CN113012945A - Modified Ppy-MXene composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Modified Ppy-MXene composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113012945A
CN113012945A CN202110211827.7A CN202110211827A CN113012945A CN 113012945 A CN113012945 A CN 113012945A CN 202110211827 A CN202110211827 A CN 202110211827A CN 113012945 A CN113012945 A CN 113012945A
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CN113012945B (en
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郝京诚
范琪
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Shandong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
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    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes

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Abstract

The invention discloses a modified Ppy-MXene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding pyrrole into MXene dispersion liquid to carry out polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy-MXene composite material; preparing ionic liquid into water-in-water ionic liquid microemulsion; and mixing the ionic liquid microemulsion in water with the solution of the Ppy-MXene composite material, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the modified Ppy-MXene composite material. The composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages of simple and efficient operation, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, no need of complex equipment, excellent rate performance in a wide temperature range and long cycle life.

Description

Modified Ppy-MXene composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage materials, relates to preparation of a supercapacitor electrode material, and particularly relates to a modified Ppy-MXene composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
With the development of science and technology and the progress of society, various aspects including consumer electronics, transportation, industrial power consumption, power grid energy storage and the like all put higher demands on energy, but the global energy crisis and environmental problems become more severe, so that the development of clean, efficient and sustainable green energy has become one of the major research topics. However, natural energy sources such as water energy, wind energy and solar energy are greatly influenced by the nature and generally cannot be efficiently utilized by human beings, and based on the working principle of electrochemical energy conversion and storage, lithium ion batteries and super capacitors are considered as the most promising new-generation energy storage devices, which can effectively promote the development of sustainable energy and reduce adverse effects on the environment. However, although lithium ion batteries have high energy density but are expensive, and have a problem of safety accidents caused by the growth of lithium dendrites during the recycling process, supercapacitors can be rapidly and efficiently charged and discharged, and have high safety and long cycle life, but low energy density is a key problem limiting the further development of supercapacitors. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, from the design of the energy storage device, increasing the capacitance of the electrode material and widening the electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte material can effectively increase the energy density of the supercapacitor.
Two-dimensional materials have attracted extensive attention in energy conversion and storage because of their advantages of large specific surface area, special layered structure, high electrical conductivity, and the like. MXenes is a novel two-dimensional transition metal carbide or nitride, since 2011, with Ti3C2TxMXenes, as represented, are widely used in the fields of energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, catalysis, biological environment, etc., as determined by its unique and abundant properties. The existence of abundant functional groups on the surface makes the carbon material have good hydrophilicity and simple and adjustable chemical properties, and the combination of the conductive carbon layer and the transition metal atomic layer makes the carbon material have metal-like conductivity which is obviously better than that of the common carbon material. However, as with other two-dimensional materials, MXene nanosheets are susceptible to severe stacking and stacking due to strong van der Waals forces from face to faceThe problem of aggregation, which reduces its accessible surface area, leads to a large loss of active sites, and at the same time hinders the rapid transport of electrolyte ions, thus severely limiting the expression of its electrochemical properties.
The existing solutions mainly include two categories, one is that an intercalation agent or an interlayer spacing agent is introduced in the preparation process to construct MXenes hybrid materials, such as alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, conductive polymer molecules and the like; and the other is that in the assembling process, MXenes are subjected to ordered or disordered self-assembly by utilizing some templates or technical means to form a three-dimensional macrostructure, such as emulsion templates, ice templates, electrostatic spinning, 3D printing and other technologies. Because of low cost, high environmental stability, high conductivity in a doped state and high specific capacity, polypyrrole, polyaniline and other conductive polymers have been widely used as pseudo-capacitor electrode materials to improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices, but pure conductive polymers are easy to agglomerate in the polymerization process, which seriously hinders the diffusion of electrolyte ions, and meanwhile, because of the expansion and contraction behaviors in the intercalation and deintercalation processes of ions, the cycle stability of the polypyrrole/polyaniline composite material is poor. The MXenes has low specific mass capacity, and the oriented polymer can enlarge the interlayer spacing of the MXenes to promote charge transmission, so that the intercalation, the oriented arrangement and the polymerization of PPy among the MXenes layers can be simultaneously realized by combining the MXenes and the MXenes, and the specific mass, the specific volume capacity and the cycle life of the material are obviously improved.
However, the inventors have studied and found that only combining a conductive polymer with MXenes has problems of narrow application temperature range, rate capability and cycle performance to be improved, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the modified Ppy-MXene composite material, the preparation method and the application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the modified Ppy-MXene composite material comprises a plurality of MXene nanosheets distributed in a layered mode, the MXene nanosheets are compounded with polypyrrole, and ionic liquid microemulsion particles are attached to the surfaces of the MXene nanosheets.
Firstly, the polypyrrole modified MXene expands the interlayer spacing between the nanosheets, is beneficial to embedding electrolyte ions, and improves electrochemical active sites. In addition, the ionic liquid microemulsion particles are used as an intercalation agent and an electrolyte, so that the interlayer spacing between the nano sheets is further enlarged, and the capacitor assembly process in the capacitor assembly process is eliminated, so that the composite material has excellent rate performance and cycle life in a wide temperature range.
On the other hand, the preparation method of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material comprises the following steps:
adding pyrrole into MXene dispersion liquid to carry out polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy-MXene composite material;
preparing ionic liquid into water-in-water ionic liquid microemulsion;
and mixing the ionic liquid microemulsion in water with the solution of the Ppy-MXene composite material, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the modified Ppy-MXene composite material.
According to the invention, pyrrole is added into MXene dispersion liquid for polymerization reaction, so that the polypyrrole can modify the hybrid material constructed by MXene nanosheets. The microemulsion particles can be promoted to be adsorbed to the surface of the hybrid nanosheets by ultrasonic treatment, so that the microemulsion particles enter between the nanosheets.
In a third aspect, the modified Ppy-MXene composite material is applied to preparation of a supercapacitor electrode.
In a fourth aspect, the supercapacitor electrode comprises an active material, wherein the active material is the modified Ppy-MXene composite material.
In a fifth aspect, a supercapacitor comprises the supercapacitor electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the polypyrrole modified MXenes nanosheets are used for constructing the hybrid material, so that the interlayer spacing of the nanosheets is enlarged, the embedding of electrolyte ions is facilitated, more electrochemical active sites are provided, and the specific mass, the specific volume capacity and the cycle life of the material are obviously improved.
(2) The ionic liquid-based microemulsion particles are used as the intercalation agent, so that the interlayer spacing of the nanosheets is enlarged, charge transmission is facilitated, the rate capability of the supercapacitor is improved, the long self-absorption process of the electrolyte in the capacitor assembling process is eliminated, and the preparation method is simple and efficient.
(3) The ionic liquid is used as the electrolyte material of the super capacitor, and the practical application in a wide temperature range (4-50 ℃) can be realized due to the good thermal stability, the excellent conductivity and the wide electrochemical stability window of the ionic liquid.
(4) The preparation method of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material provided by the invention is simple and efficient, does not need complex and expensive equipment, has cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, is environment-friendly and green in preparation process, and is beneficial to popularization.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of Ppy-MXene composite nanomaterial prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of Ppy-MXene composite nanomaterial prepared in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of the electrode-electrolyte composite materials prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention, wherein a is the Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite material prepared in example 1, b is the Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite material prepared in example 1, c is the Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite material prepared in example 2, and d is the Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite material prepared in example 2.
FIG. 4 shows X-ray diffraction patterns of Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite thin film material prepared in example 1, Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite thin film material prepared in example 2, MXene thin film prepared in comparative example 1 and Ppy-MXene thin film prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the AC impedance of the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor of Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film material prepared in example 1, Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film material prepared in example 2, and Ppy-MXene film prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 6 is a cyclic voltammogram of an assembled symmetric supercapacitor of the Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film material prepared in example 1, the Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film material prepared in example 2, and the Ppy-MXene film prepared in comparative example 1.
FIG. 7 is a test chart of an assembled symmetrical supercapacitor made of Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite thin film material prepared in example 1 in high temperature (50 ℃) and low temperature (4 ℃) environments; a is an alternating current impedance diagram, and b is a constant current charging and discharging curve diagram.
FIG. 8 is a cycle performance diagram of a symmetrical supercapacitor assembled by Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite thin film materials prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In view of the problems that only the conductive polymer is combined with MXenes, the application temperature range is narrow, the rate capability and the cycle performance are required to be improved, and the like, the invention provides a modified Ppy-MXene composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention provides a modified Ppy-MXene composite material, which comprises a plurality of MXene nano-sheets distributed in a layered manner, wherein the MXene nano-sheets are compounded with polypyrrole, and ionic liquid microemulsion particles are attached to the surfaces of the MXene nano-sheets.
The polypyrrole modified MXene enlarges the interlayer spacing between the nanosheets, is beneficial to embedding electrolyte ions, and improves the electrochemical active sites. The ionic liquid microemulsion particles are used as the intercalation agent and the electrolyte, so that the interlayer spacing between the nanosheets is further enlarged, and the capacitor assembly process in the capacitor assembly process is eliminated, so that the composite material has excellent rate capability and cycle life in a wide temperature range.
In some examples of this embodiment, MXene is Ti3C2Tx。
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the ionic liquid microemulsion particles are formed from a surfactant coated ionic liquid.
In one or more embodiments, the surfactant is tween 80.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material, which comprises the following steps:
adding pyrrole into MXene dispersion liquid to carry out polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy-MXene composite material;
preparing ionic liquid into water-in-water ionic liquid microemulsion;
and mixing the ionic liquid microemulsion in water with the solution of the Ppy-MXene composite material, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the modified Ppy-MXene composite material.
According to the invention, pyrrole is added into MXene dispersion liquid for polymerization reaction, so that the polypyrrole can modify the hybrid material constructed by MXene nanosheets. The microemulsion particles can be promoted to be adsorbed to the surface of the hybrid nanosheets by ultrasonic treatment, so that the microemulsion particles enter between the nanosheets.
In some examples of the embodiment, pyrrole is dropwise added into the MXene dispersion liquid, and the Ppy-MXene composite material is obtained after stirring for 10-14 hours at normal temperature. The normal temperature of the invention is 20-25 ℃. The stirring speed is 700-800 rpm. The vigorous stirring is carried out at the rotating speed, so that the pyrrole monomers can be prevented from agglomerating in the polymerization process of forming polypyrrole, and the oriented arrangement of the pyrrole monomers on the surface of the MXene nanosheet is realized to finish the modification of the nanosheet.
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion is prepared by: mixing water, surfactant and ionic liquid, and performing ultrasonic treatment.
In one or more embodiments, the mass ratio of the water, the surfactant and the ionic liquid is 14-16: 3.5-4.5: 1. The water is tertiary water, namely tertiary distilled water, so that the addition of impurities can be avoided.
In one or more embodiments, the surfactant is tween 80. The microemulsion particles stabilized by the Tween 80 are spontaneously adsorbed to the surfaces of the nanosheets through hydrogen bonding, and the adsorption can uniformly distribute the ionic liquid to all accessible areas of the surfaces of the nanosheets.
In one or more embodiments, the sonication results in an ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion in a time period of 25 to 35 minutes.
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the ionic liquid is [ EMim ] [ TFSI ] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt) or [ EMim ] [ TFSI ] (N-ethylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt).
In some embodiments of this embodiment, the volume ratio of the ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion to the solution of Ppy-MXene composite is 1:0.9 to 1.1.
In some examples of this embodiment, the time for the ultrasonic treatment to obtain the modified Ppy-MXene composite material is 35 to 45 minutes.
In some examples of this embodiment, the modified Ppy-MXene-containing composite obtained by the ultrasonic treatment is vacuum filtered and then vacuum dried to form a composite film from the modified Ppy-MXene composite.
MXene is conventional method, and the invention uses Ti3C2TxFor example, the preparation method comprises the following steps: using a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) as an etching agent, and adding Ti3AlC2And etching and removing Al in the raw material.
Specifically, LiF is mixed with hydrochloric acid in an ice-water bath, and then Ti is slowly added3AlC2Heating to 30-40 ℃ for etching, washing with deionized water, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, mixing the precipitate with deionized water, bubbling Ar gas and carrying out ultrasound, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant which is Ti3C2TxThe dispersion of (4).
According to a third embodiment of the invention, the application of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material in preparing a supercapacitor electrode is provided.
In a fourth embodiment of the invention, a supercapacitor electrode is provided, and the supercapacitor electrode comprises an active material, wherein the active material is the modified Ppy-MXene composite material.
Specifically, the supercapacitor electrode is of a film structure. The film structure can be prepared from the modified Ppy-MXene composite material.
In a fifth embodiment of the invention, a supercapacitor comprises the above supercapacitor electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid.
In some embodiments, the ionic liquid is [ EMim ] [ TFSI ] or [ Eim ] [ TFSI ].
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
First, the exfoliated few-layer Ti is synthesized3C2Tx-MXene nanoplatelets etched with a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lithium fluoride (LiF) as etchant and Ti3AlC2Raw material preparation of multilayer Ti3C2TxThe dispersion of (4). In an ice-water bath, 2g LiF was added to 40mL 9M HCl, stirred for 30 minutes, and then 2g Ti was added slowly over 10 minutes3AlC2Etching reaction is carried out for 24 hours at the constant temperature of 35 ℃; a plurality of layers of Ti3C2TxWashing with deionized water, centrifuging until the pH of the supernatant is approximately equal to 6, and pouring the supernatant to obtain a precipitate; the obtained multilayer Ti3C2TxPreparation of exfoliated few-layer Ti by mixing with 80mL of deionized water3C2TxPerforming ultrasonic treatment for 1h under Ar gas bubbling; centrifuging at 3500rpm for 1h to obtain Ti with less exfoliation3C2TxThe black supernatant of (2). Then 0.1g of pyrrole was added to 0.25ml of isopropanol, 0.2g of pyrrole was added to 0.5ml of isopropanol, 0.4g of pyrrole was added to 1.0ml of isopropanol, and after stirring for 30 minutes, the pyrrole solutions were respectively dropped dropwise into 5ml of Ti differently3C2TxThe dispersion was vigorously stirred at room temperature (800rpm) for 12 hours, corresponding to 1/4-Ppy-Ti, respectively3C2Tx(0.1g of pyrrole), 1/2-Ppy-Ti3C2Tx(0.2g of pyrrole) and Ppy-Ti3C2Tx(0.4g pyrrole). Wherein, measuring 5ml of less-layer Ti3C2TxThe mass concentration of the suspension can be calculated by vacuum-assisted filtration membrane formation.
Mixing 7.5g of tertiary water, 2g of Tween 80 and 0.5g of ionic liquid [ EMim][TFSI]Mixing and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes at high power (250W) to obtain the water-in-water ionic liquid microemulsion. The microemulsion was mixed with 1/4-Ppy-Ti prepared as described above3C2TxAnd (3) mixing the suspension in equal volume, carrying out low-power (100W) ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes, and adsorbing the microemulsion particles to the surface of the hybrid nanosheet to form a precipitate. Filtering the mixed solution in a vacuum auxiliary filtering mode, further drying in vacuum to obtain a Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite membrane structure which is used as an electrode material of a super capacitor and 60 mu L of ionic liquid [ EMim ]][TFSI]As the electrolyte, relevant electrochemical performance tests are carried out, and the performance in a wide temperature range is researched.
Example 2
Mixing 7.5g of tertiary water, 2g of Tween 80 and 0.5g of ionic liquid [ Eim][TFSI]Mixing and carrying out high-power ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes to obtain the water-in-water ionic liquid microemulsion. The microemulsion was mixed with 1/4-Ppy-Ti prepared in example 13C2TxEqual volume mixing of suspension and low power superAnd (4) sounding for 40 minutes, and adsorbing the microemulsion particles to the surface of the hybrid nanosheet to form a precipitate. Filtering the mixed solution in a vacuum auxiliary filtering mode, further drying in vacuum to obtain a Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite membrane structure which is used as an electrode material of a super capacitor and 60 mu L of ionic liquid [ Eim [ [ L ]][TFSI]As electrolyte, relevant electrochemical performance tests were performed.
Comparative example 1
5ml of the 1/4-Ppy-Ti3C2Tx suspension prepared in example 1 was transferred and vacuum-assisted filtered to form a film, which was then vacuum-dried under the same conditions as in examples 1 and 2 to obtain Ppy-MXene film. 60 mu L of ionic liquids [ EMim ] [ TFSI ] and [ Eim ] [ TFSI ] are respectively used as electrolytes to construct symmetrical super capacitors, which are respectively marked as Ppy-MXene-EMim and Ppy-MXene-Eim, and relevant electrochemical performance tests are carried out.
The electrochemical performance test process is as follows:
the constructed composite membrane is cut into a circular membrane electrode with the diameter of 10mm by a puncher, 60ul of ionic liquid is used as electrolyte, a two-electrode Swagelok cell device is used for constructing and forming a symmetrical supercapacitor, electrochemical tests such as cyclic voltammetry curve measurement, alternating current impedance measurement and constant current charging and discharging test are carried out by an electrochemical workstation, and the cycle performance test is completed by a blue battery charging and discharging test system.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) measurement of cyclic voltammetry:
and connecting the constructed super capacitor with an electrochemical workstation, selecting a test voltage window of 0-3V, and measuring a cyclic voltammetry curve at a sweep rate of 20 mV/s.
(2) Measuring alternating current impedance:
the constructed super capacitor is connected with an electrochemical workstation, and under the open circuit voltage, the frequency range is selected to be 0.01 Hz-100 kHz, the amplitude is 10mV, and the measurement of alternating current impedance is carried out.
(3) Constant current charge and discharge test:
the constructed super capacitor is connected with an electrochemical workstation, a test voltage window is selected to be 0-3V, the charge-discharge current density is 0.4A/g, a blue battery charge-discharge test system is utilized during cyclic test, the test conditions are the same, and the number of cyclic cycles is set to be 2005. In addition, the change of the test temperature was achieved by refrigerator refrigeration and water bath heating.
1/4-Ppy-Ti3C2TxThe TEM of the composite nano material is shown in FIG. 1, and the TEM photograph can show that the spindle-shaped polypyrrole is mainly distributed at the edge of the MXene nanosheet, thus proving the successful modification of the polypyrrole. 1/4-Ppy-Ti3C2TxThe infrared test of the composite nano material is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that corresponding characteristic peaks in polypyrrole appear in the composite material, further proving the successful modification of polypyrrole.
The obtained composite membrane prepared in example 1 and the composite membrane prepared in example 2 are characterized by SEM, and as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the interlayer distance of the composite membrane is significantly increased compared to that of a pure MXene membrane, and a microemulsion formed membrane with a larger particle size has a larger interlayer distance, that is, the interlayer distance of the Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic composite membrane is larger than that of the Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic composite membrane.
XRD testing of the composite membrane prepared in example 1 and the composite membrane prepared in example 2 is shown in figure 4, and it can be seen that modification of Ppy and introduction of microemulsion particles can increase interlayer spacing of MXene, wherein [ EMim ] [ NTf2] microemulsion particles have larger effect on interlayer spacing increase than [ Eim ] [ NTf2], which is consistent with SEM results.
The AC impedance test results are shown in FIG. 5, which shows that the composite membrane resistance of the microemulsion participating in the construction is obviously reduced. The cyclic voltammetry test was performed, and the results are shown in FIG. 6 by the formula at a sweep rate of 20mV/s
Figure BDA0002952642490000111
The specific mass capacities of the Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic composite membrane and the Ppy-MXene-Eim-mic composite membrane are 31.75F/g and 32.78F/g respectively.
Taking Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film prepared in example 1 as a research object, the influence of temperature on the performance of the Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film is researched, as shown in FIG. 7, when the temperature is increased to 50 ℃, the resistance is reduced, the corresponding charge and discharge time is prolonged, and when the temperature is reduced to 4 ℃, the resistance is slightly increased, and the charge and discharge time is slightly reduced, so that the capacitor can work in a wider temperature range, namely 4-50 ℃. The Ppy-MXene-EMim-mic electrode-electrolyte composite film prepared in example 1 is subjected to cycle performance test, and is cycled 2000 times at a current density of 0.4A/g, as shown in FIG. 8, the coulombic efficiency and the capacity retention rate are basically unchanged, and the capacitor has good cycle stability.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The modified Ppy-MXene composite material is characterized by comprising a plurality of MXene nanosheets distributed in a layered mode, wherein the MXene nanosheets are compounded with polypyrrole, and ionic liquid microemulsion particles are attached to the surfaces of the MXene nanosheets.
2. The modified Ppy-MXene composite material of claim 1, wherein MXene is Ti3C2Tx。
3. The modified Ppy-MXene composite material of claim 1, wherein the ionic liquid microemulsion particle is formed by coating ionic liquid with surfactant;
preferably, the surfactant is tween 80.
4. A preparation method of a modified Ppy-MXene composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding pyrrole into MXene dispersion liquid to carry out polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy-MXene composite material;
preparing ionic liquid into water-in-water ionic liquid microemulsion;
and mixing the ionic liquid microemulsion in water with the solution of the Ppy-MXene composite material, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the modified Ppy-MXene composite material.
5. The preparation method of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein pyrrole is dripped into MXene dispersion liquid, and stirring is carried out for 10-14 h at normal temperature to obtain the Ppy-MXene composite material;
or the preparation process of the ionic liquid microemulsion in water comprises the following steps: mixing water, a surfactant and ionic liquid, and performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the product;
preferably, the mass ratio of the water to the surfactant to the ionic liquid is 14-16: 3.5-4.5: 1;
preferably, the surfactant is tween 80;
preferably, the time for obtaining the ion liquid microemulsion in water by ultrasonic treatment is 25-35 minutes.
6. The preparation method of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the volume ratio of the ionic liquid microemulsion in water to the solution of the Ppy-MXene composite material is 1: 0.9-1.1;
or the time for obtaining the modified Ppy-MXene composite material through ultrasonic treatment is 35-45 minutes;
or, carrying out vacuum filtration on the modified Ppy-MXene-containing composite material obtained by ultrasonic treatment, and then carrying out vacuum drying to prepare the modified Ppy-MXene composite material into a composite film.
7. The application of the modified Ppy-MXene composite material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 or the modified Ppy-MXene composite material obtained by the preparation method as defined in any one of claims 4 to 6 in preparation of electrodes of supercapacitors.
8. A supercapacitor electrode, characterized by comprising an active material, wherein the active material is the modified Ppy-MXene composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the modified Ppy-MXene composite material obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 6;
preferably, the supercapacitor electrode is of a film structure.
9. A supercapacitor comprising the supercapacitor electrode of claim 8 and an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte is an ionic liquid.
10. The supercapacitor of claim 9, wherein the ionic liquid is [ EMim ] [ TFSI ] or [ Eim ] [ TFSI ].
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