CN113011671A - GIS (geographic information System) spatial geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method - Google Patents
GIS (geographic information System) spatial geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a GIS space geographic analysis-based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: (1) providing scientific basis for planning work of the forest fire prevention helideck and guiding reasonable layout of facility space; (2) ArcGIS software is applied to site selection aid decision analysis, site selection element space visualization is realized, and scientificity and rationality of a site selection scheme are enhanced; (3) an analytic hierarchy process-based site selection evaluation system is established, a complex site selection problem is converted into a qualitative and quantitative decision system, and the practicability and effectiveness of scheme optimization are improved; (4) a layout and site selection model based on a coverage model is constructed, and a scientific mathematical model algorithm is applied, so that the problem of the layout of the helipad can be accurately and quickly solved; (5) a clear technical framework and an analysis method for positioning the layout of the helipad are provided, and the method has good real operability and wide applicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of helicopter level layout site selection optimization, and particularly relates to a forest fire prevention helicopter level layout site selection method based on GIS spatial geographic analysis.
Background
The construction of ecological civilization is related to the welfare of people and is in the future of nationalities. Eighteen of the parties bring the ecological civilization construction into the general layout of Chinese characteristic social career, clearly propose to vigorously promote the ecological civilization construction, strive to build beautiful China, and realize the sustainable development of Chinese nationality. The forest fire prevention work is well done, and the effective protection of forest resources is an important content for building ecological civilization. Practice shows that aviation forest protection is an important means for forest fire prevention and is one of effective measures for protecting forest resources. Among a plurality of aviation aircrafts, the helicopter has the outstanding advantages of small taking-off and landing field, strong adaptability, rapid response and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation forest protection, forest fire extinguishment and the like at present.
In order to practically exert the advantages of aviation means in forest fire prevention, the key is to reasonably arrange apron facilities for taking off and landing, hovering, supplying and the like of the airplane. In important forest areas and areas with frequent fire disasters, helicopters (also called outdoor air parks, temporary lifting points and the like) are constructed according to actual requirements and actual condition layouts, once a fire disaster occurs in a nearby area, the helicopters can descend or descend a fire fighter to the air parks to carry out on-site fire suppression, or the helicopters can directly spray liquid in the air to extinguish the fire or hang a bucket to extinguish the fire, and fire extinguishing materials can be quickly supplied through the air parks, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency can be effectively improved [ Tangnul. Yerkinj (Tangnur). ] the current situation of forest aviation fire fighting and the development strategy research [ D ]. Beijing: university of Beijing forestry, 2017 ]. Therefore, in order to implement the strategic requirements of national construction of ecological civilization and improve the urban aviation forest protection capability, the method for selecting the sites by the layout of the helipad facing forest fire prevention and scientifically guiding the construction of the infrastructure of the aviation forest protection are urgently and actively explored.
The current state of the southern aviation forest and the development strategy discussion [ J ] forest manager, 2017,31(2):6-9,13. Maocha ] study on the development of northeast aviation forest and the strategy [ J ] foreign entrepreneur, 2019(19):156, Zhang Chun, Huangjun Yao, Wang Fei river forest protection, 1): 64. Zhang Jingping in the aviation forest protection [ J ] balance Scientific and technical innovation, 2018(35), 150. Liu hong Chun, Liu Lang Changbai mountain helicopter take-off and landing point in forest fire prevention work [ J ] forest fire prevention, 2013(4), 59-60 ], and the requirements of aviation forest protection airports or air parks on the site, the standards of the air parks, clearance conditions and the standards of supporting facilities [ Zhou Wan.
Few research applications and quantitative analysis methods are used for constructing an aircraft take-off and landing site layout and site selection model for aviation forest protection and forest fire prevention. Among them, there is a research proposing that an aviation shelter is optimized by adopting a comprehensive grading method and depending on an airport [ Chenshaohuai. Fujian aviation shelter aircraft is optimized and depending on an airport method, and the research is carried out [ J ] forest fire prevention, 2017(1):38-40,43. ]; the method also aims at forest fire prevention of plateau forest regions, utilizes cellular automata CA to simulate forest fire spreading characteristics, and provides a method for planning the layout of take-off and landing points of a forest fire prevention aircraft based on a P-median model and an analytic hierarchy process [ Yangming, Shao, Gaojian, and the like ].
In summary, the current forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method mainly has the following technical problems:
(1) related research is mainly qualitative analysis, and a clear quantitative analysis technical framework and a scientific calculation method are lacked;
(2) the current quantitative site selection method for the forest fire prevention parking apron is only suitable for plateau forest areas and lacks wide applicability.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved at present is to be researched and provided with a quantitative analysis method for forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection, which has high practicability and can be widely popularized and applied, by combining the characteristics of forest fire prevention helideck operation tasks.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems, the invention provides a GIS (geographic information system) spatial geographic analysis-based forest fire prevention helideck layout and site selection method, which comprises the steps of establishing an ArcGIS-based helideck site selection space database, an AHP-analytic hierarchy process-based site selection evaluation system and a coverage model-based layout and site selection model, and introduces the implementation flow of the invention content in detail through embodiments.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a GIS spatial geographic analysis-based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) collecting relevant element data of the airport apron site selection, and constructing a geospatial database based on ArcGIS;
determining relevant site selection factors of a lawn site selection area according to the operation task characteristics of the forest fire prevention helicopter, and collecting relevant basic data;
constructing a geographic space database by utilizing ArcGIS based on the space vector data of the addressing elements;
(2) determining an alternative site set of the airport apron by utilizing a space analysis tool according to the site requirements of the forest fire prevention helicopter apron;
performing superposition analysis on an unsuitable site selection area and a suitable site selection area of the forest fire prevention helideck by using an ArcGIS space analysis function to determine a planned site selection area S;
according to the site requirements of the forest fire prevention helideck, the site requirements include: the method comprises the steps that the terrain of a site is flat, the area of the site meets clearance conditions, the site is close to a water taking point, and an alternative site set N of the parking apron is determined from a planned site selection area S to be {1,2, … N };
(3) establishing an AHP analytic hierarchy process-based site selection evaluation system, and comprehensively evaluating the alternative sites;
the AHP analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
selecting evaluation index factors
Determining an alternative site evaluation index system through analysis of site selection factors of the forest fire prevention helideck layout, wherein the evaluation index system comprises 4 aspects of overall layout balance, site implementation difficulty, forest fire prevention system operation efficiency and site extension conditions, and 8 evaluation index factors including overall layout a11Clearance condition a21Function of land for use a22Land use conditions a23Distance a from base31Water intake conditions a32Traffic condition a41Site conditions a42；
② constructing judgment matrix
Comparing every two by adopting a consistent matrix method;
the judgment matrix is a comparison showing the relative importance of all factors of the layer to one factor of the previous layer, namely: giving judgment according to the relative importance of each element of each layer, and adopting a quantized value b for the importance of the factor i to the factor jijDetermining scale values by a 1-5 scale method, and forming a judgment matrix among factors;
calculating weight vector and checking its consistency
Calculating the factors a respectivelyijFor the factor aiFactor aiWeight to composite score W and test parameters: i.e. the maximum characteristic root λmaxA consistency index CI;
maximum feature root λ for each decision matrixmaxAnd corresponding feature vectors, and performing consistency check; if the verification is passed, the normalized feature vector is the weight vector W; if not, the judgment matrix needs to be reconstructed, for bijAdjusting;
determining evaluation index scoring standard
Defining the score of each factor to be 5 points at most and 0 points at least;
fifthly, calculating the comprehensive score of the alternative sites
Through the steps, the comprehensive score of each alternative site is calculated by utilizing an analytic hierarchy process;
Zi＝W(ai)×Yi T
P＝W(a)×ZT
in the formula:
Zi-a certain alternative site factor aiScore of (a);
W(ai) -factor aiA weight matrix for each factor;
Yi T-a certain alternative site factor aiTranspose of each factor score matrix, Yi＝{Yi1，Yi2，…Yin}；
P is the final score of a certain alternative site evaluation system;
w (a) -a weight matrix among the factors of the factor layer;
ZT-transpose matrix of scoring matrix for each factor of a certain alternative site, ZT＝{Z1，Z2，…Zn}；
(4) Constructing a coverage model, and determining a set of the apron layout scheme capable of covering all forest resources;
the coverage model is to determine a group of service facilities to meet known demand points, namely, a plurality of candidate sites are selected as a final layout scheme, and the number of sites is required to be minimum under the condition of covering all demand points of the forest district;
converting the preliminary layout scheme of the forest fire prevention helideck into n service points, wherein the model aims to select k service points from the n service points as a final layout scheme, so that all demand points D are covered by the minimum service points; the model is expressed as follows:
minZ＝x1+x2+…+xn (1)
xi∈{0,1}i∈N (3)
yij∈{0,1}i∈N,j∈D (4)
in the formula:
n — set of helipad candidate sites (service points), N ═ 1,2, … N };
d — set of demand points for all forest suburban parks, D ═ 1,2, … m };
xi-deciding on a variable, selecting an alternative field address i, then xi1, otherwise xi＝0，i∈N；
yij-a demand point j is assigned to an alternative site i, served by site i, then yij1, otherwise yij＝0，i∈N，j∈D；
C (j) -a set of alternative sites that can cover the demand point j;
equation (1) -objective function, minimizing the number of candidate sites;
equation (2) -a constraint that ensures coverage of all demand points;
determining a set of helideck layout alternatives which can cover all forest area demand points and have the least number of sites by using the model;
(5) determining an optimal layout scheme: the number of the alternative sites is the least, and the sum of the comprehensive evaluation scores of the sites is the highest;
and (4) combining the step (3), calculating the sum of the comprehensive scores of all the sites in the alternative schemes of the helideck layout, and taking the scheme with the least number of selected sites and the highest sum of the comprehensive evaluation scores of the sites as the optimal layout scheme.
Preferably, the relevant basic data in step (1) includes: civil and military airport airspace ranges, reservoir boundaries, drinking reservoir classification protection areas, electric power high-voltage corridor protection ranges, nuclear power station ranges, topographic maps, current building boundaries and elevations, geological disaster distribution, flooding risk areas, active fault areas, ecological protection areas, basic farmland boundaries, and other areas which are not allowed to be built.
Preferably, in the step (2), the regions unsuitable for site selection mainly relate to ecology, safety and sites, and comprise a primary water source protection region, an ecological protection region/natural protection region, a basic farmland, a nuclear power station protection range, a high-voltage corridor protection range, a no-fly region, a geological disaster risk region, a submergence risk region, an active fault region and a region incapable of taking off and landing; in addition to the above factors, the characteristics of the region should be combined, and weather, electromagnetism and other adverse factors should be additionally considered; preferentially selecting sites near the central zone of the forest area, namely the suitable site selection area of the airport apron is the management range of the suburb park of the forest.
Preferably, in step (3): constructing quantized value b of judgment matrixij1 means that factor i is equally important than factor j; quantized value bij2 indicates that factor i is slightly more important than factor j; quantized value bij3 means that factor i is more important than factor j; quantized value bij4 indicates that factor i is more important than factor j; quantized value bijWith 5, factor i is extremely more important than factor j.
Preferably, in step (3): thirdly, when the weight vector and the consistency check are calculated,
firstly, calculating a consistency index CI:
and then comparing the CI with the random consistency index RI to obtain a check coefficient CR, wherein the formula is as follows:
the random consistency index RI is related to the order n of the judgment matrix, and the larger the order of the matrix is, the higher the possibility of consistency deviation is, and the correspondence relationship is as follows: when n is 1, RI is 0; when n is 2, RI is 0; when n is 3, RI is 0.58; when n is 4, RI is 0.90; when n is 5, RI is 1.12; when n is 6, RI is 1.24; when n is 7, RI is 1.32; when n is 8, RI is 1.41; when n is 9, RI is 1.45; when n is 10, RI is 1.49;
if CR is<0.1, the judgment matrix is considered to pass the consistency test, otherwise, the judgment matrix does not have satisfactory consistency; using its normalized feature vector as weight vector, otherwise, reconstructing the judgment matrix, and comparing bijTo be adjusted.
Preferably, in step (3): determining the standard of evaluation index scoring,
the specific index scoring standards are as follows:
general layout a11: calculating the distance between adjacent candidate sites, wherein the larger the distance is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
clearance condition a21: analyzing the size of a lifting clearance fan surface, wherein the larger the fan surface is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
function of land use a22: according to the urban planning land function of the field, the suburb park land is divided into 5 points, public facilities such as an urban park square are divided into 3 points, and the other public facilities are divided into 1 point;
conditions of land use a23: according to the flatness degree of the field, the flatness is 5 minutes, the flatness is 3 minutes and the unevenness is 1 minute;
base distance a31: calculating the distance between the site and the aviation forest base, wherein the closer the distance is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
water intake condition a32: calculating the distance between the site and the nearest water-taking pointCloser distance, higher score; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
traffic condition a41: according to the current situation of the site, whether an access road exists or not is judged to be 5 points, and if not, 0 point is judged;
site conditions a42: analyzing the area of the field, wherein the larger the area is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5 points, and the lowest score is 1 point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention comprehensively applies various technical theories, provides a method for selecting sites for the layout of the forest fire prevention helideck based on GIS spatial geographic analysis, well solves the problem of complex facility service network layout site selection, provides scientific basis for planning work of the forest fire prevention helideck, effectively guides the space reasonable layout of the facilities of the helideck, and improves the response efficiency of forest fire prevention helideck operation.
(2) The ArcGIS software with strong data management and spatial analysis processing capacity is applied to the siting analysis of the parking apron, the spatial visualization of siting elements is realized, the auxiliary decision is carried out on the former perceptual and empirical siting work, the working efficiency of facility siting is greatly improved, and the scientificity and rationality of a siting scheme are enhanced.
(3) The invention establishes an analytic hierarchy process-based site selection evaluation system, converts site selection factors of the forest fire prevention helideck layout into a plurality of evaluation indexes capable of being calculated quantitatively, converts a complex site selection problem into a qualitative and quantitative decision-making system, and effectively improves the practicability and effectiveness of layout scheme optimization.
(4) The invention constructs a layout and site selection model based on a coverage model, and can accurately and quickly solve the problem of the layout of the helipad by applying a scientific mathematical model algorithm.
(5) The invention provides a clear technical framework and an analysis method for the layout and site selection of a helideck, which have better practical operability and wide applicability, can be applied to different regions such as plateau, plain, city and the like, and can be applied to different general aviation services such as forest fire prevention, field rescue, medical rescue and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layout site selection process of a forest fire prevention helideck based on GIS spatial geographic analysis.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a GIS space geographic analysis-based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection evaluation index system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The relevant terms used in the present invention are defined as follows according to the document specification such as general aviation terminology (MH/T1039-2011):
(1) aviation forest protection: the aviation operation of forest fire fighting is implemented by using a general aircraft and special instruments and equipment and equipping with professionals.
(2) Patrol early warning: the forest aviation fire flight observer takes the general aircraft to patrol the fire above the forest area and observes, judges, records and reports the fire.
(3) Machine group liquid spraying fire extinguishing: the aviation operation of spraying chemical fire extinguishing agent or water to extinguish forest fire by using a plurality of general aircrafts.
(4) Mechanically lowering and extinguishing fire: the fire fighter takes the helicopter to land near the fire scene to fight the forest fire.
(5) Rope (slide) drop fire extinguishing: the fire fighter descends to the ground through the cable (sliding) landing equipment on the hovering helicopter to fight the aerial operation of forest fire.
(6) Bucket fire extinguishing: the helicopter is used for aviation operation for fighting forest fires by loading chemical agents or water on an externally hung bucket of a helicopter.
Helideck is defined in a variety of ways, including but not limited to the following: helicopter air park, helicopter take-off and landing point (field), helicopter field operation point, helicopter field air park and the like, therefore, any person skilled in the art shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention by taking facilities similarly defined as the helicopter park as research objects without departing from the technical scheme of the present invention.
The invention provides a GIS (geographic information system) spatial geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method, which is used for solving the technical problems that a clear quantitative analysis technical framework and a scientific calculation method are lacked and wide applicability is lacked in the current forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method.
Referring to the attached drawing 1, the invention provides a GIS (geographic information system) space geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection quantitative analysis method which is high in practicability and can be widely popularized and applied, and the method comprises the following specific steps (see the attached drawing 1):
(1) collecting relevant element data of the airport apron site selection, and constructing a geospatial database based on ArcGIS.
The helicopter is mainly applied to forest fire prevention operation types such as machine group liquid spraying fire extinguishing, machine descending fire extinguishing, cable (slide) descending fire extinguishing, bucket hanging fire extinguishing, forest protection operation, fire condition patrol and the like. Therefore, the main functions of the forest fire prevention helideck include helicopter take-off and landing, helicopter fire extinguishing material supplement, airborne or cabled fire fighters, supplies and the like.
According to the technical characteristics of the forest fire prevention helicopter operation task, the relevant elements of the airport site selection area are determined and relevant basic data are collected by referring to the relevant construction specification [ MH 5026-2012 of the general airport, the relevant construction specification [ S ] MH 5013-2014 of the general airport and the technical standard [ S ] of the flight site of the civil heliport, wherein the relevant basic data comprise: civil and military airport airspace ranges, reservoir boundaries, drinking reservoir graded protection areas, electric power high-voltage corridor protection ranges, nuclear power station ranges, topographic maps, current building boundaries and elevations, geological disaster distribution, flooding risk areas, active fault areas, ecological protection areas, basic farmland boundaries, other areas which are not allowed to be built and the like.
And constructing a geospatial database by utilizing ArcGIS based on the space vector data of the addressing elements.
(2) And determining an alternative site set of the airport apron by using a space analysis tool according to the site requirements of the forest fire prevention helicopter airport apron.
And (3) performing superposition analysis on an unsuitable site selection area and a suitable site selection area of the forest fire prevention helideck by using an ArcGIS space analysis function to determine a planned site selection area S.
The regions unsuitable for site selection mainly relate to ecological, safety, field and other factors, and comprise a primary water source protection region, an ecological protection region/natural protection region, a basic farmland, a nuclear power station protection range, a high-voltage corridor protection range, a no-fly region (mainly an airspace range of a transport airport and a military airport), a geological disaster risk region, a submergence risk region, an active fault region and a region incapable of taking off and landing (such as high-rise depression, water area and the like). In addition to the above factors, other adverse factors such as weather, electromagnetism, etc. should be additionally considered in combination with the characteristics of the region. In order to ensure the most effective disposal of forest fires, the area is preferably selected close to the central zone of the forest area, namely the suitable selected area of the airport apron is the management range of the forest suburban park.
According to the site requirements of the forest fire prevention helideck, such as: the terrain of the site is flat, the area is larger than 52mX52m, the condition of clearance is met, the site is close to a water taking point, and the like, and an apron candidate site set N is determined from the planned site selection area S as {1,2, … N }.
(3) An address selection evaluation system based on an AHP (analytic hierarchy process) analytic hierarchy process is established, and comprehensive evaluation is carried out on the alternative addresses.
The AHP (analytic hierarchy process) is a systematic method which takes a complex multi-target decision problem as a system, decomposes a target into a plurality of targets or criteria and further decomposes the targets into a plurality of layers of multiple indexes, and calculates the single-layer ordering (weight) and the total ordering of the layers by a qualitative index fuzzy quantization method to be taken as the target (multiple indexes) and multi-scheme optimization decision.
The AHP analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
selecting evaluation index factors
Determining an alternative site evaluation index system by analyzing site selection factors of the forest fire prevention helideck layout, wherein the evaluation index system comprises 4 aspects of overall layout balance, site implementation difficulty, forest fire prevention system operation efficiency and site extension conditions, and 8 evaluation index factors (shown in figure 2) in total, including an overall layout a11Clearance condition a21Function of land for use a22Land use conditions a23Distance a from base31Water intake conditions a32Traffic condition a41Site conditions a42；
② constructing judgment matrix
When determining the weight between the factors of each layer, if only the qualitative result is obtained, the result is not easily accepted by others, so that the consistent matrix method is adopted, namely all the factors are not put together for comparison, but two factors are compared with each other, and the relative scale is adopted at the moment, so that the difficulty of comparing the factors with different properties with each other is reduced as much as possible, and the accuracy is improved.
The judgment matrix is a comparison showing the relative importance of all factors of the layer to one factor of the previous layer. Namely: and (4) giving judgment according to the relative importance of each element of each layer, determining a scale value by using a 1-5 scale method, and forming a judgment matrix among the elements.
TABLE 1 judge matrix Scale Table
Calculating weight vector and checking its consistency
Maximum feature root λ for each decision matrixmaxAnd corresponding feature vectors, and performing consistency check. If the test is passed, the feature vector (after normalization) is the weight vector W; if not, the judgment matrix is required to be reconstructed. The consistency index is calculated by CI, and the smaller the CI, the greater the consistency. The consistency index is:
CI is 0, with complete consistency; CI is close to 0, and the consistency is satisfactory; the larger the CI, the more severe the inconsistency.
To measure the magnitude of CI, a random consistency index RI was introduced. The random consistency index RI is related to the order n of the judgment matrix, and in general, the larger the order of the matrix is, the higher the possibility of consistency deviation is, and the correspondence is as shown in the table:
TABLE 2 average random consistency index RI standard value
| Order of matrix | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| RI | 0 | 0 | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 |
Considering that the deviation of consistency may be caused by random reasons, when checking whether the judgment matrix has satisfactory consistency, CI needs to be compared with the random consistency index RI to obtain a checking coefficient CR, where the following formula:
in general, if CR<0.1, the decision matrix is considered to pass the consistency check, otherwise, the consistency is not satisfied. Using its normalized feature vector as weight vector, otherwise, reconstructing the judgment matrix, and comparing bijTo be adjusted.
Determining evaluation index scoring standard
Each factor is assigned a score of 5 points maximum and 0 points minimum. The specific index scoring standards are as follows:
TABLE 3 evaluation index System scoring criteria
Fifthly, calculating the comprehensive score of the alternative sites
Through the steps, the comprehensive score of each alternative site is calculated by utilizing an analytic hierarchy process.
Zi＝W(ai)×Yi T
P＝W(a)×ZT
In the formula:
Zi-a certain alternative site factor aiScore of (a);
W(ai) -factor aiA weight matrix for each factor;
Yi T-a certain alternative site factor aiTranspose of each factor score matrix, Yi＝{Yi1，Yi2，…Yin}；
P is the final score of a certain alternative site evaluation system;
w (a) -a weight matrix among the factors of the factor layer;
ZT-transpose matrix of scoring matrix for each factor of a certain alternative site, ZT＝{Z1，Z2，…Zn}。
(4) And constructing a coverage model, and determining a set of the apron layout scheme capable of covering all forest resources.
The overlay model is to determine a set of service facilities to meet known demand points, as proposed by Toregas et al [ TOREGASCSWAINR, ReVelle C, et al, the location of emergency service facilities [ J ] operations research,1971,19:1366 ], and is currently mainly used for the layout problem of emergency service facilities.
The coverage model is established to solve the layout problem of the forest fire prevention helideck: and selecting a plurality of field addresses from the alternative field addresses as a final layout scheme, wherein the field addresses are required to be minimum in number under the condition of covering all forest area demand points.
The preliminary layout scheme of the forest fire prevention helideck is converted into n service points, and the model aims to select k service points from the n service points to serve as a final layout scheme, so that all the demand points D are covered by the minimum service points. The model is expressed as follows:
minZ＝x1+x2+…+xn (1)
xi∈{0,1}i∈N (3)
yij∈{0,1}i∈N，j∈D (4)
in the formula:
n — set of helipad candidate sites (service points), N ═ 1,2, … N };
d — set of demand points for all forest suburban parks, D ═ 1,2, … m };
xi-deciding on a variable, selecting an alternative field address i, then xi1, otherwise xi＝0，i∈N；
yij-a demand point j is assigned to an alternative site i, served by site i, then yij1, otherwise yij＝0，i∈N，j∈D；
C (j) -a set of alternative sites that can cover the demand point j;
equation (1) -objective function, minimizing the number of candidate sites;
equation (2) -a constraint that ensures coverage of all demand points.
And determining a set of helideck layout alternatives which can cover all forest area demand points and have the least number of sites by using the model.
(5) Determining an optimal layout scheme: the number of the candidate sites is the least, and the sum of the comprehensive evaluation scores of the sites is the highest.
And (4) combining the step (3), calculating the sum of the comprehensive scores of all the sites in the alternative schemes of the helideck layout, and taking the scheme with the least number of selected sites and the highest sum of the comprehensive evaluation scores of the sites as the optimal layout scheme.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practicing the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, but this is not intended to be the only form in which the embodiments of the invention may be practiced or utilized.
An example is to lay out a forest fire protection helideck network in a city, involving 18 forest suburban parks, i.e. 18 demand points (D ═ {1,2, … 18 }). By constructing an ArcGIS geospatial database and site selection element space superposition analysis, a forest fire prevention helicopter park alternative site set N is determined to be {1,2, … 16} by site selection according to forest fire prevention helicopter operation characteristics and helicopter park site requirements. The relative importance of the site selection evaluation index is judged by an expert scoring method, and a judgment matrix between factors is formed, as shown in the following table.
TABLE 4 evaluation of the judgment matrix for each factor in the index system
| Factors of the fact | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 |
| a1 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 2.00 |
| a2 | 3.00 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 5.00 |
| a3 | 2.00 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 4.00 |
| a4 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 1.00 |
TABLE 5 evaluation index system a2Judgment matrix of each factor under factors
| Factor(s) | a21 | a22 | a23 |
| a21 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 5.00 |
| a22 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 2.00 |
| a23 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 1.00 |
TABLE 6 evaluation index system a3Judgment matrix of each factor under factors
| Factor(s) | a31 | a32 |
| a31 | 1.00 | 0.20 |
| a32 | 5.00 | 1.00 |
TABLE 7 evaluation index system a4Judgment matrix of each factor under factors
| Factor(s) | a41 | a42 |
| a41 | 1.00 | 0.50 |
| a42 | 2.00 | 1.00 |
Calculating the factors a respectivelyijFor the factor aiFactor aiWeight W to composite score and test parameter (maximum feature root λ)maxConsistency index CI) are as follows, all meeting the consistency test. Wherein, the factor aiThe maximum characteristic root for the composite score was 4.021, CI 0.007, and CR 0.008.
TABLE 8 evaluation of the weights and test parameters of the index systems
And calculating to obtain a comprehensive score P of all the alternative sites of the forest fire prevention helideck according to the scoring standard of the evaluation index system and the weight of each evaluation index.
P(i)＝{3.39,2.87,2.94,3.24,2.36,3.18,2.54,2.24,3.37,1.79,3.17,2.76,3.82,3.29,4.12,3.64}，i∈N
According to related research, a helicopter apron is built every 20km, and forest resources can be effectively guaranteed. The shortest circuit between two demand points (core area or central point of forest district) is obtained by the shortest circuit method, and then a candidate site set E (j) capable of covering the demand point j is determined according to the maximum service radius of 10km, as shown in the following table.
TABLE 9 forest demand points and their candidate service ramps
| Demand point j | Site set E (j) capable of covering j | Demand point j | Site set E (j) capable of covering j |
| 1 | 4,11,12,13 | 10 | 10,12 |
| 2 | 1 | 11 | 10 |
| 3 | 10 | 12 | 4,11,12 |
| 4 | 10,12,13 | 13 | 2,3,8,14 |
| 5 | 10,13,14 | 14 | 1,15,16 |
| 6 | 3,8,9 | 15 | 15,16 |
| 7 | 1,6,9,16 | 16 | 7 |
| 8 | 1,5,6,9 | 17 | 7 |
| 9 | 3,9 | 18 | 2,8,10,14 |
According to the objective function established in the step (4), using MATHLAB software to solve the calculation example to obtain a calculation result: the helipad layout alternative which can cover all forest area demand points and has the least number of sites is only 1 group, namely the helipad layout alternative is the optimal layout scheme, namely the helipad {1,3,7,10,12 and 16} is selected. According to the present invention, if a plurality of sets of layout schemes are present, the schemes can be optimized by comprehensively evaluating scores.
The embodiments described above are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can make many changes, modifications, and equivalents to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims below. Therefore, equivalent variations made according to the idea of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the contents of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A GIS spatial geographic analysis-based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) collecting relevant element data of the airport apron site selection, and constructing a geospatial database based on ArcGIS;
determining relevant site selection factors of a lawn site selection area according to the operation task characteristics of the forest fire prevention helicopter, and collecting relevant basic data;
constructing a geographic space database by utilizing ArcGIS based on the space vector data of the addressing elements;
(2) determining an alternative site set of the airport apron by utilizing a space analysis tool according to the site requirements of the forest fire prevention helicopter apron;
performing superposition analysis on an unsuitable site selection area and a suitable site selection area of the forest fire prevention helideck by using an ArcGIS space analysis function to determine a planned site selection area S;
according to the site requirements of the forest fire prevention helideck, the site requirements include: the method comprises the steps that the terrain of a site is flat, the area of the site meets clearance conditions, the site is close to a water taking point, and an alternative site set N of the parking apron is determined from a planned site selection area S to be {1,2, … N };
(3) establishing an AHP analytic hierarchy process-based site selection evaluation system, and comprehensively evaluating the alternative sites;
the AHP analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
selecting evaluation index factors
Determining an alternative site evaluation index system through analysis of site selection factors of the forest fire prevention helideck layout, wherein the evaluation index system comprises 4 aspects of overall layout balance, site implementation difficulty, forest fire prevention system operation efficiency and site extension conditions, and 8 evaluation index factors including overall layout a11Clearance condition a21Function of land for use a22Land use conditions a23Distance a from base31Water intake conditions a32Traffic condition a41Site conditions a42；
② constructing judgment matrix
Comparing every two by adopting a consistent matrix method;
the judgment matrix is a comparison showing the relative importance of all factors of the layer to one factor of the previous layer, namely: giving judgment according to the relative importance of each element of each layer, and adopting a quantized value b for the importance of the factor i to the factor jijDetermining scale values by a 1-5 scale method, and forming a judgment matrix among factors;
calculating weight vector and checking its consistency
Calculating the factors a respectivelyijFor the factor aiFactor aiWeight to composite score W and test parameters: i.e. the maximum characteristic root λmaxA consistency index CI;
maximum feature root λ for each decision matrixmaxAnd corresponding feature vectors, and performing consistency check; if the verification is passed, the normalized feature vector is the weight vector W; if not, the judgment matrix needs to be reconstructed, for bijAdjusting;
determining evaluation index scoring standard
Defining the score of each factor to be 5 points at most and 0 points at least;
fifthly, calculating the comprehensive score of the alternative sites
Through the steps, the comprehensive score of each alternative site is calculated by utilizing an analytic hierarchy process;
Zi＝W(ai)×Yi T
P＝W(a)×ZT
in the formula:
Zi-a certain alternative site factor aiScore of (a);
W(ai) -factor aiA weight matrix for each factor;
Yi T-a certain alternative site factor aiTranspose of each factor score matrix, Yi＝{Yi1，Yi2，…Yin}；
P is the final score of a certain alternative site evaluation system;
w (a) -a weight matrix among the factors of the factor layer;
ZT-transpose matrix of scoring matrix for each factor of a certain alternative site, ZT＝{Z1，Z2，…Zn}；
(4) Constructing a coverage model, and determining a set of the apron layout scheme capable of covering all forest resources;
the coverage model is to determine a group of service facilities to meet known demand points, namely, a plurality of candidate sites are selected as a final layout scheme, and the number of sites is required to be minimum under the condition of covering all demand points of the forest district;
converting the preliminary layout scheme of the forest fire prevention helideck into n service points, wherein the model aims to select k service points from the n service points as a final layout scheme, so that all demand points D are covered by the minimum service points; the model is expressed as follows:
minZ＝x1+x2+…+xn (1)
xi∈{0,1}i∈N (3)
yij∈{0,1}i∈N,j∈D (4)
in the formula:
n — set of helipad candidate sites (service points), N ═ 1,2, … N };
d — set of demand points for all forest suburban parks, D ═ 1,2, … m };
xi-deciding on a variable, selecting an alternative field address i, then xi1, otherwise xi＝0，i∈N；
yij-a demand point j is assigned to an alternative site i, served by site i, then yij1, otherwise yij＝0，i∈N，j∈D；
C (j) -a set of alternative sites that can cover the demand point j;
equation (1) -objective function, minimizing the number of candidate sites;
equation (2) -a constraint that ensures coverage of all demand points;
determining a set of helideck layout alternatives which can cover all forest area demand points and have the least number of sites by using the model;
(5) determining an optimal layout scheme: the number of the alternative sites is the least, and the sum of the comprehensive evaluation scores of the sites is the highest;
and (4) combining the step (3), calculating the sum of the comprehensive scores of all the sites in the alternative schemes of the helideck layout, and taking the scheme with the least number of selected sites and the highest sum of the comprehensive evaluation scores of the sites as the optimal layout scheme.
2. The GIS spatial geographic analysis-based forest fire protection helideck layout site selection method according to claim 1, wherein the relevant basic data in step (1) includes: civil and military airport airspace ranges, reservoir boundaries, drinking reservoir classification protection areas, electric power high-voltage corridor protection ranges, nuclear power station ranges, topographic maps, current building boundaries and elevations, geological disaster distribution, flooding risk areas, active fault areas, ecological protection areas, basic farmland boundaries, and other areas which are not allowed to be built.
3. The GIS spatial geographic analysis-based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein in step (2), the unsuitable site selection area mainly relates to ecology, safety and sites, including a primary water source protection area, an ecological protection area/natural protection area, a basic farmland, a nuclear power plant protection area, a high-pressure corridor protection area, a no-fly area, a geological disaster risk area, a flooding risk area, an active fault area and a no-lift area; in addition to the above factors, the characteristics of the region should be combined, and weather, electromagnetism and other adverse factors should be additionally considered; preferentially selecting sites near the central zone of the forest area, namely the suitable site selection area of the airport apron is the management range of the suburb park of the forest.
4. A GIS (geographic information System) spatial geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized by the following steps (3): constructing quantized value b of judgment matrixij1 means that factor i is equally important than factor j; quantized value bij2 indicates that factor i is slightly more important than factor j; quantized value bij3 means that factor i is more important than factor j; quantized value bij4 denotes the factori is more strongly important than factor j; quantized value bijWith 5, factor i is extremely more important than factor j.
5. A GIS (geographic information System) spatial geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized by the following steps (3): and thirdly, when the weight vector and the consistency thereof are calculated, firstly calculating a consistency index CI:
and then comparing the CI with the random consistency index RI to obtain a check coefficient CR, wherein the formula is as follows:
the random consistency index RI is related to the order n of the judgment matrix, and the larger the order of the matrix is, the higher the possibility of consistency deviation is, and the correspondence relationship is as follows: when n is 1, RI is 0; when n is 2, RI is 0; when n is 3, RI is 0.58; when n is 4, RI is 0.90; when n is 5, RI is 1.12; when n is 6, RI is 1.24; when n is 7, RI is 1.32; when n is 8, RI is 1.41; when n is 9, RI is 1.45; when n is 10, RI is 1.49;
if CR is<0.1, the judgment matrix is considered to pass the consistency test, otherwise, the judgment matrix does not have satisfactory consistency; using its normalized feature vector as weight vector, otherwise, reconstructing the judgment matrix, and comparing bijTo be adjusted.
6. A GIS (geographic information System) spatial geographic analysis based forest fire prevention helideck layout site selection method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized by the following steps (3): fourthly, determining the evaluation index scoring standard, wherein the specific evaluation index scoring standard is as follows:
general layout a11: calculating the distance between adjacent candidate sites, wherein the larger the distance is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
clearance condition a21: analyzing the size of a lifting clearance fan surface, wherein the larger the fan surface is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
function of land use a22: according to the urban planning land function of the field, the suburb park land is divided into 5 points, public facilities such as an urban park square are divided into 3 points, and the other public facilities are divided into 1 point;
conditions of land use a23: according to the flatness degree of the field, the flatness is 5 minutes, the flatness is 3 minutes and the unevenness is 1 minute;
base distance a31: calculating the distance between the site and the aviation forest base, wherein the closer the distance is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
water intake condition a32: calculating the distance between the site and the nearest water taking point, wherein the closer the distance is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5, and the lowest score is 1;
traffic condition a41: according to the current situation of the site, whether an access road exists or not is judged to be 5 points, and if not, 0 point is judged;
site conditions a42: analyzing the area of the field, wherein the larger the area is, the higher the score is; the highest score is 5 points, and the lowest score is 1 point.
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