CN113012845A - Frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler - Google Patents
Frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler Download PDFInfo
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- CN113012845A CN113012845A CN202110222782.3A CN202110222782A CN113012845A CN 113012845 A CN113012845 A CN 113012845A CN 202110222782 A CN202110222782 A CN 202110222782A CN 113012845 A CN113012845 A CN 113012845A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/66—Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler which comprises the following components in parts by weight: the frozen soil resistance-reducing filler disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of low condensation temperature, strong permeability, stable soil plasticity and the like, and can effectively improve the plasticity and conductivity of frozen soil around a grounding body, thereby reducing the grounding resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power system grounding, and particularly relates to frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler.
Background
The ground resistance is numerically the ratio of the potential difference between the grounding device and the remote potential zero to the current flowing into the ground through the grounding device. The ground resistance is a very important parameter for guaranteeing the normal operation of the power system, according to the formula U-IR, under the condition of a certain short-circuit fault current, the size of the ground resistance determines the level of the ground potential rise during the fault, and the ground potential rise is a main factor of damage and personnel overcurrent injury risks caused by current back-invasion equipment. Therefore, it is a key factor for ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment to make the grounding device obtain a low grounding resistance value as much as possible. The grounding resistance of the grounding device, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, is composed of three parts:
(1) the grounding body 1 itself and the resistance connected thereto;
(2) contact resistance between the ground surface and the soil 2 in contact therewith;
(3) the earth around the grounding body.
The influence of the contact resistance of the grounding body and the soil and the current dispersion resistance of the soil on the grounding resistance is the most serious in the three parts, and the contact resistance is particularly obvious in areas with high soil resistivity.
In the frozen soil environment, plastic soil becomes solid block-shaped, and the contact resistance with a grounding body is increased; because there is no solution environment in the frozen soil environment, soluble salt in the soil can not form conductive ions, and the soil resistivity of the frozen soil can be increased by 3-10 times compared with that of non-frozen soil; in addition, the frozen soil area is in a high-cold high-altitude area, and the mechanical construction is difficult. Therefore, the grounding resistance of the grounding device in the frozen soil environment (or seasonal frozen soil) is always lack of effective solutions, and the problem of resistance reduction is always prominent.
At present, the grounding resistance reduction measures for the frozen soil environment generally have the following modes:
laying the grounding device below the frozen soil layer: the construction amount is large in the mode, large-scale machinery is used, and particularly, the construction is very inconvenient for grounding of a grounding area with large thickness of frozen soil and a mountain slope;
adopting a deep well mode to reduce resistance: the principle is that the grounding body is laid below a frozen soil layer, a mechanical rotary hole is needed, the geological environment and the construction site are limited, and the construction is inconvenient or even impossible;
enlarging a grounding grid: according to the formula
It is known that increasing the area S of the ground grid can offset the effect of increasing the resistivity ρ of the soil. The increase of exponential level not only greatly increases the cost of the grounding device, but also has great implementation difficulty in reality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the resistance reducing filler which is suitable for grounding of frozen soil, and solves the problem of grounding resistance reduction of the geological conditions of the frozen soil or seasonal frozen soil on the premise of not increasing the construction amount.
The frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of conductive material, 1-10 parts of dispersant, 20-40 parts of antifreeze and 25-50 parts of water.
Further, the conductive substance is one or a mixture of more of graphite, sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
Further, the conductive substance is a mixture of graphite and sodium chloride or a mixture of graphite and potassium chloride.
Further, the mass ratio of graphite to sodium chloride is 3:1, and the mass ratio of graphite to potassium chloride is 3: 1.
Further, the carbon content of the graphite is more than 90%.
Further, the dispersant is polyacrylamide.
Further, the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol.
A preparation method of frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler comprises the step of mixing 10-50 parts of conductive substances, 1-10 parts of dispersing agents, 20-40 parts of antifreezing agents and 25-50 parts of water to obtain the frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the frozen soil resistance-reducing filler is in a slurry state, and is added with anti-freezing and hydrophilic substances, so that the filler can still keep good fluidity at low temperature. The material has the characteristics of low condensation temperature and strong permeability, and after the material is added into soil, the soil is enabled to be plastic and stable, and the plasticity and the conductivity of frozen soil around a grounding body can be effectively improved, so that the grounding resistance is reduced; the field direct use is convenient to implement. When the frozen soil resistance-reducing filler is used, the frozen soil resistance-reducing filler and soil are mixed in advance and then laid around a grounding body, or the frozen soil resistance-reducing filler is added into the soil in a grounding ditch to improve the soil.
The anti-freezing agent is added, so that the soil around the grounding body is not frozen in a frozen soil environment (the lowest temperature can reach-50 ℃), the contact stability is guaranteed, and the contact of the soil pre-grounding body is enhanced;
the filler prepared by the invention is slurry, has strong affinity with soil, can permeate conductive substances into soil gaps, effectively improves the conductivity of the soil and reduces the grounding resistance.
10-50 parts of conductive substance, which is a main functional substance of the filler, increases the conductivity of the soil and reduces the resistance of the ground body to flow. Selecting 10-50 parts of mixture ratio based on performance limit requirement and economic comparison;
1-10 parts of dispersing agent, the material mainly plays a role in dispersing conductive components, the uniformity of conductive concentration in the penetration range of the material is guaranteed, and the conductive material can be quickly combined with soil due to the hydrophilic characteristic. In general, the larger the amount of the solid-type conductive material, the larger the amount of the dispersant. Based on functional factors and in combination with the proportion of the conductive substance, it is reasonable to determine the proportion of 1-10 parts.
20-40 parts of an antifreezing agent (ethylene glycol or glycerol), which is a substance for ensuring that the resistance reducing performance of the filler is maintained in a frozen soil environment. The filler can be applied to soil with the limit stability of-40 ℃, so that the proportion of 20-40 parts is selected.
Furthermore, the dispersant polyacrylamide is a hydrophilic substance, can increase the consistency of a solution, suspend and disperse conductive substances, forms a conductive network after permeation, and can effectively improve the conductivity and frost resistance of soil by combining with an antifreezing agent. But the usage amount of the polyacrylamide cannot be too large, otherwise, the polyacrylamide is easy to form a non-flowing state, and the production and construction are not convenient.
Furthermore, the content of graphite carbon is more than 90%, which is beneficial to electric conduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a hemispherical ground in homogeneous soil and its potential distribution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the contact between the ground body and the soil;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power frequency resistivity test performed on the resistance-reducing filler-modified soil.
In the drawings: 1. the device comprises a grounding body, 2, soil, 3, improved soil, 4, a test groove, 5, a first test electrode, 6 and a second test electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and easier to understand. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples, wherein the specific examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler mainly comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of conductive substance, 1-10 parts of dispersant, 20-40 parts of antifreeze and 25-50 parts of water, and the frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler can be prepared after the components are mixed.
The conductive substance is selected from one or a mixture of more of graphite, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, the sodium chloride and the potassium chloride are generally used together with the graphite in a ratio of 1:3, and the carbon content of the graphite is generally not lower than 90%, so that the conductive substance is favorable for conductivity.
The dispersant is selected from polyacrylamide, is a hydrophilic substance, can increase the consistency of a solution, uniformly disperses a conductive substance and forms a conductive network after permeation, and the usage amount of polyacrylamide cannot be too large, otherwise, the polyacrylamide is easy to form a non-flowing state and is inconvenient to produce.
The antifreezing agent is selected from one of ethylene glycol and glycerol, and the two substances can effectively reduce the freezing point of water, stably maintain the plasticity of the soil after being combined with the dispersing agent, and enhance the contact of the pre-grounded body of the soil.
Example 1
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a gray black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30 parts of graphite, 10 parts of sodium chloride, 1 part of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of ethylene glycol and 29 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 2
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a gray black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30 parts of graphite, 10 parts of sodium chloride, 1 part of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of glycerol and 29 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 3
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a gray black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20 parts of graphite, 10 parts of sodium chloride, 2 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of ethylene glycol and 28 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 4
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a gray black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30 parts of graphite, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of ethylene glycol and 33 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 5
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is a colorless liquid and consists of the following components in parts by weight:
30 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of ethylene glycol and 38 parts of water.
Example 6
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40 parts of graphite, 4 parts of polyacrylamide, 30 parts of ethylene glycol and 26 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 7
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40 parts of graphite, 4 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of ethylene glycol and 36 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 8
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of graphite, 10 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of ethylene glycol and 25 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
Example 9
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is a colorless liquid and consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of sodium chloride, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 40 parts of ethylene glycol and 45 parts of water.
Example 10
The embodiment is a resistance reducing filler for grounding frozen soil, which is in a black flowing plastic shape and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of graphite, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of polyacrylamide, 20 parts of ethylene glycol and 50 parts of water. Wherein the carbon content of the graphite is not less than 90%.
The preparation method of each embodiment is simple, and the components in the proportion are uniformly mixed.
The laboratory tests the power frequency resistivity of the above examples and the experimental arrangement is shown in figure 3. The soil is mixed with the above examples to obtain improved soil 3, the improved soil is put into a test tank 4 (frozen soil resistance reducing filler: soil: 1:10), the test tank 4 is an insulating square box, and the blank sample is prepared from tap water: and (3) keeping the soil at the temperature for at least 12 hours, introducing power frequency current to the first test electrode 5 and the second test electrode 6, reading the resistance value, and comparing the change of the resistance value. The test results are shown in the following table, and the measurement results show that: when the graphite and sodium chloride or the graphite and potassium chloride are mixed for use, the electric conduction effect is best, and the ratio of 3:1 is the preferred scheme; the resistance stability in the frozen soil environment is better or the graphite content is large, because the graphite is an electronic conduction mechanism, the temperature has little influence on the graphite; the antifreezing effect of the glycol is better than that of the glycerol, and the reasonable proportion of the glycol is 30 parts (by weight).
Table 1 example laboratory test results
Note: the blank sample is tap water: 1:10 of soil; the lower the resistance, the better the conductivity of the soil, and the smaller the resistance change rate, the better the improvement effect of the frozen soil.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of conductive material, 1-10 parts of dispersant, 20-40 parts of antifreeze and 25-50 parts of water.
2. The frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler according to claim 1, wherein the conductive substance is one or a mixture of graphite, sodium chloride and potassium chloride.
3. The frozen earth grounding resistance-reducing filler according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive substance is a mixture of graphite and sodium chloride or a mixture of graphite and potassium chloride.
4. The frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of graphite to sodium chloride is 3:1, and the mass ratio of graphite to potassium chloride is 3: 1.
5. The frozen earth grounding resistance-reducing filler according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the carbon content of the graphite is more than 90%.
6. The frozen soil ground resistance-reducing filler according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is polyacrylamide.
7. The frozen soil ground resistance-reducing filler according to claim 1, wherein the antifreezing agent is ethylene glycol or glycerol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110222782.3A CN113012845A (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110222782.3A CN113012845A (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler |
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| CN113012845A true CN113012845A (en) | 2021-06-22 |
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| CN202110222782.3A Pending CN113012845A (en) | 2021-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Frozen soil grounding resistance-reducing filler |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114645492A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-06-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for slowing frost heaving deformation of polyacrylamide solution modified soil body |
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| CN111063489A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-24 | 蔡春锋 | Preparation method of corrosion-resistant scouring-resistant resistance reducing agent |
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2021
- 2021-02-26 CN CN202110222782.3A patent/CN113012845A/en active Pending
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| US20040099982A1 (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2004-05-27 | Sirola D. Brien | Conductive concrete compositions and methods of manufacturing same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114645492B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-03-31 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for slowing frost heaving deformation of polyacrylamide solution modified soil body |
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Application publication date: 20210622 |
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