CN113008532A - Method for measuring tension and torque of propeller - Google Patents

Method for measuring tension and torque of propeller Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113008532A
CN113008532A CN201911321484.9A CN201911321484A CN113008532A CN 113008532 A CN113008532 A CN 113008532A CN 201911321484 A CN201911321484 A CN 201911321484A CN 113008532 A CN113008532 A CN 113008532A
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China
Prior art keywords
propeller
torque
tension
measuring
resistance
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Granted
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CN201911321484.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113008532B (en
Inventor
黄列伟
张花
许冬冬
李凯
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Hiwing Aviation General Equipment Co ltd
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Hiwing Aviation General Equipment Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
    • G01L5/0033—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a pulling force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
    • G01L5/0042—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a torque
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing

Abstract

The invention provides a method for measuring the tension and the torque of a propeller, which comprises the following steps: step S1: providing a propeller tension and torque measuring device; step S2: starting the propeller, and measuring the wind speed through a wind speed measuring mechanism positioned in front of the incoming flow of the propeller; step S3: monitoring and acquiring pressure data of the tension measuring structure, the resistance measuring structure and the torque measuring structure, and the rotating speed of the propeller; step S4: and calculating the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller according to the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller and the pressure data. The method for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller can quickly and conveniently test the tension and the torque of the propeller on the ground and a vehicle-mounted test at the same time.

Description

Method for measuring tension and torque of propeller
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aviation power, in particular to a method for measuring the tension and torque of a propeller.
Background
The propeller generates driving force by rotating to expel air around the blades, thereby meeting the power requirements of the aircraft.
At present, with the development of aviation technology, especially unmanned aerial vehicle technology, the number of aircrafts using propellers as power is huge, and it is necessary to test the ground tension of the propellers in the model selection and test stages of an aircraft power system. The existing propeller performance test mostly adopts a wind tunnel test, but the wind tunnel test is high in cost.
How to test the tension and the torque of the propeller on the ground and a vehicle test quickly and conveniently is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the tension and the torque of a propeller, which can quickly and conveniently test the tension and the torque of the propeller on the ground and a vehicle test at the same time.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for measuring the tension and the torque of a propeller, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: providing a propeller tension and torque measurement device, said measurement device comprising:
the propeller is connected with the upper end of the upper upright post in a rotatable manner;
the first measuring mechanism is provided with a tension measuring structure and a resistance measuring structure which are arranged on two opposite sides of the lower upright column along the rotating direction of the lower upright column;
the second measuring mechanism is provided with two torque measuring structures which are arranged on two opposite sides of the upper upright post along the rotating direction of the upper upright post;
the lower upright post is arranged vertically relative to the rotation axis of the base and the rotation axis of the upper upright post relative to the lower upright post;
step S2: starting the propeller, and measuring the wind speed through a wind speed measuring mechanism positioned in front of the incoming flow of the propeller;
step S3: monitoring and acquiring pressure data of the tension measuring structure, the resistance measuring structure and the torque measuring structure, and the rotating speed of the propeller;
step S4: and calculating the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller according to the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller and the pressure data.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes:
step S5: calculating a forward ratio, a tension coefficient, a power coefficient and efficiency of the propeller according to the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller and the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller;
step S6: providing different wind speeds and the rotating speed of the propeller, and repeating the steps S3 to S5 to obtain corresponding curves of the tension, the resistance and the torque of the propeller under different forward ratios.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the tension measuring structure has a tension rod and a tension measuring sensor, the tension measuring sensor is disposed on the base, one end of the tension rod is connected to the lower column, and the other end of the tension rod can be in contact with or separated from the tension measuring sensor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the resistance measuring structure has a resistance bar and a resistance measuring sensor, the resistance measuring sensor is disposed on the base, one end of the resistance bar is connected to the lower column, and the other end thereof can be in contact with or separated from the resistance measuring sensor.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the torque measuring structure includes a torque rod and a torque measuring sensor, the base is connected to a platform, the torque measuring sensor is disposed on the platform, one end of the torque rod is connected to the upper column, and the other end of the torque rod can be in contact with or separated from the torque measuring sensor.
In the embodiment of the invention, the upper end of the upper upright post is connected with a motor, and a rotating shaft of the motor is connected with the propeller; the propeller and the tension measuring structure are connected to the same side of the upper upright post and the lower upright post.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, the coefficient of tension of the propeller is calculated by using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327257870000021
wherein, CTIs the tension coefficient; d is the diameter of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; t is the tension of the propeller; ρ is the air density.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, the power coefficient of the propeller is calculated by using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327257870000031
wherein, CPIs the power coefficient; d is the diameter of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; p is the shaft power of the propeller; ρ is the air density.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the step S5, the forward ratio of the propeller is calculated by using the following equation:
Figure BDA0002327257870000032
wherein λ is a forward ratio of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; d is the diameter of the propeller; v is the flight velocity.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the step S5, the efficiency of the propeller is calculated by using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327257870000033
wherein η is the efficiency of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; t is the tension of the propeller; v is the flight velocity; q is the torque of the propeller; cPIs the power coefficient; cTIs a tensile systemCounting; λ is the forward ratio of the propeller.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a distance L is provided between a rotating shaft of the propeller and a rotating axis of the lower column relative to the base1The length of the pull rod is L3The pressure value monitored by the tension measuring sensor is N1And then the tension T of the propeller is as follows:
T＝N1L1/L3。
in an embodiment of the invention, the torque rod has a length L5The pressure values monitored by the two torque measuring sensors are respectively N3And N4The torque Q of the propeller is then:
Q＝N3L5or Q ═ N4L5。
The method for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller has the characteristics and advantages that: the device can measure the tension, resistance, torque and the like of the propeller on the ground or on a vehicle, and can also be applied to a high-altitude area to measure the high-altitude aerodynamic performance of the propeller at the corresponding altitude.
According to the method for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller, the tension bar, the resistance bar and the two torque bars of the device for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller are utilized, so that the four bars can bear and support at the same time, the vibration of the measuring device is reduced, and the stability of the measuring device is enhanced; at the same time, the two torque rods can also measure the torque of the propellers in different rotation directions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a propeller tension and torque measuring device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the propeller tension and torque measuring device of the present invention placed on a vehicle.
Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the propeller tension and torque measuring device of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. a base; 11. a lower upright post; 111. a first bearing; 112. a second bearing; 12. an upper upright post; 121. mounting holes; 13. a rotational axis; 14. a rotational axis; 2. a first measuring mechanism; 21. a tension measuring structure; 211. a tension measuring sensor; 212. a tension bar; 22. a resistance measurement structure; 221. a resistance measurement sensor; 222. a resistance bar; 3. a second measuring mechanism; 31. a torque measurement structure; 311. a torque rod; 312. a torque measuring sensor; 4. a propeller; 5. a vehicle; 6. an electric motor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, firstly, the present invention provides a propeller tension and torque measuring device, which comprises a base 1, a first measuring mechanism 2 and a second measuring mechanism 3, wherein: a lower upright post 11 is rotatably connected to the base 1, an upper upright post 12 is rotatably connected to the lower upright post 11, and the propeller 4 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the upper upright post 12; the first measuring mechanism 2 is provided with a tension measuring structure 21 and a resistance measuring structure 22 which are arranged on two opposite sides of the lower upright post 11 along the rotating direction of the lower upright post 11; the second measuring mechanism 3 has two torque measuring structures 31 provided on opposite sides of the upper column 12 in the rotational direction of the upper column 12; wherein, the rotation axis 13 of the lower upright post 11 relative to the base 1 is vertical to the rotation axis 14 of the upper upright post 12 relative to the lower upright post 11.
When the measuring device for the tension and the torque of the propeller is used, the base 1 can be fixed on the ground, or as shown in figure 2, the base 1 is fixed on a vehicle 5, so that the tension and the torque of the propeller 4 can be conveniently measured in ground and vehicle tests.
Specifically, the base 1 is substantially flat, a first rotating shaft can be arranged at the lower end of the lower upright post 11 in a penetrating manner, a first bearing 111 is sleeved on the first rotating shaft, so that the lower upright post 11 can be rotatably connected to the middle part of the base 1 through the first rotating shaft and the first bearing 111 arranged on the first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft is arranged at the upper end of the lower upright post 11 in a penetrating manner, and a second bearing 112 is sleeved on the second rotating shaft, so that the lower upright post 11 can be rotatably connected to the lower end of the upper upright post 12 through the second rotating shaft and the second bearing 112 arranged on the second rotating shaft. In the invention, the lower upright post 11 is arranged perpendicular to the rotation axis 13 of the base 1 and the rotation axis 14 of the upper upright post 12 relative to the lower upright post 11, thereby realizing the purpose of decomposing and measuring the pulling force, the resistance and the torque of the propeller 4.
The rotation direction of the lower upright post 11 relative to the base 1 is defined as front and rear, the rotation direction of the upper upright post 12 relative to the lower upright post 11 is defined as left and right, and the rotation direction is used as a descriptive direction phrase, namely, the front is the positive x direction, the rear is the negative x direction, the left is the positive Y direction, and the right is the negative Y direction, referring to the coordinate system of fig. 1.
The first measuring mechanism 2 includes a tension measuring structure 21 and a resistance measuring structure 22, the tension measuring structure 21 and the resistance measuring structure 22 are respectively disposed on two opposite sides of the lower upright 11, specifically, on two opposite sides of the lower upright 11 in the rotation direction relative to the base 1, that is, the tension measuring structure 21 is located on the front side of the lower upright 11, and the resistance measuring structure 22 is located on the rear side of the lower upright 11.
Specifically, the tension measuring structure 21 has a tension rod 212 and a tension measuring sensor 211, the tension measuring sensor 211 is disposed on the base 1, one end of the tension rod 212 is connected to the lower column 11, and the other end thereof can be in contact with or separated from the tension measuring sensor 211.
The resistance measuring structure 22 has a resistance bar 222 and a resistance measuring sensor 221, the resistance measuring sensor 221 is disposed on the base 1, one end of the resistance bar 222 is connected to the lower column 11, and the other end thereof can be in contact with or separated from the resistance measuring sensor 221.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the upper column 12 is connected with the motor 6, and the rotating shaft of the motor 6 is connected with the propeller 4, so that the purpose that the motor 6 drives the propeller 4 to rotate is achieved; wherein, the propeller 4 and the tension measuring structure 21 are connected to the same side of the upper upright post 12 and the lower upright post 11, that is, the propeller 4 and the tension measuring structure 21 are respectively connected to the front side of the upper upright post 12 and the front side of the lower upright post 11, so that the tension measuring structure 21 can be used for measuring tension data of the propeller 4, and the resistance measuring structure 22 located at the rear side of the propeller 4 can be used for measuring resistance data of the propeller 4.
Furthermore, a plurality of mounting holes 121 are formed in the front side surface of the upper column 12 at intervals along the axial direction, and the motor 6 can be connected into any one of the mounting holes 121, so that the mounting position of the motor 6 on the upper column 12 can be adjusted according to requirements, and the purpose of adjusting the height position of the propeller 4 mounted on the upper column 12 is achieved.
The second measuring mechanism 3 includes two torque measuring structures 31, the two torque measuring structures 31 are respectively disposed on the left side and the right side of the upper column 12, in this embodiment, the torque measuring structure 31 has a torque rod 311 and a torque measuring sensor 312, the base 1 is connected with a platform (not shown in the figure), the torque measuring sensor 312 is disposed on the platform, one end of the torque rod 311 is connected with the upper column 12, and the other end thereof can contact with or separate from the torque measuring sensor 312.
The invention decomposes the pulling force, the resistance and the torque of the propeller 4 by the front-back rotation of the lower upright post 11 relative to the base 1 and the left-right rotation of the upper upright post 12 relative to the lower upright post 11, simultaneously measures the corresponding force components by the pulling force rod 212, the resistance rod 222, the two torque rods 311, the pulling force measuring sensor 211, the resistance measuring sensor 221 and the two torque measuring sensors 312 which correspond to the pulling force rod, the resistance rod and the two torque rods, and finally obtains the data of the pulling force, the resistance and the torque of the propeller 4 by calculation.
The method of calculating the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller 4 will be described in detail below.
In the invention, the distance between the rotating shaft of the propeller 4 and the rotating axis 13 of the lower upright 11 relative to the base 1 is L1The length of the tension bar 212 is L3When the lower column 11 swings toward the front side, the free end of the tension rod 212 contacts the tension measuring sensor 211, and the pressure value monitored by the tension measuring sensor 211 is N1Then the tension T of the propeller 4 is:
T＝N1L1/L3 (1)
wherein, in the formula (1), the unit of T is N (cattle); n is a radical of1The unit of (a) is N (bovine); l is1In units of m (meters); l is3In m (meters).
Furthermore, the propeller 4 has a rotation axis at a distance L from the rotation axis 14 of the upper upright 12 relative to the lower upright 112The length of the resistance bar 222 is L4When the lower column 11 swings toward the rear side, the free end of the resistance bar 222 contacts the resistance measuring sensor 221, and the pressure value monitored by the resistance measuring sensor 221 is N2The resistance T of the propeller 4DComprises the following steps:
TD＝N2L2/L4 (2)
wherein, in the formula (2), TDThe unit of (a) is N (bovine); n is a radical of2The unit of (a) is N (bovine); l is2In units of m (meters); l is4In m (meters).
Further, the torque rod 311 has a length L5When the upper column 12 swings to the left or right, the free end of the torque rod 311 contacts the corresponding torque measuring sensor 312, and the pressure values monitored by the torque measuring sensor 312 are N3And N4The torque Q of the propeller 4 is then:
Q＝N3L5or Q＝N4L5 (3)
Wherein, in the formula (3), the unit of Q is Nm (newton. meter); n is a radical of3The unit of (a) is N (bovine); n is a radical of4The unit of (a) is N (bovine); l is5In m (meters).
The device for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller can measure the tension T and the resistance T of the propeller 4 on the ground or on a vehicleDAnd the torque Q, etc., and the measurement device can also be applied to a high altitude area to measure the high altitude aerodynamic performance of the propeller 4 at the corresponding altitude.
By utilizing the tension bar 212, the resistance bar 222 and the two torque bars 311, the four bars can bear support at the same time, so that the vibration of the measuring device is reduced, and the system stability is enhanced; meanwhile, the present invention can measure the torque of the propeller 4 in different rotation directions using the two torque rods 311.
In addition, the tension measuring sensor 211, the resistance measuring sensor 221 and the two torque measuring sensors 312 are used as force collecting devices in the present invention, and of course, in other embodiments, platform scales can be used to replace the sensors, so that the measuring device has the advantages of simple structure, accurate force measurement, easy operation and low cost.
The method for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller is implemented by adopting a device for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller, and further comprises the following steps of:
step S2: starting the propeller 4, and measuring the wind speed by a wind speed measuring mechanism (not shown in the figure) positioned in front of the incoming flow of the propeller 4; specifically, the propeller 4 is driven to rotate by a motor 6, and the wind speed measuring mechanism can be a pitot tube or an ultrasonic anemometer.
Step S3: monitoring and acquiring pressure data of the tension measuring structure 21, the resistance measuring structure 22 and the two torque measuring structures 31, and the rotating speed of the propeller 4; specifically, the rotation speed of the propeller 4 can be obtained by the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the motor 6.
Step S4: and calculating the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller 4 according to the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller 4 and the pressure data. Specifically, the method for calculating the tension, the resistance, and the torque of the propeller 4 has been specifically described in the first embodiment.
Further, the measurement method further includes:
step S5: calculating a forward ratio, a drag coefficient, a power coefficient, and an efficiency of the propeller 4 from the wind speed, the rotational speed of the propeller 4, and the drag, and torque of the propeller 4;
step S6: providing different wind speeds and different rotating speeds of the propeller 4, and repeating the steps S2 to S4 to obtain corresponding curves of the pulling force, the resistance and the torque of the propeller 4 under different forward ratios when the propeller 4 is used as a power source of the aircraft.
Specifically, in step S5, the tension coefficient of the propeller 4 is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327257870000081
wherein, in the formula (4), CTIs the tension coefficient; d is the diameter of the propeller 4 in m (meters); n is the rotational speed of the propeller 4 in r/s (revolutions per second); t is the tension of the propeller 4 in N (cattle); rho is air density, unit Kg/m2(kg/per square meter).
Further, in step S5, the power coefficient of the propeller 4 is calculated by using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327257870000082
wherein, in the formula (5), CPIs the power coefficient; d is the diameter of the propeller 4 in m (meters); n is the rotational speed of the propeller 4 in r/s (revolutions per second); p is the shaft power of the propeller 4 in watts; rho is air density, unit Kg/m2(kg/per square meter).
Further, in step S5, the forward ratio of the propeller 4 is calculated using the following equation:
Figure BDA0002327257870000083
wherein in the formula (6), λ is a forward ratio of the propeller 4; n is the rotational speed of the propeller 4 in r/s (revolutions per second); d is the diameter of the propeller 4 in m (meters); v is the flying speed in m/s (meters per second).
Further, in step S4, the efficiency of the propeller is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002327257870000084
wherein, in the formula (7), η is the efficiency of the propeller 4; n is the rotational speed of the propeller 4 in r/s (revolutions per second); t is the tension of the propeller 4 in N (cattle); v is the flying speed, in m/s (meters per second); q is the torque of the propeller 4 in Nm (newton-meters); cPIs the power coefficient; cTIs the tension coefficient; λ is the forward ratio of the propeller.
When the propeller tension and torque measuring device is used for measurement, an additional control computer and a data acquisition unit electrically connected with the control computer can be provided, wherein the motor 6, the tension measuring sensor 211, the resistance measuring sensor 221 and the two torque measuring sensors 312 of the measuring device are respectively and electrically connected with the control computer.
The motor 6 can execute the command of a control computer through a motor controller, accurately control the rotating speed of the propeller 4 and record the rotating speed through a data acquisition system, wherein the motor controller can provide electric energy through a battery power supply, and in addition, the control computer can send a control command and receive the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller 4, the pressure data of the tension measuring sensor 211, the pressure data of the resistance measuring sensor 221 and the pressure data of the two torque measuring sensors 312 which are acquired by the data acquisition unit.
By the measuring method, the rotating speed and the different wind speed of different propellers 4 are measured for many times, and the corresponding tension coefficient of the propeller 4 under different advancing ratios lambda is obtainedCTPower coefficient CPCurve of the efficiency η of the propeller 4. When the propeller 4 is used as an aircraft power source, the forward ratio λ of the propeller 4 in the flight state can be calculated from the air density ρ, the rotational speed n, and the flight speed v in the flight state, and the tension, the drag, the torque, and the efficiency of the propeller 4 in the flight state can be calculated from the curves.
The measuring method of the invention can measure the tension T and the resistance T of the propeller 4 on the ground or on a vehicleDThe torque Q and the efficiency η of the propeller 4, etc., and the measurement method can also be applied to high altitude areas to measure the high altitude aerodynamic performance of the propeller 4 at the corresponding altitude.
In addition, the present invention can measure the resistance of the propeller 4 at a large forward ratio (i.e., in a windmill state) using the resistance bar 222; meanwhile, if the battery is used as a power source for supplying power, the present invention can also withstand and store the electric power generated by the electric motor 6 in the propeller windmill state.
The above description is only a few embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention according to the disclosure of the application document without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. A method for measuring the tension and torque of a propeller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: providing a propeller tension and torque measurement device, said measurement device comprising:
the propeller is connected with the upper end of the upper upright post in a rotatable manner;
the first measuring mechanism is provided with a tension measuring structure and a resistance measuring structure which are arranged on two opposite sides of the lower upright column along the rotating direction of the lower upright column;
the second measuring mechanism is provided with two torque measuring structures which are arranged on two opposite sides of the upper upright post along the rotating direction of the upper upright post;
the lower upright post is arranged vertically relative to the rotation axis of the base and the rotation axis of the upper upright post relative to the lower upright post;
step S2: starting the propeller, and measuring the wind speed through a wind speed measuring mechanism positioned in front of the incoming flow of the propeller;
step S3: monitoring and acquiring pressure data of the tension measuring structure, the resistance measuring structure and the torque measuring structure, and the rotating speed of the propeller;
step S4: and calculating the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller according to the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller and the pressure data.
2. The method of measuring propeller tension and torque of claim 1, further comprising:
step S5: calculating a forward ratio, a tension coefficient, a power coefficient and efficiency of the propeller according to the wind speed, the rotating speed of the propeller and the tension, resistance and torque of the propeller;
step S6: providing different wind speeds and the rotating speed of the propeller, and repeating the steps S3 to S5 to obtain corresponding curves of the tension, the resistance and the torque of the propeller under different forward ratios.
3. The method for measuring the tension and torque of a propeller as recited in claim 1, wherein the tension measuring structure has a tension bar and a tension measuring sensor, the tension measuring sensor is disposed on the base, one end of the tension bar is connected to the lower column, and the other end thereof can be in contact with or separated from the tension measuring sensor.
4. The method for measuring the pulling force and the torque of a propeller as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the resistance measuring structure has a resistance bar and a resistance measuring sensor, the resistance measuring sensor is provided on the base, one end of the resistance bar is connected to the lower column, and the other end thereof can be in contact with or separated from the resistance measuring sensor.
5. The method for measuring the pulling force and the torque of the propeller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the torque measuring structure has a torque rod and a torque measuring sensor, the base is connected with a platform, the torque measuring sensor is arranged on the platform, one end of the torque rod is connected with the upper upright, and the other end of the torque rod can be in contact with or separated from the torque measuring sensor.
6. The method for measuring the tension and torque of a propeller as recited in claim 3, wherein the upper end of the upper column is connected with a motor, and a rotating shaft of the motor is connected with the propeller; the propeller and the tension measuring structure are connected to the same side of the upper upright post and the lower upright post.
7. The method for measuring the tension and torque of a propeller as recited in claim 2, wherein in the step S5, the tension coefficient of the propeller is calculated using the following formula:
Figure FDA0002327257860000021
wherein, CTIs the tension coefficient; d is the diameter of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; t is the tension of the propeller; ρ is the air density.
8. The method for measuring the propeller pulling force and the propeller torque as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the step S5, the power coefficient of the propeller is calculated using the following formula:
Figure FDA0002327257860000022
wherein, CPIs the power coefficient; d is the diameter of the propeller; n isThe rotational speed of the propeller; p is the shaft power of the propeller; ρ is the air density.
9. The method for measuring the pulling force and the torque of the propeller as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the step S5, the forward ratio of the propeller is calculated using the following equation:
Figure FDA0002327257860000023
wherein λ is a forward ratio of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; d is the diameter of the propeller; v is the flight velocity.
10. The method for measuring the propeller pulling force and the propeller torque as set forth in claim 2, wherein in the step S5, the efficiency of the propeller is calculated using the following equation:
Figure FDA0002327257860000024
wherein η is the efficiency of the propeller; n is the rotation speed of the propeller; t is the tension of the propeller; v is the flight velocity; q is the torque of the propeller; cPIs the power coefficient; cTIs the tension coefficient; λ is the forward ratio of the propeller.
11. A method of measuring propeller tension and torque as in claim 3 wherein the distance between the axis of rotation of the propeller and the axis of rotation of the lower upright relative to the base is L1The length of the pull rod is L3The pressure value monitored by the tension measuring sensor is N1And then the tension T of the propeller is as follows:
T＝N1L1/L3。
12. as claimed in claim 5The method for measuring the tension and the torque of the propeller is characterized in that the length of the torque rod is L5The pressure values monitored by the two torque measuring sensors are respectively N3And N4The torque Q of the propeller is then:
Q＝N3L5or Q ═ N4L5。
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CN205066989U (en) * 2015-11-03 2016-03-02 上海圣尧智能科技有限公司 Screw pulling force and torque -measuring apparatus and system thereof
CN105547676A (en) * 2015-12-25 2016-05-04 北京航空航天大学 Multifunctional swing-arm type rotor wing test stand
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2359125A (en) * 1940-07-12 1944-09-26 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Device for measurement of thrust and torque in propeller shafts
CN103528740A (en) * 2013-10-14 2014-01-22 国家海洋技术中心 Device for measuring thrust force of propeller and magnetic transmission torque
CN205066989U (en) * 2015-11-03 2016-03-02 上海圣尧智能科技有限公司 Screw pulling force and torque -measuring apparatus and system thereof
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