CN113009708B - Wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system - Google Patents
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- CN113009708B CN113009708B CN202110259440.9A CN202110259440A CN113009708B CN 113009708 B CN113009708 B CN 113009708B CN 202110259440 A CN202110259440 A CN 202110259440A CN 113009708 B CN113009708 B CN 113009708B
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- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/23—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using wavelength separation, e.g. using anaglyph techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/52—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
- G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system which comprises a projection module, a light splitting module, a diffusion module and an imaging module, wherein the projection module is used for transmitting projection image light to the light splitting module, the light splitting module is used for separating light with different wavelengths in the projection image light transmitted by the projection module in space, the separated projection image light reaches the imaging module after passing through the diffusion module, and the imaging module is used for forming the separated projection image light into images with different spatial depths. The wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system provided by the invention realizes the great increase of the space bandwidth product of the three-dimensional display system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional display, in particular to a wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system.
Background
The true three-dimensional display technology is the leading edge of display technology, is the most vital display technology which will eventually become the next generation display technology of a common platform of display technology, aims to achieve the display effect consistent with the viewing of a real object, and can provide complete psychological and physiological three-dimensional perception information. The three-dimensional display technology provides a unique means for a viewer to understand the spatial relationship of three-dimensional images, so that the advantages which cannot be achieved by a common two-dimensional display terminal are shown in the application fields of military affairs, education, medical treatment and the like. However, the current three-dimensional display technology faces a technical bottleneck that the spatial bandwidth product is difficult to increase. The spatial bandwidth product requirement for three-dimensional displays is two to three orders of magnitude greater than for planar two-dimensional displays. Although researchers have proposed methods for improving the spatial bandwidth product of a three-dimensional display system, such as adopting space division multiplexing, time division multiplexing or pixel multiplexing, the methods have the problems of large system volume, complex structure or large calculation amount.
At home and abroad, the current mainstream three-dimensional display realization methods, such as a holographic technology, an optical field technology and the like, mainly study how to control and change the intensity, the phase or the polarization state information of a light source to improve the visual perception effect of the three-dimensional depth. Although research on related implementations has been continued for many years, the increase in the spatial bandwidth product of display systems is still limited.
The above background disclosure is only provided to assist understanding of the concept and technical solution of the present invention, which does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used to evaluate the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system, which realizes the great increase of the space bandwidth product of the three-dimensional display system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system which comprises a projection module, a light splitting module, a diffusion module and an imaging module, wherein the projection module is used for transmitting projection image light to the light splitting module, the light splitting module is used for separating light with different wavelengths in the projection image light transmitted by the projection module in space, the separated projection image light reaches the imaging module after passing through the diffusion module, and the imaging module is used for forming three-dimensional images with different spatial depths by the separated projection image light.
Preferably, the light splitting module adopts a holographic diffraction device.
Preferably, the light splitting module is made of silver salt material, photorefractive polymer or gelatin dichromate material.
Preferably, the imaging modules respectively employ holographic diffraction devices.
Preferably, the imaging module is made of a silver salt material, a photorefractive polymer, or a dichromated gelatin material.
Preferably, the diffusion module adopts a transmission type or reflection type diffusion film.
Preferably, the projection module comprises a wide spectrum lighting device with a spectral width of 20-80 nm.
Preferably, the projection module, the light splitting module and the diffusion module jointly form a light splitting assembly, the diffusion module and the imaging module jointly form an imaging assembly, and the light splitting assembly and the imaging assembly are coupled with each other.
Preferably, the condition of mutual coupling between the light splitting component and the imaging component is as follows:
wherein f (m, n, λ) represents the intensity corresponding to the wavelength λ at the pixel position (m, n) of the projection image emitted by the projection module, and g (x, y, z (λ)) represents the intensity value of the three-dimensional virtual object point at the position (x, y, z (λ)) in the observed three-dimensional space of the three-dimensional image at different spatial depths formed on the imaging module; wherein the display depth z (λ) is related to the wavelength λ, and s (u, v, λ) is the intensity corresponding to the wavelength λ at the position (u, v) on the diffusion module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the wavelength information of light to improve the space bandwidth product of the three-dimensional display system; the light splitting device is adopted to split the light of the wide-spectrum light source, the multi-depth image without dispersion crosstalk is projected in the space, the display depth of the image is related to the wavelength, and finally the continuous depth distribution of the high-resolution image in the three-dimensional space is realized, so that the space bandwidth product of the whole three-dimensional display system is improved. The invention does not need to utilize a huge system, a complex structure and excessive occupation of computing resources, breaks through the limitation of the existing three-dimensional display technology by means of the wavelength division multiplexing technology, and realizes the great increase of the space bandwidth product of the three-dimensional display system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the light splitting assembly of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the imaging assembly of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element. In addition, the connection may be for either a fixing or a circuit communication.
It is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be in any way limiting of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, a wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a projection module 1, a light splitting module 2, a diffusion module 3, and an imaging module 4, where the projection module 1 is configured to emit projection image light to the light splitting module 2, the light splitting module 2 is configured to spatially separate light with different wavelengths in the projection image light emitted by the projection module 1, the separated projection image light is reflected by the diffusion module 1 and reaches the imaging module 4, and the imaging module 4 is configured to form a three-dimensional image 5 with different spatial depths from the separated projection image light.
The projection module 1 includes an illumination device, which may be a wide-spectrum illumination device with a spectral width of 20-80 nm, such as an LED or a 460 ± 40nm light source. The light splitting module 2 is made of a holographic diffraction device by a holographic interference method, the material can be silver salt material, photorefractive polymer, dichromated gelatin material and the like, and the light splitting module 2 is used for splitting the broadband light source of the projection module 1 and separating light with different wavelengths in space. The diffusion module 3 generally adopts a diffusion film for scattering incident light with different wavelengths; the imaging module 4 is made of a holographic diffraction device by a holographic interference method, the materials can be silver salt materials, photorefractive polymers, dichromate gelatin materials and the like, and the imaging module 4 is used for forming virtual images or real images of images with different wavelengths on the diffusion module 3 at different spatial depths. The three-dimensional image 5 is a multi-depth image formed in space after light splitting and re-imaging, and may be a virtual image or a real image, or a partial-depth virtual image or a partial-depth real image. The human eye 6 receives the light and can watch the three-dimensional image 5 presented in space.
The projection module 1, the light splitting module 2, and the diffusion module 3 in fig. 1 jointly form the light splitting assembly shown in fig. 2, the light splitting module 2 belongs to a diffraction device, the diffraction device belongs to a dispersion device, and the light rays incident at the same angle have different wavelengths and corresponding diffraction angles. The light splitting module 2 receives incident light emitted by the projection module 1, diffraction is generated, images corresponding to different wavelengths are separated in space, and a dispersion image with a plurality of wavelengths is formed. The diffusion module 3 and the imaging module 4 in fig. 1 jointly form the imaging assembly shown in fig. 3, wherein the imaging module 4 is also a diffractive device, and the corresponding focal lengths are different for different wavelengths. The images formed by the light splitting on the diffusion module 3 (diffusion film) are the same in object distance as the imaging module 4 (spectroscopic device), and therefore the images are different in distance from each other. As a result, the images with different wavelengths on the diffusion module 3 (diffusion film) are imaged at different depths in space after passing through the imaging module 4, and a three-dimensional image with a depth stereoscopic effect is formed. In fig. 2 and 3, p is an object point, p' is an image point formed by the corresponding object point p in space, where_+1/v =1/f, u is an object plane distance (i.e., a distance between the diffusion module 3 and the imaging module 4), v is an image plane distance (i.e., a distance between the three-dimensional image 5 and the imaging module 4), and f is a focal length of light.
For a single holographic diffraction device, images with different zoom magnifications are formed on an object plane at different wavelengths, and superposition of the images with different wavelengths can cause image blurring. The invention creatively utilizes the difference of imaging effects of different wavelengths, namely, utilizes the dispersion phenomenon to carry out three-dimensional display, and particularly, through the cooperation between two holographic diffraction devices, the zoom ratios of images with different wavelengths in a display system with a certain display visual angle can be accurately controlled, so that the crosstalk-free image distribution related to the wavelengths is projected in space. The implementation principle is shown in fig. 1 to 3, and the spectral display method is divided into two main parts: the device comprises a light splitting component and an imaging component, wherein the light splitting component mainly comprises a projector 1, a light splitting module 2 and a diffusion module 3, and the imaging component mainly comprises the diffusion module 3 and an imaging module 4. The two components are coupled by a diffusion module 3 (which may be a diffusion screen). The scheme of the invention respectively performs light splitting and imaging through the two holographic diffraction devices, and organically combines the two devices to realize wavelength division multiplexing, eliminate the crosstalk of chromatic dispersion and realize the light splitting display without space crosstalk.
Further, if the wavelength of each image is not interfered with each other in space, the light splitting component and the imaging component need to be coupled correctly, and the coupling condition is satisfied:
where f (m, n, λ) represents the intensity corresponding to the wavelength λ at the pixel position (m, n) of the projection image emitted by the projection module 1, and g (x, y, z (λ)) represents the intensity value of the three-dimensional virtual object point at the position (x, y, z (λ)) in the observed three-dimensional space of the three-dimensional image at different spatial depths formed on the imaging module 4; where the display depth z (λ) is related to the wavelength λ and s (u, v, λ) is the intensity corresponding to the wavelength λ at the position (u, v) on the diffusion module 3.
The wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system utilizes the wavelength information of light to improve the space bandwidth product of the three-dimensional display system; the method adopts a light splitting device to split light of a broad spectrum light source, realizes the projection of a multi-depth image without dispersion crosstalk in space, and for a dispersion system, the focal lengths of optical systems with different wavelengths are different, namely the focal length F = F (lambda), and the depth relation of image display is as follows:_+1/v =1/f, u is the object plane distance, v is the image plane distance, if the object plane distance is fixed, the focal lengths f are different for different wavelengths, so the image plane distance is also different, therefore, the display depth of the image is related to the wavelength, and finally, the continuous depth distribution of the high-resolution image in the three-dimensional space is realized, and further, the spatial bandwidth product of the whole three-dimensional display system is improved; the spatial bandwidth product is actually the number of pixels, for flat panel display, the spatial bandwidth product = X × Y, X × Y respectively represents the number of pixels laterally spaced from the longitudinal distance, and for three-dimensional display system, the spatial bandwidth product = Σ X (d) × Y (d) for accumulation of multiple layers of depth pixels, and different wavelengths form images of corresponding depths in space due to wavelength multiplexing, so the spatial bandwidth product is greatly improved.
In the prior display system, the dispersion is generally regarded as a defect and is a problem to be overcome, but the dispersion is utilized for displaying in the invention, and the light splitting component and the imaging component are utilized, the light splitting component separates the light with different wavelengths in space, and then the imaging component is utilized for carrying out space projection to form a multilayer three-dimensional image with independent wavelength; the invention does not need to utilize a huge system, a complex structure and excessive occupation of computing resources, breaks through the limitation of the existing three-dimensional display technology by means of the wavelength division multiplexing technology, and realizes the great increase of the space bandwidth product of the three-dimensional display system.
It should be noted that, in some other embodiments, the diffusion module 3 may also be a transmissive diffusion screen. In addition, in order to successfully implement the designed light splitting display method, other optical devices, such as lenses, reflectors, and the like, may be added in each module or between modules, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions and obvious modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.
Claims (6)
1. A wavelength division multiplexing three-dimensional display system is characterized by comprising a projection module, a light splitting module, a diffusion module and an imaging module, wherein the projection module is used for emitting projection image light to the light splitting module, the light splitting module is used for separating light with different wavelengths in the projection image light emitted by the projection module in space, the separated projection image light passes through the diffusion module and then reaches the imaging module, the imaging module is used for forming the separated projection image light into three-dimensional images with different spatial depths, and the projection module comprises a wide-spectrum lighting device with the spectral width of 20-80 nm;
the projection module, the light splitting module and the diffusion module jointly form a light splitting assembly, the diffusion module and the imaging module jointly form an imaging assembly, the light splitting assembly and the imaging assembly are mutually coupled, and the mutual coupling condition between the light splitting assembly and the imaging assembly is as follows:
wherein f (m, n, λ) represents the intensity corresponding to the wavelength λ at the pixel position (m, n) of the projection image emitted by the projection module, and g (x, y, z (λ)) represents the intensity value of the three-dimensional virtual object point at the position (x, y, z (λ)) in the observed three-dimensional space of the three-dimensional image formed at the different spatial depths on the imaging module; wherein the display depth z (λ) is related to the wavelength λ, and s (u, v, λ) is the intensity corresponding to the wavelength λ at the position (u, v) on the diffusion module.
2. The WDM three-dimensional display system of claim 1, wherein the beam splitting module employs holographic diffraction devices.
3. The WDM three-dimensional display system of claim 2, wherein the beam splitting module is made of silver salt material, photorefractive polymer or gelatin dichromate material.
4. The WDM three-dimensional display system of claim 1, wherein the imaging module employs holographic diffraction devices.
5. The WDM three-dimensional display system of claim 4, wherein said imager module is made of silver salt material, photorefractive polymer or gelatin dichromate material.
6. The WDM three-dimensional display system of claim 1, wherein the diffusing module is a transmissive or reflective diffusing film.
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