for another pin in level L1.

The connection of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth pins forms the first winding 41. First pin 21 is also the first end pin. The end pin 21 has an input 101 for connection to an energy source (e.g., an inverter). Thus, first end pin 21 is connected to only the other pin and thus to second pin 22. Thus, first end pin 21 may be configured as a so-called single pin or type I pin.

Sixth pin 26 is connected to seventh pin 27 in level L5 in third slot 53 via a sixth connection type 66 depicted as a dashed line. The serial connection of successive pins in the stator described above begins again at the seventh pin 27, which seventh pin 27 is similar to the first pin 21 with the slots offset by 120 degrees. Unlike first pin 21, seventh pin 27 is not an end pin because seventh pin 27 is connected to the other two pins, and thus to slot 54, sixth pin 26 in level L1, and the other pin.

The series connection of seventh pin 27 with the other pins in slot 54 forms second winding 42. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 between these pins are identical to the respective first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 of the pins of the first winding 41.

The two

windings

41, 42 are connected by a sixth connection type 66. As the serial connection continues, the third winding 43 is formed in the other two

slots

55 and 56. The

windings

41, 42 and 43 are each connected using a sixth connection type 66. Thus, the sixth connection type 66 between the windings is the same. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins of the third winding 43 are also identical to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 of the first and

second windings

41, 42.

As the series connection continues, the fourth winding 44 is formed in the other two slots 57 and 58. The

windings

41, 42, 43 and 44 are each connected using a sixth connection type 66. Thus, the sixth connection type 66 between the windings is the same. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins of the fourth winding 44 are also identical to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 of the first, second and

third windings

41, 42 and 43.

The four

windings

41, 42, 43 and 44 form a first partial coil by a clockwise circuit around the stator 1. The first pin 21 additionally has an input 101 for connection to an energy source. Thus, first pin 21 of winding 41 represents the first end pin. The partial coil ends with pin 28 of the third winding 43. Thus, the last pin 28 of the third winding 43 represents the second end pin. However, second end pin 28 is connected to two other pins as compared to first end pin 21, as shown in fig. 6.

Fig. 4 shows the stator 1 of fig. 3, in which six further slots 71-76 are shown, which are directly adjacent to the slots 51-56 of fig. 3. The length of the distance 11 is the same as in fig. 3.

Pins 21a-28a are connected in the same manner as pins 21-28 in fig. 3. Even the connection type is the same as in fig. 3 and is clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. The

windings

41a, 42a and 43a are formed in the same manner as described in fig. 3 and are connected to each other clockwise by a sixth connection type 66.

The three

windings

41a, 42a and 43a form a second partial coil by a circuit surrounding the stator 1. The partial coil begins at pin 21a, the third terminal pin. However, as shown in fig. 6, third end pin 21a is connected to the other two pins as compared to first end pin 21. The partial coil ends with pin 28a of winding 43 a. Thus, the last pin 28a of the winding 43a represents the fourth end pin 28 a.

Fig. 5 shows the stator 1 of fig. 3 and 4, in which the other six slots 81-86 are shown, which are directly adjacent to the slots 71-76 of fig. 4. The length of the distance 11 is the same as in fig. 3.

Pins 21b-28b are connected in the same manner as pins 21-28 in FIG. 3 and pins 21a-28a in FIG. 4. Even the connection type is the same as in fig. 3 and 4 and is clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. The windings 41b, 42b and 43b are formed in the same manner as described in fig. 3 and 4 and are connected clockwise by a sixth connection type 66.

The three windings 41b, 42b and 43b form a third partial coil by means of an electric circuit around the stator 1. The partial coil starts at pin 21b, the fifth end pin. However, as shown in fig. 6, fifth end pin 21b is connected to the other two pins as compared to first end pin 21. The partial coil ends with pin 28b of winding 43 b. Thus, the last pin 28b of the winding 43b represents the sixth end pin. Sixth end pin 28b is in turn designed similarly to first end pin 21, thus, for example, being a single pin or type I pin, and has an output 103 for connection to an energy source.

Fig. 6 shows the pin assignments for the first, second and third partial coils of fig. 3, 4 and 5, which are indicated by black boxes. Like reference numerals refer to like pins, slots and connections in the drawings.

The slot 56, the second end pin 28 of the third winding 43 of the first partial coil in layer L2 and the slot 71, the third end pin 21a of the first winding 41a of the second partial coil in layer L5 are connected by a seventh connection type 67. The seventh connection type bridges a second distance 13 which is one slot shorter than the first distance 11. The slot 76, the fourth end pin 28a of the winding 43a of the second partial coil in layer L5 and the slot 81, and the fifth end pin 21b of the first winding 41b of the third partial coil in layer L2 are connected by a seventh connection type 67. The seventh connection type bridges the second distance 13.

Thus, the seventh connection type 67 connects two partial coils, respectively, wherein the three partial coils form a first coil 201 with an input 101 and an output 103 after three radial circuits in a clockwise direction around the stator.

Fig. 7 shows the stator of fig. 2. The pins are still arranged on concentric circles, thus on layers, wherein the concentric circles are not marked for better depiction. It depicts a first partial coil in which pins depicted as black squares on a white background are connected in sequence and form a second coil 202.

The first end pin 31 is located in the first slot 51 in level L6. The first pin 31 is also the seventh end pin 31. The end pin 31 has an input 105 for connection to an energy source (e.g., an inverter). Thus, the seventh end pin 31 is connected to the other pin only, and thus to the ninth pin 39. Thus, the seventh end pin 31 may be configured as a so-called single pin or an I-type pin. The first pin 31 of the seventh end pin is connected to the ninth pin 39 in the slot 56 by a first connection type 61 depicted as a solid line. Ninth pin 39 is located in level L5. A first distance 11, equal to distance 11 in fig. 2, is located between the first slot 51 and the slot 56.

The ninth pin 39 is connected to the sixth pin 36 in the slot 55 via a sixth connection type 66 depicted as a dashed line. Sixth pin 36 is located in layer L2. The sixth pin 36 is connected to the fifth pin 35 in the slot 54 via a fifth connection type 65 depicted as a loose dashed line. Fifth pin 35 is located in level L1. The fifth pin 35 is connected to the fourth pin 34 in the slot 55 by a fourth connection type 64 depicted as a loose dashed line.

The fourth pin 34 is connected to the third pin 33 via a third connection type 63 depicted as a dense dashed line. The third pin 33 is located in the slot 54. The third pin 33 is located in layer L4. The third pin 33 is connected to the second pin 32 in the slot 55 via a second connection type 62 depicted as a short dashed line. The second pin 32 is located in level L6. The second pin 32 is located in the slot 55 and thus in the same slot as the fourth pin 34 and the sixth pin 36. The second pin 32 is located in level L6. Thus, between the second pin 32 and the fourth pin 34 in the second slot 55, there is also room for two pins in levels L4 and L5. In addition, there is room in the slot 55 for another pin in layer L1.

The second pin 32 is connected to the seventh pin 37 in the slot 54 via a first connection type 61 depicted as a solid line. The seventh pin 37 is located in layer L5. The seventh pin 37 is located in the slot 54 and thus in the same slot as the third pin 33 and the fifth pin 35. Between the fifth pin 35 and the third pin 33 in the slot 54, there is room for the other two pins in levels L2 and L3. In addition, there is room in the slot 54 for another pin in layer L6.

The connection of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh pins forms the fourth winding 44.

The seventh pin 37 is connected to the tenth pin 36(2) by a sixth connection type 66 depicted as a dashed line. Tenth pin 36(2) is located in third slot 53 of layer L2. At the tenth pin 36(2), the aforementioned sequential connection of successive pins in the stator begins again, wherein the tenth pin 36(2) is similar to the sixth pin 36 with the slots offset by 120 degrees.

The sequential connection of the tenth pin 36(2) with the other pins in the second slot 52 forms the fifth winding 45. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 between the pins are the same as the first, second, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61-65 of the pins of the first to fourth windings 41-44.

The two

windings

44, 45 are connected by a sixth connection type 66. As the sequential connection continues, the sixth winding 46 is formed in the other two

slots

51 and 56. The windings 44-46 are connected using a sixth connection type 66. Thus, the sixth connection type 66 between the windings is the same. The first, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61, 63-65 between the pins of the sixth winding 46 are also identical to the first, third, fourth and fifth connection types 61, 63-65 of the previous windings 41-45. The sixth winding 46 is completed by a connection of the eighth connection type 68. This connection is shown in fig. 10 and described in connection with this figure.

The four windings 45-48 form a first partial coil by means of an electric circuit which surrounds the stator 1 counterclockwise. The first partial loop of the second loop 202 ends with the eighth end pin 38.

Fig. 8 shows the stator 1 of fig. 7, in which the other six slots 71-76 are shown, which are directly adjacent to the slots 51-56 of fig. 7. The length of the distance 11 is the same as in the previous figures.

Pins 31a-39a are connected in the same manner as pins 31-39 in fig. 7. Even the connection type is the same as in the above-described drawings and is clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. The

windings

44a, 45a and 46a are formed in the same manner as described in fig. 7 and are connected counterclockwise by a sixth connection type 66.

The three

windings

44a, 45a and 46a form a second partial coil by a circuit that surrounds the stator 1 counterclockwise. The partial coil begins at pin 31a, the ninth end pin. However, as shown in fig. 10, the ninth end pin 31a is connected to the other two pins as compared to the seventh end pin 31. The partial coil ends with pin 38a of winding 46 a. Thus, pin 38a of winding 46a represents the tenth end pin 38 a. Furthermore, the winding 46a has two

end pins

31a, 38 a.

Fig. 9 shows the stator 1 of fig. 7 and 8, in which the other six slots 81-86 are shown, which are directly adjacent to the slots 71-76 of fig. 8. The length of the distance 11 is the same as in the previous figures.

Pins 31b-39b are connected in the same manner as pins 31-39 in FIG. 7 and pins 31a-39a in FIG. 8. Even the connection type is the same as in the above-described drawings and is clearly indicated by the same reference numerals. The

windings

44b, 45b and 46b are formed in the same manner as described in fig. 7 and 8 and are connected counterclockwise by a sixth connection type 66.

The three

windings

44b, 45b and 46b form a third partial coil by means of an electric circuit around the stator 1. The partial coil begins at pin 31b, the eleventh terminal pin. However, as shown in fig. 10, the eleventh end pin 31b is connected to the other two pins as compared with the seventh end pin 31. The partial coil ends with pin 38b of winding 46 b. Thus, pin 38b of winding 46b represents the twelfth end pin. The twelfth end pin 38b is in turn designed similar to the seventh end pin, thus, for example, being a single pin or type I pin, and having an output 107 for connection to an energy source.

Fig. 10 shows the pin assignments for the first, second and third partial loops of the second loop 202 of fig. 7, 8 and 9, which are indicated by black squares on a white background. Like reference numerals refer to like pins, slots and connections in the drawings.

The slot 56, the eighth end pin 38 of the winding 46 of the first partial coil in the layer L3 and the slot 71, the ninth end pin 31a of the winding 46a of the second partial coil in the layer L5 are connected by an eighth connection type 68. The eighth connection type bridges the second distance 13, which is one slot shorter than the first distance. The slot 76, the tenth end pin 38a of the winding 46a of the second partial coil in layer L3 and the slot 81, the eleventh end pin 31b of the winding 46b of the third partial coil in layer L1 are connected by an eighth connection type 68.

The eighth connection type 68 thus connects two partial coils each, wherein the three partial coils form a second coil 202 with an input 105 and an output 107 after three radial circuits in a counterclockwise direction around the stator. The third distance 15 is shown in the figure as being two slots shorter than the first distance 11 in the previous figures. The blocks of three adjacent slots which are occupied by the pins of the coil have in each case a third distance 15 from one another.

Fig. 11 shows a first coil 201 and a second coil 202 from the previous figures in a stator 1. Like reference numerals in the previous drawings refer to like pins, slots and connection types.

Fig. 12 shows two further coils, which are formed by pins with black or white dots, respectively. 3-6, three partial coils of a coil having pins with white dots are formed, with the slots offset by 20 degrees in the clockwise direction. According to the description of fig. 7-10, three partial coils of a coil with pins with black dots are formed, wherein the slots are rotated 20 degrees in the clockwise direction.

Fig. 13 shows two further coils, since they are formed by pins with a black cross or a white cross, respectively. According to the description of fig. 3-6, three partial coils of a coil with pins having a white cross are formed, wherein the slots are offset by 40 degrees in the clockwise direction. According to the description of fig. 7-10, three partial coils of a coil having pins with black crosses are formed, wherein the slots are offset by 40 degrees in the clockwise direction.

Fig. 14 shows pin assignments for six coils as a combination of fig. 11, 12 and 13. In particular, as is clear from the positions of the

inputs

101, 105, 111, 115, 121 and 125 and the

outputs

103, 107, 113, 117, 123 and 127, the interconnection of the coils can be made within twenty-four slots. For example, in a stator having fifty-four slots, the interconnection of the input and output may thus be in the range of slightly less than half the circumference of the stator. Individual switching within thirteen slots is possible with reference to only the input or output.

Fig. 15 shows a winding scheme of three partial coils of the first coil 201. Consecutive "slot numbers" are not reference numerals. The reference numerals with arrows pointing to the grooves are the same as in the previous figures and can be compared with these figures.

Fig. 16 shows a winding scheme of three partial coils of the second coil 202. Consecutive "slot numbers" are not reference numerals. The reference numerals with arrows pointing to the grooves are the same as in the previous figures and can be compared with these figures.

Fig. 17 shows a first single pin 211, also referred to as an I-pin, on the left side. The first end pin 21 is centrally located and is arranged in, for example, the first slot 51, layer L5 of the stator. The reference numerals are the same as in the previous figures. The first single pin 211 is depicted with the first end face 7 facing upwards when viewed from the center of the stator. At the lower end, the first single pin 211 has a pin leg 61a with a first solder joint 231.

Inputs

101, 111, and 121 are located at the upper end.

A second single pin 212 is shown in fig. 17. The sixth end pin 28b is centrally located and is arranged, for example, in the slot 86, layer L2 of the stator. The reference numerals are the same as in the previous figures. The pins are depicted with the first end face 7 facing upwards, seen from the centre of the stator. At the lower end, the second single pin 212 has a pin foot 65b with a sixth solder point 236.

Outputs

103, 113 and 123 are located at the upper end.

Fig. 18 shows a third single pin 213, also referred to as an I-pin, on the left side. The seventh end pin 31 is centrally located and is arranged in, for example, the first slot 51, layer L6 of the stator. The reference numerals are the same as in the previous figures. The single prong 213 is depicted with the first end face 7 facing upwards when viewed from the center of the stator. At the lower end, the third single pin 213 has a pin leg 61b with a second solder joint 232.

Inputs

105, 115 and 125 are located at the upper end.

The fourth single pin 214 is shown on the right side of fig. 18. The twelfth end pin 38b is centrally located and is disposed, for example, in the slot 86, layer L4 of the stator. The reference numerals are the same as in the previous figures. The pins are depicted with the first end face 7 facing upwards, seen from the centre of the stator. At the lower end, the fourth single pin 214 has a pin leg 63a with a third solder point 233.

Outputs

107, 117, and 127 are located at the upper end.

Fig. 19 shows a first double pin 215, or U-shaped pin, which establishes a second connection type 62 between the second pins 22, 22a, 22b, 32a and 32b and the

third pins

23, 23a, 23b, 33a and 33 b. The double pin 215 may bridge the first distance 11 between the slots. At the lower end, the double pin has two

pins

63a, 61b bent inwards with a third solder point 233 and a second solder point 232.

Fig. 20 shows a second bi-pin 216, or U-shaped pin, which establishes a fourth connection type 64 between

fifth pins

25, 25a, 25b, 35a, and 35b and

fourth pins

24, 24a, 24b, 34a, and 34 b. The bi-pin 216 may bridge the first distance 11 between the slots. At the lower end, the double pin has two

pins

65a, 63b bent inwards with a fifth 235 and a fourth 234 welding point.

Fig. 21 shows a third double pin 217 or U-shaped pin, which establishes a sixth connection type 66 between the

sixth pin

26, 26a, 26b, 36a, 36b, 36(2), 36a (2) and 36b (2) and the seventh or

ninth pin

27, 27a, 27b, 37a, 37b, 39a and 39 b. The third duplex pin 217 may bridge the first distance 11 between the slots. At the lower end, the double pin has two

pins

65b, 61a bent outwards with a sixth solder point 236 and a first solder point 231.

The distance 11 is only the same as the number of slots to be bridged. Because the dual pins connect different layers, the actual spatial distance to be bridged is different.

Fig. 22 shows a fourth double pin 218 or U-shaped pin, which establishes a seventh connection type 67 between the second or

fourth end pin

28, 28a and the third or

fifth end pin

21a, 21 b. The fourth duplex pin 218 may bridge the second distance 13 and thus be one slot less than the first distance 11. At the lower end, the fourth duplex pin 218 has two

legs

65b, 61a bent outwardly with a sixth solder point 236 and a first solder point 231.

Fig. 23 shows a fifth double pin 219 or U-shaped pin which establishes an eighth connection type 68 between an eighth or

tenth end pin

38, 38a and a ninth or

eleventh end pin

31a, 31 b. The fifth double prong 219 may bridge the second distance 13 and thus be one slot less than the first distance 11. At the lower end, the fifth bi-pin 219 has two

pins

The different single and double pins in fig. 17-23 have similar pin legs. According to the winding scheme, the first connection type 61 is formed by welding a first welding point 231 on the pin foot 61a to a second welding point 232 on the pin foot 61 b. The third connection type 63 is formed by soldering a third soldering point 233 on the pin foot 63a to a fourth soldering point 234 on the pin foot 63b, according to the winding scheme. The fifth connection type 65 is formed by soldering a fifth soldering point 235 on the pin foot 65a to a sixth soldering point 236 on the pin foot 65b, according to the winding scheme. The single pins are also connected to the double pins by respective connection types so that the pins circulate in the stator as continuous electrical conductors. Fig. 24 is a basic schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 403, such as a hybrid or electric vehicle including an electric machine 401 (in particular an electric motor), with an exemplary embodiment of a stator 1 for driving the vehicle 403. Further, the vehicle 403 may have an inverter 405 that supplies alternating current power from a direct current power supply to the motor 401.

Claims

1. A stator (1) for an electric machine (100), comprising:

a plurality of pins (21-26) arranged in concentric circles at different distances from a stator center (M) in slots (51-58, 71-78, 81-88) in the stator, and each concentric circle layered (L1-L6);

wherein in each case six pins (21-26) in different layers (L1-L6) are connected in succession and form a winding (41-43),

-a first pin (21, 27) of said winding (41-43) is located in a first slot (51, 53, 55) in a 6n-1 layer (L5), where n is an integer;

-a second pin (22) of the winding (41-43) is located in a second slot (52, 54, 56) in a 6n layer (L6), wherein the second slot (52, 54, 56) has a first radial distance (11) from the first slot (51, 53, 55) in a first circumferential direction of the stator (1);

the third pin (23) of the winding (41-43) is located in the first slot (51, 53, 55) in the 6n-2 layer (L4);

the fourth pin (24) of the winding (41-43) is located in the second slot (52, 54, 56) of the 6n-3 layer (L3);

a fifth pin (25) is located in the first slot (51, 53, 55) of the 6n-5 layer (L1);

the sixth pin (26) of the winding (41-43) is located in the second slot (52, 54, 56) of the 6n-4 layer (L2).

2. A stator (1) according to claim 1, wherein the stator (1) has a first end face (7) and a second end face (9); and is

The first pin (21) and the second pin (22) are connected to one another on the second end face by a first connection type (61);

the second pin (22) and the third pin (23) are connected to one another on the first end face (7) by a second connection type (62);

the third pin (23) and the fourth pin (24) are connected to one another on the second end face by a third connection type (63);

the fourth pin (24) and the fifth pin (25) are connected to one another on the first end face (7) by a fourth connection type (64);

the fifth pin (25) and the sixth pin (26) are connected to one another on the second end face by a fifth connection type (65);

wherein the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth connection types are different from each other.

3. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stator (1) has at least two windings (41-43) and at least a sixth pin (26) in the second slot (52, 54) is connected to a seventh pin (27) in the 6n-1 layer (L5) in a third slot (53) by a sixth connection type (66).

4. A stator (1) according to claim 3, wherein a first distance (11) between the third slot (53) and the second slot (52) is the same as a first distance (11) between the second slot (52) and the first slot (51).

5. A stator (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the stator (1) has a plurality of windings (41, 42, 43), the plurality of windings (41, 42, 43) extending across the entire circumference of the stator (1) forming part of a coil.

6. Stator (1) according to claim 5, wherein one pin (21a, 21b, 28a, 31b, 38b) from the three partial coils, respectively, are connected to each other by a seventh connection type (67) or an eighth connection type (68) and form a coil (201, 202).

7. Stator (1) according to claim 6, wherein the partial coils form six coils and the coils are assigned to three phases such that the pins (21-38b) from two coils assigned to the same phase are located in three adjacent slots (51-56, 71-76, 81-86) in each case.

8. Stator (1) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein one input (101, 105, 111, 115, 121, 125) from the end pins (21, 31) of the two coils (201, 202) are connected to each other by a ninth connection type, respectively.

9. Stator (1) according to claim 8, wherein one output (103, 107, 113, 117, 123, 127) of the end pins (28b, 38b) of the two coils (201, 202) is connected to each other, respectively, and the two coils (201, 202) are thus switched in parallel and in particular assigned to one phase.

10. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second connection type (62) comprises a first double pin (215), which first double pin (215) is formed by the second pin (22, 22a, 22b, 32a, 32b) and the third pin (23, 23a, 23b, 33a, 33b), wherein the first double pin (215) has two pin legs (61b, 63a) which are bent inwards and in each case have a respective soldering point (233, 232) and which bridge a first radial distance (11).

11. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fourth connection type (64) comprises a second bi-pin (216), which second bi-pin (216) is formed by the fourth pin (24, 24a, 24b, 34a, 34b) and the fifth pin (25, 25a, 25b, 35a, 35b), wherein the second bi-pin (216) has two pin legs (63b, 65b) which are bent inwards and in each case have a respective soldering point (235, 234) and which bridge the first radial distance (11).

12. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sixth connection type (66) comprises a third two-pin (217), which third two-pin (217) is formed by the sixth pin (26, 26a, 26b, 36a, 36b, 36(2), 36a (2), 36b (2)) and the seventh or ninth pin (27, 27a, 27b, 37a, 37b, 39a, 39b), wherein the third two-pin (217) has two pin legs (61a, 65b) which are bent outwards and have in each case a respective soldering point (236, 231) and which bridge the first radial distance (11).

13. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the seventh connection type (67) comprises a fourth bipin pin (218), which fourth bipin pin (218) is formed by a second or fourth end pin (28, 28a) and a third or fifth end pin (21, 21a), wherein the fourth bipin pin (218) has two pin legs (65b, 61a) which are bent outwards and have in each case a respective soldering point (236, 231) and which bridge a second radial distance (13).

14. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an eighth connection type (68) comprises a fifth bipin pin (219), which fifth bipin pin (219) is formed by an eighth or tenth end pin (38, 38a) and a ninth or eleventh end pin (31a, 31b), wherein the fifth bipin pin (219) has two pin legs (63a, 61b) which are bent inwards and in each case have a respective soldering point (233, 232) and which bridge the second radial distance (13).

15. The stator (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first single pin (211) comprises a first end pin (21) and has a pin foot (61a) bent in a clockwise direction and having a soldering point (231).

16. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second single pin (212) comprises a sixth end pin (28b) and has a pin foot (65b) bent in a counter-clockwise direction and having a soldered joint (236).

17. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the third single pin (213) comprises a seventh end pin (31) and has a pin foot (61b) bent in a counter-clockwise direction and having a soldering point (232).

18. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fourth single pin (214) comprises a twelfth end pin (38b) and has a pin foot (63a) bent in a clockwise direction and having a soldering point (233).

19. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connection type (61) is formed by a soldered connection between a first soldering point (231) on a pin foot (61a) of the third or fourth bi-pin (217, 218, 211) and a second soldering point (232) on a pin foot (61b) of the first or fifth bi-pin (215, 219).

20. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the third connection type (63) is formed by a soldered connection between a third soldering point (233) on a pin foot (63a) of the first (215) or fifth (219) bipin-terpin and a fourth soldering point (234) on a pin foot (63b) of the second bipin-pin (216).

21. Stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fifth connection type (65) is formed by a soldered connection between a fifth soldering point (235) on a pin foot (65a) of the second double pin (216) and a sixth soldering point (236) on a pin foot (65b) of the third double pin (217) or the fourth double pin (218) or the second single pin (212).

22. A vehicle (403) having an electric machine (401), the electric machine (401) having a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims.