CN113001307B

CN113001307B - Burring device for crankshaft hole

Info

Publication number: CN113001307B
Application number: CN202110229037.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛飞; 王鸣; 陈龙
Original assignee: SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Co Ltd
Current assignee: SAIC Volkswagen Automotive Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-02
Filing date: 2021-03-02
Publication date: 2022-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-02
Also published as: CN113001307A

Abstract

The invention provides a crankshaft hole deburring device which extends into a crankshaft hole to remove burrs generated in the crankshaft hole in the boring process, and comprises a cylindrical shell, wherein a circle of strip-shaped brush holes are formed in the surface of the front end of the shell along the circumferential direction; two clamping rings are arranged on the inner wall of the shell at intervals in the front and back directions, the rear end of the guide rod penetrates through the two clamping rings, a convex ring positioned between the two clamping rings is fixed on the guide rod, and an elastic reset mechanism is arranged between the convex ring and the front clamping ring; a compression ring capable of axially sliding is arranged between the convex ring and the rear clamping ring, a steel ball is arranged between the compression ring and the rear clamping ring, and the steel ball is abutted against the outer diameter of the guide rod. The invention can remove the burrs in the hole with high quality and high efficiency, and has simple structure and lower cost.

Description

Burring device for crankshaft hole

Technical Field

The invention relates to production and manufacturing of an engine, in particular to a deburring device for a crankshaft hole.

Background

The crankshaft hole of the engine cylinder body is provided with 5 grades of supports for supporting the crankshaft to do rotary motion under the reciprocating action of the connecting rod piston. The crankshaft hole of the cylinder body adopts a process route of 'rough boring, semi-fine boring, fine boring and honing'. The end surface and the oil groove of each support can generate problems of flanging, burrs and the like in the boring process. After assembly, the crankshaft rotates at a high speed in the cylinder body, under the washing of engine oil, the burrs fall off to cause the crankshaft neck to be napped, and the engine can be seriously or even be seized, so that the safety of the automobile in running is reduced to a certain extent.

In the prior art, in order to take out burrs of a crankshaft hole, the following solutions are generally adopted:

1. and (5) cleaning the burr part by using a high-pressure spray head of a cleaning machine. The disadvantages are that: because the oil groove in the crankshaft hole is far away, the position is inconvenient to spray, and the beat of the cleaning machine is short, the burr removing effect of the scheme is not ideal.

2. The method for removing burrs by anodic dissolution by using electric energy and chemical energy. The disadvantages are that: the electrolyte has certain corrosivity, the part burr nearby also receives the electrolysis, the surface can lose original gloss, even influence size precision, the work piece burring must be at once through washing and rust-resistant processing, has additionally increased production processes.

3. The burrs were removed by mechanical friction with a brush. The disadvantages are that: just must follow the brush head of changing after the steel wire wearing and tearing of fixed brush, the durability of brush is very low needs frequent shut down to influence the production beat, uses in addition, and the cost of fixed brush is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a crankshaft hole deburring cutter capable of automatically compensating, which can remove burrs in holes with high quality and high efficiency, and the specific scheme is as follows:

a deburring device for a crankshaft hole, which extends into the crankshaft hole and rotates to remove burrs generated in the crankshaft hole during a boring process,

the crankshaft hole deburring device comprises a cylindrical shell, a circle of strip-shaped brush holes are formed in the surface of the front end of the shell along the circumferential direction, a circle of cleaning brushes are arranged at the front end of the inner part of the shell, guide rods which axially slide are arranged in the shell, and the cleaning brushes are driven by the guide rods which slide forwards to move radially to extend out of the brush holes to the surface of the shell;

two clamping rings are arranged on the inner wall of the shell at intervals in the front-back direction, the rear end of the guide rod penetrates through the two clamping rings, a convex ring positioned between the two clamping rings is fixed on the guide rod, and an elastic reset mechanism is arranged between the convex ring and the front clamping ring;

a compression ring capable of axially sliding is arranged between the convex ring and the rear clamping ring, a steel ball is arranged between the compression ring and the rear clamping ring, and the steel ball is abutted against the outer diameter of the guide rod;

the press ring is stressed and then slides forwards, the guide rod is driven by the convex ring to slide forwards, the press ring returns back under the action of the elastic reset mechanism after losing external force so as to clamp the steel ball between the press ring and the rear clamp ring, and the guide rod is radially limited by the steel ball.

Furthermore, a conical top block is fixed at the front end of the guide rod, the diameter of the front end surface of the conical top block is smaller than that of the rear end surface, a circle of strip-shaped clamping grooves are arranged on the circumferential inclined surface of the conical top block,

the bottom of each cleaning brush is provided with an inclined block embedded in the clamping groove, and the guide rod drives the conical ejector block to slide forwards, so that the cleaning brushes slide backwards in the clamping grooves and extend out of the brush holes.

Furthermore, each cleaning brush is a row of nylon bristles fixed on the inclined block, the diameter of the nylon bristles is 0.5-0.7 mm, the distance between the nylon bristles is 0.8-1 mm, and the maximum height extending out of the shell is 2.1 mm.

Further, a section of axial backstop ratchet is arranged on the outer diameter of the guide rod;

the side wall of the shell is provided with a threaded hole which is inclined towards the inner rear part, an adjusting screw is arranged in the threaded hole, the bottom of the adjusting screw is fixed with a backstop elastic sheet, and the bottom of the backstop elastic sheet is meshed with the backstop ratchet.

Further, the angle of the retaining ratchet is 60 degrees plus or minus 0.1 degrees.

Furthermore, a section of shallow groove is formed in the outer diameter of the guide rod, an anti-rotation pin is mounted on the side wall of the shell, penetrates through the side wall of the shell and abuts against the inside of the shallow groove.

Furthermore, the convex ring is a rubber ring which is relatively fixed and sleeved on the guide rod.

Furthermore, an annular steel ball retainer sleeved on the guide rod is arranged between the compression ring and the rear clamping ring, and a plurality of steel ball clamping grooves are formed in the annular steel ball retainer and used for fixing the steel balls.

Furthermore, the pressing ring and the rear clamping ring are abutted to the surface of the other side, away from the guide rod, of the steel ball, and the contact surfaces of the pressing ring and the rear clamping ring and the steel ball are inclined planes.

Furthermore, an annular tool shank is fixed at the rear end of the shell, and a machine tool spindle clamps the tool shank and drives the deburring device extending into the crankshaft hole to rotate so as to remove burrs.

Furthermore, a rear end cover is arranged on the rear side of the shell, and a conduit communicated with the interior of the shell is arranged on the rear end cover;

a piston plate located between the rear end cover and the pressing ring is arranged in the shell in a sealing sliding mode, and the front end face of the piston plate is fixedly connected with the pressing ring through a plurality of connecting rods.

Further, emulsion sprayed in the boring process enters the shell through the guide pipe so as to drive the piston plate and the compression ring to slide forwards.

Furthermore, a pressure relief hole is formed in the side wall of the rear portion of the shell, and after the piston plate slides forwards to the maximum stroke, redundant emulsion entering the shell overflows through the pressure relief hole.

Furthermore, the shell is formed by sequentially connecting a brush sleeve, a guide rod sleeve and a pressure ring sleeve in a threaded manner from front to back;

the front end of the brush sleeve is provided with a front end cover, the cleaning brush is arranged in the brush sleeve, and the front end of the cleaning brush is abutted against the end surface of the inner side of the front end cover.

Further, the elastic reset mechanism is a spring.

Compared with the existing solutions in the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the structure is simple by adopting a pure mechanical mechanism without a power source.

2. The reliability is good, the failure rate is low, and the maintenance is easy.

3. Low cost, long service life, less time for replacing and stopping machine, and greatly improved starting rate of equipment.

4. The burr removing effect is good.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a view showing an external shape of a deburring apparatus for a crank hole according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the crankshaft bore deburring apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the crankshaft bore deburring apparatus, showing two partial enlarged views;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion I of FIG. 3, showing the surface of the guide rod having serrations and cooperating with the anti-backup spring plate;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the portion II in FIG. 3, and a schematic view of the pressing ring and the rear clamping ring clamping the steel ball;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the ball retainer;

FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a tapered top block and its surface cleaning brush;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the conical top block not sliding forward to the farthest stroke, but with the brush on the surface not fully inserted into the slot of the conical top block;

fig. 12 shows the forward sliding of the tapered top piece to the furthest extent to fully insert the brush into the slot in its surface and extend the brush to the outer surface of the brush casing.

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.

Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a crankshaft hole deburring apparatus that extends into a crankshaft hole and rotates to remove burrs generated in the crankshaft hole during a boring process, in operation. The deburring device for the crankshaft hole comprises a cylindrical shell 22, a circle of strip-shaped brush holes are formed in the surface of the front end of the shell 22 along the circumferential direction, a circle of cleaning brushes 2 are mounted at the front end inside the shell 22, a guide rod 9 which slides axially is mounted inside the shell 22, and the cleaning brushes 2 are driven by the guide rod 9 which slides forwards to move radially to extend out of the brush holes to the surface of the shell 22. Two snap rings are arranged on the inner wall of the shell 22 at intervals in the front and back direction, the rear end of the guide rod 9 penetrates through the two snap rings, a convex ring 10 positioned between the two snap rings is fixed on the guide rod 9, and an elastic reset mechanism 18 (preferably a spring) is arranged between the convex ring 10 and the front snap ring 22-1. A press ring 17 capable of axially sliding is arranged between the convex ring 10 and the rear snap ring 22-2, a steel ball 11 is arranged between the press ring 17 and the rear snap ring 22-2, and the steel ball 11 is abutted against the outer diameter of the guide rod 9.

The working principle of the invention is briefly described as follows: the tail end of the deburring device extending into the crankshaft hole is clamped by a clamping device. After being stressed, the pressing ring 17 axially slides forwards in the shell 22 and drives the guide rod 9 to slide forwards through the convex ring 10, and the guide rod 9 drives the cleaning brush 2 to radially move to extend out of the brush hole to the surface of the shell 22. Then the clamping device drives the deburring device to rotate, and the cleaning brush 2 is used for removing burrs of the crankshaft hole. After the external force of the pressure ring 17 is lost, the pressure ring 17 is retracted backwards under the action of the elastic resetting mechanism 18 so as to clamp the steel ball 11 between the pressure ring 17 and the rear snap ring 22-2, and the guide rod 9 is limited radially by the steel ball 11, so that the guide rod 9 is kept at the position after the front extension.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 9-12, a conical top block 5 is fixed at the front end of a guide rod 9, the conical top block 5 penetrates through the guide rod 9 and is fixed by a nut 3, the diameter of the front end face of the conical top block 5 is smaller than that of the rear end face, and a circle of strip-shaped clamping grooves 5-1 are arranged on the circumferential inclined plane of the conical top block 5; the bottom of each cleaning brush 2 is provided with an inclined block 2-1 embedded in the clamping groove, and the guide rod 9 drives the conical top block 5 to slide forwards, so that the cleaning brush 2 slides backwards in the clamping groove and extends out of the brush hole, and the process is shown in figures 11-12. Optionally, each cleaning brush 2 is a row of nylon bristles fixed on the inclined block 2-1, the diameter of the nylon bristles is 0.5-0.7 mm, the distance between the nylon bristles is 0.8-1 mm, and the maximum height extending from the housing 22 is 2.1mm (i.e., the distance between the top end of the nylon bristles and the outer surface of the side wall of the housing 22).

In an alternative embodiment, an annular steel ball retainer 16 sleeved on the guide rod 9 is arranged between the pressing ring 17 and the rear clamping ring 22-2, and a plurality of steel ball clamping grooves 16-1 are arranged on the annular steel ball retainer 16 and used for fixing each steel ball 11, as shown in fig. 8. The function of the annular steel ball retainer 16 is that when the press ring 17 and the rear snap ring 22-2 release the steel balls 11, the annular steel ball retainer 16 keeps a plurality of steel balls 11 always positioned on the same circle. Preferably, the inner ring of the annular steel ball retainer 16 is provided with a plurality of notches corresponding to the steel ball clamping grooves 16-1, so that the steel ball clamping grooves 16-1 are communicated with the inner hole of the annular steel ball retainer 16, and the steel ball 11 can abut against the side wall of the guide rod 9. In addition, a circle of grooves 9-2 (as shown in fig. 7) are formed in the outer diameter of the guide rod 9, when the steel ball 11 is clamped between the pressing ring 17 and the rear clamping ring 22-2, the steel ball 11 is just clamped on the grooves 9-2, the radial limiting force applied by the steel ball 11 to the guide rod 9 can be further improved, and the guide rod 9 can be held tightly.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the pressing ring 17 and the rear snap ring 22-2 are abutted against the other side surface of the steel ball 11 away from the guide rod 9, and the contact surfaces of the pressing ring 17 and the rear snap ring 22-2 with the steel ball 11 are inclined surfaces, so that the steel ball 11 can be tightly clamped, and the guide rod 9 can be radially held.

In an alternative embodiment, the guide rod 9 is provided with a backstop mechanism to prevent the guide rod 9 from backing back after losing the pushing force from the pressing ring 17, so that the guide rod 9 can only move forwards in one direction. In order to achieve the above purpose, with reference to fig. 3 and 5, the retaining mechanism adopts the following structure: a section of axial backstop ratchet 9-1 is arranged on the outer diameter of the guide rod 9; a threaded hole 21 (as shown in fig. 1) which is inclined towards the inner rear is formed in the side wall of the shell 22, an adjusting screw 7 is installed in the threaded hole 21, a backstop elastic sheet 8 is fixed at the bottom of the adjusting screw 7, and the bottom of the backstop elastic sheet 8 is meshed with the backstop ratchet 9-1. The invention can realize the one-way axial movement of the guide rod 9 by means of the retaining mechanism and the steel ball 11, realize the radial limit self-locking of the guide rod 9, and ensure that the cleaning brush 2 is always kept in an exposed state even if external force is lost. Alternatively, the angle of the backstop ratchet is 60 ° ± 0.1 °.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a shallow groove is provided on the outer diameter of the guide rod 9, and an anti-rotation pin 19 is mounted on the sidewall of the housing 22, and the anti-rotation pin 19 penetrates through the sidewall of the housing 22 and abuts against the shallow groove. The guide rod 9 can be radially locked by the anti-rotation pin 19, and the guide rod 9 is prevented from rotating.

In an alternative embodiment, the protruding ring 10 is a rubber ring that is fixed relative to the guide rod 9. In another embodiment, the protruding ring 10 may also be a protruding ring provided integrally with the guide rod 9.

In an alternative embodiment, an annular shank 14 is secured to the rear end of the housing 22, and the machine spindle grips the shank 14 and rotates a deburring device that extends into the crankshaft bore to remove burrs. The knife handle 14 is provided with a notch, so that the main shaft of the machine tool can be more stably clamped conveniently and the deburring device can be driven to rotate.

In an alternative embodiment, the rear side of the housing 22 is provided with a rear end cap provided with a conduit 15 leading to the interior of the housing 22; the piston plate 13 positioned between the rear end cover and the press ring 17 is arranged in the shell 22 in a sealing sliding mode, and the front end face of the piston plate 13 is fixedly connected with the press ring 17 through a plurality of connecting rods 13-1 (the rear snap ring 22-2 is provided with a hole for the connecting rod 13-1 to penetrate through). In the boring process, the emulsion which is continuously sprayed is required to cool and clean the workpiece, the deburring device does not need an additional power source, and the sprayed high-pressure emulsion is used as a power source for driving the piston plate 13 in the deburring device: the injected high-pressure emulsion enters the housing 22 through the conduit 15 to drive the piston plate 13 to slide forward, and since the pressing ring 17 is fixedly installed at the front end of the piston plate 13, the pressing ring 17 and the piston plate 13 move synchronously, thereby finally driving the guide rod 9 to slide and extending the cleaning brush 2 to the surface of the housing 22. Preferably, a pressure relief hole 20 (as shown in fig. 1 and 2) is formed in a rear side wall of the housing 22, and after the piston plate 13 slides forward to a maximum stroke, excess emulsion entering the housing 22 overflows through the pressure relief hole 20 to ensure internal pressure balance of the housing 22. The device adopts a pure mechanical mechanism without a power source, and has the advantages of simple integral structure, low failure rate and low use cost.

In an alternative embodiment, the outer shell 22 is formed by sequentially assembling the brush sleeve 4, the guide rod sleeve 6 and the press ring sleeve 12 in a threaded manner from front to back, so that the assembly and disassembly are convenient, and the replacement and maintenance of internal parts are also convenient. The front snap ring 22-1 is arranged in the guide rod sleeve 6, and the rear snap ring 22-2 is arranged in the pressure ring sleeve 12. Wherein, install front end housing 1 at brush cover 4 front end, cleaning brush 2 is installed in brush cover 4, and cleaning brush 2 front end butt is in the medial extremity terminal surface of front end housing 1.

The above description is of the preferred embodiment of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, in that devices and structures not described in detail are understood to be implemented in a manner common in the art; those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the spirit of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.

Claims

1. A deburring device for a crankshaft hole is characterized in that the deburring device for the crankshaft hole extends into the crankshaft hole and rotates to remove burrs generated in the process of boring the crankshaft hole,

the crankshaft hole deburring device comprises a cylindrical shell (22), a circle of strip-shaped brush holes are formed in the surface of the front end of the shell (22) along the circumferential direction, a circle of cleaning brushes (2) are mounted at the front end inside the shell (22), a guide rod (9) which slides axially is mounted inside the shell (22), and the cleaning brushes (2) are driven by the guide rod (9) which slides forwards to move radially to extend out of the brush holes to the surface of the shell (22);

two clamping rings are arranged on the inner wall of the shell (22) at intervals in the front-back direction, the rear end of the guide rod (9) penetrates through the two clamping rings, a convex ring (10) positioned between the two clamping rings is fixed on the guide rod (9), and an elastic resetting mechanism (18) is arranged between the convex ring (10) and the front clamping ring (22-1);

a compression ring (17) capable of axially sliding is arranged between the convex ring (10) and the rear clamping ring (22-2), a steel ball (11) is arranged between the compression ring (17) and the rear clamping ring (22-2), and the steel ball (11) is abutted against the outer diameter of the guide rod (9);

the press ring (17) slides forwards after being stressed and drives the guide rod (9) to slide forwards through the convex ring (10), the press ring (17) retracts under the action of the elastic resetting mechanism (18) after losing external force so as to clamp the steel ball (11) between the press ring (17) and the rear snap ring (22-2), and the guide rod (9) is limited in the radial direction through the steel ball (11);

the cleaning brush is characterized in that a conical ejector block (5) is fixed to the front end of a guide rod (9), the diameter of the front end face of the conical ejector block (5) is smaller than that of the rear end face of the conical ejector block, a circle of strip-shaped clamping grooves (5-1) are formed in the circumferential inclined plane of the conical ejector block (5), an inclined block (2-1) embedded in the clamping groove (5-1) is arranged at the bottom of each cleaning brush (2), the guide rod (9) drives the conical ejector block (5) to slide forwards, and the cleaning brushes (2) slide backwards in the clamping grooves (5-1) and extend out of brush holes.

2. The burring apparatus of claim 1, wherein each cleaning brush (2) is a row of bristles fixed to the swash block (2-1), the bristles having a diameter of 0.5 to 0.7mm and a pitch of 0.8 to 1mm, and a maximum height of 2.1mm extending from the inside of the housing (22).

3. A deburring device for crankshaft bores as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a length of axial backstop ratchet teeth (9-1) is provided on the outer diameter of said guide rod (9);

the side wall of the shell (22) is provided with a threaded hole (21) which is inclined towards the inner rear part, an adjusting screw (7) is installed in the threaded hole (21), a backstop elastic sheet (8) is fixed at the bottom of the adjusting screw (7), and the bottom of the backstop elastic sheet (8) is meshed with the backstop ratchet (9-1).

4. Device for deburring crankshaft bore according to claim 3, characterized in that the angle of the retaining ratchet (9-1) is 60 ° ± 0.1 °.

5. A device for deburring a crankshaft bore according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that a shallow groove is provided on the outer diameter of the guide rod (9), and an anti-rotation pin (19) is mounted on the side wall of the housing (22), the anti-rotation pin (19) penetrating the side wall of the housing (22) and abutting in the shallow groove.

6. The crankshaft bore deburring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said nose ring (10) is a relatively fixed rubber ring which is fitted over the guide rod (9).

7. The deburring device for the crankshaft hole as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an annular steel ball retainer (16) sleeved on the guide rod (9) is arranged between the pressure ring (17) and the rear snap ring (22-2), and a plurality of steel ball clamping grooves (16-1) for fixing the steel ball (11) are arranged on the annular steel ball retainer (16).

8. The burring device of claim 1 or 7, characterized in that the pressure ring (17) and the rear snap ring (22-2) abut against the other side surface of the steel ball (11) away from the guide rod (9), and the contact surfaces of the pressure ring (17) and the rear snap ring (22-2) with the steel ball (11) are inclined surfaces.

9. A deburring apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein an annular shank (14) is secured to the rear end of said housing (22), said shank (14) being gripped by a machine spindle to rotate said deburring apparatus extending into the crankshaft bore to remove burrs.

10. A deburring apparatus as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that a rear end cover is provided on the rear side of the casing (22), the rear end cover being provided with a conduit (15) leading to the inside of the casing (22);

a piston plate (13) located between the rear end cover and the pressing ring (17) is arranged in the shell (22) in a sealing sliding mode, and the front end face of the piston plate (13) is fixedly connected with the pressing ring (17) through a plurality of connecting rods (13-1).

11. The deburring apparatus for crankshaft bores as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the emulsion injected during the boring process enters the housing (22) through the conduit (15) to drive the piston plate (13) and the pressure ring (17) to slide forward.

12. A deburring device for crankshaft holes as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that a pressure relief hole (20) is formed in the rear side wall of said housing (22), and excess emulsion entering into said housing (22) overflows through said pressure relief hole (20) after said piston plate (13) slides forward to the maximum stroke.

13. The deburring device for the crankshaft hole as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the housing (22) is formed by sequentially connecting a brush sleeve (4), a guide rod sleeve (6) and a pressure ring sleeve (12) in a threaded manner from front to back;

the front end of the brush sleeve (4) is provided with a front end cover (1), the cleaning brush (2) is arranged in the brush sleeve (4), and the front end of the cleaning brush (2) is abutted to the end surface of the inner side of the front end cover (1).

14. Device for deburring a crankshaft bore according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic return means (18) is a spring.