CN113010836B - Parabolic square model method for forecasting underwater sound field generated by sound source in air - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a parabolic equation model method for forecasting an underwater sound field generated by a sound source in air. The numerical simulation result shows that the acoustic propagation prediction result of the underwater sound field calculation model of the air sound source based on the parabolic equation method is matched with the simple square wave model and the wave beam integration method, and meanwhile, the model can effectively predict the underwater sound field excited by the air sound source under the submarine topography change environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underwater sound propagation modeling and marine sound field analysis, in particular to a parabolic square model method for forecasting an underwater sound field generated by a sound source in air.
Background
Research into underwater sound fields excited by sound sources in the air has been developed by two demands. Firstly, the anti-submarine aircraft plays an important role in modern sea warfare, and the threat to submarines is bigger and bigger; secondly, the radiation noise of the airplane has an important influence on marine organisms. With the development of modern anti-submarine technology, particularly the large amount of equipment of aviation anti-submarine aircraft, the survival condition of submarines is increasingly bad. The anti-submarine aircraft has excellent maneuvering performance and efficient searching and tracking performance, plays an important role in modern sea warfare, is called as a natural enemy of a submarine, becomes a very important ring of modern anti-submarine warfare, and is more and more threatening to the submarine. Among the relative amounts of countersubmarines and submarines, countersubmarines have a significant "asymmetric" advantage, often occupying the wind. At present, submarines have few detection and striking means for the countering aircraft, and are in a passive situation in the countering with the countering aircraft. The submarine sonar is utilized to detect noise radiated by the anti-submarine engine and the propeller underwater, so that early warning can be provided for the submarine, and assistance is provided for tactical avoidance or active attack of the submarine. To design a well-designed underwater air sound detection system, the sound field distribution rule of the underwater excitation of an air sound source needs to be deeply known, and requirements are provided for the establishment of an underwater air sound source acoustic propagation model.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a parabolic square model method for forecasting an underwater sound field generated by a sound source in air.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme. Firstly, modifying a sea surface pressure release boundary condition in a water sound propagation model to represent the sea surface pressure release boundary condition as an air-sea water two-layer medium surface, wherein acoustic parameters in the air adopt actual or measured data; meanwhile, an infinite radiation boundary is arranged above air in actual sound propagation, and a complete matching layer or an artificial absorption layer is added for cutting off a calculation domain; after modification, the depth direction of the parabolic equation model is changed from a three-layer structure of a sea water layer, a sea bottom layer and a sea bottom artificial absorption layer into a five-layer structure of an air complete matching layer, an artificial absorption layer, an air layer, a sea water layer, a sea bottom layer and a sea bottom complete matching layer and an artificial absorption layer; secondly, calculating an initial sound field generated by air sound source radiation by adopting a parabolic equation model, and taking the initial sound field as input of sound field recursive solution; and finally, applying a sound field recurrence calculation formula to obtain the underwater sound pressure value generated by the sound source in the air.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a parabolic equation model method for forecasting an underwater sound field generated by a sound source in air. The numerical simulation result shows that the acoustic propagation prediction result of the underwater sound field calculation model of the air sound source based on the parabolic equation method is matched with the simple square wave model and the wave beam integration method, and meanwhile, the model can effectively predict the underwater sound field excited by the air sound source under the submarine topography change environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an underwater sound field parabolic equation model excited by a sound source in air.
FIG. 2 is a marine waveguide layering diagram showing marine earth sound parameters and sound source information.
FIG. 3 is a marine environmental parameter map.
Fig. 4 shows a comparison of propagation loss curves, (a) parabolic method, (b) Jian Zhengbo and beam integration method.
Fig. 5 is a pseudo-color map of the propagation loss of sound pressure on the water surface and under water by using a parabolic equation model.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings:
the invention discloses a parabolic square model method for forecasting an underwater sound field generated by a sound source in air. Meanwhile, in actual sound propagation, the upper part of the air is an infinite radiation boundary, and in order to intercept a calculation domain, a complete matching layer or an artificial absorption layer needs to be added. After modification, the depth direction of the parabolic equation model is changed from a three-layer structure of a sea water layer, a sea bottom layer and a sea bottom artificial absorption layer into a five-layer structure of an air complete matching layer, an artificial absorption layer, an air layer, a sea water layer, a sea bottom layer and a sea bottom complete matching layer and an artificial absorption layer. And secondly, calculating an initial sound field generated by air sound source radiation by adopting a parabolic equation model, and taking the initial sound field as input of sound field recursive solution. And finally, applying a sound field recurrence calculation formula to obtain the underwater sound pressure value generated by the sound source in the air.
As fig. 1 is a process diagram of the implementation of the present patent, the environmental waveguide model in the underwater sound propagation model is generalized, an air layer is added above the sea water layer, and in order to enable the infinite radiation boundary condition to be implemented, a complete matching layer or an artificial absorption layer is added above the air layer. Secondly, the initial value of the sound field radiated by the sound source in the air under water and on the water surface is calculated. And finally, calculating to obtain the sound pressure value of the sound source in the air in the underwater radiation sound field by adopting a traditional parabolic equation model recurrence calculation formula.
As shown in fig. 3, a parabolic square model, a simple wave theory and a wave number integration method are respectively adopted to obtain a sound pressure propagation loss curve for the marine waveguide environment. The numerical simulation result shows that the sound field result obtained by adopting the parabolic square model is well matched with the simple wave model and the wave number integral calculation result. Meanwhile, the model can effectively forecast the underwater sound field excited by the sound source in the air under the submarine topography change environment.
The specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:
(1) In order to calculate the underwater sound field radiated by the air sound source, the ocean waveguide model needs to be popularized. The traditional underwater acoustic parabolic equation model regards a marine waveguide as a three-layer structure, namely: sea water-seabed artificial absorption layer. In order to forecast the underwater sound field radiated by the air sound source, the sea surface pressure release boundary of the raw water sound propagation model needs to be modified, the boundary becomes an air-sea water boundary, and the sound pressure continuity condition is met:
meanwhile, in order to meet the infinite radiation boundary condition above the air, a complete matching layer/artificial absorption layer needs to be added to meet the condition that the sound pressure at the cut-off depth L is 0, namely:
at this time, the marine waveguide mode is changed into a five-layer structure, that is: air fully matched layer/artificial absorber layer-air-sea water-seafloor fully matched layer/artificial absorber layer.
(2) After the marine environment parameters are configured, calculating an initial field of a sound source in the air, and approximating by Pad to obtain a self-initial field solving expression in a split-step format:
where α, β are the Pad approximation coefficients for different operators. The self-initial field of the parabolic equation model can be calculated by using the Galerkin discrete method.
(3) Under a two-dimensional ideal fluid environment, the underwater sound wave propagation meets the Helmholtz equation under a two-dimensional cylindrical coordinate system:
in the mid-to-far acoustic propagation problem, the acoustic propagation wavefront is approximately in the form of a cylindrical wave, whose energy amplitude is approximately proportional to 1/r. To eliminate cylindrical expansion terms, variable substitution is therefore employedAssuming that the sound field solution satisfies far field conditions and energy conservation correction is adopted, an equation for u can be derived:
the above equation is decomposed into a form of a scattered wave and a converging wave by parabolic approximation, and in most cases, the energy occupied by the scattered wave is dominant, and the influence of the converging wave on the acoustic energy is negligible. By adopting the solution method of the ordinary differential equation, a step equation can be obtained:
for easy solution, the exponential root operator is processed by a split-step Pad approximation method, and approximated into a series of rational fractional multiplication forms, namely:
where N is the order of Pad approximation and a, b is the coefficient of Pad approximation. The operator is discretized by adopting a Galerkin method, and can be formed into a matrix equation form to realize the solution of the sound field.
(4) And (3) reversely pushing the recurrence variable to obtain a sound pressure result:
it should be understood that equivalents and modifications to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims appended hereto.
Claims (1)
1. A parabolic equation model method for forecasting an underwater sound field generated by a sound source in air is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of popularizing an environmental waveguide model in a water sound propagation model, adding an air layer above a sea water layer, and adding an air complete matching layer or an artificial absorption layer above the air layer for realizing infinite radiation boundary conditions; firstly, modifying a sea surface pressure release boundary condition in an underwater sound propagation model, and expressing the sea surface pressure release boundary condition as an air-sea water two-layer medium surface, wherein acoustic parameters in the air adopt actual or measured data; meanwhile, an infinite radiation boundary is arranged above air in actual sound propagation, and a complete matching layer or an artificial absorption layer is added for cutting off a calculation domain; after modification, the depth direction of the parabolic equation model is changed from a three-layer structure of a sea water layer, a sea bottom layer and a sea bottom artificial absorption layer into a five-layer structure of an air complete matching layer, an artificial absorption layer, an air layer, a sea water layer, a sea bottom layer and a sea bottom complete matching layer and an artificial absorption layer; secondly, calculating the initial value of the sound field radiated by the sound source in the air under water and on the water surface; finally, a traditional parabolic equation model recursion calculation formula is adopted, and the sound pressure value of the sound source in the air in the underwater radiation sound field is calculated;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) In order to forecast the underwater sound field radiated by the air sound source, the sea surface pressure release boundary of the raw water sound propagation model needs to be modified, the boundary becomes an air-sea water boundary, and the sound pressure continuity condition is met:
meanwhile, in order to meet the infinite radiation boundary condition above the air, a complete matching layer/artificial absorption layer is added to meet the sound pressure p at the cut-off depth L z＝L 0, i.e.:
(2) After the marine environment parameters are configured, calculating an initial field of a sound source in the air, namely:
alpha and beta are Pad approximation coefficients under different operator conditions;
(3) Adopting a parabolic equation model sound field recursion solving formula:
n is the order of Pad approximation, a, b is the coefficient of Pad approximation;
(4) And (3) reversely pushing the recurrence variable to obtain a sound pressure result:
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