CN113003574A - Preparation method and application of porous material with high specific surface area - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of porous material with high specific surface area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113003574A CN113003574A CN202110373849.3A CN202110373849A CN113003574A CN 113003574 A CN113003574 A CN 113003574A CN 202110373849 A CN202110373849 A CN 202110373849A CN 113003574 A CN113003574 A CN 113003574A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N carbon disulfide-14c Chemical compound S=[14C]=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)C=C1 XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003547 Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000474 mercury oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Hg]=O UKWHYYKOEPRTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013636 polyphenyl ether polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/33—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from distillation residues of coal or petroleum; from petroleum acid sludge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a porous carbon material with high specific surface area by taking coal or heavy organic matters as raw materials through chemical crosslinking and a physical activation method, belonging to the technical field of materials. The method comprises the following steps: swelling coal or heavy organic matters by using a solvent, adding a cross-linking agent, reacting under the catalysis of Lewis acid to obtain a product A, washing by using the solvent, filtering, and drying to obtain a porous polymer; the porous polymer is prepared by reacting carbon dioxide, water vapor,And (3) carrying out activation treatment in the atmosphere of air or a mixture of the air and the air to obtain the porous carbon material. The porous polymer prepared by the invention has excellent thermal stability and can be applied to the field of heat-resistant materials; the specific surface area of the porous carbon material prepared by the invention can reach 2200m2g‑1The method can be applied to the fields of electrode materials of super capacitors, adsorption materials, catalyst carriers and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a porous material with a high specific surface area by utilizing coal or heavy organic matters through chemical crosslinking and physical activation and application.
Background
The porous carbon material has the advantages of high specific surface area, excellent physical and chemical stability, developed pore structure and the like, has wide and important application in the fields of adsorption, separation, catalysis, petrochemical industry, medical health and the like, becomes an essential important product in the production process of people's life and industry and agriculture, and is widely concerned in the industry.
Heretofore, methods for producing a porous carbon material mainly include an activation method and a template method. The template method is difficult to play a role in large-scale application due to the defects of long time consumption, complicated synthesis process, high cost and the like. Meanwhile, hydrofluoric acid or corrosive strong base is needed for removing the template, so that the environmental hazard is great. The activation method is the most common and mature technical route for preparing the porous carbon material at present, and is mainly divided into a chemical activation method and a physical activation method. The chemical activation method, especially the method adopting potassium hydroxide as an activating agent, has good pore-forming effect, and can etch a large number of micropores in a short time to obtain the porous carbon material with high specific surface area. Chinese patent CN108455604A discloses carboxyl asphalt-based porous carbon and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein carboxyl asphalt powder is mixed with KOH aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 20-40% and then is heated and activated in sections, and the specific surface area of the obtained porous carbon is 2249-3295 m2 g-1. Chinese patent CN102838105A discloses a preparation method of a hierarchical porous carbon material, which takes coal pitch as a carbon source, nano ferric oxide as a template and potassium hydroxide as an activating agent to prepare the hierarchical porous carbon material through high-temperature treatment, wherein the specific surface area is 1157-1330 m2 g-1The yield of the porous carbon is between 32.6 and 52.2 percent. Chinese patent CN101973542A discloses a preparation method of a porous carbon material for a supercapacitor, which takes petroleum coke or asphalt coke as a raw material and composite alkali metal hydroxide as an activating agent to prepare the porous carbon material by a two-stage activating process. The specific surface area of the porous carbon material obtained by the method is 1500-1800 m2 g-1The material used as the electrode material of the super capacitor has the characteristics of high capacity, high power, long cycle life and the like. However, these techniques for obtaining porous carbon having a high specific surface area use a large amount of potassium hydroxide, and require acid washing and water washing for post-treatment, which causes problems such as corrosion of equipment and environmental pollution. The physical activation method has simple process and can be clean and sustainable, but the conventional physical activation method has difficulty in obtaining the porous carbon material with high specific surface area. Therefore, research and development of a novel synthetic process route of a porous carbon material with simple and efficient structure, mild conditions, environmental friendliness, developed pore structure and high specific surface area is still an important subject to be researched urgently.
The porous polymer with high specific surface area and good chemical stability is widely applied in the fields of adsorption separation and the like. Among a plurality of functional porous polymers, the preparation of heat-resistant porous polymers is mainly prepared from high molecular polymers or block polymers such as epoxy resins, benzoxazine and the like; polyimide has very wide application in the aspects of insulating materials and heat-resistant film materials due to the unique performance of polyimide.
Chinese patent CN108794993A discloses a porous polymer material prepared by using epoxy resin, bismaleimide resin and polyphenyl ether as raw materials and utilizing different reaction capacities among different resin raw materials through diffusion pore-forming of unreacted resin in a reacted resin microgel aggregation process and pore-forming of resin curing shrinkage, wherein the porous polymer prepared by the patent can be used in the fields of insulation, heat insulation, controlled release, membrane adsorption separation, low dielectric property materials and the like when the temperature of 5 wt% of thermal weight loss is within the range of 250-295 ℃. Chinese patent CN110556496A discloses a high-safety composite diaphragm with high-temperature self-closing function, which is composed of a porous polyimide layer and a porous polymer coating, wherein the polyimide prepared by the patent is used as a base material, the heat-resistant temperature of the polyimide can reach 400 ℃, and the polyimide can be used for a lithium battery diaphragm. Chinese patent CN111533907A discloses a preparation method of heat-resistant polyimide molding powder containing benzimidazole structure, which is characterized in that diamine monomer containing benzimidazole structure and aromatic dianhydride monomer are firstly synthesized into polyamic acid with higher molecular weight in aprotic solvent, then catalyst and dehydrating agent are added into the polyamic acid, and then the polyamic acid is subjected to precipitation, washing and drying to obtain the heat-resistant polyimide molding powder containing benzimidazole structure, the temperature of 10% weight loss of the polyimide molding powder prepared by the patent is 590 ℃, the temperature of 20% weight loss is 630 ℃, and the carbon residue rate of 800 ℃ is 63%, thus indicating that the polyimide molding powder containing benzimidazole structure has excellent heat stability.
The coal-series heavy organic component has the advantages of wide source, low price, high carbon yield and the like, and the related research of preparing the porous carbon with high specific surface area and the heat-resistant porous polymer by taking the coal-series heavy organic component as the raw material through physical activation has important significance for the high added value utilization of the coal-series heavy organic matter.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a preparation method and an application of a porous polymer, a high specific surface area porous carbon material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following modes:
the invention provides a method for preparing a porous polymer and a porous carbon material with high specific surface area by using coal or heavy organic matters through chemical crosslinking and a physical activation method. The preparation method adopts coal or heavy organic matters as raw materials, and the raw materials are chemically cross-linked by a cross-linking agent through Friedel-crafts alkylation reaction under the catalysis of Lewis acid, the obtained cross-linked product is a porous polymer, and the porous polymer is subjected to simple gas activation to obtain the porous carbon material. The preparation method has low production cost and high yield, and the prepared porous polymer has good thermal stability; the prepared porous carbon material has high specific surface area.
A preparation method of a porous polymer mainly comprises the following steps:
adding crushed coal or heavy organic matters into a reaction solvent for swelling, adding a cross-linking agent, reacting for a certain time at a certain temperature under the catalysis of Lewis acid to obtain a solid product, and washing, filtering and drying to obtain a cross-linked product.
Further, the coal is selected from one of bituminous coal, anthracite, lignite or peat, the heavy organic matter is selected from coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, coal direct liquefaction residue and coal liquefaction pitch, and the coal direct liquefaction residue is preferred.
Further, the reaction solvent is one or more of carbon disulfide, nitrobenzene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, preferably 1, 2-dichloroethane.
Further, the cross-linking agent is one or more of dimethoxymethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, preferably dimethoxymethane.
Further, the lewis acid is one or more than two of boron trifluoride, anhydrous ferric chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous aluminum trichloride or anhydrous stannic chloride, and preferably is anhydrous ferric chloride.
Further, the washing solvent is one or more of methanol, ethanol, acetone, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, preferably ethanol and 1, 2-dichloroethane.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the coal or heavy organic matter to the cross-linking agent is 10: 3-30.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the coal or heavy organic matters to the catalyst is 1: 2-9.
Further, the reaction conditions are as follows: reacting for 0.5-30 h at 50-120 ℃.
Further, the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 12-24 h at 60-120 ℃.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a porous polymer prepared by the above method.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide the use of the above porous polymer in the field of preparing a heat-resistant material.
The invention provides a preparation method of a porous carbon material with high specific surface area, which mainly comprises the following steps:
and (2) heating the porous polymer obtained by the method to an activation temperature under inert gas, introducing activation gas for activation treatment, and cooling to room temperature under inert gas after activating for a certain time to obtain the porous carbon material.
Further, the inert gas is one of nitrogen, argon or helium; the activating gas is water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, air or their mixture, preferably carbon dioxide, water vapor or their mixture.
Further, the flow rate of the activating gas is 50-300 mL min-1。
Further, the activation conditions are as follows: the activation temperature is 500-1000 ℃, and the heating rate is 1-10 ℃ min-1The activation time is 1-10 h.
Further, the flow rate of the inert gas is 50-300 mL min-1。
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a porous carbon material prepared by the above method, wherein the porous carbon material has a high specific surface area.
The invention also provides the application of the porous carbon material.
Furthermore, the porous carbon material can be applied to the fields of electrode materials of super capacitors, adsorbing materials, catalyst carriers and the like.
Furthermore, the porous carbon material can be applied to electrode materials of electric double layer super capacitors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation method has the advantages of simple and efficient process, mild conditions, no need of strong acid and strong base reagents, avoidance of equipment corrosion and environmental pollution problems, high yield of the obtained material and easiness in large-scale production.
2. The porous polymer material is prepared by taking the coal-based heavy organic component as a raw material, is applied to the fields of heat insulation, adsorption separation and the like, and provides a new way for high value-added utilization of the coal-based heavy organic component on the basis of reducing the production cost of the process. Meanwhile, the coal and heavy organic matters have the advantages of wide sources, low price, high carbon yield and the like, are high-quality resources for preparing the porous carbon material with high specific surface area, and are suitable for large-scale application.
3. The porous polymer prepared by the method has high thermal stability, strong oxidation resistance and high carbon yield under inert atmosphere.
4. The preparation method can obtain the porous carbon material with high specific surface area (the specific surface area can reach 2200 m) by selecting and regulating preparation process parameters2 g-1) The method can be applied to the fields of electrode materials of super capacitors, adsorption materials and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to which the embodiments relate will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6, showing the microstructure of the porous carbon material.
Fig. 2 is a nitrogen adsorption/desorption curve of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6.
FIG. 3 is a DFT pore size distribution curve of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6.
FIG. 4 is a cyclic voltammogram of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6 in a 6M KOH electrolyte.
FIG. 5 is a curve of the AC impedance of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6 in 6M KOH electrolyte.
FIG. 6 is a constant current charge and discharge curve of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6 in 6M KOH electrolyte.
FIG. 7 is a mass-specific capacitance curve of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6 in 6M KOH electrolyte, as a function of current density.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the cycle life of the porous carbon material prepared in example 6 in a 6M KOH electrolyte.
Fig. 9 is a nitrogen thermogravimetric TG plot of the bituminous coal and bituminous coal porous polymer of example 2.
Fig. 10 is an air thermogravimetric TG plot of the bituminous coal and bituminous coal porous polymer of example 2.
Fig. 11 is an air thermogravimetric DTG plot of the bituminous coal and bituminous coal porous polymer of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and it is obvious that the examples in the following description are only some examples of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other similar examples without inventive exercise and falling into the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Dissolving 1.5g of heavy organic components in coal liquefaction residues in 50mL of 1, 2-dichloroethane at room temperature, adding 1.5g of dimethoxymethane and 6.5g of anhydrous ferric chloride to form a uniform mixture, placing the uniform mixture in a 250mL three-neck flask, and carrying out stirring reaction for 2h, 4h, 8h, 16h and 24h at 80 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a product A; washing the obtained product A with ethanol for 3 times, and drying in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 24h to obtain products B which are respectively marked as CLR-jl-2h, CLR-jl-4h, CLR-jl-8h, CLR-jl-16h and CLR-jl-24 h.
Example 2
Dissolving 1.5g of deashed bituminous coal in 50mL of 1, 2-dichloroethane at room temperature, adding 1.5g of dimethoxymethane and 6.5g of anhydrous ferric chloride to form a uniform mixture, placing the uniform mixture in a 250mL three-neck flask, and stirring and reacting for 24 hours at 80 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a product C; the resulting product C was washed 3 times with ethanol and dried in a vacuum oven at 80 ℃ for 24h to give porous polymer D designated BC-jl-24 h.
Example 3
Taking 1.0g of product CLR-jl-24h after 24h of crosslinking reaction, placing the product in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2Sequentially activating for 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h, and switching to 50mL min after the completion-1Cooling to room temperature in Ar atmosphere to obtain porous carbon materialThe main properties of the series of porous carbon materials are shown in Table 1, and the materials are marked as CLR-jl-24h-900-2h, CLR-jl-24h-900-3h, CLR-jl-24h-900-4h and CLR-jl-24h-900-5 h.
Example 4
Taking 1.0g of CLR-jl-2h product after the crosslinking reaction for 2h, placing the product in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2Activation for 4h, after completion, switching to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous carbon material, wherein the mark is CLR-jl-2h-900-4h, and the main properties of the porous carbon material are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
Taking 1.0g of CLR-jl-4h product after 4h of crosslinking reaction, placing the product in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2Activation for 4h, after completion, switching to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous carbon material, which is marked as CLR-jl-4h-900-4h, and the main properties of the porous carbon material are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
Taking 1.0g of CLR-jl-8h product after 8h of crosslinking reaction, placing the product in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2Activation for 4h, after completion, switching to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous carbon material, wherein the CLR-jl-8h-900-4h is marked, the main properties of the porous carbon material are shown in table 1, the transmission electron microscope chromatogram of the porous carbon material is shown in figure 1, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption curve of the porous carbon material is shown in figure 2, and the DFT pore size distribution curve of the porous carbon material is shown in figure 3.
Example 7
Taking 1.0g of product CLR-jl-16h after 16h of crosslinking reaction, placing the product in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1Rate of temperature rise ofHeating to 900 deg.C, and switching flow rate to 100mL min-1CO of2Activation for 4h, after completion, switching to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous carbon material, which is marked as CLR-jl-16h-900-4h, and the main properties of the porous carbon material are shown in Table 1.
Example 8
Taking 1.0g of product BC-jl-24h after 24h of crosslinking reaction, placing the product BC-jl-24h in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2After the activation for 2h, the time is switched to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature in Ar atmosphere to obtain the porous carbon material, wherein the mark is BC-jl-24h-900-2h, and the specific surface area data is shown in Table 1.
Example 9
Taking 1.0g of product BC-jl-24h after 24h of crosslinking reaction, placing the product BC-jl-24h in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2Activation for 4h, after completion, switching to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature in Ar atmosphere to obtain the porous carbon material, wherein the mark is BC-jl-24h-900-4h, and the specific surface area data is shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
Taking 1.0g of heavy organic components in the coal liquefaction residues, placing the heavy organic components in a tubular furnace for 50mL min-1In an Ar atmosphere at 5 ℃ for min-1The temperature rise rate is sequentially increased to 900 ℃, and the flow rate is switched to 100mL min-1CO of2Activation for 4h, after completion, switching to 50mL min-1Cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous carbon material, which is marked as CLR-900-4h, and the main properties of the porous carbon material are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 specific surface area of porous carbon materials of examples 3-9 and comparative example 1
| Sample name | Specific surface area (m)2 g-1) |
| CLR-900-4h | 209 |
| CLR-jl-2h-900-4h | 922 |
| CLR-jl-4h-900-4h | 1431 |
| CLR-jl-8h-900-4h | 2179 |
| CLR-jl-16h-900-4h | 1219 |
| CLR-jl-24h-900-5h | 2079 |
| CLR-jl-24h-900-4h | 2094 |
| CLR-jl-24h-900-3h | 1716 |
| CLR-jl-24h-900-2h | 1317 |
| BC-jl-24h-900-2h | 2060 |
| BC-jl-24h-900-4h | 2160 |
Example 10
The sample prepared in example 6, polytetrafluoroethylene and conductive carbon black were dispersed in a small amount of ethanol at a mass ratio of 8:1:1, thoroughly mixed, rolled into a sheet, and cut into a wafer having a diameter of about 10 mm. The obtained wafer and nickel wire are placed between two pieces of foamed nickel to manufacture a test electrode. The electrochemical performance of the material is tested by using an electrochemical workstation CHI660D, the test items mainly comprise cyclic voltammetry test, constant current charge and discharge test, alternating current impedance test and cyclic stability test, and the test adopts a three-electrode system: the prepared electrode is a working electrode, the Pt electrode is a counter electrode, and the mercury/mercury oxide electrode is a reference electrode. The voltage range is-1 to 0V, and the electrolyte is 6mol L-1KOH solution of (a).
Fig. 4 shows cyclic voltammograms at different sweep rates, with good squareness, indicating that the material prepared according to the present invention has good double layer properties. Fig. 5 shows an ac impedance spectrum with a smaller half circle in the high frequency region indicating a lower charge transfer resistance of the material and a larger slope in the low frequency region indicating a lower diffusion resistance of the material. The current density shown in FIG. 6 was 50mA g-1The curve shows a good isosceles triangle, which indicates that the material prepared by the invention has good double electric layer characteristics, and the specific capacitance value of the calculated material is 157F g-1. The curve of specific capacitance with current density is shown in FIG. 7 at 2A g-1At a current density of 85F g, the capacitance value-1. FIG. 8 shows that the current density is 0.1A g-1The capacity retention rate of the time cycle life curve after 3000 cycles is about 90%.
Example 11
Placing the porous polymer sample BC-jl-24h prepared in the example 2 into a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively heating in the atmosphere of nitrogen and air, and controlling the heating rate at 10 ℃ for min-1The thermal stability of the porous polymer prepared in example 2 was evaluated.
As can be seen from the TG curve in a nitrogen atmosphere in the attached figure 9, the bituminous coal porous polymer obtained after the hypercrosslinking reaction has stronger thermal stability, the thermal decomposition temperature is 490 ℃ when the thermal weight loss is 5%, the thermal decomposition temperature is 580 ℃ when the thermal weight loss is 10%, and the carbon yield of the bituminous coal porous polymer is 81.28% when the temperature is 800 ℃.
As can be seen from the TG curve in the air atmosphere shown in the attached figure 10, compared with the raw material bituminous coal, the bituminous coal porous polymer obtained through the hypercrosslinking reaction has better oxidation stability, and when the thermal weight loss is 10 wt%, the temperature is increased from 291 ℃ to 372 ℃.
As can be seen from the DTG curve in fig. 11 in the air atmosphere, the maximum weight loss temperature of the bituminous coal porous polymer obtained after the hypercrosslinking reaction is increased from 360 ℃ to 480 ℃ compared with the raw bituminous coal, which indicates that the bituminous coal porous polymer obtained by the preparation has better thermal stability.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a porous polymer is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
adding coal or heavy organic matters into a reaction solvent for swelling, adding a cross-linking agent, reacting for a certain time at a certain temperature under the catalysis of Lewis acid to obtain a solid product, washing, filtering and drying to obtain a cross-linked product;
the coal is selected from one or more than two of bituminous coal, anthracite, lignite or peat, and the heavy organic matters are selected from coal pitch, petroleum pitch, direct coal liquefaction residue and coal liquefaction pitch; the reaction solvent is one or more than two of carbon disulfide, nitrobenzene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride; the cross-linking agent is one or more than two of dimethoxymethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride; the Lewis acid is one or more than two of boron trifluoride, anhydrous ferric trichloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous aluminum trichloride or anhydrous stannic chloride; the washing solvent is one or more than two of methanol, ethanol, acetone, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction solvent is 1, 2-dichloroethane; the cross-linking agent is dimethoxymethane; the Lewis acid is anhydrous ferric trichloride; the washing solvent is ethanol or 1, 2-dichloroethane.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the coal or heavy organic matter to the crosslinking agent is 10: 3-30; the mass ratio of the coal or heavy organic matter to the catalyst is 1: 2-9; the reaction conditions are as follows: reacting for 0.5-30 h at 50-120 ℃; the drying conditions are as follows: drying for 12-24 h at 60-120 ℃.
4. A porous polymer produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The preparation method of the porous carbon material with high specific surface area is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
heating the porous polymer of claim 4 to an activation temperature under an inert gas, introducing an activation gas for activation, and cooling to room temperature under the inert gas after activating for a certain time to obtain the porous carbon material.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the inert gas is one of nitrogen, argon, or helium; the activating gas is water vapor, carbon dioxide, oxygen, air or a mixed gas thereof, preferably carbon dioxide, water vapor or a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor;
the flow rate of the activating gas is 50-300 mL min-1(ii) a The activation conditions are as follows: the activation temperature is 500-1000 ℃, and the heating rate is 1-10 ℃ min-1The activation time is 1-10 h; the flow rate of the inert gas is 50-300 mL min-1。
7. A porous carbon material with high specific surface area, which is prepared by the preparation method of claim 5 or 6.
8. Use of the porous polymer according to claim 4 for the preparation of a heat resistant material.
9. Use of the high specific surface area porous carbon material of claim 7 in the preparation of supercapacitors, adsorbent materials and catalyst supports.
10. Use according to claim 9, wherein the supercapacitor is an electric double layer supercapacitor.
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