CN113010835B - Dangerous rock collapse early warning method and system based on fracture mechanics - Google Patents
Dangerous rock collapse early warning method and system based on fracture mechanics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fracture mechanics-based dangerous rock collapse early warning method and system, wherein the fracture opening degree of dangerous rock and the fracture depth of the dangerous rock are respectively extracted according to a fracture opening degree monitoring image and a fracture depth monitoring image, a fracture mechanics COD criterion is calculated, COD refers to the fracture opening displacement delta between two fracture surfaces on the closed end face of a fracture, and the fracture opening displacement delta and a fracture opening displacement critical value delta are used c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c And if the crack is expanded and the dangerous rock has a fracture risk, sending out dangerous rock collapse early warning information. A dangerous rock collapse early warning system based on fracture mechanics comprises a data acquisition system for acquiring fracture monitoring images in real time, wherein the data acquisition system remotely transmits the fracture monitoring images to a remote monitoring center through a data transmission device; and an image processing program and a collapse early warning program are configured in the remote monitoring center. The invention starts from the essence of formation and development of dangerous rocks, and solves the technical problem of how to improve the accuracy and the real-time performance of the dangerous rock collapse early warning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of early warning of crisis collapse.
Background
Geological disasters such as dangerous rock collapse and the like are frequent in southwest regions due to the limitation of geological conditions. Dangerous rock collapse is one of the most common geological disasters, and due to the characteristics of strong outburst, wide distribution range, strong disaster causing capability, certain concealment and the like, the dangerous rock collapse often causes great harm to traffic facilities, towns, mining areas and the like, and also seriously threatens the life and property safety of people. In the southwest area, dangerous rocks are numerous, how to select an economical, safe and reasonable monitoring device to monitor the dangerous rocks in real time, and early warning is carried out in time, so that the dangerous rocks collapse is scientifically prevented, the safety and smoothness of traffic facilities are further ensured, and the lives and properties of people are not threatened. At present, the dangerous rock collapse early warning device and method comprises a deep learning dangerous rock deformation prediction method and device based on a plurality of time sequences; a dangerous rock collapse monitoring method based on computer vision; a dangerous rock instability mode distinguishing method and device based on a deep learning technology and the like. The methods or the devices basically acquire dangerous rock images, identify the images according to dangerous rock characteristics to form a dangerous rock characteristic identification system, and finally predict deformation, collapse and the like of dangerous rocks. However, these methods all rely on video sequence images, and feature parameters such as displacement of critical rock key points, deformation of critical rock mass, etc. need to be identified by comparing images at the current moment and the previous moment; not only is time-consuming, but also cannot accurately reflect the essence of the collapse of the dangerous rock.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a dangerous rock collapse early warning method and system based on fracture mechanics, and solves the technical problem of how to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of dangerous rock collapse early warning.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a dangerous rock collapse early warning method based on fracture mechanics comprises the following steps:
acquiring fracture monitoring images of dangerous rocks in real time, wherein the fracture monitoring images comprise fracture opening monitoring images and fracture depth monitoring images;
respectively extracting the crack opening of the dangerous rock and the crack depth of the dangerous rock according to the crack opening monitoring image and the crack depth monitoring image; the crack opening degree refers to the width of the crack on the end face of the crack opening; the crack depth refers to the distance from the crack opening end face to the crack closing end face;
calculating fracture mechanics COD criterion, wherein COD refers to the fracture opening displacement delta between two fracture surfaces on the fracture closed end surface, and calculating the fracture opening displacement delta according to the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock according to the following formula:
in the formula, V is the crack opening of the dangerous rock; a is the fracture depth of the dangerous rock; w is the thickness of the dangerous rock mass, r p Is a plastic rotation factor;
the crack opening displacement delta and the crack opening displacement critical value delta are measured c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c And if the crack is expanded and the dangerous rock has a fracture risk, sending out dangerous rock collapse early warning information.
Further, determining the fracture opening displacement critical value delta of the monitored dangerous rock in the following way c ：
Extracting rock sample of the monitored dangerous rock on site, determining the ultimate crack opening displacement of the rock sample as the critical value delta of the crack opening displacement through COD test c ：
In the formula, K is calculated by the test load according to the linear elasticity theory; v p Is the opening displacement of the end of the clip type extensometer; l represents the fracture depth of the rock sample; h represents the thickness of the rock sample; sigma Y Showing the applied stress on the rock sample, v showing the Poisson's ratio of the rock sample, E showing the elastic modulus of the rock sample, r p The plastic rotation factor is indicated and Z represents the thickness of the extensometer used in the test.
The invention also provides a dangerous rock collapse early warning system based on fracture mechanics, which comprises a data acquisition system for acquiring the fracture monitoring image in real time, wherein the data acquisition system remotely transmits the fracture monitoring image to a remote monitoring center through a data transmission device; the data acquisition system comprises a first camera arranged above the opening of the crack and a second camera arranged on the side face of the crack; the first camera is used for collecting crack opening monitoring images, and the second camera is used for collecting crack depth monitoring images;
an image processing program and a collapse early warning program are configured in the remote monitoring center; the image processing program is used for extracting the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock from the fracture opening monitoring image and the fracture depth monitoring image respectively; the crack opening refers to the width of the crack on the end face of the crack opening; the crack depth refers to the distance from the crack opening end face to the crack closing end face;
the collapse early warning program is used for calculating fracture mechanics COD criterion according to the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock, wherein the COD is fracture opening displacement delta between two fracture surfaces on the closed end face of the fracture, and the fracture opening displacement delta and a fracture opening displacement critical value delta are calculated c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c If the cracks are expanded and the dangerous rocks have fracture risks, dangerous rock collapse early warning information is sent; the calculation formula of the fracture opening displacement is as follows:
wherein W is the thickness of the dangerous rock, r p Is a plastic rotation factor.
Further, the data transmission device is a 5G communication device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention starts from the essence of formation and development of dangerous rocks: the expansion of the cracks forms dangerous rocks, each material has a critical value of COD, and when the COD of the cracks reaches the critical value, the cracks are expanded unstably, so that the collapse accident of the dangerous rocks occurs. The COD is the crack opening displacement delta between two crack surfaces on the closed end face of the crack, is a characteristic parameter inside the dangerous rock, and compared with the external characteristic parameters (such as displacement of a critical point of the dangerous rock and deformation of a dangerous rock body) adopted in the prior art, the COD criterion can more accurately reflect the stable state of the dangerous rock.
2. The invention only needs to collect static images in real time as the basis for extracting characteristic parameters, and the prior art needs to rely on dynamic video sequences, the invention has the advantages of small data volume needing to be transmitted and less time consumption for data transmission, and simultaneously COD is directly calculated through a formula without iterative calculation, the calculation amount is small, and the calculation time consumption is shortened, so that the invention can greatly reduce the hysteresis quality between the calculation result and the change of the dangerous rock state, thereby improving the real-time property.
3. The invention extracts the rock sample of the monitored dangerous rock on site, and determines the critical value delta of the crack opening displacement through the test c Can form a corresponding fracture opening displacement critical value delta for a specific object c The monitoring accuracy can be greatly improved.
4. According to the invention, the 5G communication device is used for carrying out 5G communication, so that the data transmission speed can be improved, accurate and rapid transmission of high-precision images can be supported, the accuracy of characteristic parameter (V, a) extraction can be improved by the high-precision images, and the accuracy and real-time performance of dangerous rock collapse early warning can be further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the fracture morphology in this embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of fracture characterization parameters;
fig. 3 is an architecture diagram of a dangerous rock collapse early warning system in the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the COD test in this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
A dangerous rock collapse early warning method based on fracture mechanics comprises the following steps:
and acquiring fracture monitoring images of the dangerous rock in real time, wherein the fracture monitoring images comprise fracture opening monitoring images and fracture depth monitoring images. The fracture shape is shown in figure 1 and is generally V-shaped with an open end to fracture the rock mass and a closed end to hold the rock mass in connection.
Respectively extracting the crack opening of the dangerous rock and the crack depth of the dangerous rock according to the crack opening monitoring image and the crack depth monitoring image; the crack opening refers to the width of the crack on the end face of the crack opening; the crack depth refers to the distance from the crack opening end face to the crack closing end face;
and calculating the fracture mechanics COD criterion, wherein the COD refers to the crack opening displacement delta between two crack surfaces on the crack closed end surface. After image amplification, referring to fig. 2, the crack opening displacement δ between two crack surfaces on the closed end crack closed end surface of the closed end crack is shown, and the broken line part in the graph represents the condition that the crack penetrates through the closed end surface to cause the instability of the dangerous rock; because the crack is expanded deeply in the dangerous rock, the crack opening displacement delta is actually very small in the image and is inconvenient to accurately measure through the image, the crack opening displacement delta is calculated according to the crack opening V of the dangerous rock and the crack depth a of the dangerous rock, and the following formula is adopted:
in the formula, V is the crack opening of the dangerous rock; a is the fracture depth of the dangerous rock; w is the thickness of the dangerous rock mass, and r is a plastic rotation factor; according to ASTM E1290 recommendations, r =0.44.
The crack opening displacement delta and the crack opening displacement critical value delta are measured c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c And if the crack is shown to be expanded and the dangerous rock has a fracture risk, sending out dangerous rock collapse early warning information.
In order to realize the dangerous rock collapse early warning method, the invention provides a dangerous rock collapse early warning system based on fracture mechanics, as shown in fig. 3, the system comprises a data acquisition system for acquiring fracture monitoring images in real time, the data acquisition system remotely transmits the fracture monitoring images to a remote monitoring center through a data transmission device, and the data transmission device is a 5G communication device. The data acquisition system comprises a first camera 1 arranged above the opening of the crack 7 and a second camera (not shown in the figure) arranged on the side 8 of the crack, fixed by a bracket 6. First camera 1 all adopts the Holosens SDC camera with the second camera, has full type interface, and light stores up integrated module, single double wing design photovoltaic board and super blade lithium cell can realize overlength standby under the circumstances such as electroless, nothing fortune dimension in the field, real time monitoring dangerous rock body master control structural plane change condition, first camera is used for gathering crack opening monitoring image, the second camera is used for gathering crack depth monitoring image.
The remote monitoring center receives the crack monitoring image through the remote receiving platform 3, and an image processing program and a collapse early warning program are configured in the remote monitoring center and respectively configured in the image processing computer 4 and the early warning computer 5; the image processing program is used for extracting the crack opening V of the dangerous rock and the crack depth a of the dangerous rock from the crack opening monitoring image and the crack depth monitoring image respectively; the crack opening degree refers to the width of the crack on the end face of the crack opening; the fracture depth refers to the distance from the fracture open end face to the fracture closed end face.
The image processing program establishes a rock mass crack identification model on the basis of a YOLOv4 target identification algorithm, the rock mass crack identification model is used for sequentially carrying out imaging operation and vectorization operation on a crack monitoring image to extract the crack opening V of a rock mass and the crack depth a of the rock mass, and the imaging operation comprises preprocessing, gray level conversion, spatial filtering and segmentation; the vectorization operation includes topology repair and filtering.
The collapse early warning program is used for calculating fracture mechanics COD criterion according to the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock, wherein the COD is fracture opening displacement delta between two fracture surfaces on the closed end surface of the fracture, and the fracture opening displacement delta and a fracture opening displacement critical value delta are calculated c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c If the cracks are expanded and the dangerous rocks have fracture risks, dangerous rock collapse early warning information is sent; the calculation formula of the fracture opening displacement is as follows:
wherein W is the thickness of the dangerous rock, r p When the system is a plastic rotation factor data acquisition system, a relatively complete rock sample near a monitoring point is extracted on site, and the crack limit opening displacement is determined through a COD (chemical oxygen demand) test. The experimental crack opening displacement δ is determined by two parts:
δ c ＝δ e +δ p ；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wherein. The factor 1/2 is derived by reference according to a crack opening displacement formula derived from the plastic zone correction concept of Irwin, and K is calculated from a test load P according to a linear elasticity theory; . Suppose delta p Rotating a plastic hinge for a certain angle. FIG. 4 shows the crack plastic opening displacement δ p Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, r p Is a plastic rotation factor which characterizes the position of the plastic hinge from the crack end r p (H-l)；V p The opening displacement of the end of the clip type extensometer is measured by the extensometer attached with a resistance strain gauge. Recommendation for 3-point bending specimens according to ASTM E1290, r p =0.44. If compact tensile specimens are used, it is recommended:
the ultimate opening displacement of the end part of the crack can be found through a COD test as follows:
in the formula, V p Is the opening displacement of the end of the clip type extensometer; l represents the fracture depth of the rock sample; h represents the thickness of the rock sample; sigma Y Representing the external stress applied to the rock sample, v representing the Poisson's ratio of the rock sample, E representing the elastic modulus of the rock sample, r p Indicates the plastic rotation factor and Z indicates the thickness of the extensometer used in the test.
Through this dangerous rock collapse early warning device, not only can real-time supervision dangerous rock master control structural plane aperture, the length change condition, then judge dangerous rock body steady state according to the fracture mechanics method to realize the real-time risk early warning to dangerous rock body collapse, the application of 5G technique can guarantee that image transmission information volume is big simultaneously, and the precision is high, and the signal is stable, and camera equipment can also observe whether rock intracavity portion has fracture water etc..
Claims (5)
1. A dangerous rock collapse early warning method based on fracture mechanics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring fracture monitoring images of dangerous rocks in real time, wherein the fracture monitoring images comprise fracture opening monitoring images and fracture depth monitoring images;
respectively extracting the crack opening of the dangerous rock and the crack depth of the dangerous rock according to the crack opening monitoring image and the crack depth monitoring image; the crack opening refers to the width of the crack on the end face of the crack opening; the crack depth refers to the distance from the crack opening end face to the crack closing end face;
calculating fracture mechanics COD criterion, wherein COD refers to the fracture opening displacement delta between two fracture surfaces on the fracture closed end surface, and calculating the fracture opening displacement delta according to the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock according to the following formula:
in the formula, V is the crack opening of the dangerous rock; a is the crack depth of the dangerous rock; w is the thickness of the dangerous rock mass, r p Is a plastic rotation factor;
the crack opening displacement delta and the crack opening displacement critical value delta are measured c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c If the cracks are expanded and the dangerous rocks have fracture risks, dangerous rock collapse early warning information is sent;
wherein the fracture opening displacement critical value delta of the monitored dangerous rock is determined in the following way c ：
Extracting rock sample of the monitored dangerous rock on site, determining the ultimate crack opening displacement of the rock sample as the critical value delta of the crack opening displacement through COD test c ：
In the formula, K is calculated from the test load according to the linear elasticity theory; v p Is the opening displacement of the end of the clip type extensometer; l represents the fracture depth of the rock sample; h represents the thickness of the rock sample; sigma Y Representing the external stress applied to the rock sample, v representing the Poisson's ratio of the rock sample, E representing the elastic modulus of the rock sample, r p Represents the plastic rotation factor, and Z represents the thickness of the extensometer used in the test;
when a compact tensile specimen is used, r p Taking values as follows:
where w represents the original ligament length.
2. The fracture mechanics based hazardous rock collapse warning method of claim 1, wherein r is according to the recommendation of ASTM E1290 p ＝0.44。
3. The dangerous rock collapse early warning method based on fracture mechanics according to claim 1, characterized in that a rock mass fracture identification model is established based on a YOLOv4 target identification algorithm, the rock mass fracture identification model is used for successively carrying out imaging operation and vectorization operation on a fracture monitoring image to extract a fracture opening V of a rock mass and a fracture depth a of the rock mass, and the imaging operation comprises preprocessing, gray level transformation, spatial filtering and segmentation; the vectorization operation includes topology repair and filtering.
4. A dangerous rock collapse early warning system based on fracture mechanics is characterized by comprising a data acquisition system for acquiring fracture monitoring images in real time, wherein the data acquisition system remotely transmits the fracture monitoring images to a remote monitoring center through a data transmission device; the data acquisition system comprises a first camera arranged above the crack opening and a second camera arranged on the side face of the crack; the first camera is used for collecting crack opening monitoring images, and the second camera is used for collecting crack depth monitoring images;
an image processing program and a collapse early warning program are configured in the remote monitoring center; the image processing program is used for extracting the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock from the fracture opening monitoring image and the fracture depth monitoring image respectively; the crack opening degree refers to the width of the crack on the end face of the crack opening; the crack depth refers to the distance from the crack opening end face to the crack closing end face;
the collapse early warning program is used for calculating fracture mechanics COD criterion according to the fracture opening V of the dangerous rock and the fracture depth a of the dangerous rock, wherein the COD is fracture opening displacement delta between two fracture surfaces on the closed end face of the fracture, and the fracture opening displacement delta and a fracture opening displacement critical value delta are calculated c Comparing if delta is larger than or equal to delta c If the cracks are expanded and the dangerous rocks have fracture risks, dangerous rock collapse early warning information is sent out; the calculation formula of the fracture opening displacement is as follows:
wherein W is the thickness of the dangerous rock, r p Is a plastic rotation factor;
wherein the fracture opening displacement critical value delta of the monitored dangerous rock is determined in the following way c ：
Extracting rock sample of the monitored dangerous rock on site, determining the ultimate crack opening displacement of the rock sample as the critical value delta of the crack opening displacement through COD test c ：
In the formula, K is calculated from the test load according to the linear elasticity theory; v p Is the opening displacement of the end of the clip type extensometer; l represents the fracture depth of the rock sample; h represents the thickness of the rock sample; sigma Y Representing the material of the rock sampleApplied stress, v represents Poisson's ratio of rock sample, E represents elastic modulus of rock sample, r p Represents the plastic rotation factor, and Z represents the thickness of the extensometer used in the test;
when a compact tensile specimen is used, r p Taking values as follows:
where w represents the original ligament length.
5. The fracture mechanics based dangerous rock collapse early warning system of claim 4, wherein the data transmission device is a 5G communication device.
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| CN113446955B (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-11-01 | 重庆交通大学 | Rock cavity weathering depth monitoring system for dumping type dangerous rock and collapse early warning method |
| CN113686274B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2024-05-10 | 重庆交通大学 | Dangerous rock crack water depth measurement method, dangerous rock collapse early warning method and system |
| CN114485516B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-07-14 | 重庆交通大学 | Dangerous rock collapse real-time early warning method and system considering frost heaving force effect in fracture |
| CN114526067A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-24 | 西南石油大学 | Directional well wall collapse pressure evaluation method under synergistic effect of different strength criteria |
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