CN113009576A - Reservoir natural frequency in-situ non-contact detection method based on eigenmode filtering - Google Patents
Reservoir natural frequency in-situ non-contact detection method based on eigenmode filtering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method, which comprises a stress wave transmission and energy loss model in an unconventional reservoir, a vibration signal spectrum analysis method based on Hilbert-Huang transform, and a filtering algorithm according to a maximum correlation coefficient and an intrinsic mode theory. The method can realize in-situ measurement of the natural frequency of the reservoir, and achieves the effect of measuring the change of the natural frequency of the reservoir while better ensuring the timeliness and the accuracy of data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soft measurement technology, in particular to a modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method, and belongs to the technical field of formation physical property parameter measurement.
Background
Under the complicated and changeable international environment, China urgently needs to seek a new increasing point of oil and gas yield. Therefore, the enlargement of the research on the exploration and development technology of the unconventional shale oil/gas is a key point for breaking through the current situation of increasing shortage of oil and gas in China. The concept of resonance is introduced into oil field development, and resonance rock breaking and reservoir improvement technologies are generated at the same time. Under the resonance state of a target reservoir, the receptor can reach the yield limit by a small loading force, so that the crack development is promoted, the reservoir permeability is improved, and the influence on the environment is reduced to the maximum extent.
In the application field of resonance technology, how to accurately obtain the natural frequency of the rock and adjust the external excitation frequency according to the change of the natural frequency of the rock is the key of the resonance rock breaking technology. However, for the measurement of the natural frequency of the rock, the sample test is carried out by laboratories at home and abroad at present, and the technical means mostly adopts a hammering method and a frequency sweeping method. The hammering method is mainly used for analyzing the vibration characteristics of core samples, bridges and mechanical structures due to the advantages of economy, intuition, high efficiency and the like, and the natural frequency of the structure is obtained by carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on received vibration signals. The frequency sweep method is that the natural frequency of the test piece is clearly judged according to the scanning frequency spectrum by collecting the change of the vibration energy of the test piece under the condition of different vibration frequencies, and the resonance characteristic can be visually embodied.
The natural frequency of the rock sample is measured in a laboratory, and partial parameters of the indoor measurement sample are changed compared with the field, so that the measured data has larger error than the in-situ measurement. The main influence can be directly embodied by a macroscopic parameter equation of the natural frequency, and the parameter equation is as follows:
from the above equation, it can be concluded that the natural frequency is mainly related to the stiffness and mass of the sample. However, for rock samples, there are many factors that affect their stiffness, such as: mechanical parameters such as density, poisson ratio and Young modulus; structural parameters such as internal pores and fluids in the pores; and underground temperature, pressure and other environmental parameters. Therefore, the natural frequency of unconventional reservoir measured by indoor test has a certain deviation compared with the actual condition, and the resonance characteristic shows that the effect can be reduced by several times by a small error, so that a method for measuring the natural frequency in situ is needed to be innovated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method. A reservoir energy propagation model is constructed according to wave dynamics, rock mechanics and vibration mechanics, reservoir rock mass vibration is caused by pulse excitation, vibration signal analysis is carried out based on Hilbert-Huang transform, and reservoir natural frequency is determined by combining a maximum correlation coefficient method and a modal filtering theory. The method can be coupled with the underground frequency spectrum resonance transformation device, in-situ measurement can be directly carried out, errors caused by parameter changes after sample collection are avoided, and the effect of changing, namely measuring is achieved. And the unconventional natural frequency in-situ non-contact measurement of the reservoir is realized.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method combines theoretical analysis, model construction and machine learning algorithm on the basis of existing transient signal analysis and inherent frequency measurement research, takes time-frequency characteristics, stress wave transmission in unconventional reservoirs, an energy loss model and numerical solution of a rock mass response state model as reference input, utilizes a vibration signal spectrum analysis and feature extraction method under the high-noise background of Hilbert-Huang transform, and finally obtains the inherent frequency of the unconventional reservoirs according to a maximum correlation coefficient method and an eigen-modal theoretical filtering algorithm. The method is realized by the following steps:
(1) external excitation is applied to a target reservoir, and the loading stress wave acts on the target reservoir through the medium water, the metal casing, the cement sheath and the perforation to cause the vibration of the rock mass.
(2) Obtaining a reservoir rock mass vibration energy numerical solution under an ideal state by combining the well completion data with a transmission path and an energy propagation model of stress waves in an unconventional reservoir, and using the reservoir rock mass vibration energy numerical solution as a vibration energy characteristic for frequency spectrum signal filtering characteristic reference;
(3) combining geological data, obtaining a numerical solution according to a rock mass natural frequency parameter equation in an ideal state, and using the numerical solution as a characteristic reference for a noise reduction filtering process:
in the formula, Kni、δmax、σnAnd m is initial normal stiffness, maximum closure, normal stress and mass, respectively.
And inducing reservoir vibration after external excitation, obtaining unconventional reservoir rock mass response frequency in an ideal state based on a reservoir state response model numerical solution, and using the unconventional reservoir rock mass response frequency as an input reference for an eigenmode filtering algorithm.
(4) And performing complete integrated empirical mode decomposition on the vibration signal according to the Hilbert-Huang transformation theory. And obtaining a plurality of sub-signals based on an intrinsic mode method, and obtaining a marginal spectrum of the rock mass response sub-signals according to a Hilbert transform theory.
(5) Based on an eigenmode filtering theory, the kurtosis and related coefficients of each component in a marginal spectrum are used as quantization indexes, the numerical solution of the natural frequency, the rock vibration energy and the response frequency in an ideal state is used as reference input, the time-frequency characteristic is used as a reference characteristic, and the unconventional reservoir natural frequency in-situ non-contact measurement algorithm is obtained.
(6) And (3) denoising and filtering the marginal spectrum of the rock mass response subsignal according to a natural frequency determination algorithm to obtain the natural frequency of the unconventional reservoir.
In addition, the invention also provides a reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection device based on modal filtering, and the related devices are sealed in a pressure-bearing shell, are coupled with the reservoir resonance transformation device through wires and send signals to ground equipment through a common data transmission channel of the resonance device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the natural frequency is determined by combining an unconventional reservoir physical property parameter theoretical model and a vibration signal noise reduction algorithm under a high-noise background at home and abroad for the first time, the target reservoir natural frequency is measured in situ in a non-contact manner under the well, and the problem of sample physical property parameter change existing in a laboratory measurement mode is effectively solved.
(2) The invention can realize real-time monitoring of the natural frequency of the reservoir in the process of resonance transformation, and can measure the change of the natural frequency of the reservoir.
(3) The method can be combined with various devices, and has the advantages of wide applicability, strong reliability, no pollution and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an in-situ non-contact detection method for natural frequency of a reservoir based on eigenmode filtering;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reservoir natural frequency non-contact type measuring device based on eigenmode filtering;
in the figure: the device comprises a high-voltage pulse excitation source (1), a vibration monitoring module (2), a signal processing module (3), a communication module (4), a natural frequency analysis device (5) and a data transmission device (6).
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the conventional embodiments, and the advantages and effects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the embodiments. The embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, so that all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 2, the invention provides a reservoir natural frequency non-contact type measuring device based on modal filtering, which comprises an external excitation generating structure high-voltage pulse excitation source (1), a vibration monitoring module (2) sealed in a shell and used for collecting and processing rock response signals, a signal processing module (3) and a communication module (4), wherein the signal data are transmitted to a natural frequency analysis device (5) through a data transmission device (6) to complete the determination of the natural frequency.
Example 1
(1) Preset excitation is applied to a target through the pulse excitation source 1, and the target is transmitted to a reservoir through medium water, a shaft and a cement sheath to cause reservoir vibration.
(2) Combining geological parameters, well completion data and excitation energy with a transmission path and an energy propagation model of stress waves in an unconventional reservoir to obtain a reservoir rock mass vibration energy numerical solution in an ideal state, and using the reservoir rock mass vibration energy numerical solution as a vibration energy characteristic for frequency spectrum signal filtering characteristic reference;
(3) combining geological data, obtaining a numerical solution according to a rock mass natural frequency parameter equation in an ideal state, and acting the numerical solution as a characteristic in a noise reduction filtering process:
in the formula, Kni、δmax、σnAnd m is initial normal stiffness, maximum closure, normal stress and mass, respectively.
And (3) obtaining the unconventional reservoir rock mass response frequency under an ideal state by numerical solution of the reservoir state response model after external excitation, and using the unconventional reservoir rock mass response frequency as input for a filtering algorithm.
(4) The vibration energy of the rock mass reaches the vibration monitoring module 2 through the cement shaft and water, and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition is carried out on the vibration signal of the rock mass according to the Hilbert-Huang transform theory. Obtaining a plurality of sub-signals based on an intrinsic mode method, and obtaining a marginal spectrum of the rock mass response sub-signals after external excitation according to a Hilbert transform theory.
(5) Based on an eigenmode filtering theory, the kurtosis and related coefficients of each component in a marginal spectrum are used as quantization indexes, the numerical solution of the natural frequency, the rock vibration energy and the response frequency in an ideal state is used as reference input, the time-frequency characteristic is used as a reference characteristic, and the unconventional reservoir natural frequency in-situ non-contact measurement algorithm is obtained.
(6) And (3) according to a natural frequency determination algorithm, carrying out noise reduction filtering on the marginal spectrum of the rock mass response subsignal based on the relevant reference characteristics, and obtaining the natural frequency of the unconventional reservoir.
Example 2
The structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the loading stress wave directly acts on the target reservoir through the medium water and the perforation.
Example 3
The structure of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the vibration energy of the rock body directly reaches the vibration monitoring module 2 through the medium water and the perforation.
The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method based on modal filtering is characterized in that theoretical analysis, model construction and a machine learning algorithm are combined on the basis of existing transient signal analysis and natural frequency measurement research, unconventional reservoir energy transmission under excitation, a rock mass response state, vibration signal analysis under a high-noise background and a modal filtering theory based on a maximum correlation coefficient method are researched, and the unconventional reservoir natural frequency measurement method is obtained by coupling a theoretical model numerical solution, a time-frequency characteristic and a vibration signal characteristic, and the specific measurement flow is as follows:
(1) applying external excitation to a target reservoir to cause reservoir vibration;
(2) solving the transmission path of the stress wave in the unconventional reservoir based on wave dynamics and the energy propagation model value as vibration energy characteristics for reference of frequency spectrum signal filtering characteristics;
(3) rock mass natural frequency omega in ideal state based on rock mechanics and vibration mechanicsn：
In the formula, Kni、δmax、σnAnd m are respectively initial normal stiffness, maximum closure amount, normal stress and mass; according to the numerical solution of the reservoir state response model after the external excitation, the unconventional reservoir rock response frequency under an ideal state can be obtained:
in the formula, zeta damping coefficient, omegaeNatural frequency without damping, B constant; natural frequency omega in ideal statenThe unconventional reservoir rock mass response frequency is used as an input reference for a filtering algorithm;
(4) and performing complete integrated empirical mode decomposition on the vibration signal according to the Hilbert-Huang transformation theory. Obtaining a plurality of sub-signals based on an intrinsic mode method, and obtaining a marginal spectrum of a rock mass response sub-signal according to a Hilbert transform theory;
(5) based on an eigenmode filtering theory, taking kurtosis and related coefficients of each component in a marginal spectrum as quantization indexes, taking numerical solution of a rock mass state response model as reference input, and taking time-frequency characteristics as reference characteristics to obtain natural frequency determination algorithms under different excitation conditions;
(6) and (4) performing noise reduction and filtering on the marginal spectrum of the rock mass response subsignal through a natural frequency determination algorithm to obtain the natural frequency of the unconventional reservoir.
2. The modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method according to claim 1, wherein the modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method comprises the following steps: and (3) the theoretical model in the steps (2) and (3) is a stress wave transmission and energy loss model in an unconventional reservoir stratum.
3. The modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method according to claim 1, wherein the modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method comprises the following steps: and (5) the noise reduction theory under the high-noise background in the steps (4) and (5) is a vibration signal spectrum analysis method based on Hilbert-Huang transform and an eigenmode theory filtering algorithm based on a maximum correlation coefficient method.
4. The modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method according to claim 1, wherein the modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method comprises the following steps: the data acquisition and analysis can be coupled with a frequency spectrum resonance generating device, so that the in-situ measurement of the natural frequency of the reservoir is realized, and the effectiveness and the accuracy of the data are better ensured.
5. The modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method according to claim 1, wherein the modal filtering-based reservoir natural frequency non-contact detection method comprises the following steps: the vibration signal detection has continuity, so the natural frequency measuring method can realize real-time monitoring and realize measurement after change.
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