CN113001182B - Combined cutter, device and method for forming array structure fins - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined cutter, a device and a method for forming fins with an array structure. The combined cutter comprises a cutting tool and a limiting tool, and a cylindrical workpiece is processed by utilizing a colter and a limiting block of the limiting tool and a cutting edge and a rake face of the cutting tool; the coulter plows a plurality of parallel continuous grooves on the chips, materials among the grooves are accumulated into a fin prototype positioned on the upper part of the chips, the cutting edge cuts continuous chips, the continuous fin prototype is formed into a periodic wavy shape in an extrusion area between the limiting block and the rake face according to the accumulation-damage principle, and the three-dimensional structure fin can be manufactured through the combined cutter. The device comprises the combined cutter and the vibrator, the vibrator drives the combined cutter to vibrate in a reciprocating mode along the feeding direction, unstable self-excited vibration is changed into stable forced vibration, the period of a stacking-destroying state of cutting scraps is shortened, the forming period of the fins is relatively stable, the fins are in a needle-shaped structure, and the heat exchange performance is high.

Description

Combined cutter, device and method for forming array structure fins

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fin manufacturing, in particular to a combined cutter, a device and a method for forming fins with an array structure.

Background

Heat transfer technology is an important technology in the field of energy and power, and particularly, with the continuous development of low-temperature processing technology and portable electronic equipment, the requirement of heat transfer performance in a local space is continuously improved. In the technical field of surface enhanced heat exchange, various surface array structures including needle-shaped array structures are proved to have excellent heat exchange performance, compared with the traditional smooth surface and groove-shaped continuous fin surface, the heat exchange performance can be improved by more than 20%, and the advantages are more obvious along with the application of technologies such as enhanced convection and the like.

However, current surface array structure applications suffer from fabrication bottlenecks; when the integral structure is larger, the surface array structure can be prepared by welding or machining and other preparation methods with lower cost; when the size of the array unit is reduced to about 1-2 mm, the two processing methods are no longer applicable. Moreover, the special structure of the surface array structure makes the traditional material reduction manufacturing and plastic deformation processing lack clear processing ideas, and the intermittent processing steps are complicated, and the forming capability is insufficient. If the advanced technology of preparing laboratory samples in small batches such as precision/micro machining or additive manufacturing is used instead, the production cost is increased by tens of times, and the production efficiency is difficult to improve, so that the preparation cost of the surface array structure of 1mm or less is far higher than the performance advantage of the surface array structure.

In the existing small microstructure fin preparation technology, the following defects exist: the fin structure prepared by the cross-plowing series technology has larger bottom layer thickness, and simultaneously the unit structure is in a conical structure with a large bottom and a small top, the bottom channel has smaller volume, and the flowing space of the heat exchange medium is limited. The extrusion cutting forming technology can only prepare the groove-shaped fin, the thickness of the bottom layer structure is larger, the depth-to-width ratio of the fin structure is smaller, and the material utilization rate is not high. The plowing, extruding, cutting and forming technology effectively reduces the thickness ratio of the bottom layer and increases the depth-to-width ratio of the fin structure, but can only prepare two-dimensional groove-shaped fins.

If the above technical problems cannot be solved, the research results of the surface array structure will be limited to the laboratory, and more researches on the surface array structure are staying at the analog simulation level.

Therefore, there is a real and urgent need to develop efficient and low-cost manufacturing equipment and method for surface array structure.

Disclosure of Invention

A first object of the present invention is to provide a gang tool for forming fins in an array structure, so as to solve one or more technical problems in the prior art, and to provide at least one useful choice or creation.

In addition, the invention also aims to provide a device for forming the fins in the array structure.

In addition, the invention also aims to provide a method for forming the fins with the array structure.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the invention provides a combined cutter for forming fins with an array structure, which comprises:

a knife handle;

a cutting tool connected to the shank; the cutting tool comprises a cutting tool body, a cutting edge and a rake face; the cutting edge inclination angle of the cutting edge is 0 degrees, and the cutting edge is positioned at the corner of the cutting knife body; the rake face extends from the cutting edge and is arranged obliquely to the cutting tool body;

the limiting cutter is connected with the cutter handle and is positioned on one side of the cutting cutter; the limiting cutter comprises a limiting cutter body, a coulter and a limiting block;

the coulter is arranged on the limiting cutter body, the coulters are arranged in parallel and at intervals, the cutting direction of the coulter is consistent with that of the cutting edge, and the cutting depth of the coulter is smaller than that of the cutting edge;

the limiting cutter body is provided with a limiting surface opposite to the front cutter surface, and the distance between the limiting surface and the front cutter surface is increased along the chip extrusion direction; the limiting blocks are arranged on the limiting surface, the limiting blocks are arranged in parallel at intervals, one end portions of the limiting blocks are connected with one end portions of the coulters in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the distance between the limiting blocks and the front cutter face is increased along the chip extrusion direction.

The combined cutter provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: in a cutting tool, a cutting edge with an edge inclination angle of 0 DEG and a rake face extending from the cutting edge and inclined to a cutting tool body are provided, so that chips with uniform thickness can be cut from a flat end face of a workpiece, and the chips can be extruded along the rake face. Furthermore, a regulating blade is provided on one side of the cutting blade, and a plurality of coulters are provided in parallel and at intervals in the regulating blade, the cutting direction of the coulter is consistent with the cutting direction of the cutting edge, the cutting depth of the coulter is smaller than the cutting depth of the cutting edge, so that a plurality of parallel continuous grooves can be ploughed on the surface of the chip, and the materials between the grooves are accumulated into a fin prototype positioned on the upper part of the chip.

Meanwhile, a limiting surface opposite to the front tool surface is arranged on the limiting tool, and a limiting block connected with the coulter is arranged on the limiting surface, so that the fin prototype can be promoted to move to a gap between the adjacent limiting blocks; moreover, the distance between the limiting block and the front tool face is increased along the extrusion direction of the chips, so when the chips pass through a pressing area formed between the front tool face and the limiting surface, the friction resistance existing between the fin blank and the side wall of the limiting block and the cutting extrusion force applied when the fin blank moves along the extrusion direction form a pair of moments; when the distance between the limiting block and the front tool face is gradually increased, the limiting block has insufficient constraint on the upper surface of the chip bottom layer, namely the contact area between the chip bottom layer and the limiting block is reduced, so that the chip bottom layer can be bent under the action of a moment, namely the chip bottom layer leans against the limiting block, further workpiece materials are accumulated at an inlet of an extrusion area, and meanwhile, the integral extrusion force action point of chips is moved upwards (namely moved towards the limiting block), so that the bending moment is gradually reduced; when the bending moment disappears, the whole cutting scraps are translated and extruded out, and the accumulation phenomenon disappears; after the stacking section of the cutting scraps is extruded, the fin rudiment and the cutting scrap bottom layer move downwards, the bending moment is gradually increased until the bending moment is recovered, and the stacking stage is entered again, so that the fin rudiment on the cutting scraps can be formed into a periodic wavy shape.

The distance between the limiting block and the front tool face is increased along the chip extrusion direction, the distance between the limiting surface and the front tool face is increased along the chip extrusion direction, and an acting space is provided for the bending moment formed by interaction of the friction force borne by the chips and the cutting extrusion force, so that the chip bottom layer can be separated from the front tool face, and finally the periodical forming of the fins on the chips is realized through the 'stacking-breaking' principle along the chip extrusion direction.

The method can be used for continuously preparing the fins with the small microstructures arrayed on the surface, the prepared fins have three-dimensional structures, and the heat exchange performance of fin products is better improved, wherein the small microstructures refer to the range that the unit size and the spacing of the arrays on the surface are about 1-2 mm and below.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the limiting block is in a right trapezoid shape when viewed along the length direction of the cutting edge. The limiting block is in a right trapezoid shape, is simple to manufacture, and can drive cuttings to move along the extrusion direction, the contact area of the limiting block and the cuttings is gradually reduced, so that the restraint of the limiting block on the cuttings is reduced, the cuttings can be accumulated at the entrance of the extrusion area under the action of bending moment, and the formation of three-dimensional fins on the cuttings is facilitated.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the cutter handle is provided with an accommodating groove and a positioning groove, and an opening of the accommodating groove faces to the front cutter surface; the positioning groove is communicated with the accommodating groove; the cutting knife body is arranged in the containing groove, the cutting knife body is provided with a positioning block, and the positioning block is located in the positioning groove and matched with the positioning groove. The handle of a knife sets up the holding tank of opening orientation rake face, conveniently directly places the cutting cutter body in the holding tank in order to carry out quick simple and easy installation, prevents that cutting edge and rake face from receiving the influence and leading to the unable normal work of cutting tool. And the cutting knife body is provided with the positioning block, and the knife handle is provided with the positioning groove, so that the cutting knife can be rapidly positioned in the installation work, and the installation difficulty is reduced.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the combined cutting tool further comprises a screw and a nut; the cutting knife body is provided with a T-shaped groove, the head of the screw is arranged in the T-shaped groove, the knife handle is provided with a through hole, and the rod part of the screw penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the nut. The cutting tool body is provided with the T-shaped groove, the head of the screw rod is arranged in the T-shaped groove, and the rod of the screw rod penetrates through the through hole of the tool shank to be connected with the nut, so that the locking effect is good, and the cutting tool is convenient to disassemble and assemble.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the cutter handle is provided with an installation groove, and the limiting cutter body is arranged in the installation groove; the handle of a knife is equipped with the spacing groove, the spacing groove with the mounting groove communicates with each other, the restriction cutter body is equipped with spacing portion, spacing portion is located spacing inslot and with spacing groove looks adaptation. The handle of a knife sets up mounting groove and spacing groove, and sets up spacing portion on the restriction cutter body, when installation restriction cutter, will restrict the cutter body as for the mounting groove in to make spacing portion card at spacing inslot, realize the location before the installation of restriction cutter, thereby simplify the installation work of restriction cutter.

In addition, the second aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus for forming fins of an array structure, the apparatus comprising:

the combination tool as described above;

a vibrator provided with an output rod; the output rod is connected with the combined cutter and can vibrate in a reciprocating mode along the feeding direction of the combined cutter.

The device for forming the array structure fin provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: when the combined tool is used, because of the influence of cutting processing parameters and the influence of self-excited vibration generated in the processing process on the 'accumulation-destruction' state, the cycle of the prepared wavy chips is unstable, namely the cycle is longer, and the cycle length is changed; in this case, the vibrator is adopted to connect the output rod of the vibrator to the combined cutter, so that the combined cutter can vibrate in a reciprocating manner along the feeding direction, unstable and random self-excited vibration can be promoted to be changed into stable and forced self-excited vibration, the period of the accumulation-destruction state of cutting scraps is shortened, the integral forming period of the fins is relatively stable, the aim of controllability due to periodic accumulation is fulfilled, the structure of the fins formed in a short period is changed well, a needle-shaped structure is formed, namely the prepared fins are slender and forked, have a large depth-to-width ratio, and the heat exchange performance of fin products is greatly enhanced.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the device also comprises a positioning pin; the output rod is provided with a mounting hole, the tool handle is provided with a connecting rod, the connecting rod is inserted into the mounting hole and is matched with the mounting hole, the connecting rod is provided with a first positioning hole, and the output rod is provided with a second positioning hole communicated with the mounting hole; the positioning pins are sequentially inserted into the second positioning holes and the first positioning holes and are matched with the first positioning holes and the second positioning holes. The output rod of the vibrator is provided with a mounting hole, the tool shank is provided with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is directly inserted into the mounting hole so as to quickly and simply connect the combined tool with the vibrator. And, adopt the locating pin locate mode, set up first locating hole on the connecting rod, set up the second locating hole on the output lever, insert the locating pin in second locating hole and first locating hole in proper order, just can accomplish the location work rapidly, can prevent connecting rod and output lever phase separation moreover.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the cross section of the connecting rod is square, and the first positioning hole is vertically arranged; the handle of a knife is equipped with location portion, location portion with the terminal surface butt of mounting hole. The connecting rod sets to the square bar, and the disect insertion mounting hole need not to rotate and makes first locating hole and second locating hole align to, first locating hole is vertical setting, lets the locating pin vertically insert second locating hole and first locating hole, can prevent that the locating pin from breaking away from the second locating hole when the device is worked, guarantees that connecting rod and output lever have better connectivity. The connecting rod sets up location portion, and location portion plays the positioning action with the terminal surface butt of mounting hole when the connecting rod inserts the mounting hole, makes first locating hole and second locating hole align, and in addition, the contact surface of location portion and mounting hole terminal surface provides main transfer effect for cutting force and vibration.

Further, a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for forming fins of an array structure, the method comprising the steps of:

fixing a workpiece: fixing a cylindrical workpiece on a main shaft of a lathe;

device installation: fixing the device on a tool rest of a lathe, adjusting the position of a combined tool of the device, enabling the cutting direction of the combined tool to be tangent to the radial direction of the workpiece, and adjusting the edge inclination angle of the cutting edge to be 0 degree;

starting the lathe: driving the device to move along a feeding direction, wherein the feeding direction is consistent with the axial direction of the main shaft, and driving the main shaft to rotate; simultaneously, starting a vibrator of the device to drive the combined cutter to vibrate in a reciprocating manner along the feeding direction;

preparing fins: the device processes the end face of the workpiece to continuously prepare the array structure fin.

The method for forming the array structure fin provided by the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the method can be used for processing the end face of a metal circular tube workpiece, when the workpiece rotates, a combined cutter in the device is used for cutting, fins with array structures on the surfaces are directly and continuously prepared by using the accumulation-destruction principle, and a vibrator in the device vibrates in a reciprocating mode along the feeding direction, so that the period of the accumulation-destruction state of cutting scraps is favorably shortened, the integral forming period of the fins is relatively stable, and the pin-shaped structure fins with high heat exchange performance are manufactured.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the method further comprises, between the step of mounting the device and the step of starting the lathe:

flattening the end face of the workpiece: when only a cutting tool is installed on a tool shank of the combined tool, starting a lathe, driving the main shaft to rotate, and driving the cutting tool to move towards a workpiece along the axial direction of the main shaft so as to flatten the end face of the workpiece;

and (3) limiting the installation of the cutter: and after the end face of the workpiece is flattened, the limiting cutter is arranged on the cutter handle.

Before the continuous fin preparation work, only the cutting tool is arranged on the cutter handle, the end face of the workpiece is flattened by the cutting tool in the combined cutter, and when the workpiece rotates, the uneven end face can be cut off by the cutting tool to complete the flattening process, so that the continuously prepared fins are uniform in specification. And then installing the limiting cutter on the cutter handle so as to directly prepare the fins with the surface array structure by using the cutting cutter and the limiting cutter.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus for forming fins in an array structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a structure in which a gang tool is connected with an output rod of a vibrator in the device for forming the fins in the array structure provided by the invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention in a combined cutting tool for forming fins with array structure;

FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of section A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a limiting tool in the combined tool for forming fins with array structures provided by the invention;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cutting tool in the combined cutting tool for forming fins with array structures, which is provided by the invention;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the structure of the tool shank of the gang tool for forming fins with an array structure provided by the invention;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the structure of an array-structured fin manufactured by the apparatus for forming an array-structured fin according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a process of fabricating fins by using the gang tool for forming fins of array structure provided by the present invention in a state of omitting a vibrator;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the combined cutting tool for forming fins with array structures, provided by the invention, for preparing fins under different states.

The drawings are numbered as follows: 100. a vibrator; 110. an output rod; 111. mounting holes; 112. a second positioning hole; 200. a gang tool; 210. a knife handle; 211. a connecting rod; 212. a first positioning hole; 213. accommodating grooves; 214. positioning a groove; 215. a positioning part; 216. a through hole; 217. mounting grooves; 220. a restraining tool; 221. a coulter; 222. a limiting block; 223. a limiting part; 224. opening a hole; 225. a connecting portion; 226. a knife section; 227. a limiting surface; 230. a cutting tool; 231. a cutting edge; 232. a rake face; 233. a screw; 234. a nut; 235. a T-shaped groove; 236. positioning blocks; 300. a workpiece; 310. a fin; 311. a chip bottom layer; 312. a needle-shaped body; 400. and a positioning pin.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, if words such as "a plurality" are described, the meaning is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, more than, less than, more than, etc. are understood as excluding the present number, and more than, less than, etc. are understood as including the present number. If any description to first, second and third is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.

It should be noted that, in the drawings, the X direction is directed from the back side to the front side of the device for forming the array-structured fins; the Y direction is from the left side to the right side of the device for forming the array structure fins; the Z direction is directed from the lower side to the upper side of the device for forming the array-structured fins.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.

Referring to fig. 1 to 12, several embodiments of the combined cutting tool, the device and the method for forming fins with array structures of the invention are described below.

As shown in fig. 3 to 9, an embodiment of the present invention provides a gang tool for forming fins of an array structure, the gang tool including: shank 210, cutting tool 230, and constraining tool 220.

Wherein the cutting tool 230 includes a cutting tool body, a cutting edge 231, and a rake surface 232. The cutting blade body may be a block made of metal. The cutting edge 231 has an edge inclination angle of 0 °, that is, the cutting edge 231 is a straight line and parallel to the machined end surface of the workpiece, and can cut chips having a uniform thickness. The cutting edge 231 is located at a corner of the cutting tool body. The rake surface 232 extends from the cutting edge 231 and is disposed obliquely to the cutting blade body, i.e., the cutting edge 231 is located in the rake surface 232. The chips are cut by the cutting edge 231 and are pushed out along the rake surface 232.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 6, the cutting tool 230 is provided on the rear side of the holder 210, and the cutting edge 231 is located at the right rear position of the cutting tool body as a ridge of the cutting tool body, that is, the cutting edge 231 extends in the vertical direction. The rake surface 232, which is the right side surface of the cutting blade body, may form an angle of 20 ° with a vertical surface extending in the front-rear direction. An angle formed by the rear side surface of the cutting blade body and a vertical surface extending in the left-right direction may be 5 ° to 30 °. The horizontally projected shape of the cutting tool may be a quadrilateral.

Cutting tool 230 is bolted to shank 210.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, 8 and 9, the combination tool further includes a screw 233 and a nut 234. The cutting knife body is provided with a T-shaped groove 235, the two ends of the T-shaped groove 235 penetrate through the upper end face and the lower end face of the cutting knife body, and a notch of the T-shaped groove 235 is located in the left side face of the cutting knife body, so that the head of the screw 233 can conveniently extend into the T-shaped groove 235 from the top or from the bottom. The shank 210 is provided with a through hole 216, the axis of the through hole 216 extends in the left-right direction, and after the head of the screw 233 is disposed in the T-shaped groove 235, the rod of the screw 233 passes through the through hole 216 and is connected with the nut 234, thereby completing the connection of the cutting tool 230 and the shank 210.

Because the handle 210 is provided with the connecting rod 211 positioned on the left side of the handle, the cutting tool 230 adopts the structure and is locked by the screw and the nut, so that the locking effect is good, the cutting tool 230 is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and the influence of the connecting rod 211 is avoided when the cutting tool 230 is disassembled and assembled.

More specifically, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the tool holder 210 is provided with a receiving groove 213 and a positioning groove 214, an opening of the receiving groove 213 faces the rake surface 232, and the positioning groove 214 is communicated with the receiving groove 213; the cutting blade body is disposed in the receiving groove 213, the cutting blade body is provided with a positioning block 236, and the positioning block 236 is located in the positioning groove 214 and is adapted to the positioning groove 214.

Handle of a knife 210 sets up the holding tank 213 of opening towards rake face 232, conveniently directly places the cutting cutter body in holding tank 213 in order to carry out quick simple and easy installation, prevents that cutting edge 231 and rake face 232 from receiving the influence and leading to cutting tool 230 unable normal work. In addition, the cutting knife body is provided with the positioning block 236, the knife handle 210 is provided with the positioning groove 214, and the cutting knife body is quickly positioned in the installation work of the cutting knife, so that the installation difficulty is reduced.

In this embodiment, the two ends of the accommodating groove 213 penetrate through the front end surface and the rear end surface of the tool holder 210, the notch of the accommodating groove 213 faces to the right, the positioning groove 214 is located on the upper side of the accommodating groove 213, the notch of the positioning groove 214 faces to the lower side, the right end of the positioning groove 214 penetrates through the right end surface of the tool holder 210, when the cutting tool 230 is installed, the cutting tool is moved from the right to the left, the cutting tool body is enabled to be just placed in the accommodating groove 213, the positioning block 236 is located in the positioning groove 214, and the screw 233 can penetrate through the through hole 216 and is connected with the nut 234. The rake surface 232 and the cutting edge 231 are not in direct contact with the shank 210, and thus the work is not affected. The locating block 236 is integrally formed with the cutting blade body.

As shown in fig. 3 to 7, the restricting blade 220 includes a restricting blade body, a plow blade 221, and a restricting block 222.

The restraining cutter body may be a metal block. The coulter 221 is arranged on the limiting cutter body, the coulters 221 are arranged in a plurality of parallel and spaced modes, the cutting direction of the coulter 221 is consistent with that of the cutting edge 231, and the cutting depth of the coulter 221 is smaller than that of the cutting edge 231.

In this embodiment, the coulters 221 are five and located at the left rear corner of the limiting cutter body, the coulters 221 are arranged at regular intervals in the up-down direction, and the edges of the coulters 221 face to the right, so that when the workpiece moves from the right to the left, a plurality of parallel continuous grooves can be formed on the surface of the workpiece by cutting through the coulters 221, and then chips with uniform thickness can be cut by the cutting edges 231. The rear side of the plow blade 221 is flat, and the distance between the rear side of the plow blade 221 and the rear side of the restraining blade body is the cutting depth of the plow blade 221. The vertical distance between the cutting edge 231 and the rear side surface of the regulating cutter body is the cutting depth of the cutting edge 231.

Since the depth of cut of the plow blade 221 is less than that of the cutting edge 231, the cutting edge 231 can cut a chip with a certain thickness, while the plow blade 221 can plow a plurality of parallel continuous grooves on the surface of the chip, and the material of the groove member is accumulated into a fin prototype positioned on the upper part of the chip.

The limiting cutter body is provided with a limiting surface 227 opposite to the front cutter surface 232, and the distance between the limiting surface 227 and the front cutter surface 232 is increased along the chip extrusion direction; the limiting blocks 222 are arranged on the limiting surface 227, the limiting blocks 222 are arranged in parallel and at intervals, one end portions of the limiting blocks 222 are connected with one end portions of the coulters 221 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the distance between the limiting blocks 222 and the rake surface 232 is increased along the chip extrusion direction, an acting space can be provided for a bending moment formed by interaction of friction force borne by chips and cutting extrusion force, the bottom layer of the chips can be separated from the rake surface 232, and finally, the fin periodic forming on the chips is achieved through the 'stacking-breaking' principle along the chip extrusion direction.

In the present embodiment, the restriction surface 227 is provided on the left side surface of the restriction body and extends in the front-rear direction, and the rake surface 232 is inclined in the front-left direction from the cutting edge 231, and thus, the distance between the restriction surface 227 and the rake surface 232 gradually increases. The limiting blocks 222 are metal blocks and are integrally formed with the limiting cutter body, five limiting blocks 222 are arranged, the rear end portions of the limiting blocks 222 are correspondingly connected with the left end portion of the coulter 221 one by one, and a channel through which a fin prototype can pass is formed between every two adjacent limiting blocks 222. Since the restricting piece 222 gradually decreases from front to back in a plan view, the distance between the restricting piece 222 and the rake surface 232 gradually increases in the chip extrusion direction.

The restriction tool 220 is coupled to the shank 210 by a bolt, and the restriction tool 220 is located at one side of the cutting tool 230.

Specifically, the tool holder 210 is provided with a mounting groove 217, and the limiting tool body is arranged in the mounting groove 217; the handle of a knife 210 is equipped with the spacing groove, the spacing groove with mounting groove 217 communicates with each other, the restriction cutter body is equipped with spacing portion 223, spacing portion 223 is located spacing inslot and with spacing groove looks adaptation. When the limiting tool 220 is installed, the limiting tool body is arranged in the installation groove, the limiting part is clamped in the limiting groove, the limiting tool is positioned before being installed, and therefore the installation work of the limiting tool is simplified.

In the present embodiment, the restriction insert 220 is located on the right side of the cutting insert 230. The restricting blade body is formed by integrally molding the connecting portion 225 and the blade portion 226. The plow blade 221 and the restricting block 222 are provided at the blade portion 226. The connecting portion 225 is provided with a plurality of openings 224, the tool shank 210 is correspondingly provided with a plurality of connecting holes, and the limiting tool 220 is connected with the tool shank 210 through the openings and the connecting holes by bolts.

And, the right back edge of handle 210 is towards the indent formation mounting groove 217, and mounting groove 217 is the V-arrangement, and mounting groove 217 is located the right front side of holding tank 213 to communicate with each other with holding tank 213. The stopper 223 is located on the left side surface of the connecting portion 225 and is integrally formed with the connecting portion 225. The connecting portion 225 is disposed in the mounting groove 217, and the connecting portion 225 is moved forward until the limiting portion 223 abuts against the side wall surface of the accommodating groove 213, at this time, the limiting groove can be seen as being disposed in the accommodating groove 213, and the limiting tool 220 is fixed to the tool holder 210 by using a bolt.

When the combined tool is used for processing the end face of a workpiece, fins with surface array structures can be continuously prepared according to the principle of 'accumulation-destruction', and the forming process of the fins is shown in fig. 11, wherein the line close to the rake face of the cutting tool is the lower surface of a chip bottom layer, the line close to the limiting tool is the upper surface of the fins, and the line positioned between the two lines is the upper surface of the chip bottom layer; points a and b are extrusion force application points.

In fig. 11, the direction of the cutting speed is directed from top to bottom, and the extrusion direction of the chips is directed from left to right.

When the chip passes through the pressing area formed between the rake surface 232 and the limiting surface 227, the frictional resistance existing between the fin blank and the side wall of the limiting block 222 and the cutting extrusion force applied when the fin blank moves in the extrusion direction constitute a pair of moments, as shown in fig. 11(a), when the limiting block 222 completely restrains the upper surface of the chip bottom layer, the moments are cancelled out under physical restraint, that is, the frictional resistance is consistent with the chip extrusion force in the opposite direction.

When the distance between the limiting block 222 and the rake surface 232 is gradually increased, the limiting block 222 has insufficient constraint on the upper surface of the chip bottom layer, that is, the contact area between the chip bottom layer and the limiting block 222 is reduced, so that the chip bottom layer can bend under the action of the moment, that is, the chip bottom layer leans against the limiting block, further workpiece material is formed to be accumulated at the inlet of the pressing area, and simultaneously the whole extrusion force action point of the chip can be moved upwards (that is, moved towards the limiting block), so that the bending moment is gradually reduced, as shown in stage 1 of fig. 11 (b).

When the bending moment disappears, the entire chip is pushed out in a translational manner, and the stacking phenomenon disappears, that is, the stacked state is destroyed, as shown in stage 2 of fig. 11 (b).

After the chip accumulation section is extruded, the fin preform and the chip bottom layer move downward, and the bending moment gradually increases, as shown in stage 3 of fig. 11 (b).

After the bending moment is gradually restored, the chip enters the accumulation phase again, as shown in phase 4 of fig. 11(b), and phase 4 is phase 1 of the next cycle. Therefore, the fin rudiment on the cutting chips can be formed into a periodic wavy shape, namely, the three-dimensional structure fins arranged in an array are formed on the cutting chips.

The combined cutter provided by the invention can be used for continuously preparing the fins with the small microstructures arrayed on the surface, the prepared fins have three-dimensional structures, and the heat exchange performance of fin products is better improved, wherein the small microstructures refer to the range that the unit size and the interval of arrays on the surface are about 1-2 mm and below.

In some embodiments, the limiting blocks 222 are right-angled trapezoids viewed along the length of the cutting edge 231. The limiting block is in a right trapezoid shape, the limiting block is simple to manufacture, and when chips can be driven to move along the extrusion direction, the contact area of the limiting block and the chips is gradually reduced, so that the chips can be accumulated at an inlet of an extrusion area under the action of bending moment, and the three-dimensional fins can be formed on the chips.

As shown in fig. 6, the limiting blocks 222 in the shape of a right trapezoid can be divided into a square part and a triangular part, at the entrance of the extrusion region, since the distance between the square part of the limiting block 222 and the rake surface 232 is greater than the thickness of the bottom layer of the chips, the bottom layer of the chips can be completely limited, and the material of the bottom layer of the chips is forced to be extruded to the channel between the adjacent limiting blocks 222 through the extrusion effect, which is beneficial to the preparation of the grooved fin with a large aspect ratio; the triangular portion of the limiting block 222 no longer has a physical limiting effect on the bottom layer of the shavings, and due to the torque effect and the characteristics of the flexible material, a periodic accumulation phenomenon occurs at the entrance of the extrusion region, and finally the corrugated fin with a periodic structure is formed.

In addition, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for forming fins of an array structure, the apparatus including: a vibrator 100 and a gang tool 200 as described in the above embodiments.

Wherein the gang tool 200 is made of high-speed steel.

The vibrator 100 is provided with an output rod 110; the output rod 110 is connected to the gang tool 200, and the output rod 110 can oscillate back and forth in the feeding direction of the gang tool 200.

When the combined tool is used, because of the influence of cutting processing parameters and the influence of self-excited vibration generated in the processing process on the 'accumulation-destruction' state, the cycle of the prepared wavy chips is unstable, namely the cycle is longer, and the cycle length is changed; in this case, the vibrator is adopted, the output rod of the vibrator is connected to the combined cutter, so that the combined cutter can vibrate in a reciprocating manner along the feeding direction, unstable self-excited vibration can be promoted to be changed into stable forced vibration, the period of a chip accumulation-destruction state is shortened, the integral forming period of the fins is relatively stable, the purpose of controllability due to periodic accumulation is achieved, the structure of the fins formed in an accumulation manner in a short period is changed well to be in a needle-like structure, the prepared fins are slender and forked, have a large depth-to-width ratio, and the heat exchange performance of fin products is greatly enhanced, as shown in fig. 10.

In the case where the vibrator 100 assists the gang tool 200 in working, the period of fin accumulation is shortened and controllability is provided, so that the fins of the three-dimensional structure arranged in a relatively close array are extruded on the upper surface of the chips.

When the end face of the workpiece is machined by using this apparatus, the fin is formed in a manner such that the line adjacent to the rake face of the cutting tool is the lower surface of the chip bottom layer, the line adjacent to the restricting tool is the upper surface of the fin, and the line located between the two lines is the upper surface of the chip bottom layer, as shown in fig. 12.

In fig. 12, the direction of the cutting speed is directed downward from the top, the extrusion direction of the chips is directed rightward from the left, and the feed direction of the combined tool is directed leftward from the right. FIG. 12(a) is a schematic view showing the formation of a fin in a state where the upper surface of a chip bed is completely restrained; FIG. 12(b) is a schematic view showing the formation of a fin in a state where the upper surface of a chip bottom layer is free from restraint; FIG. 12(c) is a schematic view showing the formation of a fin in a stable self-excited vibration state without constraint on the upper surface of the chip bottom layer.

When the chip passes through the pressing area formed between the rake surface 232 and the limiting surface 227, the frictional resistance existing between the fin blank and the side wall of the limiting block 222 and the cutting extrusion force applied when the fin blank moves in the extrusion direction constitute a pair of moments, as shown in fig. 12(a), when the limiting block 222 completely restrains the upper surface of the chip bottom layer, the moments are cancelled out under physical restraint, that is, the frictional resistance is consistent with the chip extrusion force in magnitude and opposite in direction, and therefore, the chip bottom layer is directly extruded.

When a workpiece is machined by the combined tool 200 without using the vibrator 100, the fin blank on the chips is formed into a periodic wavy shape according to the principle of "deposit-break" described above, as shown in fig. 12 (b).

When the fin is manufactured by using the combined cutter 200 under the condition of using the vibrator 100, the vibrator 100 drives the combined cutter 200 to vibrate in a reciprocating and micro-amplitude manner along the feeding direction (namely, the left and right directions of fig. 12), so that a stable and forced self-excited vibration effect can be provided for the combined cutter 200, the chip accumulation and damage period is shortened, the forming period is relatively stable, the short-period accumulation and forming fin structure is in a needle-like structure, and compared with a corrugated fin manufactured without the vibrator, the needle-like structure fin is slender and forked, has a large depth-to-width ratio, the heat exchange performance is greatly improved, and the heat exchanger has an application prospect in the field of heat exchange, as shown in fig. 12 (c).

The vibrator 100 provides the combined cutting tool 200 with a vibration function only along one direction, i.e., the feeding direction, and specifically, the vibrator 100 may be a one-dimensional vibration device as disclosed in the invention patent with the publication number of CN104985241B, or an ultrasonic vibration device as disclosed in the utility model patent with the publication number of CN207170177U, or an ultrasonic vibration device as disclosed in the utility model patent with the publication number of CN208757983U, and the specific structure of the vibrator 100 is the prior art, and will not be described herein again.

In some embodiments, the device further comprises a locating pin 400. The output rod 110 is provided with a mounting hole 111, the tool shank 210 is provided with a connecting rod 211, and the connecting rod 211 and the tool shank 210 are integrally formed. The connecting rod 211 is inserted into the mounting hole 111 and is matched with the mounting hole 111, the connecting rod 211 is provided with a first positioning hole 212, and the output rod 110 is provided with a second positioning hole 112 communicated with the mounting hole 111; the positioning pin 400 is inserted into the second positioning hole 112 and the first positioning hole 212 in sequence and is matched with the first positioning hole 212 and the second positioning hole 112, so that the work of connecting the combination tool 200 with the output rod 110 of the vibrator 100 is completed quickly.

In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the connecting rod 211 is square, and the first positioning hole 212 is vertically disposed. Connecting rod 211 sets to the square bar, and disect insertion mounting hole 111 need not to rotate and makes first locating hole 212 and second locating hole 112 align to, first locating hole is vertical setting, lets locating pin 400 vertically insert second locating hole and first locating hole, can prevent that the locating pin from breaking away from the second locating hole when the device is worked, guarantees that connecting rod and output lever have better connectivity.

The holder 210 is provided with a positioning portion 215, and the positioning portion 215 is integrally formed with the holder 210. When the gang tool 200 is connected to the output rod 110 of the vibrator 100, the positioning portion 215 abuts against the end surface of the mounting hole 111. The connecting rod sets up location portion, and location portion plays the positioning action with the terminal surface butt of mounting hole when the connecting rod inserts the mounting hole, makes first locating hole and second locating hole align, and in addition, the contact surface of location portion and mounting hole terminal surface is the main transfer face of cutting force and vibration, provides main transfer action for cutting force and vibration.

Further, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for forming fins of an array structure, the method including the steps of:

fixing a workpiece: the cylindrical workpiece 300 is fixed to the spindle of a lathe. Specifically, the workpiece is a thin-walled cylindrical workpiece made of a tough metal material such as pure copper or aluminum alloy. After being cleaned and deoiled, the workpiece is fixed on a main shaft of a horizontal lathe and can rotate around a horizontal axis along with the main shaft. In this embodiment, a pure copper thin-walled cylindrical work 300 having a diameter of 70mm and a wall thickness of 6mm is used, and the work 300 is rotated counterclockwise about the X-axis.

Device installation: the apparatus for forming fins of an array structure according to the above-described embodiment is fixed to a tool post of a lathe by bolts, and the position of the gang tool 200 of the apparatus is adjusted such that the cutting direction of the gang tool 200 is tangential to the radial direction of the workpiece, and the edge inclination of the cutting edge 231 is adjusted to 0 °.

In this embodiment, the cutting position of the gang tool is located at the 12 o' clock position of the end face of the workpiece 300, the cutting direction being along the Y-axis; the cutting edge 231 is parallel to the perpendicular line, that is, the cutting edge 231 is parallel to the flat end surface of the workpiece 300, and the difference between the cutting depth of the plow blade 221 and the cutting depth of the cutting edge 231 is set to 0.10mm, that is, the thickness of the bottom layer of chips is 0.10mm, and the minimum distance between the regulating block 222 and the rake surface 232 (that is, the distance between the left side surface of the rear end portion of the regulating block 222 and the rake surface 232) is set to 0.40 mm.

Further, the vibrator 100 of the apparatus is fixed to a tool post of a lathe by means of a bolt so that the vibrator 100 with the combined tool 200 can move in a feeding direction (i.e., in a direction opposite to the X-axis). In addition, the output rod 110 of the vibrator 100 can vibrate in a reciprocating manner in a micro-amplitude manner along the X axis, which is beneficial to shortening the period of the periodic stacking phenomenon, unifying the stacking process damaged by random vibration, and finally preparing the fins with the three-dimensional structure which are relatively dense, regular and arrayed.

Starting the lathe: driving the device to move along a feeding direction, wherein the feeding direction is consistent with the axial direction of the main shaft, and driving the main shaft to rotate; at the same time, the vibrator 100 of the apparatus is activated to drive the gang tool 200 to oscillate back and forth in the feeding direction.

In this embodiment, after turning on the lathe, the spindle is rotated counterclockwise about the X axis at a rotation speed of 130r/min, and at the same time, after turning on the vibrator 100, the gang tool 200 is caused to vibrate reciprocally along the X axis by the output rod 110 of the vibrator 100 at a vibration frequency of 20kHz with a vibration amplitude of 2 μm, and further, the gang tool 200 is caused to be automatically fed along the center line of the spindle at a speed of 0.19mm/r to cut the end face of the workpiece.

Preparing fins: the device processes the end face of the workpiece to continuously prepare the array structure fin.

Through the steps, pin-shaped structure fins arranged in an array can be formed on the upper surface of the continuous chip bottom layer, the total height of the fins 310 is 1180-1300 μm, the thickness of the chip bottom layer 311 is about 300 μm, the bottom diameter of the pin-shaped bodies 312 is 180-220 μm, the inclination angle of the pin-shaped bodies 312 is 33-38 °, and the bottom spacing of the pin-shaped bodies 312 is 870-980 μm. Therefore, the array structure of the prepared fins is relatively regular in arrangement, uniform in structure and high in heat exchange capacity, and is shown in fig. 10.

Compared with the existing intermittent forming machining or material increase manufacturing method of the surface array structure, the method can machine the end face of a metal round pipe workpiece, when the workpiece rotates, a combined cutter in the device is used for cutting, fins with the array structure on the surface are directly and continuously prepared by using the accumulation-destruction principle, and a vibrator in the device vibrates in a reciprocating mode along the feeding direction, so that the period of the accumulation-destruction state of cutting chips is favorably shortened, the integral forming period of the fins is relatively stable, and the dense and regular pin-shaped structure fins are manufactured.

The combined cutter does not need to adopt cutting fluid to cool the workpiece and the combined cutter in the machining process.

In some embodiments, between the step of mounting the device and the step of starting the lathe, further comprising:

flattening the end face of the workpiece: when only the cutting tool 230 is mounted on the shank 210 of the cluster tool 200, the lathe is turned on, the spindle is driven to rotate, and the cutting tool 230 is driven to move toward the workpiece along the axial direction of the spindle to flatten the end surface of the workpiece.

And (3) limiting the installation of the cutter: after the work of flattening the end face of the workpiece is completed, the restriction tool 220 is mounted on the shank 210.

Since the end face of the work 300 is not necessarily flat, it is necessary to perform a flattening process on the machined end face of the work when the fin is produced. In the flattening process, the limiting tool 220 and the vibrator 100 are not needed to be used, the end face is flattened through the cutting tool 230, when the workpiece 300 rotates, the cutting tool 230 is moved for a certain distance along the feeding direction, and the uneven end face on the workpiece is cut to be flattened, so that the qualified fins with the array structures can be continuously prepared.

After the end face of the workpiece is shaved, the lathe power is turned off and the restraint tool 220 is then mounted on the shank 210. After the new workpiece is fixed to the spindle, the worker still needs to detach the restricting tool 220, which facilitates the end face flattening process of the new workpiece by the cutting tool 230.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments shown and described, but is capable of numerous equivalents and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1. A gang tool for forming fins in an array structure, comprising:

a knife handle (210);

a cutting tool (230) coupled to the shank (210); the cutting tool (230) comprises a cutting tool body, a cutting edge (231) and a rake surface (232); the cutting edge inclination angle of the cutting edge (231) is 0 degree, and the cutting edge (231) is positioned at the corner of the cutting cutter body; the rake surface (232) extends from the cutting edge (231) and is arranged obliquely to the cutting blade body;

a restriction tool (220) coupled to the shank (210), the restriction tool (220) being located on one side of a cutting tool (230); the limiting cutter (220) comprises a limiting cutter body, a coulter (221) and a limiting block (222);

the colter (221) is arranged on the limiting cutter body, the colters (221) are arranged in parallel at intervals, the cutting direction of the colter (221) is consistent with that of the cutting edge (231), and the cutting depth of the colter (221) is smaller than that of the cutting edge (231);

the limiting cutter body is provided with a limiting surface (227) opposite to the front cutter surface (232), and the distance between the limiting surface (227) and the front cutter surface (232) is increased along the chip extrusion direction; the limiting blocks (222) are arranged on the limiting surface (227), the limiting blocks (222) are arranged in parallel at intervals, one end portions of the limiting blocks (222) are connected with one end portions of the coulters (221) in a one-to-one corresponding mode, and the distance between the limiting blocks (222) and the rake face (232) is increased along the chip extrusion direction.

2. The gang tool for forming fins of an array structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the limiting block (222) has a right-angled trapezoidal shape as viewed along a length direction of the cutting edge (231).

3. The gang tool for formation of fins of an array structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tool shank (210) is provided with a receiving groove (213) and a positioning groove (214), the receiving groove (213) opening to a rake surface (232); the positioning groove (214) is communicated with the accommodating groove (213); the cutting cutter body is arranged in the accommodating groove (213), the cutting cutter body is provided with a positioning block (236), and the positioning block (236) is located in the positioning groove (214) and matched with the positioning groove (214).

4. The gang tool for formation of fins of array structures as claimed in claim 3, further comprising a screw (233) and a nut (234); the cutting knife body is provided with a T-shaped groove (235), the head of the screw (233) is arranged in the T-shaped groove (235), the knife handle (210) is provided with a through hole (216), and the rod part of the screw (233) penetrates through the through hole (216) and is connected with the nut (234).

5. The gang tool for forming fins with an array structure according to claim 4, wherein the tool shank (210) is provided with a mounting groove (217), and the limiting tool body is arranged in the mounting groove (217); the utility model discloses a limiting tool, including handle of a knife (210), mounting groove (217), limiting cutter body, handle of a knife (210) is equipped with the spacing groove, the spacing groove with mounting groove (217) communicate with each other, the limiting cutter body is equipped with spacing portion (223), spacing portion (223) are located spacing inslot and with spacing groove looks adaptation.

6. An apparatus for forming fins of an array structure, comprising:

the gang tool (200) of any of claims 1 to 5;

a vibrator (100) provided with an output rod (110); the output rod (110) is connected with the combined cutter (200), and the output rod (110) can vibrate in a reciprocating mode along the feeding direction of the combined cutter (200).

7. The apparatus for fin formation of array structure according to claim 6, further comprising a positioning pin (400); the output rod (110) is provided with a mounting hole (111), the tool shank (210) is provided with a connecting rod (211), the connecting rod (211) is inserted into the mounting hole (111) and is matched with the mounting hole (111), the connecting rod (211) is provided with a first positioning hole (212), and the output rod (110) is provided with a second positioning hole (112) communicated with the mounting hole (111); the positioning pin (400) is inserted into the second positioning hole (112) and the first positioning hole (212) in sequence and is matched with the first positioning hole (212) and the second positioning hole (112).

8. The device for forming fins of array structure according to claim 7, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the connecting rod (211) is square, and the first positioning holes (212) are vertically arranged; the cutter handle (210) is provided with a positioning part (215), and the positioning part (215) is abutted to the end face of the mounting hole (111).

9. A method for forming fins of an array structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:

fixing a workpiece: fixing a cylindrical workpiece on a main shaft of a lathe;

device installation: fixing the device according to any one of claims 6 to 8 on a tool post of a lathe and adjusting the position of the gang tool (200) of the device so that the cutting direction of the gang tool (200) is tangential to the radial direction of the workpiece and the edge inclination of the cutting edge (231) is adjusted to 0 °;

starting the lathe: driving the device to move along a feeding direction, wherein the feeding direction is consistent with the axial direction of the main shaft, and driving the main shaft to rotate; simultaneously, starting a vibrator (100) of the device to drive the combined cutter (200) to vibrate in a reciprocating manner along the feeding direction;

preparing fins: the device processes the end face of the workpiece to continuously prepare the array structure fin.

10. The method for forming an array structure fin according to claim 9, further comprising, between the step of mounting the device and the step of starting the lathe:

flattening the end face of the workpiece: when only the cutting tool (230) is installed on the tool shank (210) of the combined tool (200), starting the lathe, driving the spindle to rotate, and driving the cutting tool (230) to move towards the workpiece along the axial direction of the spindle so as to flatten the end face of the workpiece;

and (3) limiting the installation of the cutter: after the end face of the workpiece is flattened, the limiting cutter (220) is installed on the cutter handle (210).

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