CN113009562A - KT model-based seismic wave velocity parameter determination method, device and equipment - Google Patents

KT model-based seismic wave velocity parameter determination method, device and equipment Download PDF

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CN113009562A
CN113009562A CN202110313218.2A CN202110313218A CN113009562A CN 113009562 A CN113009562 A CN 113009562A CN 202110313218 A CN202110313218 A CN 202110313218A CN 113009562 A CN113009562 A CN 113009562A
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modulus
pressure
rock sample
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density
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赵建国
闫秀懿
欧阳芳
赵皓
李智
肖增佳
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/307—Analysis for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity

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Abstract

本说明书实施例提供一种基于KT模型的地震波速度参数确定方法、装置及设备。所述方法包括：获取岩石样本在至少两个不同压力下的实测体积模量和实测剪切模量；利用所述实测体积模量和实测剪切模量计算高压模量；基于KT模型下的模量与裂隙密度关系，通过所述高压模量确定对应于所述岩石样本的累积裂隙密度；根据所述累积裂隙密度计算所述至少两个不同压力下的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱；结合岩石样本的孔隙结构参数和所述微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，确定对应于所述岩石样本的地震波速度参数；所述地震波速度参数包括速度频散和衰减。上述方法实现了对于微观孔隙结构主导的地质中的地震波速度频散和衰减的准确计算，有利于实际应用中生产开发的进行。

Figure 202110313218

The embodiments of this specification provide a method, device, and device for determining seismic wave velocity parameters based on the KT model. The method includes: acquiring the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures; using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus to calculate the high pressure modulus; based on the KT model The relationship between the modulus and the fracture density, the cumulative fracture density corresponding to the rock sample is determined by the high pressure modulus; the microfracture porosity distribution spectrum under the at least two different pressures is calculated according to the cumulative fracture density; combined with the rock The pore structure parameters of the sample and the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum determine the seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to the rock sample; the seismic wave velocity parameter includes velocity dispersion and attenuation. The above method realizes the accurate calculation of the seismic wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in the geology dominated by the microscopic pore structure, which is beneficial to the production and development in practical application.

Figure 202110313218

Description

KT model-based seismic wave velocity parameter determination method, device and equipment
Technical Field
The embodiment of the specification relates to the technical field of geological exploration and development, in particular to a seismic wave velocity parameter determination method, device and equipment based on a KT model.
Background
In the field of oil and gas exploration and development, the physical properties of rocks and other seismic response parameters can be determined by obtaining elastic wave parameters of reservoir rocks, wherein the frequency dispersion characteristic and the attenuation characteristic of the velocity lay a key theoretical foundation in the aspects of reservoir detection, fluid identification and the like in a frequency domain, and the method can be used for solving the calibration problem when geophysical data of different frequency bands are jointly applied.
Velocity dispersion generally refers to the phenomenon that the velocity changes although the frequency changes when seismic waves propagate in an actual stratum, and the corresponding characteristic that the amplitude is weakened along with the increase of the distance is usually accompanied, namely the attenuation of the seismic waves. Fluid flow occurring on the pore scale is called jet flow when seismic waves induce velocity dispersion and attenuation over a wide frequency range and spatial scale. The jet flow is generally caused by a local pressure gradient formed by the difference in stiffness of adjacent pores, also referred to as local flow. Specifically, as the seismic wave passes through the rock, the "soft regions" in the rock (e.g., pore throats, microfractures, etc.) close, forcing the internal fluid into the "hard regions" (e.g., large aspect ratio pores), creating jets. The velocity dispersion and attenuation caused by the jet flow have a close relation with the rock pore structure parameters, especially the pore aspect ratio.
In the prior art, when velocity dispersion and attenuation parameters are obtained, generally, the velocity dispersion and attenuation of high-pressure saturated rocks in an ultrasonic frequency band can only be well described, but due to neglecting the influence of a micro-pore structure, the prediction under low effective pressure has a poor result. Generally, for interconnected pore systems, pores with smaller aspect ratios are closed earlier, and internal fluid is squeezed into adjacent pores with larger aspect ratios after closing, so that local fluid flow is generated among various pores, and the existing scheme cannot accurately and completely describe the velocity dispersion and attenuation dominated by the micro-pore structure. Therefore, a method for accurately and completely solving the seismic wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in geology dominated by a micro-pore structure is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of an embodiment of the specification is to provide a method, a device and equipment for determining seismic wave velocity parameters based on a KT model, so as to solve the problem of how to accurately solve the seismic wave velocity dispersion and attenuation.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present specification provides a method for determining a seismic wave velocity parameter based on a KT model, including: acquiring an actually measured bulk modulus and an actually measured shear modulus of a rock sample under at least two different pressures; calculating a high-pressure modulus by using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores comprise pores that are not compressible under confining pressure; determining an accumulated fracture density corresponding to the rock sample through the high-pressure modulus based on a modulus-fracture density relationship under a KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents a sum of fracture densities of open-hole microfractures in the rock sample; calculating microcrack porosity distribution spectra at the at least two different pressures from the cumulative fracture density; determining a seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to a rock sample by combining the pore structure parameter of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum; the seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
The embodiment of the present specification further provides a device for determining seismic wave velocity parameters based on a KT model, including: the modulus acquisition module is used for acquiring the actually measured bulk modulus and the actually measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures; the high-pressure modulus calculation module is used for calculating the high-pressure modulus by utilizing the actually measured bulk modulus and the actually measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores comprise pores that are not compressible under confining pressure; the accumulated fracture density determination module is used for determining accumulated fracture density corresponding to the rock sample through the high-pressure modulus based on the relation between the modulus and the fracture density in a KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents a sum of fracture densities of open-hole microfractures in the rock sample; the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum calculation module is used for calculating the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum under the at least two different pressures according to the accumulated fracture density; the seismic wave velocity parameter determining module is used for determining a seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to the rock sample by combining the pore structure parameter of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum; the seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
The embodiment of the specification further provides a device for determining the seismic wave velocity parameters based on the KT model, which comprises a memory and a processor; the memory to store computer program instructions; the processor to execute the computer program instructions to implement the steps of: acquiring an actually measured bulk modulus and an actually measured shear modulus of a rock sample under at least two different pressures; calculating a high-pressure modulus by using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores comprise pores that are not compressible under confining pressure; determining an accumulated fracture density corresponding to the rock sample through the high-pressure modulus based on a modulus-fracture density relationship under a KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents a sum of fracture densities of open-hole microfractures in the rock sample; calculating microcrack porosity distribution spectra at the at least two different pressures from the cumulative fracture density; determining a seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to a rock sample by combining the pore structure parameter of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum; the seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the specification, firstly, the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under different pressures are obtained, the high-pressure modulus under high pressure is calculated according to the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus, then the cumulative fracture density and the micro fracture porosity distribution spectrum are sequentially obtained, and the calculation of seismic wave velocity parameters including velocity dispersion and attenuation is realized according to the micro fracture porosity distribution spectrum. By the method, in the process of obtaining the seismic wave velocity parameter, the influence of the micro-cracks in the rock on the jet flow of the seismic wave is considered, the calculation of the seismic wave velocity parameter is further realized based on the aspect ratio and the porosity of the micro-pores, the accurate calculation of the seismic wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in geology dominated by the micro-pore structure is realized, and the production and development in practical application are facilitated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the specification, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining seismic wave velocity parameters based on a KT model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a sandstone core sample in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a CT scan slice of a sandstone core in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
fig. 3B is a schematic perspective view of a CT scan of a sandstone core according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dry rock pressure change ultrasonic measurement of longitudinal and transverse wave velocity according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of modulus fit data in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a cumulative fracture density fit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a graph of intersection of microcrack aspect ratio and porosity at different pressures in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 8A is a schematic illustration of the bulk modulus of a "wet skeleton" according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8B is a schematic illustration of the shear modulus of a "wet skeleton" according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of longitudinal wave velocity dispersion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of a transverse wave velocity dispersion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9D is a schematic diagram of attenuation coefficient of transverse waves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a limestone core sample according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a sheet of a limestone core casting according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a CT scan of a limestone core according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a dry rock pressure change ultrasonic measurement of longitudinal and transverse wave velocity in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a graphical representation of modulus fit data in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a cumulative fracture density fit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 16 is a graph of intersection of microcrack aspect ratio and porosity at different pressures in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 17A is a schematic illustration of the bulk modulus of a "wet skeleton" according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 17B is a schematic illustration of the shear modulus of a "wet skeleton" according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 18A is a schematic diagram of longitudinal wave velocity dispersion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 18B is a schematic diagram of a transverse wave velocity dispersion according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 18C is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 18D is a schematic diagram of attenuation coefficient of transverse waves according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a seismic velocity parameter determination apparatus based on a KT model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 20 is a block diagram of a seismic velocity parameter determination device based on a KT model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present specification without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present specification.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the specification provides a method for determining seismic wave velocity parameters based on a KT model. An execution body of the seismic wave velocity parameter determination method based on the KT model is seismic wave velocity parameter determination equipment based on the KT model. As shown in FIG. 1, the KT model-based seismic wave velocity parameter determination method specifically comprises the following steps.
S110: and acquiring the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures.
The rock sample may be a rock sample collected for a target reservoir or a laboratory prepared rock sample simulating the rock results of the corresponding formation. There may be no limitation on the lithology of the rock sample. In performing the experiment, in order to facilitate the handling of the rock sample, the rock sample may be processed into a specific shape, such as a cylindrical shape, so as to facilitate the subsequent operations.
The bulk modulus is a physical quantity reflecting the relationship between the bulk strain and the average stress of an object, and is used to reflect the macroscopic properties of a material. Shear modulus is the ratio of shear stress to strain and is used to characterize a material's ability to resist shear strain.
The measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus may be the moduli obtained after actual measurements are made on the rock sample. Specifically, the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus corresponding to different pressures may be indirectly obtained through acquiring the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities corresponding to the rock sample under different pressures.
Specifically, the longitudinal wave velocity V can be obtained by first performing variable pressure measurement on the longitudinal wave velocity and the transverse wave velocity of the rock sample to which the variable pressure measurement is appliedP(P) and transverse wave velocity VS(P) thereafter, first using the formula
Figure BDA0002990116950000041
Calculating the measured bulk modulus, where KD_meas(P) is the measured bulk modulus at pressure P, ρ is the density of the rock sample, VP(P) is the longitudinal wave velocity under pressure P, VS(P) is the velocity of the transverse wave under pressure P, and the formula G is reusedD_meas(P)＝ρVS(P)2Calculating the measured shear modulus, wherein GD_meas(P) is the measured shear modulus at pressure P.
In some embodiments, the rock sample may be pre-processed before performing the respective experimental operation on the rock sample to enable the rock sample to better comply with subsequent experimental criteria. Specifically, the pretreatment may include at least one of a wash oil treatment, a salt washing treatment, and a drying treatment. The oil washing treatment is used for washing out oil in the rock sample, the salt washing treatment is used for removing salt in the rock sample, and the drying treatment is used for removing moisture in the rock sample. Through the pretreatment, a dry rock sample can be obtained, so that the subsequent experimental steps can be better executed.
In some embodiments, prior to obtaining the modulus, pore structure parameters corresponding to the rock sample may also be obtained. The pore structure parameter may include at least one of density, porosity, estimated bulk modulus, and estimated shear modulus.
When the estimated bulk modulus and the estimated shear modulus are obtained, XRD full-core analysis can be performed on the rock sample to obtain mineral components of the rock sample. Accordingly, the individual mineral constituents can be obtained during the analysisVolume fraction, bulk modulus, and shear modulus. Then, the formula can be utilized
Figure BDA0002990116950000051
Calculating the estimated bulk modulus, where KmFor estimating the bulk modulus, N is the amount of mineral constituent, fiIs the volume fraction of the ith mineral component, KiIs the bulk modulus of the ith mineral component, and using the formula
Figure BDA0002990116950000052
Calculation of the estimated shear modulus, wherein GmTo estimate the shear modulus, GiIs the shear modulus of the ith mineral component.
The estimated bulk modulus and the estimated shear modulus are results obtained after the bulk modulus and the shear modulus are estimated under the condition of combining mineral composition of a rock sample, and the calculation of the wet skeleton modulus can be realized in the subsequent steps by combining a microcrack porosity distribution spectrum.
S120: calculating a high-pressure modulus by using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores include pores that are not compressible under confining pressure.
The measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus may be used to calculate the high pressure modulus. The high pressure modulus may be equivalent to the modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores, i.e. the modulus corresponding to a rock sample at extreme pressures, wherein hard pores may refer to pores that have been incompressible by confining pressure with increasing pressure. The high pressure modulus may include a high pressure bulk modulus and a high pressure shear modulus.
Since the measured bulk modulus and shear modulus corresponding to the rock sample have been acquired in step S110, the high-pressure modulus can be derived based on a relation constructed under different pressure variations of modulus.
In some embodiments, the bulk modulus relationship and the shear modulus relationship may be constructed separately; the volume modulus relational expression comprises a relational expression constructed on the basis of theoretical volume modulus, pressure coefficient, high-pressure volume modulus and zero-pressure volume modulus; the shear modulus relational expression comprises a relational expression constructed on the basis of theoretical shear modulus, pressure coefficient, high-pressure shear modulus and zero-pressure shear modulus. And then combining the volume modulus relational expression and the shear modulus relational expression, and fitting by utilizing the actually measured volume modulus and the actually measured shear modulus to obtain the high-pressure modulus.
Specifically, the bulk modulus relationship may be constructed in general
Figure BDA0002990116950000061
In the formula, KD(P) is the theoretical bulk modulus of the rock sample under pressure P,
Figure BDA0002990116950000062
the bulk modulus at zero pressure is given,
Figure BDA0002990116950000063
in order to have a high bulk modulus at high pressure,
Figure BDA0002990116950000064
is the pressure coefficient. The shear modulus relationship constructed may be
Figure BDA0002990116950000065
In the formula, GD(P) is the theoretical shear modulus of the rock sample at pressure P,
Figure BDA0002990116950000066
is a shear modulus at zero pressure and a shear modulus,
Figure BDA0002990116950000067
high pressure shear modulus.
And under the condition that the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus are obtained, combining the theoretical bulk modulus and the theoretical shear modulus in the relational expression, the formula OF can be constructed1＝∑[(KD_meas(P)-KD(P))2+(GD_meas(P)-GD(P))2]OF in the formula1Is a first objective function, KD_meas(P) is the measured bulk modulus under pressure P, GD_meas(P) is the measured shear modulus at pressure P. And performing nonlinear least square fitting on the above formula to minimize the first objective function, namely to make the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus closest to each other, so as to obtain a theoretical bulk modulus and a theoretical shear modulus corresponding to the specific pressure. Then, the corresponding high-pressure bulk modulus and high-pressure shear modulus can be obtained according to the relational expression.
S130: determining an accumulated fracture density corresponding to the rock sample through the high-pressure modulus based on a modulus-fracture density relationship under a KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents a sum of fracture densities of open-hole microfractures in the rock sample.
The relation between the modulus and the fracture density in the KT model comprises the relation between the bulk modulus and the fracture density and the relation between the shear modulus and the fracture density. In particular, the bulk modulus versus fracture density relationship can include
Figure BDA0002990116950000068
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002990116950000069
equivalent medium bulk modulus, K, estimated for KT modelbEquivalent modulus of elasticity, G, to the high-pressure bulk modulusbEquivalent modulus of elasticity, upsilon, which is the high-pressure shear modulusb＝(3Kb-2Gb)/(6Kb+2Gb) Gamma-ray is fracture density; the shear modulus to fracture density relationship comprises
Figure BDA00029901169500000610
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA00029901169500000611
the equivalent medium shear modulus estimated for the KT model,
Figure BDA00029901169500000612
since the KT model already defines the relation between modulus and flaw density. In the case that the actually measured bulk modulus and the actually measured shear modulus have been obtained in step S110, the corresponding fracture density may be obtained by a fitting manner based on the equivalent medium bulk modulus and the equivalent medium shear modulus estimated based on the KT model in the above relational expression. For example, a relational expression can be constructed
Figure BDA00029901169500000613
OF in the formula2In order to be the second objective function,
Figure BDA00029901169500000614
corresponding to a pressure interval P estimated for the KT modeliEquivalent medium bulk modulus of (2), KD_meas(Pi) To correspond to the pressure interval PiThe measured bulk modulus of the polymer (a),
Figure BDA0002990116950000071
corresponding to a pressure interval P estimated for the KT modeliEquivalent medium shear modulus of (1), GD_meas(Pi) To correspond to the pressure interval PiMeasured shear modulus of.
Under the condition that the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus can change along with the change of the pressure, the fracture density under different pressures can be respectively determined, and then the accumulated fracture density is obtained through accumulation. In practical implementation, after the highest pressure corresponding to the high-pressure modulus is determined, at least two pressure intervals are determined based on the highest pressure and the zero pressure, and the density of the microcracks in each pressure interval is obtained respectively. Preferably, for ease of calculation, the pressure interval may be set based on the pressure to which the measured shear modulus and the measured bulk modulus are measured.
In particular, p at the highest voltageNIn the case of (3), p may be first introducedN→pN-1This pressure interval will correspond to the pressure pNAnd pN-1Elasticity of lower partModulus as elastic parameter of rock background matrix and rock equivalent medium, namely high-pressure modulus
Figure BDA0002990116950000072
Substitute for [ Kb，Gb]By means of pressure pN-1Measured shear modulus and measured bulk modulus [ K ] measuredD_meas(P)，GD_meas(P)]Based on the relation, the volume modulus and the shear modulus of the equivalent medium in the pressure interval are obtained through fitting by controlling the second objective function to be the minimum value
Figure BDA0002990116950000073
And then obtaining a pressure interval p based on the relation between the modulus and the fracture density under the KT modelN→pN-1Lower microcrack density gamma (P)N)。
Thereafter, other pressure intervals are possible, e.g. pi→pi-1Taking the density of the microcracks calculated in the previous step and the hard matrix pores as background media, and taking the pressure piTheoretical bulk modulus and theoretical shear modulus [ K ] ofD(P)，GD(P)]Substitution of [ Kb，Gb]In combination with a pressure pi-1Measured bulk modulus and measured shear modulus [ K ] atD_meas(P)，GD_meas(P)]Based on the relation, the volume modulus and the shear modulus of the equivalent medium in the pressure interval are obtained through fitting by controlling the second objective function to be the minimum value
Figure BDA0002990116950000074
Finally obtaining a pressure interval pi→pi-1Lower microcrack density gamma (P)i)。
Sequentially solving the micro-crack density corresponding to each pressure interval through the steps, and finally utilizing a formula
Figure BDA0002990116950000075
The cumulative fracture density is calculated, where,
Figure BDA0002990116950000076
is a pressure PkThe sum of the fracture densities of all the lower open-hole microcracks, i.e. the cumulative fracture density, N is the total number of pressure intervals, Γ (P)i) Is a pressure interval pi→pi-1Lower microcrack density.
S140: and calculating the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum under the at least two different pressures according to the accumulated fracture density.
After the cumulative fracture density is obtained, a microcrack porosity profile at the different pressures can be calculated from the cumulative fracture density. The microfracture porosity distribution spectrum is used to represent porosity data of microfractures in the rock sample. Because the velocity dispersion and attenuation based on the jet flow have strong correlation with the microfracture and the porosity corresponding to the microfracture, after the microfracture porosity of the rock sample is obtained, the velocity dispersion and attenuation properties can be effectively obtained in the subsequent steps.
Before the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum is obtained, the microcrack aspect ratio distribution spectrum under different pressures can be obtained, and then the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum is determined according to the microcrack aspect ratio distribution spectrum.
When obtaining the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum, fracture density curves corresponding to the at least two different pressures may be obtained by first combining the fracture density fit. The fracture density curve can be a curve corresponding to a theoretical value of fracture density changing along with pressure. Specifically, the fracture density curve can be formulated
Figure BDA0002990116950000081
Is expressed, where ε (p) is the fracture density corresponding to pressure p, which is a theoretical formula fit0In order to obtain the initial fracture density,
Figure BDA0002990116950000082
is the undetermined coefficient.
Since the values corresponding to the respective ones have been calculated in the above-described step S130Fracture density in pressure interval
Figure BDA0002990116950000083
Thus, a formula can be constructed
Figure BDA0002990116950000084
OF in the formula3Is a third objective function, ε (P)i) Corresponding to a pressure interval P fitted to a theoretical formulaiThe crack density of (a) is high,
Figure BDA0002990116950000085
corresponding to the pressure interval P obtained for calculationiThe fracture density of (a). By fitting the formula to minimize the third objective function, from the fitted epsilon (P)i) And determining undetermined coefficients in the previous relational expression so as to determine the fracture density curve.
Then, an initial pore aspect ratio corresponding to each microcrack can be calculated according to the fracture density curve; the initial pore aspect ratio comprises the microcrack aspect ratio at zero pressure at which a particular pressure point closes. In particular, a formula may be utilized
Figure BDA0002990116950000086
Calculating the initial pore aspect ratio, wherein0(Pi) Is a pressure PiInitial pore aspect ratio of lower microcracks, KD(P) is the theoretical bulk modulus at pressure P,
Figure BDA0002990116950000087
high pressure bulk modulus. Through the calculation process, the vector alpha of the initial aspect ratio of all the microcracks under zero pressure can be obtained0(P)＝[α0(P1)，α0(P2)，…，α0(PN)]。
Correspondingly, the microcracked porosity distribution spectrum is obtained by integrating the initial pore aspect ratios, specifically, the formula α (P) ═ α can be used0(P)-αp(P) calculating a microcracked porosity profile, wherein α(P) is the microcracked porosity distribution spectrum, αp(P)＝[αp，αp，…，αp]1*N. Through the calculation process, the micro-fracture aspect ratio distribution spectrum under any pressure P is obtained.
After the micro fracture aspect ratio is obtained, calculating by utilizing the micro fracture pore aspect ratio distribution spectrum to obtain the micro fracture porosity distribution spectrum, and specifically determining the nth group of micro fracture porosity at the confining pressure of 0
Figure BDA0002990116950000088
Is calculated by the formula
Figure BDA0002990116950000089
Calculating the microcrack porosity at 0 confining pressure, wherein,
Figure BDA00029901169500000810
porosity of the nth set of microcracks at 0 confining pressure. Then, the formula can be utilized
Figure BDA00029901169500000811
Calculating the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum with an aspect ratio of alpha under an effective pressure P, wherein phi isnAnd (alpha, P) is the n < th > set of microcracked porosities with aspect ratio alpha under effective pressure P. Thereby completing the calculation of the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum.
S150: determining a seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to a rock sample by combining the pore structure parameter of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum; the seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
After the micro-fracture porosity distribution spectrum is obtained, seismic wave velocity parameters, mainly velocity dispersion and attenuation, can be determined by combining the pore structure parameters of the rock sample. For the description and calculation method of the pore structure parameter, reference may be made to the description in step S110, and details are not repeated here.
In some embodiments, the wet skeleton modulus may be obtained based on the extended Gurevich jet model, and then the velocity dispersion and attenuation may be calculated based on Biot pore elasticity theory in combination with pore structure parameters.
Since the velocity dispersion and the magnitude of the attenuation caused by the jet flow are closely related to the rock pore structure parameters, especially the pore aspect ratio, significant attenuation is caused only by cracks or microcracks with a small aspect ratio, while pores with a large aspect ratio (such as isodiametric pores) contribute little to the attenuation. In terms of simulation of the microfracture jet effect, a common approach is to assume that the rock pore space consists of two parts: hard pores dominated by volume content and microcracks or soft pores that are very sensitive to pressure changes. Based on this assumption, a "wet skeleton" model is proposed, i.e. a rock with soft pores saturated with fluid and hard pores empty, to quantify the elastic response of the jet under very high frequency conditions.
The wet skeleton modulus is the modulus corresponding to the "wet skeleton" model, and specifically, the wet skeleton modulus may further include a wet skeleton bulk modulus and a wet skeleton shear modulus. The extended Gurevich jet flow model contains a calculation formula corresponding to the wet skeleton bulk modulus
Figure BDA0002990116950000091
In the formula, Kwf(P, ω) is the wet skeleton bulk modulus,
Figure BDA0002990116950000092
is the high-pressure bulk modulus, N is the number of pressure intervals, phin(P) is a microcracked porosity profile corresponding to pressure P,
Figure BDA0002990116950000093
wherein, KD(P) is the theoretical bulk modulus, α, corresponding to the pressure Pn(P) is the microcrack aspect ratio profile corresponding to pressure P,
Figure BDA0002990116950000094
to correspond to the cumulative fracture density of the pressure P,
Figure BDA0002990116950000095
J1(xi) is a first order Bessel function,
Figure BDA0002990116950000096
where, ω is the phase, a is the microcrack pore aspect ratio distribution spectrum, ρf1Is fluid density, η is pore fluid viscosity, J0(xi) is a zero order Bessel function, KfIs the bulk modulus of fluid, KmIs the mineral bulk modulus; also includes a formula corresponding to the shear modulus of the wet skeleton
Figure BDA0002990116950000097
In the formula, Gwf(P, ω) is the wet skeleton shear modulus, GD(P) is the theoretical shear modulus corresponding to the pressure P. Through the formula and by combining various parameters obtained by calculation, the calculation of the wet framework volume modulus and the wet framework shear modulus can be realized.
After the wet skeleton modulus is obtained, calculations for velocity dispersion and attenuation can be done based on Biot pore elasticity theory. Specifically, the formula V ═ 1/Re (1/V) can be usedc) Calculating velocity dispersion, where V is phase velocity and VcFor complex velocities calculated by the Biot model, including shear complex velocities
Figure BDA0002990116950000098
And longitudinal wave complex velocity
Figure BDA0002990116950000099
Complex velocity of transverse wave
Figure BDA0002990116950000101
Where Δ ═ P ρ22+Rρ11-2Qρ12，
Figure BDA0002990116950000102
M＝[(τ-φ)/Km+φ/Kf]-1，τ＝1-Kwf/Km，KwfIs the wet skeleton bulk modulus, phi is the porosity, GwfIs the wet skeleton shear modulus, ρ22＝aφρfWhere a is the tortuosity and the pores are randomly distributed, a may be 3, ρfFor pore fluid density, R-M φ2，ρ11＝(1-φ)ρm-ρ12，ρmThe modulus of the rock matrix, i.e. the modulus, rho, taking into account only the mineral content, without taking into account the porosity and spatial structure12＝(1-a)φρf，Q＝M(τ-φ)φ，τ＝1-Kwf/KmVelocity of complex longitudinal wave
Figure BDA0002990116950000103
Where ρ is ρD+φρf，ρDDensity of the dry rock sample. After the phase velocity is obtained through calculation, the velocity dispersion can be obtained according to the change condition of the phase velocity. The formula Q can also be utilized-1＝Im(Vc2)/Re(Vc2) Calculating the reciprocal of the quality factor, wherein Q-1Is the reciprocal of the quality factor. The inverse quality factor is used to reflect the speed attenuation situation. The porosity and density obtained by the above formula can be obtained by referring to the description in step S110, and will not be described herein again.
The above method is explained below using a specific scenario example. In this scenario example, a piece of fine grained feldspathic rock debris sandstone was utilized as the rock sample, the appearance of which is shown in fig. 2. The internal pore structure distribution of the rock sample can be obtained by performing CT scanning on the rock sample, the slice result of the CT scanning is shown in figure 3A, and the stereogram result of the CT scanning is shown in figure 3B. The CT scanning result shows that the sandstone rock sample has very uniform pore structure distribution, is basically a round hole and almost has no crack development. And then, drying the sandstone rock sample, acquiring the porosity of the sandstone rock sample by using a pore-permeability tester, and acquiring the density of the sandstone rock sample by using an electronic balance.
Specific physical properties are shown in table 1 below.
Porosity (%) Density (g/cc)
21.536 2.019615693
TABLE 1
Accordingly, other pore structure parameters can be obtained by XRD mineral analysis of the rock sample. Specific analysis results can be shown in table 2 below.
Figure BDA0002990116950000104
TABLE 2
Based on the pore structure parameters obtained from the above XRD analysis, the equivalent elastic modulus can be calculated by VRH (Voigt-reus-Hill) boundary averaging theory, in combination with the reference amounts for mineral modulus listed in the petrophysical handbook. The parameters relating specifically to the modulus of the rock matrix are shown in table 3 below.
Figure BDA0002990116950000111
TABLE 3
In the process of obtaining the actually measured bulk modulus and the actually measured shear modulus, the utilized longitudinal and transverse wave speeds can be completed under a dry condition by utilizing a high-temperature high-pressure ultrasonic measurement system. Specifically, the data corresponding to the velocity of the longitudinal and transverse waves may be as shown in FIG. 4. And fitting by using the volume modulus and the shear modulus calculated according to the actually measured longitudinal and transverse wave velocity verse to obtain modulus fitting data shown in figure 5. Accordingly, the high-pressure modulus obtained under extremely high pressure obtained from fitting the data can be shown in table 4 below.
Figure BDA0002990116950000112
TABLE 4
Substituting the high-pressure modulus and the elastic modulus obtained by fitting under each pressure into a formula corresponding to the single-hole KT model, and inverting the accumulated fracture density under each pressure according to the objective function to obtain the data of the accumulated fracture density obtained by inversion corresponding to the origin in the figure 6.
Fitting the cumulative fracture density epsilon under zero pressure according to the cumulative fracture density data obtained by inversion0And pressure parameter
Figure BDA0002990116950000113
The specific fitting function is shown in table 5 below, and the fitting results are shown in the fitted curve in fig. 6.
Figure BDA0002990116950000114
TABLE 5
The obtained accumulated fracture density can be used for obtaining the aspect ratio distribution of different microcracks under various pressures, and further obtaining the porosity distribution condition corresponding to the microcracks with various aspect ratios under different confining pressures. As shown in fig. 7, a graph of the microcrack aspect ratio versus the corresponding porosity at different pressures is shown.
After the aspect ratio and porosity of each type of soft pore were obtained, the "wet skeleton" modulus in the extended Gurevich-based jet model was calculated from the obtained parameters. As shown in fig. 8A and 8B, a wet skeleton bulk modulus and a wet skeleton shear modulus are respectively illustrated.
And after the wet skeleton modulus is obtained, calculating to obtain the velocity dispersion and the attenuation based on a formula corresponding to a Biot pore elasticity theory. As shown in fig. 9A and 9B, the calculated longitudinal wave velocity dispersion and transverse wave velocity dispersion; fig. 9C and 9D show the calculated longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient and the calculated transverse wave attenuation coefficient.
This is illustrated below using another scenario example. In this scenario example, tight carbonate rock was used as the rock sample, the appearance of which is shown in fig. 10. The internal pore structure is obtained by CT scanning, and the core cast body slice shown in figure 11 and the CT scanning segmentation perspective corresponding to figure 12 are obtained. According to the scanning result, the internal pore structure distribution is uneven, and the crack growth is obvious. Similarly, the porosity parameter is obtained from a porosimeter, the density is measured by an electronic balance, and the measurement is carried out under dry conditions. The measured physical property parameters are shown in Table 6 below.
Porosity (%) Density (g/cc)
1.705083 2.66311
TABLE 6
Other pore structure parameters can be obtained by XRD mineral analysis of the rock sample. Specific analysis results can be shown in table 7 below.
Figure BDA0002990116950000121
TABLE 7
Based on the pore structure parameters obtained from the above XRD analysis, the equivalent elastic modulus can be calculated by VRH (Voigt-reus-Hill) boundary averaging theory, in combination with the reference amounts for mineral modulus listed in the petrophysical handbook. Parameters relating specifically to the modulus of the rock matrix are shown in table 8 below.
Figure BDA0002990116950000122
TABLE 8
In the process of obtaining the actually measured bulk modulus and the actually measured shear modulus, the utilized longitudinal and transverse wave speeds can be completed under a dry condition by utilizing a high-temperature high-pressure ultrasonic measurement system. Specifically, the data corresponding to the velocity of the longitudinal and transverse waves may be as shown in fig. 13. The bulk modulus and shear modulus calculated from the measured longitudinal and lateral wave velocity verses are used for fitting to obtain modulus fitting data as shown in fig. 14. Accordingly, the high-pressure modulus obtained under the extremely high-pressure condition obtained from the fitting data can be shown in table 9 below.
Figure BDA0002990116950000123
TABLE 9
Substituting the high-pressure modulus and the elastic modulus obtained by fitting under each pressure into a formula corresponding to the single-hole KT model, and inverting the accumulated fracture density under each pressure according to the objective function to obtain the data of the accumulated fracture density obtained by inversion corresponding to the origin in the figure 15.
Fitting the cumulative fracture density epsilon under zero pressure according to the cumulative fracture density data obtained by inversion0And pressure parameter
Figure BDA0002990116950000125
The specific fitting function is shown in table 10 below, and the fitting results are shown in the fitted curve in fig. 15.
Figure BDA0002990116950000124
Watch 10
The obtained accumulated fracture density can be used for obtaining the aspect ratio distribution of different microcracks under various pressures, and further obtaining the porosity distribution condition corresponding to the microcracks with various aspect ratios under different confining pressures. As shown in fig. 16, a graph of the microcrack aspect ratio versus the corresponding porosity at different pressures is shown.
After the aspect ratio and porosity of each type of soft pore were obtained, the "wet skeleton" modulus in the extended Gurevich-based jet model was calculated from the obtained parameters. As shown in fig. 17A and 17B, a wet skeleton bulk modulus and a wet skeleton shear modulus are respectively illustrated.
And after the wet skeleton modulus is obtained, calculating to obtain the velocity dispersion and the attenuation based on a formula corresponding to a Biot pore elasticity theory. As shown in fig. 18A and 18B, the calculated longitudinal wave velocity dispersion and transverse wave velocity dispersion are obtained; fig. 18C and 18D show the calculated longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient and the calculated transverse wave attenuation coefficient.
Through the introduction of the above embodiment and the scenario example, it can be seen that the method first obtains the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under different pressures, and after calculating the high-pressure modulus under high pressure according to the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus, sequentially obtains the cumulative fracture density and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum, thereby obtaining the seismic wave velocity parameters including velocity dispersion and attenuation according to the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum. By the method, in the process of obtaining the seismic wave velocity parameter, the influence of the micro-cracks in the rock on the jet flow of the seismic wave is considered, the calculation of the seismic wave velocity parameter is further realized based on the aspect ratio and the porosity of the micro-pores, the accurate calculation of the seismic wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in geology dominated by the micro-pore structure is realized, and the production and development in practical application are facilitated.
Based on the method for determining the seismic wave velocity parameters based on the KT model, the specification further provides an embodiment of a device for determining the seismic wave velocity parameters based on the KT model. As shown in fig. 19, the apparatus for determining seismic wave velocity parameters based on KT model specifically includes the following modules.
A modulus obtaining module 1910 configured to obtain a measured bulk modulus and a measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures.
A high-pressure modulus calculation module 1920 configured to calculate a high-pressure modulus using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores include pores that are not compressible under confining pressure.
A cumulative fracture density determination module 1930 configured to determine a cumulative fracture density corresponding to the rock sample from the high-pressure modulus based on a modulus-to-fracture density relationship in the KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents a sum of fracture densities of open-hole microfractures in the rock sample.
And a microfracture porosity distribution spectrum calculation module 1940, configured to calculate microfracture porosity distribution spectra at the at least two different pressures according to the cumulative fracture density.
A seismic velocity parameter determination module 1950, configured to determine a seismic velocity parameter corresponding to a rock sample in combination with a pore structure parameter of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum; the seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
Based on the method for determining the seismic wave velocity parameters based on the KT model, the embodiment of the specification further provides a device for determining the seismic wave velocity parameters based on the KT model. As shown in fig. 20, the KT model-based seismic wave velocity parameter determination apparatus includes a memory and a processor.
In this embodiment, the memory may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the memory may be a read-only memory, a mechanical hard disk, a solid state disk, a U disk, or the like. The memory may be used to store computer program instructions.
In this embodiment, the processor may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium that stores computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, an embedded microcontroller, and so forth. The processor may execute the computer program instructions to perform the steps of: acquiring an actually measured bulk modulus and an actually measured shear modulus of a rock sample under at least two different pressures; calculating a high-pressure modulus by using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample consisting of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores comprise pores that are not compressible under confining pressure; determining an accumulated fracture density corresponding to the rock sample through the high-pressure modulus based on a modulus-fracture density relationship under a KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents a sum of fracture densities of open-hole microfractures in the rock sample; calculating microcrack porosity distribution spectra at the at least two different pressures from the cumulative fracture density; determining a seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to a rock sample by combining the pore structure parameter of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum; the seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
The systems, devices, modules or units illustrated in the above embodiments may be implemented by a computer chip or an entity, or by a product with certain functions. One typical implementation device is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present specification can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present specification may be essentially or partially implemented in the form of software products, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and include instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present specification.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The description is operational with numerous general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. For example: personal computers, server computers, hand-held or portable devices, tablet-type devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
This description may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The specification may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
While the specification has been described with examples, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the specification that do not depart from the spirit of the specification, and it is intended that the appended claims include such variations and modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the specification.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于KT模型的地震波速度参数确定方法，其特征在于，包括：1. a seismic wave velocity parameter determination method based on KT model, is characterized in that, comprises: 获取岩石样本在至少两个不同压力下的实测体积模量和实测剪切模量；Obtain the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures; 利用所述实测体积模量和实测剪切模量计算高压模量；所述高压模量用于表示由固体矿物基质和硬孔隙构成的岩石样本的等效模量；所述硬孔隙包括围压不可被压缩的孔隙；The high pressure modulus is calculated using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample composed of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores include confining pressure incompressible pores; 基于KT模型下的模量与裂隙密度关系，通过所述高压模量确定对应于所述岩石样本的累积裂隙密度；所述累积裂隙密度表示所述岩石样本中开孔微裂隙的裂隙密度总和；Based on the relationship between the modulus and the fracture density under the KT model, the cumulative fracture density corresponding to the rock sample is determined by the high pressure modulus; the cumulative fracture density represents the sum of the fracture densities of the opening micro-fractures in the rock sample; 根据所述累积裂隙密度计算所述至少两个不同压力下的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱；calculating the micro-crack porosity distribution spectra under the at least two different pressures according to the cumulative crack densities; 结合岩石样本的孔隙结构参数和所述微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，确定对应于所述岩石样本的地震波速度参数；所述地震波速度参数包括速度频散和衰减。Combined with the pore structure parameters of the rock sample and the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum, a seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to the rock sample is determined; the seismic wave velocity parameter includes velocity dispersion and attenuation. 2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获取岩石样本在至少两个不同压力下的实测体积模量和实测剪切模量，包括：2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures comprises: 获取在至少两个不同压力下对应于所述岩石样本的纵波速度和横波速度；obtaining longitudinal wave velocities and shear wave velocities corresponding to the rock sample at at least two different pressures; 利用所述纵波速度和横波速度计算岩石样本随压力变化的实测体积模量和实测剪切模量；其中，包括利用公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000011
计算实测体积模量，式中，KD_meas(P)为在压力P下的实测体积模量，ρ为岩石样本的密度，VP(P)为压力P下的纵波速度，VS(P)为压力P下的横波速度；利用公式GD_meas(P)＝ρVs(P)2计算实测剪切模量，式中，GD_meas(P)为在压力P下的实测剪切模量。Calculate the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample with the pressure change by using the longitudinal wave velocity and the shear wave velocity; which includes using the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000011
Calculate the measured bulk modulus, where K D_meas ( P ) is the measured bulk modulus at pressure P, ρ is the density of the rock sample, VP (P) is the longitudinal wave velocity at pressure P , and VS (P) is the shear wave velocity under pressure P; the measured shear modulus is calculated using the formula G D_meas (P)=ρV s (P) 2 , where G D_meas (P) is the measured shear modulus under pressure P. 3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述高压模量包括高压体积模量和高压剪切模量；所述利用所述实测体积模量和实测剪切模量计算高压模量，包括：3. The method of claim 1, wherein the high-pressure modulus comprises a high-pressure bulk modulus and a high-pressure shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is calculated using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus amount, including: 分别构建体积模量关系式和剪切模量关系式；所述体积模量关系式，包括
Figure FDA0002990116940000012
式中，KD(P)为岩石样本在压力P下的理论体积模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000013
为零压力体积模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000014
为高压体积模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000015
为压力系数；所述剪切模量关系式，包括
Figure FDA0002990116940000016
式中，GD(P)为岩石样本在压力P下的理论剪切模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000017
为零压力剪切模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000018
为高压剪切模量；Construct the relationship of bulk modulus and the relationship of shear modulus respectively; the relationship of bulk modulus, including
Figure FDA0002990116940000012
where K D (P) is the theoretical bulk modulus of the rock sample under pressure P,
Figure FDA0002990116940000013
zero pressure bulk modulus,
Figure FDA0002990116940000014
is the high pressure bulk modulus,
Figure FDA0002990116940000015
is the pressure coefficient; the shear modulus relationship, including
Figure FDA0002990116940000016
where G D (P) is the theoretical shear modulus of the rock sample under pressure P,
Figure FDA0002990116940000017
zero-pressure shear modulus,
Figure FDA0002990116940000018
is the high pressure shear modulus; 结合所述体积模量关系式和剪切模量关系式，利用实测体积模量和实测剪切模量拟合得到高压模量；其中，包括：通过对公式PF1＝∑[(KD_meas(P)-KD(P))2+(GD_meas(P)-GD(P))2]进行非线性最小二乘拟合，求取在第一目标函数最小时的高压体积模量和高压剪切模量，式中，OF1为第一目标函数，KD_meas(P)为在压力P下的实测体积模量，GD_meas(P)为在压力P下的实测剪切模量。Combining the relational formula of bulk modulus and the relational formula of shear modulus, the high-pressure modulus is obtained by fitting the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; including: by pairing the formula PF 1 =∑[(K D_meas ( P)-K D (P)) 2 +(G D_meas (P)-G D (P)) 2 ] to perform nonlinear least squares fitting to obtain the high-pressure bulk modulus and High pressure shear modulus, where OF 1 is the first objective function, K D_meas (P) is the measured bulk modulus under pressure P, and G D_meas (P) is the measured shear modulus under pressure P. 4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于KT模型下的模量与裂隙密度关系，通过所述高压模量确定对应于所述岩石样本的累积裂隙密度，包括：4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, determining the cumulative fracture density corresponding to the rock sample by the high pressure modulus based on the relationship between the modulus and the fracture density under the KT model, comprising: 确定高压模量对应于的最高压；Determine the highest pressure corresponding to the high pressure modulus; 根据所述最高压和零压力确定至少两个压力区间；determining at least two pressure intervals based on the maximum pressure and the zero pressure; 通过对公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000021
进行拟合得到分别对应于不同压力区间的微裂隙密度；式中，OF2为第二目标函数，
Figure FDA0002990116940000022
为KT模型估算得到的对应于压力区间Pi的等效介质体积模量，KD_meas(Pi)为对应于压力区间Pi的实测体积模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000023
为KT模型估算得到的对应于压力区间Pi的等效介质剪切模量，GD_meas(Pi)为对应于压力区间Pi的实测剪切模量；by the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000021
The micro-crack densities corresponding to different pressure intervals are obtained by fitting; in the formula, OF 2 is the second objective function,
Figure FDA0002990116940000022
is the equivalent medium bulk modulus corresponding to the pressure interval P i estimated by the KT model, K D_meas (P i ) is the measured bulk modulus corresponding to the pressure interval P i ,
Figure FDA0002990116940000023
is the equivalent medium shear modulus corresponding to the pressure interval P i estimated by the KT model, and G D_meas (P i ) is the measured shear modulus corresponding to the pressure interval P i ; 累加所述微裂隙密度得到累积裂隙密度。Accumulating the microcrack densities results in a cumulative crack density. 5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过对公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000024
进行拟合得到分别对应于不同压力区间的微裂隙密度，包括：5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said pass to formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000024
Fitting is performed to obtain the microcrack densities corresponding to different pressure intervals, including: 通过对所述公式进行拟合以使所述第二目标函数最小；by fitting the formula to minimize the second objective function; 获取对应于所述第二目标函数的裂隙密度作为对应于所述压力区间的微裂隙密度；obtaining the crack density corresponding to the second objective function as the micro-crack density corresponding to the pressure interval; 所述KT模型下的模量与裂隙密度关系，包括体积模量与裂隙密度关系和剪切模量与裂隙密度关系；The relationship between the modulus and the crack density under the KT model, including the relationship between the bulk modulus and the crack density and the relationship between the shear modulus and the crack density; 所述体积模量与裂隙密度关系包括
Figure FDA0002990116940000025
式中，
Figure FDA0002990116940000026
为KT模型估算得到的等效介质体积模量，Kb为高压体积模量的等价弹性模量，Gb为高压剪切模量的等价弹性模量，vb＝(3Kb-2Gb)/(6Kb+2Gb)，Γ为裂隙密度；The bulk modulus-crack density relationship includes
Figure FDA0002990116940000025
In the formula,
Figure FDA0002990116940000026
is the equivalent medium bulk modulus estimated by the KT model, K b is the equivalent elastic modulus of the high-pressure bulk modulus, G b is the equivalent elastic modulus of the high-pressure shear modulus, v b =(3K b -2G b )/(6K b +2G b ), Γ is the crack density; 所述剪切模量与裂隙密度关系包括
Figure FDA0002990116940000027
式中，
Figure FDA0002990116940000028
为KT模型估算得到的等效介质剪切模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000029
The shear modulus to crack density relationship includes
Figure FDA0002990116940000027
In the formula,
Figure FDA0002990116940000028
The equivalent medium shear modulus estimated for the KT model,
Figure FDA0002990116940000029
 6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述累积裂隙密度计算所述至少两个不同压力下的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，包括：6. The method of claim 1, wherein the calculating the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum under the at least two different pressures according to the cumulative fracture density comprises: 结合所述累积裂隙密度拟合得到对应于所述至少两个不同压力的裂隙密度曲线；其中，包括：结合公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000031
和
Figure FDA0002990116940000032
拟合得到裂隙密度曲线，所述裂隙密度曲线基于初始裂隙密度和待定系数构建，式中，ε(p)为理论公式拟合的对应于压力p的裂隙密度，ε0为初始裂隙密度，
Figure FDA0002990116940000033
为待定系数，OF3为第三目标函数，ε(Pi)为理论公式拟合的对应于压力区间Pi的裂隙密度，
Figure FDA0002990116940000034
为计算得到的对应于压力区间Pi的裂隙密度；Fitting the cumulative fracture density to obtain fracture density curves corresponding to the at least two different pressures; including: combining the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000031
and
Figure FDA0002990116940000032
The fracture density curve is obtained by fitting, and the fracture density curve is constructed based on the initial fracture density and the undetermined coefficient, where ε(p) is the fracture density corresponding to the pressure p fitted by the theoretical formula, ε0 is the initial fracture density,
Figure FDA0002990116940000033
is the undetermined coefficient, OF 3 is the third objective function, ε(P i ) is the crack density corresponding to the pressure interval P i fitted by the theoretical formula,
Figure FDA0002990116940000034
is the calculated fracture density corresponding to the pressure interval Pi ; 根据所述裂隙密度曲线计算对应于各个微裂隙的初始孔隙纵横比；所述初始孔隙纵横比包括在零压力下特定压力点闭合时的微裂隙纵横比；其中，包括：利用公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000035
计算初始孔隙纵横比，式中，α0(Pi)为压力Pi下微裂隙的初始孔隙纵横比，KD(P)为压力P下的理论体积模量，
Figure FDA0002990116940000036
为高压体积模量；Calculate the initial pore aspect ratio corresponding to each micro-crack according to the fracture density curve; the initial pore aspect ratio includes the micro-fracture aspect ratio when a specific pressure point is closed at zero pressure; which includes: using the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000035
Calculate the initial pore aspect ratio, where α 0 (P i ) is the initial pore aspect ratio of microcracks under pressure P i , K D (P) is the theoretical bulk modulus under pressure P,
Figure FDA0002990116940000036
is the high pressure bulk modulus; 综合各个初始孔隙纵横比得到微裂隙孔隙纵横比分布谱；其中，包括：利用公式α(P)＝α0(P)-αp(P)计算微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，式中，α(P)为微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，αp(P)＝[αp，αp，…，αp]1*N；The micro-crack pore aspect ratio distribution spectrum is obtained by synthesizing each initial pore aspect ratio; which includes: calculating the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum by using the formula α(P)=α 0 (P)-α p (P), where α( P) is the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum, α p (P)=[α p , α p , ..., α p ] 1*N ; 利用所述微裂隙孔隙纵横比分布谱计算得到微裂隙孔隙度分布谱；其中，包括：利用公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000037
计算0围压下的微裂隙孔隙度，式中，
Figure FDA0002990116940000038
为0围压时第n组微裂隙的孔隙度；利用公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000039
计算有效压力P下纵横比为α的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，式中，φn(α，P)为有效压力P下纵横比为α的第n组微裂隙孔隙度。Using the micro-crack pore aspect ratio distribution spectrum to calculate and obtain the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum; which includes: using the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000037
Calculate the microcrack porosity under 0 confining pressure, where,
Figure FDA0002990116940000038
is the porosity of the nth group of microcracks when the confining pressure is 0; using the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000039
Calculate the porosity distribution spectrum of micro-cracks with aspect ratio α under effective pressure P, where φ n (α, P) is the porosity of the nth group of micro-cracks with aspect ratio α under effective pressure P. 7.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述结合岩石样本的孔隙结构参数和所述微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，确定对应于所述岩石样本的地震波速度参数，包括：7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, determining the seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to the rock sample by combining the pore structure parameters of the rock sample and the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum, comprising: 基于扩展的Gurevich喷射流模型获取湿骨架模量；所述湿骨架模量包括湿骨架体积模量和湿骨架剪切模量；其中，包括：利用公式
Figure FDA00029901169400000310
计算湿骨架体积模量，式中，Kwf(P，w)为湿骨架体积模量，
Figure FDA00029901169400000311
为高压体积模量，N为压力区间的数量，φn(P)为对应于压力P的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，
Figure FDA00029901169400000312
其Obtaining the wet skeleton modulus based on the extended Gurevich jet flow model; the wet skeleton modulus includes the wet skeleton bulk modulus and the wet skeleton shear modulus; including: using the formula
Figure FDA00029901169400000310
Calculate the wet skeleton bulk modulus, where K wf (P, w) is the wet skeleton bulk modulus,
Figure FDA00029901169400000311
is the high pressure bulk modulus, N is the number of pressure intervals, φ n (P) is the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum corresponding to the pressure P,
Figure FDA00029901169400000312
That 中，KD(P)为对应于压力P的理论体积模量，αn(P)为对应于压力P的微裂隙纵横比分布谱，
Figure FDA0002990116940000041
为对应于压力P的累积裂隙密度，
Figure FDA0002990116940000042
J1(ξ)为一阶贝塞尔函数，
Figure FDA0002990116940000043
其中，ω为相位，a为微裂隙孔隙纵横比分布谱，ρfl为流体密度，η为孔隙流体黏度，J0(ξ)为零阶贝塞尔函数，Kf为流体体积模量，Km为矿物体积模量；利用公式
Figure FDA0002990116940000044
计算湿骨架剪切模量，式中，Gwf(P，w)为湿骨架剪切模量，GD(P)为对应于压力P的理论剪切模量；, K D (P) is the theoretical bulk modulus corresponding to the pressure P, α n (P) is the microcrack aspect ratio distribution spectrum corresponding to the pressure P,
Figure FDA0002990116940000041
is the cumulative fracture density corresponding to the pressure P,
Figure FDA0002990116940000042
J 1 (ξ) is a first-order Bessel function,
Figure FDA0002990116940000043
Among them, ω is the phase, a is the micro-crack pore aspect ratio distribution spectrum, ρ fl is the fluid density, η is the pore fluid viscosity, J 0 (ξ) is a zero-order Bessel function, K f is the fluid bulk modulus, K m is the mineral bulk modulus; using the formula
Figure FDA0002990116940000044
Calculate the wet skeleton shear modulus, where G wf (P, w) is the wet skeleton shear modulus, and G D (P) is the theoretical shear modulus corresponding to the pressure P; 基于Biot孔弹性理论，结合孔隙结构参数和所述湿骨架模量计算速度频散和衰减；其中，包括：利用公式V＝1/Re(1/Vc)计算速度频散，式中，V为相速度，Vc为由Biot模型计算的复速度，包括横波复速度
Figure FDA0002990116940000045
和纵波复速度
Figure FDA0002990116940000046
横波复速度
Figure FDA0002990116940000047
其中，Δ＝Pρ22+Rρ11-2Qρ12，
Figure FDA0002990116940000048
Kwf为湿骨架体积模量，为孔隙度，Gwf为湿骨架剪切模量，ρ22＝aφρf，a为曲折度，ρf为孔隙流体密度，R＝Mφ2，ρ11＝(1-φ)ρm-ρ12，ρm为岩石基质模量，ρ12＝(1-a)φρf，Q＝M(τ-φ)φ，τ＝1-Kwf/Km，纵波复速度
Figure FDA0002990116940000049
其中，ρ＝ρD+φρf，ρD为干燥岩石样本的密度；利用公式Q-1＝Im(Vc2)/Re(Vc2)计算品质因子倒数，式中，Q-1为品质因子倒数。Based on the Biot pore elasticity theory, the velocity dispersion and attenuation are calculated in combination with the pore structure parameters and the wet skeleton modulus; including: calculating the velocity dispersion by using the formula V=1/Re(1/V c ), where V is the phase velocity, V c is the complex velocity calculated by the Biot model, including the shear wave complex velocity
Figure FDA0002990116940000045
and the longitudinal wave complex velocity
Figure FDA0002990116940000046
Shear wave complex velocity
Figure FDA0002990116940000047
Wherein, Δ=Pρ 22 +Rρ 11 -2Qρ 12 ,
Figure FDA0002990116940000048
Kwf is the bulk modulus of the wet skeleton, is the porosity, Gwf is the shear modulus of the wet skeleton, ρ 22 =aφρ f , a is the tortuosity, ρ f is the pore fluid density, R=Mφ 2 , ρ 11 =( 1-φ)ρ m -ρ 12 , ρ m is the modulus of the rock matrix, ρ 12 =(1-a)φρ f , Q=M(τ-φ)φ, τ=1-K wf /K m , longitudinal wave complex velocity
Figure FDA0002990116940000049
Among them, ρ=ρ D +φρ f , ρ D is the density of the dry rock sample; use the formula Q -1 =Im(V c2 )/Re(V c2 ) to calculate the reciprocal quality factor, where Q -1 is the quality factor reciprocal. 8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述孔隙结构参数包括密度、孔隙度、预估体积模量和预估剪切模量中的至少一种；8. The method of claim 1, wherein the pore structure parameters include at least one of density, porosity, estimated bulk modulus, and estimated shear modulus; 所述预估体积模量和预估剪切模量通过以下方式获取：The estimated bulk modulus and estimated shear modulus are obtained in the following ways: 对所述岩石样本进行岩芯XRD分析获取对应于所述岩石样本的矿物组分；performing core XRD analysis on the rock sample to obtain mineral components corresponding to the rock sample; 利用公式
Figure FDA00029901169400000410
计算预估体积模量，式中，Km为预估体积模量，N为矿物组分的数量，fi为第i个矿物组分的体积分数，Ki为第i个矿物组分的体积模量；Use the formula
Figure FDA00029901169400000410
Calculate the estimated bulk modulus, where K m is the estimated bulk modulus, N is the number of mineral components, f i is the volume fraction of the ith mineral component, and K i is the ith mineral component. bulk modulus; 利用公式
Figure FDA00029901169400000411
计算预估剪切模量，式中，Gm为预估剪切模量，Gi为第i个矿物组分的剪切模量；Use the formula
Figure FDA00029901169400000411
Calculate the estimated shear modulus, where G m is the estimated shear modulus, and G i is the shear modulus of the i-th mineral component; 相应的，获取所述孔隙结构参数之前，还包括：Correspondingly, before acquiring the pore structure parameters, the method further includes: 对所述岩石样本进行预处理；所述预处理包括洗油处理、洗盐处理和烘干处理中的至少一种。The rock sample is pretreated; the pretreatment includes at least one of oil washing treatment, salt washing treatment and drying treatment. 9.一种基于KT模型的地震波速度参数确定装置，其特征在于，包括：9. A seismic wave velocity parameter determination device based on KT model, is characterized in that, comprising: 模量获取模块，用于获取岩石样本在至少两个不同压力下的实测体积模量和实测剪切模量；Modulus acquisition module for acquiring the measured bulk modulus and measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures; 高压模量计算模块，用于利用所述实测体积模量和实测剪切模量计算高压模量；所述高压模量用于表示由固体矿物基质和硬孔隙构成的岩石样本的等效模量；所述硬孔隙包括围压不可被压缩的孔隙；A high-pressure modulus calculation module for calculating the high-pressure modulus using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus; the high-pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample composed of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores ; The hard pores include pores that cannot be compressed by confining pressure; 累积裂隙密度确定模块，用于基于KT模型下的模量与裂隙密度关系，通过所述高压模量确定对应于所述岩石样本的累积裂隙密度；所述累积裂隙密度表示所述岩石样本中开孔微裂隙的裂隙密度总和；The cumulative fracture density determination module is used to determine the cumulative fracture density corresponding to the rock sample by the high pressure modulus based on the relationship between the modulus and fracture density under the KT model; the cumulative fracture density represents the cracks in the rock sample. The sum of the crack densities of the pores and microcracks; 微裂隙孔隙度分布谱计算模块，用于根据所述累积裂隙密度计算所述至少两个不同压力下的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱；a micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum calculation module, configured to calculate the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum under the at least two different pressures according to the cumulative fracture density; 地震波速度参数确定模块，用于结合岩石样本的孔隙结构参数和所述微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，确定对应于所述岩石样本的地震波速度参数；所述地震波速度参数包括速度频散和衰减。The seismic wave velocity parameter determination module is used for combining the pore structure parameters of the rock sample and the microcrack porosity distribution spectrum to determine the seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to the rock sample; the seismic wave velocity parameter includes velocity dispersion and attenuation. 10.一种基于KT模型的地震波速度参数确定设备，包括存储器和处理器；10. A seismic wave velocity parameter determination device based on a KT model, comprising a memory and a processor; 所述存储器，用于存储计算机程序指令；the memory for storing computer program instructions; 所述处理器，用于执行所述计算机程序指令以实现以下步骤：获取岩石样本在至少两个不同压力下的实测体积模量和实测剪切模量；利用所述实测体积模量和实测剪切模量计算高压模量；所述高压模量用于表示由固体矿物基质和硬孔隙构成的岩石样本的等效模量；所述硬孔隙包括围压不可被压缩的孔隙；基于KT模型下的模量与裂隙密度关系，通过所述高压模量确定对应于所述岩石样本的累积裂隙密度；所述累积裂隙密度表示所述岩石样本中开孔微裂隙的裂隙密度总和；根据所述累积裂隙密度计算所述至少两个不同压力下的微裂隙孔隙度分布谱；结合岩石样本的孔隙结构参数和所述微裂隙孔隙度分布谱，确定对应于所述岩石样本的地震波速度参数；所述地震波速度参数包括速度频散和衰减。The processor is configured to execute the computer program instructions to achieve the following steps: obtaining the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus of the rock sample under at least two different pressures; using the measured bulk modulus and the measured shear modulus The shear modulus calculates the high pressure modulus; the high pressure modulus is used to represent the equivalent modulus of a rock sample composed of a solid mineral matrix and hard pores; the hard pores include pores that cannot be compressed by confining pressure; based on the KT model The relationship between the modulus of the rock sample and the fracture density, the cumulative fracture density corresponding to the rock sample is determined by the high pressure modulus; the cumulative fracture density represents the sum of the fracture densities of the opening micro-fractures in the rock sample; according to the cumulative fracture density calculating the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum under the at least two different pressures by the fracture density; combining the pore structure parameters of the rock sample and the micro-crack porosity distribution spectrum, determining the seismic wave velocity parameter corresponding to the rock sample; the Seismic wave velocity parameters include velocity dispersion and attenuation.
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