CN113013634A - Circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on low dielectric loss liquid material - Google Patents

Circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on low dielectric loss liquid material Download PDF

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CN113013634A
CN113013634A CN202110236940.0A CN202110236940A CN113013634A CN 113013634 A CN113013634 A CN 113013634A CN 202110236940 A CN202110236940 A CN 202110236940A CN 113013634 A CN113013634 A CN 113013634A
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strip
shaped cavity
lambda
liquid material
equal
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CN113013634B (en
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陈哲
李昊展
袁涛
全智
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means

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Abstract

The invention provides a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material, which comprises a feed body, a metal floor and a dielectric layer for exciting TM01And TM10A rectangular radiating patch of the mold; a first strip-shaped cavity, a second strip-shaped cavity and a metal sheet for coupling the radiation patch are arranged between the metal floor and the radiation patch; one side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the first strip-shaped cavity, and the other side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the second strip-shaped cavity; the intersection point of the projections of the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity is superposed with the center of the radiation patch; feed deviceThe electric body feeds power to the metal sheet, and the projection of the feed point falls on the diagonal position of the radiation patch deviated from the center of the radiation patch; the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity are independent from each other and are used for loading liquid materials; when only the first strip-shaped cavity is loaded with liquid materials, the antenna realizes right-hand circular polarization; when only the second strip-shaped cavity is loaded with liquid materials, the antenna realizes left-handed circular polarization; the liquid material has a dielectric constant of 5 to 7.

Description

Circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on low dielectric loss liquid material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave communication, in particular to a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile technologies such as satellite navigation and radio frequency identification, the demand for polarization-adjustable adaptive antennas is increasingly obvious. The polarization reconfigurable antenna can reduce fading loss and suppress channel interference, and thus is widely applied to wireless communication technologies such as WI-FI and bluetooth.
At present, the application of a switching element such as a PIN diode in a polarization reconfigurable antenna is common. In the prior art, a PIN diode switching element is generally used to implement antenna polarization reconfiguration, but because the PIN diode is a solid-state electrical device, such a traditional switching element is a solid-state tuning element, and a direct-current power supply and a bias circuit are additionally introduced into such a solid-state tuning element, which increases the complexity of antenna design and affects the performance of the antenna; moreover, the non-linear characteristics of the solid-state device itself can cause hybridization of frequencies and distortion of antenna performance. In addition, the efficiency of the antenna is affected by mechanical losses and path losses of the solid state electrical device. In recent years, liquid media and liquid metal materials have been widely used to dynamically adjust the performance of antennas. Liquid based tuning devices have the properties of mobility, high linearity, etc. compared to solid state tuning devices. It provides more flexible tuning and less non-linear distortion. The control mode and the holding container are two major concerns of the liquid tuning device. In the prior art, micro-pumps and plastic tubing are used to connect to the container to control the injection and discharge of the liquid material; the liquid containing container is printed by using a 3D printing technology, so that liquid can be more conveniently injected and discharged. The liquid antenna test is distinguished from the solid antenna test in that the liquid antenna test also requires consideration of how the liquid can be filled into the container and filled into the container without generating excessive air bubbles.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna with high antenna efficiency is designed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material comprises a feed body, a metal floor and a dielectric layer for exciting TM01Mode and TM10A radiation patch of a mold; a first strip-shaped cavity, a second strip-shaped cavity and a metal sheet for coupling the radiation patch are arranged between the metal floor and the radiation patch; the radiation patch is rectangular, one side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the first strip-shaped cavity, and the other side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the second strip-shaped cavity; the intersection point of the projections of the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity is superposed with the center of the radiation patch; the feed body feeds electricity to the metal sheet, and the projection of a feed point falls on the diagonal position of the radiation patch deviated from the center of the radiation patch; the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity are independent from each other and are used for loading liquid materials; when only the first strip-shaped cavity is loaded with the liquid material, the antenna realizes right-hand circular polarization; when only the second strip-shaped cavity is loaded with liquid materials, the antenna realizes left-handed circular polarization; the liquid material has a dielectric constant of 5 to 7.
Furthermore, when the metal floor is used as a bottom surface and the antenna is overlooked, one end of the first strip-shaped cavity, the metal sheet, one end of the second strip-shaped cavity, the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity are sequentially arranged in the clockwise direction.
Further, the width or diameter of the first strip-shaped cavity is A, and the length of the first strip-shaped cavity is B; the width or the diameter of the second strip-shaped cavity is C, and the length of the second strip-shaped cavity is D; the central working frequency wavelength of the antenna is lambda, wherein A is more than or equal to 0.025 lambda and less than or equal to 0.029 lambda, B is more than or equal to 0.784 lambda and less than or equal to 0.864 lambda, C is more than or equal to 0.025 lambda and less than or equal to 0.029 lambda, and D is more than or equal to 0.784 lambda and less than or equal to 0.864 lambda.
Furthermore, the length of the radiation patch is E, the width of the radiation patch is F, wherein E is more than or equal to 0.332 lambda and less than or equal to 0.341 lambda, and F is more than or equal to 0.332 lambda and less than or equal to 0.341 lambda.
Furthermore, the metal sheet is rectangular, the length of the metal sheet is G, and the width of the metal sheet is I; the distance from the projection of the feed point on the radiation patch to the center of the radiation patch is H; the distance from the metal sheet to the radiation patch is H, wherein G is more than or equal to 0.104 lambda and less than or equal to 0.112 lambda, I is more than or equal to 0.064 lambda and less than or equal to 0.08 lambda, H is more than or equal to 0.176 lambda and less than or equal to 0.184 lambda, and H is more than or equal to 0.0112 lambda and less than or equal to 0.0128 lambda.
Furthermore, the metal floor, the metal sheet and the radiation patch are all parallel to each other.
The micro pump set is composed of a first pump for injecting liquid material into the first strip-shaped cavity, a second pump for injecting liquid material into the second strip-shaped cavity, a third pump for pumping the liquid material out of the first strip-shaped cavity and a fourth pump for pumping the liquid material out of the second strip-shaped cavity.
Furthermore, the device also comprises four auxiliary pipelines with upward openings; one end of the first strip-shaped cavity is connected with the first pump through the auxiliary pipeline, and the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity is connected with the third pump through the auxiliary pipeline; one end of the second strip-shaped cavity is connected with the second pump through the auxiliary pipeline, and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity is connected with the fourth pump through the auxiliary pipeline.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the first strip-shaped cavity and the outer wall of the second strip-shaped cavity are formed by 3D printing and are integrally formed, and the intersection of the two outer walls is the midpoint position of the first strip-shaped cavity and the midpoint position of the second strip-shaped cavity.
The fixing device comprises a fixing column, a fixing device and a fixing device, wherein the fixing column is at least provided with a fixing column, and the fixing column is composed of a nylon upright column and a nylon screw; the radiation patch is fixed on the metal floor through the upright post group; the feed body is a coaxial feed body; the liquid material is ethyl acetate; the dielectric constant of the material used for 3D printing is 2.6-3.0, and the dielectric loss is 0.01-0.03.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: a liquid material with low dielectric loss is used for replacing a traditional PIN diode switch element of an electric device to serve as a switch element of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna. By controlling the loading states of the two cavities which are orthogonal to each other and are used for loading the liquid material, the medium between the radiation patch and the metal floor is changed from isotropy to anisotropy, so that the reconstruction of the circularly polarized antenna is realized, and the higher radiation efficiency of the antenna is kept. The metal sheet is used for adjusting the impedance matching of the antenna and widening the bandwidth of the antenna. In the structure, the air in the cavity can be discharged when the liquid material with low dielectric loss is injected, the residue in the cavity is less after the air is discharged, the influence of the residue on the performance of the antenna is small, and the control is facilitated.
Drawings
The detailed structure of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the appearance of a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exploded view of a part of the structure of the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a top view of a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material according to the present invention;
figure 5 is a bottom view of a circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of the present invention;
the device comprises a metal floor 1, a radiation patch 2, a metal sheet 3, a first strip-shaped cavity 4, a second strip-shaped cavity 5, a feed body 6, an auxiliary pipeline 7, a fixing column 8, a nylon upright column 81 and a nylon screw 82.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in dielectric constant and dielectric loss of ethyl acetate in the 1-3GHz band;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in dielectric constant and dielectric loss of water in the 1-3GHz band;
fig. 8 is a diagram of axial ratio of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization of the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization reflection coefficient curve diagram of the circular polarization reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material of the invention;
fig. 10 is a graph of the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization efficiency and gain variation of the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a radiation pattern at 2.4GHz when the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of the present invention is left-handed circularly polarized;
fig. 12 is a radiation pattern at 2.4GHz when the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material is right-hand circularly polarized according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The conception of the invention is as follows: the electromagnetic property of the medium between the radiation patch and the metal floor is changed through the liquid medium, and then the circular polarization reconstruction of the patch antenna is achieved.
In order to further explain the feasibility of the inventive concept, the embodiments according to the technical contents, construction features, objectives and effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on low dielectric loss liquid material includes a feed 6, a metal floor 1 and a dielectric layer for exciting TM01Mode and TM10A radiation patch 2 of the mold; a first strip-shaped cavity 4, a second strip-shaped cavity 5 and a metal sheet 3 for coupling the radiation patch 2 are arranged between the metal floor 1 and the radiation patch 2; the radiation patch 2 is rectangular, one side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the first strip-shaped cavity 4, and the other side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the second strip-shaped cavity 5; the intersection point of the projections of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 coincides with the center of the radiation patch 2; the feeder 6 feeds power to the metal sheet 3, and the projection of a feeding point falls on a diagonal position of the radiation patch 2 which is deviated from the center thereof; the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are independent from each other, namely, the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity are not communicated with each other; the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are used for loading liquid materials; when only the first strip-shaped cavity is formed4, when liquid materials are loaded, the antenna realizes right-hand circular polarization; when only the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is loaded with liquid materials, the antenna realizes left-handed circular polarization; the liquid material has a dielectric constant of 5 to 7.
From the above, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: and a liquid material with low dielectric loss is used for replacing a PIN diode switching element of a traditional electric device to be used as a switching element of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna, and the circularly polarized reconfiguration of the patch antenna is controlled. By controlling the loading state of two cavities which are orthogonal to each other and are used for loading liquid materials, the medium between the radiation patch and the metal floor is changed from isotropy to anisotropy, so that the reconstruction of the circularly polarized antenna is realized, and the higher radiation efficiency of the antenna is kept. The metal sheet is used for adjusting the impedance matching of the antenna and widening the bandwidth of the antenna. In the structure, the air in the cavity can be discharged when the liquid material is injected, the residue in the cavity is less after the air is discharged, the influence on the performance of the antenna is small, and the control is facilitated.
The antenna can realize reconfiguration of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization mainly by injecting liquid materials into the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 respectively. The liquid material acting as a TM for excitation of the patch antenna01And TM10The two modes carry out dielectric interference, so that the dielectric constants in two orthogonal directions on the horizontal plane of a dielectric plate of the patch antenna are changed from the same to different, and the TM is further changed01Mode and TM10The modes realize degenerate separation, and the phase difference of the two modes is 90 degrees by properly adjusting the sizes of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5, so that the circular polarization condition of the antenna is met.
Further, when the metal floor 1 is used as a bottom surface and the antenna is overlooked, one end of the first strip-shaped cavity 4, the metal sheet 3, one end of the second strip-shaped cavity 5, the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity 4, and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are sequentially arranged in a clockwise direction. The antenna is ensured to realize right-hand circular polarization when only the first strip-shaped cavity 4 is loaded with liquid materials; when only the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is loaded with liquid material, the antenna realizes left-handed circular polarization.
Further, the first bar-shaped cavity 4 has a width or diameter a and a length B; the width or diameter of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is C, and the length of the second strip-shaped cavity is D; the central working frequency wavelength of the antenna is lambda, wherein A is more than or equal to 0.025 lambda and less than or equal to 0.029 lambda, B is more than or equal to 0.784 lambda and less than or equal to 0.864 lambda, C is more than or equal to 0.025 lambda and less than or equal to 0.029 lambda, and D is more than or equal to 0.784 lambda and less than or equal to 0.864 lambda. The length of the radiation patch 2 is E, the width is F, wherein E is more than or equal to 0.332 lambda and less than or equal to 0.341 lambda, and F is more than or equal to 0.332 lambda and less than or equal to 0.341 lambda. The metal sheet 3 is rectangular, the length is G, and the width is I; the distance from the projection of the feed point on the radiation patch 2 to the center of the radiation patch 2 is H; the distance from the metal sheet 3 to the radiation patch 2 is H, wherein G is more than or equal to 0.104 lambda and less than or equal to 0.112 lambda, I is more than or equal to 0.064 lambda and less than or equal to 0.08 lambda, H is more than or equal to 0.176 lambda and less than or equal to 0.184 lambda, and H is more than or equal to 0.0112 lambda and less than or equal to 0.0128 lambda. Within the above size range, the performance of the circularly polarized antenna is further optimized. The width or diameter of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 needs to be in the range of 0.025 lambda-0.029 lambda to achieve better performance of the circularly polarized antenna; when the first strip-shaped cavity 4 or the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is exhausted, the residual liquid material is small in amount, namely the corresponding width is small, so that the influence of the residual liquid material on the performance of the antenna can be ignored.
Further, the metal floor 1, the metal sheet 3 and the radiation patch 2 are all parallel to each other. At this time, the performance of the circularly polarized antenna is further optimized.
Further, a micro-pump group is included, which consists of a first pump for injecting liquid material into the first strip-shaped cavity 4, a second pump for injecting liquid material into the second strip-shaped cavity 5, a third pump for withdrawing liquid material from the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and a fourth pump for withdrawing liquid material from the second strip-shaped cavity 5. The first pump, the second pump, the third pump and the fourth pump are all micropumps, the injection and the discharge of liquid materials in the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are controlled through a microfluid technology, redundant bubbles generated in the cavities can be effectively avoided during injection, and the liquid materials can be effectively discharged during emptying.
Further, the device also comprises four auxiliary pipelines 7 with upward openings; one end of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 is connected with the first pump through an auxiliary pipeline 7, and the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity is connected with the third pump through the auxiliary pipeline 7; one end of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is connected with the second pump through the auxiliary pipeline 7, and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity is connected with the fourth pump through the auxiliary pipeline 7. The auxiliary conduit 7 opens upwards, facilitating the injection and discharge of the liquid material by the micro-pump, due to the influence of gravity factors. The auxiliary pipelines are arranged at two tail ends of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5.
Further, the outer wall of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the outer wall of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are formed by 3D printing and are integrally formed, and the intersection of the two outer walls is the midpoint position of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the midpoint position of the second strip-shaped cavity 5. The first strip-shaped cavity 4 is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the second strip-shaped cavity 5; the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the first strip-shaped cavity 4. Preferably, the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are of equal length.
Further, the device also comprises a stand column group, wherein the stand column group is at least provided with a fixing column 8, and the fixing column is composed of a nylon stand column 81 and a nylon screw 82; the radiation patch 2 is fixed on the metal floor 1 through the upright post group, so that the overall consistency of the antenna is enhanced; the purpose of fixing the radiation patch 2 is achieved by screwing a nylon screw 82 into one end of a nylon upright column 81; the feeder 6 is a coaxial feeder, and an inner conductor of the coaxial feeder feeds electricity to the metal sheet 3 after penetrating through a round hole in the metal floor 1; the liquid material is ethyl acetate; the material used for 3D printing is photosensitive resin, the dielectric constant is 2.6-3.0, and the dielectric loss is 0.01-0.03.
To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following test examples are used:
test example
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on low dielectric loss liquid material includes a feed 6, a metal floor 1, and a dielectric layer for exciting TM01Mode and TM10A radiation patch 2 of the mould, a micro pump set, an auxiliary pipeline 7 and a column set; a first strip-shaped cavity 4, a second strip-shaped cavity 5 and a metal sheet 3 for coupling the radiation patch 2 are arranged between the metal floor 1 and the radiation patch 2; the radiation patch2 is rectangular, one side of the rectangular; the intersection point of the projections of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 coincides with the center of the radiation patch 2; the feeder 6 feeds power to the metal sheet 3, and the projection of a feeding point falls on a diagonal position of the radiation patch 2 which is deviated from the center thereof; the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are independent from each other and are used for loading liquid materials, and the liquid materials are ethyl acetate; when only the first strip-shaped cavity 4 is loaded with ethyl acetate, the antenna realizes right-hand circular polarization; when only the second bar-shaped cavity 5 is loaded with ethyl acetate, the antenna realizes left-handed circular polarization. With the metal floor 1 as the bottom surface, when the antenna is overlooked, one end of the first strip-shaped cavity 4, the metal sheet 3, one end of the second strip-shaped cavity 5, the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity 4, and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are arranged in sequence in the clockwise direction. The metal floor 1, the metal sheet 3 and the radiation patch 2 are all parallel to each other.
The central working frequency wavelength of the antenna is lambda, the width of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 is 0.0288 lambda, and the length of the first strip-shaped cavity is 0.08 lambda; the width of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is 0.0288 lambda, and the length is 0.08 lambda. The radiating patch 2 has a length of 0.336 λ and a width of 0.336 λ. The metal sheet 3 is rectangular, the length is 0.108 lambda, and the width is 0.072 lambda; the distance from the projection of the feed point on the radiation patch 2 to the center of the radiation patch 2 is 0.181 lambda; the distance from the metal sheet 3 to the radiation patch 2 is 0.012 λ.
The micro pump set is composed of a first pump for injecting ethyl acetate into the first strip-shaped cavity 4, a second pump for injecting ethyl acetate into the second strip-shaped cavity 5, a third pump for pumping the ethyl acetate out of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and a fourth pump for pumping the ethyl acetate out of the second strip-shaped cavity 5.
Four auxiliary pipelines 7 are arranged, and the openings of the auxiliary pipelines are upward; one end of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 is connected with the first pump through an auxiliary pipeline 7, and the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity is connected with the third pump through the auxiliary pipeline 7; one end of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 is connected with the second pump through the auxiliary pipeline 7, and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity is connected with the fourth pump through the auxiliary pipeline 7. The outer wall of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the outer wall of the second strip-shaped cavity 5 are formed by 3D printing and are integrally formed, and the intersection of the two outer walls is the midpoint position of the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the midpoint position of the second strip-shaped cavity 5. The upright post group is at least provided with a fixing post 8, and the fixing post 8 consists of a nylon upright post 81 and a nylon screw 82; the radiation patch 2 is fixed on the metal floor 1 through the upright post group; the feeder 6 is a coaxial feeder; the material used for 3D printing is photosensitive resin, the dielectric constant is 2.8, and the dielectric loss is 0.03.
The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of ethyl acetate and water were measured in the frequency band of 1GHz-3GHz, respectively, and the results are shown in fig. 6 and 7. FIG. 6 shows the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the liquid material ethyl acetate used in the design of this test example in the 1GHz-3GHz band. FIG. 7 shows the dielectric constant and loss of water in the 1GHz-3GHz band. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the dielectric constant of ethyl acetate is between 5 and 6 in the frequency band of 1GHz to 3GHz, and the dielectric loss is less than 0.06. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the dielectric constant of water is between 77 and 79 in the frequency band of 1GHz to 3GHz, and the dielectric loss is 0.05 to 0.15. This is more suitable as a liquid material for adjusting the relative dielectric constant of the antenna than the high dielectric constant of water. Also, at the same frequency point, the loss of ethyl acetate is also lower than the loss of water.
Fig. 8 shows the axial ratio of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization designed in this test example, and it can be seen from fig. 8 that the 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 60MHz, which is about 2.5%, where the RHCP has the smallest axial ratio at the frequency point of 2.4GHz, and the circular polarization effect is the best; the axial ratio of the LHCP is minimum at the frequency point of 2.39GHz, and the circular polarization effect is optimal.
Fig. 9 shows a reflection coefficient curve of the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized antennas designed in this test example, and it can be seen from fig. 9 that the frequency band where the reflection coefficient S11 of the antenna is lower than-10 dB is 2.29GHz-2.51GHz, and the impedance bandwidth is 220MHz, which is about 9.1%.
Fig. 10 shows the efficiency and gain of the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized antennas designed according to the present test example, and it can be seen from fig. 10 that the radiation efficiency of the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized antennas is above 95%, while the radiation efficiency of the left-hand circularly polarized antenna at the 2.4GHz frequency point is 97.6%, and the radiation efficiency of the right-hand circularly polarized antenna at the 2.4GHz frequency point is 96.5%. The gain of the antenna is also over 7dB, wherein the maximum gain of the left-handed circularly polarized antenna is about 8.44dB at a frequency point of 2.4 GHz; the maximum gain of the right-hand circularly polarized antenna is about 8.37dB at the frequency point of 2.4 GHz. This also demonstrates that a control scheme using liquid material as the polarization means can result in very high radiation efficiency of the antenna.
FIG. 11 shows the radiation pattern of the left-handed circularly polarized antenna in the design of this test example at the frequency point of 2.4GHz, wherein FIG. 11(a) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna at the frequency point of 2.4GHz
Figure BDA0002960584680000091
Radiation pattern of time, FIG. 11(b) shows the antenna at the 2.4GHz frequency point
Figure BDA0002960584680000092
The radiation pattern of time, where in fig. 11 LHCP is the dominant polarization and RHCP is the cross polarization. FIG. 12 shows the radiation pattern of the right-handed circularly polarized antenna in the design of this test example at the frequency point of 2.4GHz, wherein FIG. 12(a) shows the radiation pattern of the antenna at the frequency point of 2.4GHz
Figure BDA0002960584680000093
Radiation pattern of time, fig. 12(b) shows the antenna at the 2.4GHz frequency point
Figure BDA0002960584680000094
The radiation pattern of time, RHCP is the dominant polarization in fig. 12, and LHCP is the cross polarization. It can be seen from fig. 11 and fig. 12 that the amplitude difference of the main polarization and the cross polarization of the antenna is larger than-20 dB, which shows that the radiation directivity of the antenna is good.
Due to the adoption of the 3D printing technology and the microfluid technology and the low viscosity of ethyl acetate, when the charging and discharging are carried out on the first strip-shaped cavity 4 and the second strip-shaped cavity 5 with smooth inner walls, bubbles are not easy to form in the cavities, and the influence of residual trace ethyl acetate on the antenna performance and a test channel can be ignored; because of deviating from the antenna, the influence of the ethyl acetate outside the cavity on the field distribution of the radiation patch 2 can be ignored, so that when the antenna is tested and applied, the residual ethyl acetate inside the first strip-shaped cavity 4 or the second strip-shaped cavity 5 after being emptied and the ethyl acetate outside the two cavities can not influence the test and the use of the antenna.
In summary, the circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material provided by the invention combines the 3D printing technology and the microfluid technology, and the electromagnetic properties of the medium between the radiation patch and the metal floor are changed by respectively charging and discharging the two orthogonal cavities through the liquid material ethyl acetate, thereby realizing the switching of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization of the antenna. The radiation efficiency of the circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna adjusted by the liquid material with the low dielectric constant is higher than that of the traditional PIN diode adjusted circularly polarized reconfigurable antenna.
The first … … and the second … … are only used for name differentiation and do not represent how different the importance and position of the two are.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material is characterized by comprising a feed body, a metal floor and a dielectric layer for exciting TM01Mode and TM10A radiation patch of a mold; a first strip-shaped cavity, a second strip-shaped cavity and a metal sheet for coupling the radiation patch are arranged between the metal floor and the radiation patch; the radiation patch is rectangular, one side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length direction of the first strip-shaped cavity, and the other side of the radiation patch is parallel to the length of the second strip-shaped cavityThe degree directions are parallel; the intersection point of the projections of the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity is superposed with the center of the radiation patch; the feed body feeds electricity to the metal sheet, and the projection of a feed point falls on the diagonal position of the radiation patch deviated from the center of the radiation patch; the first strip-shaped cavity and the second strip-shaped cavity are independent from each other and are used for loading liquid materials; when only the first strip-shaped cavity is loaded with the liquid material, the antenna realizes right-hand circular polarization; when only the second strip-shaped cavity is loaded with liquid materials, the antenna realizes left-handed circular polarization; the liquid material has a dielectric constant of 5 to 7.
2. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 1, wherein the metal floor is taken as a bottom surface, and when the antenna is viewed from above, the first strip-shaped cavity end, the metal sheet, the second strip-shaped cavity end, the first strip-shaped cavity end, and the second strip-shaped cavity end are sequentially arranged in a clockwise direction.
3. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 2, wherein the first strip-shaped cavity has a width or diameter of a and a length of B; the width or the diameter of the second strip-shaped cavity is C, and the length of the second strip-shaped cavity is D; the central working frequency wavelength of the antenna is lambda, wherein A is more than or equal to 0.025 lambda and less than or equal to 0.029 lambda, B is more than or equal to 0.784 lambda and less than or equal to 0.864 lambda, C is more than or equal to 0.025 lambda and less than or equal to 0.029 lambda, and D is more than or equal to 0.784 lambda and less than or equal to 0.864 lambda.
4. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 3, wherein the radiating patch has a length E and a width F, wherein E is 0.332 λ ≦ E ≦ 0.341 λ and F is 0.332 λ ≦ F ≦ 0.341 λ.
5. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 4, wherein the metal sheet has a rectangular shape with a length G and a width I; the distance from the projection of the feed point on the radiation patch to the center of the radiation patch is H; the distance from the metal sheet to the radiation patch is H, wherein G is more than or equal to 0.104 lambda and less than or equal to 0.112 lambda, I is more than or equal to 0.064 lambda and less than or equal to 0.08 lambda, H is more than or equal to 0.176 lambda and less than or equal to 0.184 lambda, and H is more than or equal to 0.0112 lambda and less than or equal to 0.0128 lambda.
6. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 5, wherein the metal floor, the metal sheet and the radiating patch are all parallel to each other.
7. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on low dielectric loss liquid materials according to any of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a micro pump set consisting of a first pump for injecting liquid material into the first strip-shaped cavity, a second pump for injecting liquid material into the second strip-shaped cavity, a third pump for pumping liquid material out of the first strip-shaped cavity, and a fourth pump for pumping liquid material out of the second strip-shaped cavity.
8. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 7, further comprising four auxiliary conduits with openings facing upwards; one end of the first strip-shaped cavity is connected with the first pump through the auxiliary pipeline, and the other end of the first strip-shaped cavity is connected with the third pump through the auxiliary pipeline; one end of the second strip-shaped cavity is connected with the second pump through the auxiliary pipeline, and the other end of the second strip-shaped cavity is connected with the fourth pump through the auxiliary pipeline.
9. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on a low dielectric loss liquid material of claim 8, wherein the outer wall of the first strip-shaped cavity and the outer wall of the second strip-shaped cavity are formed by 3D printing and are integrally formed, and the intersection of the two outer walls is at the midpoint position of the first strip-shaped cavity and at the midpoint position of the second strip-shaped cavity.
10. The circularly polarized reconfigurable patch antenna based on the low dielectric loss liquid material as claimed in claim 9, further comprising a vertical column set, wherein the vertical column set is provided with at least one fixed column, and the fixed column is composed of a nylon vertical column and a nylon screw; the radiation patch is fixed on the metal floor through the upright post group; the feed body is a coaxial feed body; the liquid material is ethyl acetate; the dielectric constant of the material used for 3D printing is 2.6-3.0, and the dielectric loss is 0.01-0.03.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114927860A (en) * 2021-08-27 2022-08-19 黑龙江大学 Liquid metal-based cavity-backed self-phase-shift polarization reconfigurable antenna

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US6166692A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-12-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Planar single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth
US20190252785A1 (en) * 2018-02-15 2019-08-15 The Mitre Corporation Mechanically reconfigurable patch antenna
CN209880821U (en) * 2019-02-15 2019-12-31 南京邮电大学 Super surface based on solid-state plasma and gravitational field regulation and control

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6166692A (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-12-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Planar single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna with enhanced bandwidth
US20190252785A1 (en) * 2018-02-15 2019-08-15 The Mitre Corporation Mechanically reconfigurable patch antenna
CN209880821U (en) * 2019-02-15 2019-12-31 南京邮电大学 Super surface based on solid-state plasma and gravitational field regulation and control

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114927860A (en) * 2021-08-27 2022-08-19 黑龙江大学 Liquid metal-based cavity-backed self-phase-shift polarization reconfigurable antenna
CN114927860B (en) * 2021-08-27 2023-08-11 黑龙江大学 Back cavity self-phase shift polarization reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal

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