CN113005380A - Solution heat treatment method for nickel-based alloy - Google Patents
Solution heat treatment method for nickel-based alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113005380A CN113005380A CN201911324692.4A CN201911324692A CN113005380A CN 113005380 A CN113005380 A CN 113005380A CN 201911324692 A CN201911324692 A CN 201911324692A CN 113005380 A CN113005380 A CN 113005380A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention provides a solid solution heat treatment method of a nickel-based alloy, which adopts a thermodynamic theory, utilizes a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system to calculate a thermodynamic phase diagram of the nickel-based alloy to obtain a phase transition temperature, combines experimental determination to obtain a complete solid solution temperature of a gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy, and adopts the processes of solid solution, aging and air cooling treatment. The method of the solid solution heat treatment can ensure that the gamma 'phase in the nickel-based alloy can nucleate on dislocation preferentially, fully dissolve the gamma' strengthening phase, effectively dissolve unreasonable secondary carbide and boride phases distributed on grain boundaries simultaneously, form a stronger grain boundary network, and contribute to obtaining the nickel-based alloy with fine grains, high yield strength and good mechanical fatigue performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat treatment of nickel-based alloys, in particular to a solution heat treatment method of a nickel-based alloy.
Background
The superalloy undergoes thermal treatment under strictly controlled heating and cooling conditions to achieve the required performance or service life by changing the microstructure within the material. With the application of new high-temperature alloy materials and the high requirements on the alloy performance in the using process, the heat treatment process is an indispensable process. The heat treatment of high-temperature alloy is a special process, and the conditions of alloy composition, phase stability, organization action, performance requirements and the like must be known to make a proper heat treatment system. If coarse grains are generated in the heating process of the high-temperature alloy, the high-temperature alloy cannot be repaired by heat treatment, so that the heat treatment of the high-temperature alloy is very important, and a correct heat treatment system can ensure that the alloy obtains reasonable structure and use performance, so that the alloy plays a role to the maximum extent. In the prior art, the mutual transformation relation and the phase change mechanism among all precipitated phases of the alloy in the service and heat treatment processes are not clear. In addition, the nickel-based alloy contains a strengthening phase, so that the problem of re-dissolution and re-precipitation easily occurs due to improper treatment in the solution heat treatment process, and the comprehensive performance of the nickel-based alloy is influenced.
For example, patent No. CN110438424A discloses a low-temperature deformation strengthening heat treatment method for nickel-base alloy GH4169, which comprises the steps of solution treatment of nickel-base alloy, tapping, water cooling, low-temperature modification, forging or rolling, and air cooling to obtain nickel-base alloy with obviously improved hardness. For another example, the yellow diamond with the patent number of CN104805259A discloses a nickel-based alloy composition distribution ratio and delta phase spheroidizing heat treatment process, and the nickel-based alloy with high strength is obtained by carrying out solid solution for 1-1.5h at 1110 ℃. These heat treatments, however, do not precisely alter the overall properties of the nickel-base alloy from the gamma prime strengthening phase.
In the field of the preparation process of the nickel-based alloy, particularly in the heat treatment step, many practical problems to be treated in practical application still exist, and no specific solution is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention proposes a solution heat treatment method of a nickel-base alloy to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of solution heat treating a nickel-base alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) based on the thermodynamic theory of the nickel-based alloy, performing thermodynamic phase diagram calculation on the nickel-based alloy by utilizing a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system, and determining to obtain the complete solid solution temperature of a gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy;
(2) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat for 1-3 hours in a muffle furnace at 1140-1160 ℃, cooling to 1110-1130 ℃ at the speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 750-780 ℃, wherein the aging treatment time is 14-18 h;
(4) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microscopic structure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.2-0.5%, and the content of eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 2.70-4.40%;
wherein the total time of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is less than 40 hours.
Preferably, the method for solution heat treatment of the nickel-based alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) performing thermodynamic phase diagram calculation on the nickel-based alloy by using a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system, and measuring to obtain the complete solid solution temperature of a gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy;
(2) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat for 1 hour in a muffle furnace at 1160 ℃, reducing the temperature to 1120 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 760 ℃, wherein the aging treatment lasts for 16 h;
(4) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microstructure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.3%, and the eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 4.40%;
wherein the total time of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is less than 30 hours.
Optionally, the nickel-based alloy has a γ' phase as a strengthening phase.
Optionally, the complete solution temperature of the gamma' phase in the step (1) is 1140-1160 ℃.
Optionally, performing thermodynamic phase diagram calculation on the nickel-based alloy by using a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system to obtain: inputting the components of the nickel-based alloy into a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation program, calculating by using a quasi-equilibrium mode to obtain a quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the nickel-based alloy, and obtaining the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy based on the assistance of the quasi-equilibrium phase diagram.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
high temperature nickel-base alloys, the microstructure of which consists mainly of face-centered cubic austenite (matrix), gamma prime phase (the main strengthening phase) and carbides (MC, M6C, M23C6, M7C3), have no means of heat treatment to repair if coarse grains are formed during heating. Along with the development of the alloy, the alloy structure is obviously changed, the volume fraction of the gamma '-phase is gradually increased, and the size of the gamma' -phase is gradually increased and kept at about 1 mu m. The form of the gamma 'phase is changed from spherical to cubic, and the state of grain boundaries is gradually perfected (grain boundary carbides are distributed in a chain shape and surrounded by the gamma' phase). When an alloy is worked at high temperatures under stress for extended periods of time, the alloy typically changes in microstructure as follows: (1) the gamma 'phase is coarsened, and the Ti-rich metastable gamma' phase can also be converted into the eta phase; (2) carbide decomposition (MC → M23C6 or M6C) and aggregation; (3) some alloys form deleterious metallic phases such as sigma, mu, Laves, etc. TCP phases.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the method of the solid solution heat treatment can ensure that the gamma 'phase in the nickel-based alloy can nucleate on dislocation preferentially, fully dissolve the gamma' strengthening phase, effectively dissolve unreasonable secondary carbide and boride phases distributed on a crystal boundary, and is beneficial to obtaining the nickel-based alloy with fine grains, high yield strength and good mechanical fatigue performance.
2. The method of the solid solution heat treatment of the invention cools the nickel base alloy in air at the speed of 5-15 ℃/min to room temperature to nucleate the solid solution aging precipitation phase of the nickel base alloy, which is helpful for precipitating fine and dispersed strengthening phase and forming a unique crystal boundary network structure.
3. The method for solution heat treatment can obviously improve the proportion of crystal boundary in the nickel-based alloy by a simple solution heat treatment method on the premise of not changing the components of the nickel-based alloy, and has the advantages of simple process, no need of repeated cold rolling deformation and easy realization.
4. The yield strength of the nickel-based alloy prepared by the solution heat treatment method is more than 750MPa, the tensile strength is more than 1000MPa, and the elongation is more than 35%.
Drawings
The invention will be further understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the eutectic region of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-based alloy in one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a transition zone of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-based alloy in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a dendrite trunk diagram of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-based alloy in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the eutectic zone of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-base alloy in one of the comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a transition zone of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-base alloy in one of comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a dendrite dryout schematic of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-based alloy in one of the comparative examples of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a microscopic view of a method of solution heat treating a nickel-based alloy in one of comparative examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Other systems, methods, and/or features of the present embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims. Additional features of the disclosed embodiments are described in, and will be apparent from, the detailed description that follows.
The invention relates to a method for solution heat treatment of a nickel-based alloy, which comprises the following steps according to the figure:
example 1:
(1) placing the prepared nickel-based alloy material in a heat treatment furnace;
(2) inputting the components of the nickel-based alloy into a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation program based on a thermodynamic theory of the nickel-based alloy, calculating by using a quasi-equilibrium mode to obtain a quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the nickel-based alloy, obtaining the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma '-phase in the nickel-based alloy based on the assistance of the quasi-equilibrium phase diagram, and measuring to obtain the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' -phase in the nickel-based alloy;
(3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat for 1 hour in a muffle furnace at 1140 ℃, reducing the temperature to 1110 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour;
(4) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 750 ℃, wherein the aging treatment lasts for 14 h;
(5) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microstructure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.2%, and the content of eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 2.7%;
wherein the total length of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is long<40 hours; the nickel base alloy takes a gamma' phase as a strengthening phase, has a long-range ordered face-centered cubic structure and is A3A type B intermetallic compound; the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' phase is 1140-1160 ℃.
Example 2:
(1) placing the prepared nickel-based alloy material in a heat treatment furnace;
(2) inputting the components of the nickel-based alloy into a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation program based on a thermodynamic theory of the nickel-based alloy, calculating by using a quasi-equilibrium mode to obtain a quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the nickel-based alloy, obtaining the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma '-phase in the nickel-based alloy based on the assistance of the quasi-equilibrium phase diagram, and measuring to obtain the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' -phase in the nickel-based alloy;
(3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat for 1 hour in a muffle furnace at 1160 ℃, reducing the temperature to 1120 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour;
(4) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 760 ℃, wherein the aging treatment lasts for 16 h;
(5) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microstructure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.3%, and the eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 4.40%;
wherein the total length of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is long<40 hours; the nickel base alloy takes a gamma' phase as a strengthening phase, has a long-range ordered face-centered cubic structure and is A3A type B intermetallic compound; the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' phase is 1140-1160 ℃.
Example 3:
(1) placing the prepared nickel-based alloy material in a heat treatment furnace;
(2) the thermodynamic phase diagram calculation of the nickel-based alloy by using a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system is as follows: inputting the components of the nickel-based alloy into a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation program, calculating by using a quasi-equilibrium mode to obtain a quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the nickel-based alloy, and obtaining the complete solid solution temperature of a gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy based on the assistance of the quasi-equilibrium phase diagram;
(3) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat in a muffle furnace at 1160 ℃ for 3 hours, cooling to 1130 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours;
(4) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 15 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at 780 ℃ for 18 h;
(5) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microstructure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.5%, and the content of eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 3.0%;
wherein the total time of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is less than 40 hours.
The nickel base alloy takes a gamma' phase as a strengthening phase, has a long-range ordered face-centered cubic structure and is A3A type B intermetallic compound; the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' phase is 1140-1160 ℃.
The results of the microstructure after solution heat treatment of the nickel-base alloys of examples 1-3 are reported in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The data analysis in table 1 shows that, in the nickel-base alloy after the solution treatment, the carbide accounts for 0.28-0.30%, the eutectic structure accounts for 3.39-4.40%, and the analysis in combination with the attached drawing shows that, after the solution treatment, the nickel-base alloy dendrites are all fine secondary gamma ' phases, and the primary gamma ' phase and the secondary gamma ' phase in the transition region coexist, and no obvious blocky eutectic region structure is found.
The following microstructure after solution heat treatment was also prepared in the present invention, and the results are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
In sum, the solution heat treatment method of the nickel-based alloy can effectively prepare and obtain the fully dissolved gamma' strengthening phase, and is beneficial to obtaining the nickel-based alloy with fine crystal grains, high yield strength and good mechanical fatigue property.
Although the invention has been described above with reference to various embodiments, it should be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. That is, the methods, systems, and devices discussed above are examples. Various configurations may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For example, in alternative configurations, the methods may be performed in an order different than that described, and/or various components may be added, omitted, and/or combined. Moreover, features described with respect to certain configurations may be combined in various other configurations, as different aspects and elements of the configurations may be combined in a similar manner. Further, elements therein may be updated as technology evolves, i.e., many elements are examples and do not limit the scope of the disclosure or claims.
It is intended that the foregoing detailed description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and that it be understood that it is the following claims, including all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope of this invention. The above examples are to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure. After reading the description of the invention, the skilled person can make various changes or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent changes and modifications also fall into the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method of solution heat treating a nickel-base alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) based on the thermodynamic theory of the nickel-based alloy, performing thermodynamic phase diagram calculation on the nickel-based alloy by utilizing a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system, and determining to obtain the complete solid solution temperature of a gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy;
(2) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat for 1-3 hours in a muffle furnace at 1140-1160 ℃, cooling to 1110-1130 ℃ at the speed of 2-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1-2 hours;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 750-;
(4) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microscopic structure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.2-0.5%, and the content of eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 2.70-4.40%;
wherein the total time of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is less than 40 hours.
2. Method for solution heat treatment of a nickel-base alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) performing thermodynamic phase diagram calculation on the nickel-based alloy by using a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system, and measuring to obtain the complete solid solution temperature of a gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy;
(2) carrying out solution heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: preserving heat for 1 hour in a muffle furnace at 1160 ℃, reducing the temperature to 1120 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour;
(3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the nickel-based alloy: then air-cooling to room temperature at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 760 ℃, wherein the aging treatment lasts for 16 h;
(4) the nickel-based alloy after the aging heat treatment is subjected to microstructure analysis, so that the content of carbide of the nickel-based alloy is 0.3%, and the eutectic of the nickel-based alloy is 4.40%;
wherein the total time of the solution heat treatment and the aging heat treatment is less than 30 hours.
3. Method for the solution heat treatment of nickel-base alloys according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nickel-base alloy has a gamma prime phase as strengthening phase.
4. The method for solution heat treatment of nickel-base alloys according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the γ' phase complete solution temperature of step (1) is 1140-1160 ℃.
5. The method for solution heat treatment of nickel-base alloys according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thermodynamic phase diagram calculation of the nickel-base alloy with the Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation software system is: inputting the components of the nickel-based alloy into a Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation program, calculating by using a quasi-equilibrium mode to obtain a quasi-equilibrium phase diagram of the nickel-based alloy, and obtaining the complete solid solution temperature of the gamma' phase in the nickel-based alloy based on the assistance of the quasi-equilibrium phase diagram.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113528992A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-22 | 天津大学 | Heat treatment method for optimizing mechanical properties of GH3536 nickel-based high-temperature alloy manufactured by additive manufacturing |
| CN114045451A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-15 | 中国华能集团有限公司 | Heat treatment method for optimizing comprehensive cost performance of composite reinforced iron-nickel base alloy pipe |
| CN114934157A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-08-23 | 丹阳市金星镍材有限公司 | Heat treatment process of nickel-based high-temperature alloy for cold heading |
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| US5328659A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1994-07-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Superalloy heat treatment for promoting crack growth resistance |
| CN107460374A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-12 | 株式会社日本制钢所 | High intensity Ni based high-temperature alloys |
| CN109280812A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-29 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment process of ferronickel base wrought superalloy friction welding joint |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5328659A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1994-07-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Superalloy heat treatment for promoting crack growth resistance |
| CN107460374A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-12 | 株式会社日本制钢所 | High intensity Ni based high-temperature alloys |
| CN109280812A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-29 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment process of ferronickel base wrought superalloy friction welding joint |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113528992A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-22 | 天津大学 | Heat treatment method for optimizing mechanical properties of GH3536 nickel-based high-temperature alloy manufactured by additive manufacturing |
| CN113528992B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-03-04 | 天津大学 | Heat treatment method for optimizing mechanical properties of GH3536 nickel-based high-temperature alloy manufactured by additive manufacturing |
| CN114045451A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-02-15 | 中国华能集团有限公司 | Heat treatment method for optimizing comprehensive cost performance of composite reinforced iron-nickel base alloy pipe |
| CN114934157A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-08-23 | 丹阳市金星镍材有限公司 | Heat treatment process of nickel-based high-temperature alloy for cold heading |
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