CN113005306A - Rotary kiln roasting mercury smelting system using lead-zinc smelting acid mud as raw material - Google Patents

Rotary kiln roasting mercury smelting system using lead-zinc smelting acid mud as raw material Download PDF

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CN113005306A
CN113005306A CN202110132645.0A CN202110132645A CN113005306A CN 113005306 A CN113005306 A CN 113005306A CN 202110132645 A CN202110132645 A CN 202110132645A CN 113005306 A CN113005306 A CN 113005306A
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ring
sealing
rotary kiln
mercury
static
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CN113005306B (en
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夏龙斌
叶涌涛
刘涛
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Jiyuan Xiaoyuan Industrial Co ltd
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Jiyuan Xiaoyuan Industrial Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B43/00—Obtaining mercury
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
    • C22B1/216—Sintering; Agglomerating in rotary furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a rotary kiln roasting mercury refining system taking lead-zinc smelting acid mud as a raw material, wherein the front end of the rotary kiln is provided with an acid mud hopper, a lime hopper, a stirring mixer, a disc granulator, a feeding device and a pressure swing adsorption oxygenerator, the rear end of the rotary kiln is provided with a discharging device, a negative pressure fan, a condensing tower and a tail gas treatment device, the tail end of the rotary kiln is downwards inclined and installed on a base, and the rotary kiln comprises a front sealing cover, a tug, an inner container barrel, a driving device, a gear pair, a wheel belt, a heating sleeve and a kiln tail cover. The system solves the problem of recovery of lead-zinc smelting acid sludge, and has high economic benefit, and the direct recovery rate of mercury can reach about 95%, and the recovery rate can reach more than 99%; meanwhile, the mercury refining system is closed and used for continuously extracting mercury under negative pressure, and the unorganized emission of mercury is reduced to the maximum extent.

Description

Rotary kiln roasting mercury smelting system using lead-zinc smelting acid mud as raw material
Technical Field
The invention provides a system for roasting and refining mercury by using a rotary kiln, in particular relates to a system for roasting and refining mercury by using acid sludge generated in a lead-zinc smelting process as a raw material, and belongs to the technical field of mineral smelting.
Background
The mercury smelting comprises a fire method and a wet method. In the pyrogenic process for refining mercury, mercury ore or concentrate is roasted at a low temperature (450-800 ℃), mercury is directly reduced to be in a gas state and separated out, and then the mercury is condensed to be in a liquid state. The fire method for refining mercury is simple in working procedure and high in technical and economic indexes, and is a traditional mercury refining method at home and abroad. The common roasting equipment comprises a rotary kiln, a multi-hearth furnace, a liquid roasting furnace, a mechanical distillation furnace and the like. The wet mercury smelting is to leach mercury concentrate with sodium sulfide or hypochlorite solution, and obtain metal mercury through electrolysis or replacement after the leaching solution is purified. The wet method can reduce the pollution of mercury, but the flow is complex, and the technical and economic indexes are not as good as those of the fire method, so the wet method is not widely applied. An electrooxidation method for extracting mercury from cinnabar ore is also researched in the United states, and the recovery rate of mercury is 90-99 percent, but no production report is found. Mercury metal extracted from mined ore, known as primary mercury, is typically greater than 99.9% pure and has a clean and bright appearance that finds many uses in industry. The mercury has wide application, and in the total dosage, the metal mercury accounts for 30 percent, and the mercury in a compound state accounts for about 70 percent. The metal industry commonly uses the amalgam process (mercury dissolves other metals to form an amalgam) to extract metals such as gold, silver, and thallium. The mercury is used as cathode in chemical industry to electrolyze salt solution to prepare caustic soda and chlorine. The mercury is prepared by making mercury arc rectifier, mercury vacuum pump, mixing with alcohol and concentrated nitric acid solution, and heating. Some compounds of mercury have the effects of disinfection, diuresis and analgesia in medicine, and mercury-silver alloy is a good dental material. In traditional Chinese medicine, mercury is used as a raw material of a medicine for treating malignant boil and scabies. Mercury is used as a coolant for precision casting molds and atomic reactors, as a component of cadmium-based bearing alloys, and the like. In addition, mercury has wider application in military industry.
At present, equipment such as a tunnel kiln, a blast furnace, a liquid state roasting furnace and the like are mostly adopted in the mercury refining industry in China, the equipment adopts semi-closed type for mercury refining, the temperature of the furnace is controlled roughly, batch feeding and batch slag discharging are carried out, and the difference of mercury content of slag after mercury extraction is large due to different heating points of the slag. The mercury refining equipment has the advantages that the direct mercury yield is 83-87%, and the recovery rate is 89-93%, and further improvement is needed.
The Chinese invention patent CN 104880059A discloses a phi 2000 x 18 m energy-saving environment-friendly mercury smelting electromagnetic induction roasting rotary kiln, which aims to adopt a variable frequency power supply to inductively heat a high-temperature heating area on the surface of a kiln tube in the rotary kiln through an induction heating ring sleeved on an outer tube of the rotary kiln, because the kiln tube rotates at a constant speed, the heating temperature of the kiln tube is very uniform, the heating temperature is generally 450-1000 ℃, the power and the temperature are automatically adjusted, the mercury ore in the rotary kiln is roasted and heated to about 800 ℃, the mercury ore in the rotary kiln is evaporated to generate mercury vapor, and the mercury vapor is collected to mercury metal through a condenser; the yield of the electromagnetic induction rotary kiln can be comparable to that of an electric heating, coal-fired, fuel oil or gas roasting rotary kiln. Solves the problems of low production efficiency, serious environmental pollution, high energy consumption and the like of the mercury-smelting rotary kiln which is roasted by a coal furnace. However, in the mercury refining system, mercury ore is directly roasted to prepare the mercury refining system, and the cost for refining mercury is high. In addition, in the whole roasting process, mercury vapor in the rotary kiln may overflow from the joints at the head and the tail of the rotary kiln, thereby causing environmental pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the defects in the prior art, and provides a system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc smelting acid mud as a raw material, wherein the system takes acid mud generated in the lead-zinc smelting process as a raw material, adopts the rotary kiln for roasting, not only solves the problem of recovery of the lead-zinc smelting acid mud, but also has the advantages that the direct mercury yield of the system can reach about 95 percent, the recovery rate can reach more than 99 percent, and the system has higher economic benefit in comparison; meanwhile, the mercury refining system extracts mercury under the conditions of sealing, continuous and negative pressure, and compared with other industrial mercury refining equipment which extracts mercury semi-sealing and discontinuously, the unorganized emission of mercury is reduced to the maximum extent.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the above purpose of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an use rotary kiln roasting of lead zinc smelting acid mud as raw materials to smelt mercury system includes rotary kiln, feed arrangement, discharging device and condensing equipment at least, its characterized in that: the front end of the rotary kiln is provided with an acid sludge hopper, a lime hopper, a stirring mixer, a disc granulator, a feeding device and a pressure swing adsorption oxygenerator, the rear end of the rotary kiln is provided with a discharging device, a negative pressure fan, a condensing tower and a tail gas treatment device, wherein lead-zinc smelting acid sludge is stacked in the acid sludge hopper, quicklime is stacked in the lime hopper, discharge ports at the bottoms of the acid sludge hopper and the lime hopper are both positioned above a feed port of the stirring mixer, a discharge port of the stirring mixer is positioned above the disc granulator, and the disc granulator is connected with the feeding device;
the tail end of the rotary kiln is downwards inclined and arranged on the base, the rotary kiln comprises a front sealing cover, a tug, an inner container barrel, a driving device, a gear pair, a wheel belt, a heating sleeve and a kiln tail cover, wherein the front sealing cover is movably connected with the front end of the liner cylinder body and sealed by a sealing device, the front sealing cover and the liner cylinder body relatively rotate, the front sealing cover is provided with a feed inlet and an air inlet, the inside of the air inlet is provided with a one-way air valve, the feed inlet is connected with a discharge port of the feeding device, the air inlet is connected with an air outlet of the pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator through an oxygen pipe, two sets of wheel belts are arranged and are respectively installed at the head end and the tail end of the liner cylinder, two sets of tugboats are arranged corresponding to the wheel belts and are positioned below the wheel belts, the gear pair is installed on the liner cylinder and is connected with the driving device, and the driving device drives the liner cylinder to rotate on the tugboats through the gear pair; the heating sleeve is sleeved on the liner cylinder and heats the liner cylinder; the kiln tail hood is positioned at the tail end of the inner container barrel, the tail end of the inner container barrel extends into the kiln tail hood and can rotate relative to the kiln tail hood, the kiln tail hood and the kiln tail hood are sealed through an O-shaped sealing ring, the discharging device is installed at the bottom of the kiln tail hood, the top of the kiln tail hood is provided with a gas collecting hood, and the top end of the gas collecting hood is provided with a negative pressure air suction pipe;
the sealing device is arranged between the front sealing cover and the liner cylinder body, comprises a static ring and a movable ring, wherein the section of the static ring is in an inverted C shape, and comprises a static connecting ring and a static sealing ring along the axial direction and an arc-shaped static supporting ring positioned between the static connecting ring and the static sealing ring; the section of the movable ring is C-shaped, the movable ring comprises a movable connecting ring and a movable sealing ring along the axial direction, and an arc-shaped movable supporting ring positioned between the movable connecting ring and the movable sealing ring, the movable connecting ring and the movable sealing ring are connected into an integral structure, the end part of the movable connecting ring is provided with a positioning step along the radial direction, and the positioning step is attached to the side wall of the liner cylinder and is fixed with the liner cylinder through a bolt; the static ring and the dynamic ring are inserted in a staggered mode, the static sealing ring is located between the dynamic connecting ring and the dynamic sealing ring, the dynamic sealing ring is located between the static connecting ring and the static sealing ring, the end portion of the static sealing ring is provided with a flow guide ring inclining towards the dynamic sealing ring, the end portion of the dynamic sealing ring is provided with a flow interception ring inclining towards the static sealing ring, and a zigzag labyrinth sealing cavity is formed among the static ring, the flow guide ring, the dynamic ring and the interception ring; more than one inclined sealing lip is arranged on the outer circular surface of the static sealing ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic sealing ring, and the sealing lips are respectively in close contact sealing with the outer circular surface of the static connecting ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic connecting ring;
the negative pressure fan is connected with a negative pressure air suction pipe arranged at the top end of the air collecting hood, an air outlet pipe of the negative pressure fan is connected with an air inlet of the condensing tower, the condensing tower is water-cooled, a water-sealed mercury collecting groove is formed in the bottom of the condensing tower, and an air outlet in the top of the condensing tower is connected with a tail gas treatment device.
The sealing device is characterized in that frameworks are arranged in the static ring and the dynamic ring of the sealing device, the frameworks are arranged in a manner of being tightly attached to the outer circular surfaces of the static connecting ring and the static supporting ring, or the frameworks are arranged in a manner of being tightly attached to the inner circular surfaces of the dynamic connecting ring and the dynamic supporting ring, and the end parts of the sealing lips are tightly attached to the surfaces of the frameworks for sealing.
In the sealing device, two sealing lips are arranged on the outer circular surface of the static sealing ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic sealing ring, the two sealing lips are opposite in inclination direction and form a splayed structure with each other.
The heating sleeve adopts an electric heating mode, the heating sleeve is divided into three sections from head to tail, the heating temperature in each section is independently adjusted through the control cabinet, and a temperature sensor is arranged in each section.
Heating areas are respectively arranged at the bottom and the front and the rear sides in the heating sleeve.
And the bottom discharge ports of the acid sludge hopper and the lime hopper are provided with spiral feeders, and the mass ratio of the lead-zinc smelting acid sludge to the quicklime is adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the spiral feeders.
The oxygen pipe is provided with a pressure gauge and an adjusting valve, and the adjusting valve is used for adjusting the oxygen supply amount to the rotary kiln.
The pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator comprises an air compressor, a refrigeration dryer, a multi-stage filtering device, an air storage tank, an adsorption tower, an oxygen storage tank, pipelines for connecting all the components and valves arranged on the pipelines.
Compared with the prior art, the rotary kiln mercury roasting system taking lead-zinc smelting acid mud as a raw material has the following advantages: 1. use plumbous zinc to smelt acid mud and quick lime as the raw materials in this patent, compare in mercury ore deposit, not only very big reduction manufacturing cost, but also realized changing waste into valuables, produced better economic effect, realized the recycle once more to plumbous zinc smelting acid mud simultaneously. 2. The inventive mixing of lead-zinc smelting acid mud and quick lime in this patent and carried out the granulation with the disc granulator, can reduce it and produce the dust in rotary kiln smelting process, and then reduce mercury soot and produce, improve the mercury activating production rate, improve and smelt mercury recovery directly. 3. Adopt electric heat rotary kiln in this patent, the heating jacket is divided into the three-section by head to tail altogether, and the heating temperature in every section all adjusts through the switch board alone, and furnace temperature accuse temperature is accurate, adopts continuity feeding, slag tap simultaneously, and the material rolls formula in the rotary kiln and refines and be heated evenly, and the slag contains mercury lowly. 4. In order to avoid the in-process mercury vapor of smelting mercury by the rotary kiln to reveal and lead to the polluted environment, adopt the negative pressure in this patent, the rotary kiln moves under the negative pressure environment, simultaneously seals through unique sealing device between the front end opening of preceding closing cap and inner bag barrel, above-mentioned sealing device not only can prevent that the grease in the bearing from leaking, can also prevent the gas in the rotary kiln from leaking simultaneously, furthest's reduction mercury's inorganization is discharged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln using lead-zinc smelting acid sludge as a raw material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sealing device between a front cover and a liner cylinder;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a condensation column;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator;
in the figure: 1-a dynamic connection ring, 2-a static support ring, 3-a sealing lip, 4-a static sealing ring, 5-a cutoff ring, 6-a diversion ring, 7-a dynamic support ring, 8-a sealing cavity, 9-a dynamic sealing ring, 10-a static connection ring, 11-a front sealing cover, 12-a bolt, 13-a flinger, 14-a framework, 15-a bearing, 16-a positioning step, 17-a liner cylinder, 18-a feed inlet, 19-an air inlet, 20-an acid mud hopper, 21-a lime hopper, 22-a stirring mixer, 23-a disc granulator, 24-a feed device, 25-a pressure swing adsorption oxygenerator, 26-an oxygen pipe, 27-a pressure gauge, 28-a regulating valve, 29-a tugboat, 30-a driving device and 31-a gear pair, 32-wheel belt, 33-heating jacket, 34-kiln tail cover, 35-discharging device, 36-negative pressure fan, 37-condensing tower, 38-tail gas treatment device, 39-gas collecting cover, 40-negative pressure gas suction pipe, 41-gas outlet pipe, 42-water-sealed mercury collecting tank and 43-one-way gas valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
The invention provides a rotary kiln roasting mercury refining system taking lead-zinc smelting acid mud as a raw material, which has the overall structure shown in figure 1, wherein the front end of the rotary kiln is provided with an acid mud hopper 20, a lime hopper 21, a stirring mixer 22, a disc granulator 23, a feeding device 24 and a pressure swing adsorption oxygenerator 25, the rear end of the rotary kiln is provided with a discharging device 35, a negative pressure fan 36, a condensing tower 37 and a tail gas treatment device 38, wherein the lead-zinc smelting acid mud is stacked in the acid mud hopper, the quicklime is stacked in the lime hopper, the discharge outlets at the bottoms of the acid mud hopper and the lime hopper are both positioned above the feed inlet of the stirring mixer, and the discharge outlets at the bottoms of the acid mud hopper and the lime hopper are both provided with spiral feeders, so that the mass ratio of the lead-zinc smelting acid mud and the quicklime is adjusted by adjusting. The discharge port of the stirring mixer is positioned above the disc granulator, and the disc granulator is connected with the feeding device.
The tail end of the rotary kiln is downwards inclined and installed on the base, the rotary kiln comprises a front sealing cover 11, a tug 29, a liner cylinder 17, a driving device 30, a gear pair 31, a wheel belt 32, a heating sleeve 33 and a kiln tail cover 34, the front sealing cover is movably connected with the front end of the liner cylinder through a bearing 15 and sealed through a sealing device, and the front sealing cover and the liner cylinder can relatively rotate under the action of the bearing. Be provided with feed inlet 18 and air inlet 19 on the preceding closing cap, the inside of air inlet is provided with one-way pneumatic valve 43, the feed inlet is connected with feed arrangement's discharge gate, and the air inlet passes through oxygen hose 26 with the gas outlet of pressure swing adsorption oxygenerator to be connected, be provided with manometer 27 and governing valve 28 on the oxygen hose, adjust the oxygen supply volume to the rotary kiln attribute through the governing valve. The structure of the pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator in this embodiment is as shown in fig. 4, and includes an air compressor, a refrigeration dryer, a multi-stage filtration device, an air storage tank, an adsorption tower, an oxygen storage tank, a pipeline connecting the components, and a valve installed on the pipeline.
The inner container barrel is arranged on the inner container barrel and is connected with a driving device, and the driving device drives the inner container barrel to rotate on the tug through the gear pair; the heating sleeve is sleeved on the liner cylinder and heats the liner cylinder; the heating sleeve adopts an electric heating mode, the heating sleeve is divided into three sections from head to tail, the heating temperature in each section is independently adjusted through the control cabinet, and a temperature sensor is arranged in each section. Heating areas are respectively arranged at the bottom and the front and the rear sides in the heating sleeve.
The kiln tail hood is positioned at the tail end of the inner container barrel, the tail end of the inner container barrel extends into the kiln tail hood and can rotate relative to the kiln tail hood, the kiln tail hood and the kiln tail hood are sealed through an O-shaped sealing ring, the discharging device is installed at the bottom of the kiln tail hood, the top of the kiln tail hood is provided with a gas collecting hood 39, and the top end of the gas collecting hood is provided with a negative pressure air suction pipe 40; the negative pressure fan is connected with the negative pressure air suction pipe arranged at the top end of the air collecting hood, the air outlet pipe 41 of the negative pressure fan is connected with the air inlet of the condensing tower, the condensing tower adopts a water-cooled type, the bottom of the condensing tower is provided with a water-sealed mercury collecting groove 42, and as shown in fig. 3, the air outlet at the top of the condensing tower is connected with a tail gas treatment device.
The structure of the sealing device is shown in figure 2, the sealing device is arranged between the front sealing cover and the liner cylinder body and comprises a static ring and a dynamic ring, wherein the section of the static ring is in an inverted C shape and comprises a static connecting ring 10 and a static sealing ring 4 along the axial direction and an arc-shaped static supporting ring 2 positioned between the static connecting ring and the static sealing ring, the static connecting ring and the static supporting ring are connected into an integrated structure, and the static connecting ring is sleeved on the front sealing cover and is fixedly connected with the front sealing cover; the section of the movable ring is C-shaped, the movable ring comprises a movable connecting ring 1 and a movable sealing ring 9 along the axial direction, and an arc-shaped movable supporting ring 7 positioned between the movable connecting ring and the movable sealing ring, the movable connecting ring and the movable sealing ring are connected into an integrated structure, the end part of the movable connecting ring is provided with a positioning step 16 along the radial direction, and the positioning step is attached to the side wall of the liner cylinder and is fixed with the liner cylinder through a bolt 12; the static ring and the dynamic ring are inserted in a staggered mode, the static sealing ring is located between the dynamic connecting ring and the dynamic sealing ring, the dynamic sealing ring is located between the static connecting ring and the static sealing ring, the end portion of the static sealing ring is provided with a flow guide ring 6 inclined towards the dynamic sealing ring, the end portion of the dynamic sealing ring is provided with a flow interception ring 5 inclined towards the static sealing ring, and a zigzag sealing cavity 8 is formed among the static ring, the flow guide ring, the dynamic ring and the interception ring; more than one inclined sealing lip 3 is arranged on the outer circular surface of the static sealing ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic sealing ring, and the sealing lips are respectively in close contact sealing with the outer circular surface of the static connecting ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic connecting ring; the static ring and the dynamic ring of the sealing device are both provided with a framework 14, the frameworks are arranged by clinging to the outer circular surfaces of the static connecting ring and the static supporting ring, or the frameworks are arranged by clinging to the inner circular surfaces of the dynamic connecting ring and the dynamic supporting ring, and the end part of the sealing lip is clinged to the surface of the framework for sealing. Preferably, in the sealing device, two sealing lips are arranged on the outer circular surface of the static sealing ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic sealing ring, the two sealing lips are opposite in inclination direction and form a splayed structure with each other. One end of the static connecting ring close to the sealing cavity is provided with an oil slinger 13 with an L-shaped section, and the oil slinger is fixedly connected with the front sealing cover
The invention provides a rotary kiln roasting mercury smelting system taking lead-zinc smelting acid mud as a raw material, which has the following working principle and flow: (1) firstly, opening the spiral feeders of the discharge ports at the bottom of the acid sludge hopper and the lime hopper, adjusting the mass ratio of the lead-zinc smelting acid sludge to the quicklime by adjusting the rotating speed of the spiral feeders, and enabling the two materials to enter from the feed port of the stirring mixer and to be uniformly mixed in the stirring mixer. (2) And the mixed material enters a disc granulator and is granulated by the disc granulator, and dust generated in the rotary kiln smelting process can be reduced through granulation, so that mercury soot generation is reduced, the mercury activating rate is increased, and the direct mercury smelting yield is increased. (3) And opening the rotary kiln, feeding the granulated granular materials into the rotary kiln through a feeding hole in the feeding device and the front sealing cover, simultaneously opening a valve of the pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator, conveying oxygen into the rotary kiln, and controlling the feeding speed and the conveying amount of the oxygen according to the proportion of the materials. The one-way air valve arranged in the air inlet can prevent the gas in the rotary kiln from flowing backwards into the oxygen pipe from the interior of the kiln under the condition of abnormal pressure increase. Bearing swing joint is passed through with the front end of inner bag barrel to preceding closing cap, preceding closing cap can relative rotation with the inner bag barrel under the effect of bearing, preceding closing cap passes through sealing device with the inner bag barrel simultaneously and seals, sealing device can be under the prerequisite that does not influence relative pivoted, seal lubricating grease in the bearing and the gas in the rotary kiln (although be provided with negative pressure air exhaust device in this patent, but because negative pressure air exhaust device sets up at the tail end, consequently, the negative pressure seal nature effect of head end department is not enough, must be with the help of sealing device's sealing), the gas leakage in the leakage of grease and the rotary kiln has been avoided. (4) The rotary kiln adopts electrical heating at two sides and the bottom, the temperature is controlled to be about 650-700 ℃, and the rotary kiln operates in a negative pressure environment, which is about 0.9 standard atmospheric pressure. During the roasting process, selenide reacts with calcium oxide and the like to generate calcium selenite. The mercury escapes in the form of steam and is separated from the selenium after being condensed by a condensing system. The main equations involved in this process are:
HgSe+CaO+O2→Hg+CaSeO3
Hg(s)→Hg(g)
Se+CaO+O2→CaSeO3
MeSe+CaO+O2→MeSeO3(other selenides are oxidized)
(5) Because the rotary kiln is the slope setting, consequently along with the rotation of rotary kiln, the material is transmitted to the afterbody gradually, and enter into kiln hood, the inner bag barrel can rotate for kiln hood, it is sealed through the O type sealing washer between the two (O type sealing washer although sealing performance is general, but owing to be provided with the negative pressure air suction fan here, consequently the gas in the kiln hood can not leak from the junction of kiln hood and inner bag barrel), the material after the calcination discharges through the discharging device who installs in kiln hood bottom, the gas that the calcination produced gets into in the condensing tower through the negative pressure air suction pipe, negative pressure fan and the outlet duct on the top of gas collecting channel.
(6) The condensing temperature in the condensing tower is set to be 20-30 ℃, a condensing pipe is adopted for condensation, and the condensing mode is indirect cooling. The mercury recovery rate in the condensation process can reach 98 percent. Liquid metallic mercury and mercury soot obtained by condensation enter a lower water-sealed mercury collecting tank. The mercury is deposited at the bottom of the mercury collecting tank due to the high density of the mercury, so that the volatilization of the mercury into the atmosphere can be effectively reduced. The mercury soot is mainly composed of fine mercury beads, mine dust, oxides of arsenic and antimony, mercury sulfide, mercury sulfate, hydrocarbon, water and the like, and is a multi-phase system substance. And the condensed tail gas enters a tail gas treatment device for cleaning treatment.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an use rotary kiln roasting of lead zinc smelting acid mud as raw materials to smelt mercury system includes rotary kiln, feed arrangement, discharging device and condensing equipment at least, its characterized in that: the front end of the rotary kiln is provided with an acid sludge hopper, a lime hopper, a stirring mixer, a disc granulator, a feeding device and a pressure swing adsorption oxygenerator, the rear end of the rotary kiln is provided with a discharging device, a negative pressure fan, a condensing tower and a tail gas treatment device, wherein lead-zinc smelting acid sludge is stacked in the acid sludge hopper, quicklime is stacked in the lime hopper, discharge ports at the bottoms of the acid sludge hopper and the lime hopper are both positioned above a feed port of the stirring mixer, a discharge port of the stirring mixer is positioned above the disc granulator, and the disc granulator is connected with the feeding device;
the tail end of the rotary kiln is downwards inclined and arranged on the base, the rotary kiln comprises a front sealing cover, a tug, an inner container barrel, a driving device, a gear pair, a wheel belt, a heating sleeve and a kiln tail cover, wherein the front sealing cover is movably connected with the front end of the liner cylinder body and sealed by a sealing device, the front sealing cover and the liner cylinder body relatively rotate, the front sealing cover is provided with a feed inlet and an air inlet, the inside of the air inlet is provided with a one-way air valve, the feed inlet is connected with a discharge port of the feeding device, the air inlet is connected with an air outlet of the pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator through an oxygen pipe, two sets of wheel belts are arranged and are respectively installed at the head end and the tail end of the liner cylinder, two sets of tugboats are arranged corresponding to the wheel belts and are positioned below the wheel belts, the gear pair is installed on the liner cylinder and is connected with the driving device, and the driving device drives the liner cylinder to rotate on the tugboats through the gear pair; the heating sleeve is sleeved on the liner cylinder and heats the liner cylinder; the kiln tail hood is positioned at the tail end of the inner container barrel, the tail end of the inner container barrel extends into the kiln tail hood and can rotate relative to the kiln tail hood, the kiln tail hood and the kiln tail hood are sealed through an O-shaped sealing ring, the discharging device is installed at the bottom of the kiln tail hood, the top of the kiln tail hood is provided with a gas collecting hood, and the top end of the gas collecting hood is provided with a negative pressure air suction pipe; the sealing device is arranged between the front sealing cover and the liner cylinder body, comprises a static ring and a movable ring, wherein the section of the static ring is in an inverted C shape, and comprises a static connecting ring and a static sealing ring along the axial direction and an arc-shaped static supporting ring positioned between the static connecting ring and the static sealing ring; the section of the movable ring is C-shaped, the movable ring comprises a movable connecting ring and a movable sealing ring along the axial direction, and an arc-shaped movable supporting ring positioned between the movable connecting ring and the movable sealing ring, the movable connecting ring and the movable sealing ring are connected into an integral structure, the end part of the movable connecting ring is provided with a positioning step along the radial direction, and the positioning step is attached to the side wall of the liner cylinder and is fixed with the liner cylinder through a bolt; the static ring and the dynamic ring are inserted in a staggered mode, the static sealing ring is located between the dynamic connecting ring and the dynamic sealing ring, the dynamic sealing ring is located between the static connecting ring and the static sealing ring, the end portion of the static sealing ring is provided with a flow guide ring inclining towards the dynamic sealing ring, the end portion of the dynamic sealing ring is provided with a flow interception ring inclining towards the static sealing ring, and a zigzag labyrinth sealing cavity is formed among the static ring, the flow guide ring, the dynamic ring and the interception ring; more than one inclined sealing lip is arranged on the outer circular surface of the static sealing ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic sealing ring, and the sealing lips are respectively in close contact sealing with the outer circular surface of the static connecting ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic connecting ring;
the negative pressure fan is connected with a negative pressure air suction pipe arranged at the top end of the air collecting hood, an air outlet pipe of the negative pressure fan is connected with an air inlet of the condensing tower, the condensing tower is water-cooled, a water-sealed mercury collecting groove is formed in the bottom of the condensing tower, and an air outlet in the top of the condensing tower is connected with a tail gas treatment device.
2. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sealing device is characterized in that frameworks are arranged in the static ring and the dynamic ring of the sealing device, the frameworks are arranged in a manner of being tightly attached to the outer circular surfaces of the static connecting ring and the static supporting ring, or the frameworks are arranged in a manner of being tightly attached to the inner circular surfaces of the dynamic connecting ring and the dynamic supporting ring, and the end parts of the sealing lips are tightly attached to the surfaces of the frameworks for sealing.
3. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sealing device, two sealing lips are arranged on the outer circular surface of the static sealing ring and the inner circular surface of the dynamic sealing ring, the two sealing lips are opposite in inclination direction and form a splayed structure with each other.
4. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating sleeve adopts an electric heating mode, the heating sleeve is divided into three sections from head to tail, the heating temperature in each section is independently adjusted through the control cabinet, and a temperature sensor is arranged in each section.
5. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by using lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 4, characterized in that: heating areas are respectively arranged at the bottom and the front and the rear sides in the heating sleeve.
6. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the bottom discharge ports of the acid sludge hopper and the lime hopper are provided with spiral feeders, and the mass ratio of the lead-zinc smelting acid sludge to the quicklime is adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the spiral feeders.
7. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen pipe is provided with a pressure gauge and an adjusting valve, and the adjusting valve is used for adjusting the oxygen supply amount to the rotary kiln.
8. The system for roasting mercury in a rotary kiln by taking lead-zinc acid sludge as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator comprises an air compressor, a refrigeration dryer, a multi-stage filtering device, an air storage tank, an adsorption tower, an oxygen storage tank, pipelines for connecting all the components and valves arranged on the pipelines.
CN202110132645.0A 2021-01-31 2021-01-31 Rotary kiln roasting mercury smelting system using lead-zinc smelting acid mud as raw material Active CN113005306B (en)

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CN210890100U (en) * 2019-08-26 2020-06-30 江门市鑫辉密封科技有限公司 External radial multi-lip bidirectional Z-shaped sealing device
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