CN113013629A - Wave-absorbing metamaterial, wave-absorbing structural member and moving carrier - Google Patents
Wave-absorbing metamaterial, wave-absorbing structural member and moving carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN113013629A CN113013629A CN201911324512.2A CN201911324512A CN113013629A CN 113013629 A CN113013629 A CN 113013629A CN 201911324512 A CN201911324512 A CN 201911324512A CN 113013629 A CN113013629 A CN 113013629A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
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- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
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- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/0086—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a single discontinuous metallic layer on an electrically insulating supporting structure, e.g. metal grid, perforated metal foil, film, aggregated flakes, sintering
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- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/009—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked
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Abstract
The invention provides a wave-absorbing metamaterial, which comprises an electromagnetic metamaterial, and a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and an impedance matching material which are superposed on the front surface and the back surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial is in series connection of a capacitor and an inductor in an equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial, and the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and the impedance matching material are both in resistance in the equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial; wherein one or more metal microstructures are respectively arranged on one or more regions of the electromagnetic metamaterial. In addition, the invention also provides a wave-absorbing structural member and a moving carrier. The technical scheme provided by the invention can adapt to the external complex electromagnetic environment, and the absorption frequency of the wave-absorbing functional structure is changed aiming at the dynamic change of electromagnetic interference frequency by combining the electromagnetic meta-surface material and the functional wave-absorbing base material, so that the electromagnetic compatibility immunity under the complex electromagnetic environment is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to a wave-absorbing metamaterial, a wave-absorbing structural member and a moving carrier.
Background
In the current complex electromagnetic environment, the electromagnetic compatibility is a very important index, and how to realize good anti-interference capability to the complex dynamic electromagnetic environment has important significance.
Besides the difficulties in spraying and maintenance, the electromagnetic wave absorption coating of the traditional mobile carrier cannot change the absorption frequency band of the traditional mobile carrier after the traditional mobile carrier is implemented, and cannot take precautionary measures for new electromagnetic interference in the moving process. Therefore, the traditional electromagnetic wave absorption coating cannot adapt to a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment, particularly, the electromagnetic spectrum generating interference is increasingly dense, and cannot be effectively responded, so that the problem to be solved is how to deal with the frequency change characteristic of an interference source in the current complex electromagnetic interference environment so as to design a wave-absorbing structural member capable of dynamically responding to the electromagnetic environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a wave-absorbing metamaterial, wherein the wave-absorbing metamaterial comprises an electromagnetic metamaterial, and a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and an impedance matching material which are superposed on the front surface and the back surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial, the electromagnetic metamaterial is in series connection of capacitance and inductance in an equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial, and the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and the impedance matching material are both in resistance in the equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial;
the electromagnetic super-surface material comprises an electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure, wherein one or more metal microstructures are respectively arranged in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure, a lumped element is embedded in each metal microstructure, the migration of an absorption peak value and an absorption frequency band is realized by changing the bias-throw voltage on the lumped element, the metal routing length of each metal microstructure is lambda/50-lambda/5, and lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves transmitted in the electromagnetic super-surface material.
Preferably, the impedance matching material comprises a glass fiber composite material, an aramid fiber composite material or a quartz fiber composite material, and the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material comprises a wave-absorbing glass fiber composite material, a wave-absorbing polyimide composite material or a wave-absorbing aramid fiber composite material.
Preferably, the wave-absorbing metamaterial further comprises an electromagnetic reflecting material superposed on the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, and the electromagnetic reflecting material envelopes the metal material and the carbon fiber composite material.
Preferably, the wave-absorbing metamaterial further comprises a second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material arranged between the electromagnetic metamaterial and the impedance matching material, and the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material comprises a wave-absorbing glass fiber composite material or a wave-absorbing polyimide fiber composite material.
Preferably, when only one metal microstructure is included in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure, the metal microstructure is arranged in the middle region of the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure.
Preferably, when the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure comprises a plurality of metal microstructures, the plurality of metal microstructures are respectively arranged in the edge corner regions of the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure.
Preferably, the lumped element comprises a switching diode or a varactor.
In addition, the invention also provides a wave-absorbing structural part, wherein the wave-absorbing structural part comprises any one of the wave-absorbing metamaterial.
In addition, the invention also provides a movable carrier, wherein the movable carrier comprises the wave-absorbing metamaterial.
Moreover, the invention also provides application of any one of the wave-absorbing metamaterials in the field of electromagnetic compatibility.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can adapt to a complex and changeable electromagnetic environment, and aiming at the characteristic of complex frequency of an electromagnetic interference frequency band, the absorption frequency of a wave-absorbing functional structure is pertinently and dynamically changed in a mode of combining an electromagnetic super-surface material and a functional wave-absorbing base material, so that the anti-interference capability under the complex electromagnetic environment is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of a plurality of metal microstructures included in an electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure of a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to the embodiment of the present invention, after a lumped element is additionally arranged in the electromagnetic metamaterial surface material layer;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating simulation test results after applying the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure shown in FIG. 5 to the multi-stack structure shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second layout structure of a plurality of metal microstructures included in an electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure of a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating simulation test results after applying the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure shown in FIG. 8 to the multi-stack structure shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third layout structure of a plurality of metal microstructures included in an electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure of a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating simulation test results after applying the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic meta-surface material layer shown in FIG. 10 to the multi-stack structure shown in FIG. 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a corresponding curved field reflection test curve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are presented to enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the invention.
The wave-absorbing metamaterial adopts a multi-lamination structure design, and comprises an electromagnetic metamaterial 1, and a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 and an impedance matching material 3 which are superposed on the front surface and the back surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 is arranged in a middle layer of the multi-lamination structure, and the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 and the impedance matching material 3 are respectively superposed on the front surface and the back surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1. The electromagnetic metamaterial comprises an electromagnetic metamaterial, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 is in series connection of a capacitor and an inductor in an equivalent circuit of the microwave-absorbing metamaterial, and the first electromagnetic microwave-absorbing material 2 and the impedance matching material 3 are both in resistance in the equivalent circuit of the microwave-absorbing metamaterial, as shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the wave-absorbing metamaterial in the first embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 of the wave-absorbing meta-material is in series connection of a capacitor and an inductor in an equivalent circuit, and has an adjusting function, the capacitor and the inductor in the circuit are adjusted, and the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 and the impedance matching material 3 on both sides of the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 are both resistors in the equivalent circuit, and have a resistance function. As shown in fig. 2, Z1 is the equivalent impedance of the impedance matching material 3 in the equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial, and is related to the material thickness and the electromagnetic parameters, and Z2 is the equivalent impedance of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 in the equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, the impedance matching material 3 includes a glass fiber composite material (e.g., a composite material such as glass fiber reinforced plastic) or a quartz fiber composite material, specifically, an epoxy resin glass fiber prepreg, an epoxy resin quartz fiber prepreg, and the like, the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 includes a wave-absorbing composite material, such as a wave-absorbing glass fiber composite material, a wave-absorbing polyimide composite material, or a wave-absorbing aramid fiber composite material, and specifically, includes a modified epoxy resin glass fiber wave-absorbing prepreg, a modified epoxy resin polyimide fiber wave-absorbing composite material, and the like.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to the second embodiment of the present invention further includes an electromagnetic reflective material 4 superimposed on the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 on the basis of fig. 1, and the specific structure is that an electromagnetic metamaterial 1 is superimposed on one surface of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 and an electromagnetic reflective material 4 is superimposed on the other surface of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2, wherein the electromagnetic reflective material 4 envelopes a metal material, a carbon fiber composite material, and the like.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-layer structure included in the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to the third embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 4, the wave-absorbing metamaterial in the third embodiment of the present invention further includes a second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5 disposed between the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 1 and the impedance matching material 3 on the basis of fig. 3, and the specific structure is that the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 1 is stacked on one surface and the impedance matching material 3 is stacked on the other surface of the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5, wherein the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5 is a wave-absorbing composite material, such as a glass fiber wave-absorbing composite material or a polyimide fiber wave-absorbing composite material, and specifically includes a modified epoxy resin glass fiber wave-absorbing composite material, a modified epoxy resin polyimide fiber wave-absorbing composite material, and the like. In the third embodiment of the present invention, the absorption bandwidth can be further expanded by adding the second electromagnetic wave absorbing material 5.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement structure of a plurality of metal microstructures included in a periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface 1 layer of the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 5, the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface material 1 layer includes a plurality of metal microstructures, each metal microstructure is respectively disposed in an edge corner region of the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface, that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, four metal microstructures are respectively disposed in four corner regions of the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface 1, and shapes of the four metal microstructures are not completely the same, where the four metal microstructures respectively include a first metal microstructure 11, a second metal microstructure 12, a third metal microstructure 13, and a fourth metal microstructure 14. The metal trace of the first metal microstructure 11 is L-shaped, and the first metal microstructure 11 is not connected to the edge of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1. The metal trace of the second metal microstructure 12 is F-shaped, and the second metal microstructure 12 is not connected to the edge of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1. The metal trace of the third metal microstructure 13 is substantially h-shaped, and the third metal microstructure 13 is connected with the edge of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1. The metal trace of the fourth metal microstructure 14 is substantially h-shaped, and the fourth metal microstructure 14 is connected to the edge of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1. The shape of the third metal microstructure 13 is the same as that of the fourth metal microstructure 14, and the difference between the two positions is 90 degrees, that is, the third metal microstructure 13 is rotated clockwise by 90 degrees to obtain the fourth metal microstructure 14. In addition, the first metal microstructure 11, the second metal microstructure 12, the third metal microstructure 13, and the fourth metal microstructure 14 may also have other shapes as long as the metal trace length of each metal microstructure is λ/50- λ/5, where λ is a wavelength at which electromagnetic waves are transmitted in the electromagnetic metamaterial 1.
As shown in fig. 5, one lumped element 15 is embedded in each metal microstructure, and the lumped element 15 includes a switching diode or a varactor. The electromagnetic response characteristic of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 can be changed through signals by integrating the lumped element 15 with four metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14) in the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 layer and then by heterointegrating with wave-absorbing structures (such as the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 and the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5), so that the electromagnetic response characteristic of the whole wave-absorbing structural member is changed, and an equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial after the lumped element 15 is newly added in the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 layer is schematically shown in fig. 6.
Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the wave-absorbing metamaterial in the embodiment of the invention after the lumped element is additionally arranged in the electromagnetic metamaterial surface material layer.
As shown in fig. 6, the lumped element 15 can regulate and control capacitance and inductance values in an equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial, and the shift of an absorption peak and an absorption frequency band can be realized by changing a bias-throw voltage of the lumped element 15.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test result after the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic meta-surface material layer shown in fig. 5 are applied to the multi-stack structure shown in fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the invention.
After the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic super surface material layer shown in fig. 5 are applied to the multi-lamination structure shown in fig. 3, the wave-absorbing metamaterial comprises four lamination structures, namely an electromagnetic super surface material 1, a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2, an impedance matching material 3 and an electromagnetic reflecting material 4, and the specific structural size comprises the following components: the thickness of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 is 0.2mm, the thickness of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 is 1mm, the thickness of the impedance matching material 3 is 1.8mm, the thickness of the electromagnetic reflecting material 4 is 0.2mm, and the total thickness of the wave-absorbing metamaterial is 3.2 mm. Wherein, the electromagnetic parameters of the impedance matching material 3 at 10GHz are: e r' is 3.3 and tan δ is 0.017. The electromagnetic parameters of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 at 10GHz are as follows: e r' is 7.8 and tan δ is 0.03. The metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14) in the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 are made of metal copper conductors, the conductivity is 5.8 multiplied by 10^7S/m, other metals can be adopted, and the method is not limited in the above, in addition, the lumped element 15 in the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 is a varactor, and the capacitance variation range of the varactor is 0.1-5 pF. Meanwhile, the metal wire of the first metal microstructure 11 is in an L shape, the metal wire of the second metal microstructure 12 is in an F shape, the metal wire of the third metal microstructure 13 is approximately in an h shape, and the metal wire of the fourth metal microstructure 14 is approximately in an h shape, and the common characteristics of the shapes are that the size of each metal microstructure is related to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, specifically 1/4-1/20 of the wavelength, and the distance between the adjacent metal microstructures influences the capacitance inductance between each two metal microstructures, so that the electromagnetic response characteristic is influenced. When electromagnetic waves vertically enter the wave-absorbing metamaterial, parameters of the lumped element 15 are adjusted through signals such as external voltage, and simulation results of S11 parameters are shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen from FIG. 7, in the embodiment of the invention, the shift of an absorption peak value and an absorption frequency band can be realized by changing the deflection voltage of the lumped element 15. The absorption peak shifts from 10GHz to 11 GHz. Therefore, the invention combines the design of the absorption multi-lamination structure and the design of the functional layer structure of the electromagnetic super surface material, and can enable the electromagnetic super surface material 1 to have different electromagnetic response characteristics by adjusting the parameters of components, thereby influencing the absorption frequency peak value of electromagnetic waves.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second layout structure of a plurality of metal microstructures included in an electromagnetic meta-surface material layer of a wave-absorbing meta-material in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 8, in the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to the embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic metamaterial surface material 1 layer includes four metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14) and four lumped elements 15, the four metal microstructures have completely the same shape, a metal trace of each metal microstructure is L-shaped, and each metal microstructure is not connected to an edge of the electromagnetic metamaterial surface material 1. Furthermore, a lumped element 15 is embedded in each metal microstructure, and the lumped element 15 comprises a switching diode or a varactor. The lumped element 15 is integrated with four metal microstructures (11, 12, 13 and 14) in the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 layer and then is integrated with wave-absorbing structures (such as the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 and the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5) in a heterogeneous mode, the electromagnetic response characteristic of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 can be changed through signals, the electromagnetic response characteristic of the whole wave-absorbing structural member is changed, the lumped element 15 can regulate and control capacitance and inductance values in an equivalent circuit of the wave-absorbing metamaterial, and the migration of an absorption peak value and an absorption frequency band can be realized by changing the bias-throw voltage of the lumped element 15.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a simulation test result after the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure shown in fig. 8 are applied to the multi-stack structure shown in fig. 3 in the embodiment of the present invention.
After a plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure shown in fig. 8 are applied to the multi-lamination structure shown in fig. 3, the wave-absorbing metamaterial comprises four lamination structures, namely an electromagnetic super-surface material 1, a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2, an impedance matching material 3 and an electromagnetic reflecting material 4, and the specific structural size comprises the following components: the thickness of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1 is 0.2mm, the thickness of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 is 1mm, the thickness of the impedance matching material 3 is 1.8mm, the thickness of the electromagnetic reflecting material 4 is 0.2mm, and the total thickness of the wave-absorbing metamaterial is 3.2 mm. Wherein, the electromagnetic parameters of the impedance matching material 3 at 10GHz are: e r' is 3.3 and tan δ is 0.017. The electromagnetic parameters of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 at 10GHz are as follows: e r' is 7.8 and tan δ is 0.03. The metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14) related to the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 are made of metal copper conductors, the electric conductivity is 5.8 multiplied by 10^7S/m, other metals can be adopted without limitation, in addition, the lumped element 15 in the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 is a variable capacitance diode, the capacitance variation range of the variable capacitance diode is 0.1-5 pF, and the equivalent capacitance and inductance values are regulated and controlled through the lumped element 15. Meanwhile, the shapes of the first metal microstructure 11, the second metal microstructure 12, the third metal microstructure 13 and the fourth metal microstructure 14 are completely the same, the metal routing of each metal microstructure is in an L shape, and each metal microstructure is not connected with the edge of the electromagnetic metamaterial 1. The common characteristic of the shapes is that the size of each metal microstructure is related to the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, particularly 1/4-1/20 of the wavelength, and the distance between adjacent metal microstructures influences the capacitance inductance of the metal microstructures, so that the electromagnetic response characteristic is influenced. When electromagnetic waves vertically enter the wave-absorbing metamaterial, parameters of the lumped element 15 are adjusted through signals such as external voltage, and simulation results of S11 parameters are shown in FIG. 9, and it can be seen from FIG. 9 that in the embodiment of the invention, the absorption peak value and the absorption frequency band can be shifted by changing the deflection voltage of the lumped element 15. The absorption peak shifts from 10GHz to 11 GHz. Therefore, the invention combines the design of the absorption multi-lamination structure and the design of the functional layer structure of the electromagnetic super surface material, and can enable the electromagnetic super surface material 1 to have different electromagnetic response characteristics by adjusting the parameters of components, thereby influencing the absorption frequency peak value of radar waves, and expanding the wave absorption bandwidth under the condition of low section by utilizing various wave absorption mechanisms.
In the above embodiment, when the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super-surface 1 includes a plurality of metal microstructures, each metal microstructure is embedded with a lumped element, and the shift of the absorption peak and the absorption frequency band is realized by changing the bias voltage on the lumped element, so that the frequency of electromagnetic wave absorption can be dynamically adjusted, and the dynamic adjustment of the frequency in the X-band can be realized. When the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface 1 only comprises one metal microstructure, the absorption frequency of electromagnetic waves can be dynamically adjusted, and the frequency in an X wave band can be dynamically adjusted, as described below.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a third layout structure of a plurality of metal microstructures included in an electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure of a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 10, the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface 1 of the wave-absorbing metamaterial in the embodiment of the present invention includes five metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14, 16) and a lumped element 15, the four metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14) are respectively disposed in four corner regions of the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface 1 and have completely the same shape, and are all L-shaped, the lumped element 15 is embedded in the metal microstructures 16 and is commonly disposed at a middle position of the periodic structure of the electromagnetic super surface 1, and the metal microstructures 16 are helical, and the addition of the helical microstructures in the embodiment of the present invention can further improve the absorption capacity under a large angle incidence condition.
After the plurality of metal microstructures in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure shown in fig. 10 are applied to the multi-lamination structure shown in fig. 4, the wave-absorbing metamaterial comprises five lamination structures, namely an electromagnetic super-surface material 1, a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2, an impedance matching material 3, an electromagnetic reflecting material 4 and a second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5, and the specific structural dimensions include: the thickness of the electromagnetic metamaterial is 0.2mm, the thickness of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 is 1mm, the thickness of the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 5 is 1mm, the thickness of the impedance matching material 3 is 1.3mm, the thickness of the electromagnetic reflecting material 4 is 0.1mm, and the total thickness of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial is 3.6 mm. Wherein, the electromagnetic parameters of the impedance matching material 3 at 10GHz are: e r' is 3.3 and tan δ is 0.017. The electromagnetic parameters of the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material 2 at 10GHz are as follows: e r' is 7.8 and tan δ is 0.03. The metal microstructures (11, 12, 13, 14) related to the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 are made of metal copper conductors, the electric conductivity is 5.8 multiplied by 10^7S/m, other metals can be adopted without limitation, in addition, the lumped element 15 in the electromagnetic meta-surface material 1 is a variable capacitance diode, the capacitance variation range of the variable capacitance diode is 0.1-5 pF, and the equivalent capacitance and inductance values are regulated and controlled through the lumped element 15. Meanwhile, the metal microstructure 16 is a spiral microstructure, and the lengths from the center are 1.125, 1.25, 2.25, 3.25, and 4.125mm, respectively.
The inductance of the helical microstructure can be calculated by the following formula:
where l is the circumference of the helical microstructure and w is the line width of the microstructure in m.
When electromagnetic waves vertically enter the wave-absorbing metamaterial, parameters of the lumped element 15 are adjusted through signals such as external voltage, and simulation results of parameters of S11 are shown in FIG. 11, and it can be seen from FIG. 11 that in the embodiment of the invention, by changing the deflection voltage of the lumped element 15, the migration of an absorption peak value and an absorption frequency band and the change of the absorption peak value can be realized. Therefore, the invention combines the design of the absorption multi-lamination structure and the design of the functional layer structure of the electromagnetic super surface material, and can enable the electromagnetic super surface material 1 to have different electromagnetic response characteristics by adjusting the parameters of components, thereby influencing the peak value of the electromagnetic wave absorption frequency, expanding the wave absorption bandwidth under the condition of low section and absorbing the wave performance under the condition of large-angle incidence by utilizing a plurality of wave absorption mechanisms. Therefore, the invention can dynamically adjust the frequency of electromagnetic wave absorption and realize the dynamic adjustment of the frequency in the X wave band.
FIG. 12 is a corresponding curved field reflection test curve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The curve shows that dynamic adjustment of the wave absorption performance is realized through selection of different variable capacitance values.
In addition, the invention also provides a wave-absorbing structural part, wherein the wave-absorbing structural part comprises any one of the wave-absorbing metamaterial. The wave-absorbing structural member provided by the invention can dynamically adjust the frequency absorbed by electromagnetic waves and can realize dynamic adjustment of the frequency in an X wave band.
In addition, the invention also provides a movable carrier, wherein the movable carrier comprises the wave-absorbing metamaterial. The movable carrier provided by the invention can dynamically adjust the frequency of electromagnetic wave absorption and can realize dynamic adjustment of the frequency in an X wave band. .
Moreover, the invention also provides application of any one of the wave-absorbing metamaterials in the field of electromagnetic compatibility.
The technical scheme provided by the invention can adapt to outdoor complex and changeable electromagnetic environments, and aiming at the characteristic that the electromagnetic interference frequency of the outdoor environment is complex and changeable, the absorption frequency of the wave-absorbing functional structure is changed in a targeted and dynamic manner by combining the electromagnetic super-surface material and the functional wave-absorbing base material, so that the anti-interference capability under the complex electromagnetic environment is effectively improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A wave-absorbing metamaterial is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic metamaterial, a first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and an impedance matching material, wherein the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and the impedance matching material are superposed on the front surface and the back surface of the electromagnetic metamaterial;
the method comprises the steps of arranging one or more metal microstructures in one or more regions of the electromagnetic metamaterial, embedding a lumped element in each metal microstructure, and changing the bias voltage on the lumped element to realize the shift of an absorption peak value and an absorption frequency band, wherein the period length of each metal microstructure is lambda/50-lambda/5, and lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves transmitted in the electromagnetic metamaterial.
2. The wave-absorbing metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the impedance matching material comprises a glass fiber composite material, and the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is a wave-absorbing composite material.
3. The wave-absorbing metamaterial according to claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic reflecting material superimposed on the first electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, wherein the electromagnetic reflecting material comprises a metal material and a carbon fiber composite material.
4. The wave-absorbing metamaterial according to claim 3, further comprising a second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material disposed between the electromagnetic metamaterial and the impedance matching material, wherein the second electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is a wave-absorbing composite material.
5. The wave-absorbing metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when only one metal microstructure is included in the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure, the metal microstructure is disposed in a middle region of the electromagnetic super-surface period.
6. The wave-absorbing metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein when the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure comprises a plurality of metal microstructures, the plurality of metal microstructures are respectively arranged in edge corner regions of the electromagnetic super-surface periodic structure.
7. The wave absorbing metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the lumped elements comprise switching diodes or varactors.
8. A wave-absorbing structure, characterized in that the stealth structure comprises a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A mobile carrier, characterized in that the mobile carrier comprises the wave-absorbing metamaterial according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. The use of a wave-absorbing metamaterial according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in the field of electromagnetic compatibility.
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| CN201911324512.2A CN113013629A (en) | 2019-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Wave-absorbing metamaterial, wave-absorbing structural member and moving carrier |
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| CN113948875A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-18 | 大连理工大学 | Fractal structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113948875A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-18 | 大连理工大学 | Fractal structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing metamaterial and preparation method thereof |
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