CN112998914B

CN112998914B - Artificial hip joint

Info

Publication number: CN112998914B
Application number: CN202110197214.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李国晶; 赵化启; 王晶彦; 刘文斌; 杨婷婷; 姚潍; 何丽丽
Original assignee: Jiamusi University
Current assignee: Jiamusi University
Priority date: 2021-02-22
Filing date: 2021-02-22
Publication date: 2021-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-22
Also published as: CN112998914A

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial hip joint, relates to the field of medical instruments, and aims to solve the problems that a femoral neck and a femoral stem in the conventional hip joint are integrated, and the femoral neck needs to be integrally replaced if broken; the existing split structure has no fixed structure, and the femoral neck is easy to separate from the femoral stem; and the problem of poor wear resistance of the base material coating of the prior artificial hip joint. The joint of the invention comprises a ball, a femoral neck, an artificial femoral insert and a connecting joint. The coating is sprayed on the surface of the sphere and consists of nano zirconia and nano hydroxyapatite. The invention is applied to the field of artificial joints.

Description

Artificial hip joint

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to an artificial hip joint.

Background

The hip joint is a joint formed by a femur (femur) and a pelvis, when the hip joint is degenerated, diseased or traumatized, pain, stiffness or deformation can be caused, even the movement is inconvenient, and the symptoms can not be relieved by medicines or other treatment methods in serious cases. The artificial total hip joint replacement is to implant an artificial hip joint comprising a mortar cup, a liner, a ball head, a femoral neck and a femoral stem into a human body to replace the diseased hip joint of the human body. The femoral neck and the femoral stem in the existing hip joint are mostly of an integrated structure, and the fracture condition of the femoral neck is found in practical application, so that the joint is failed at the moment, and the integrated structure needs to be replaced completely. The split structure of the existing structure is mostly the direct insertion connection of the femoral neck and the femoral stem, no fixed structure exists, and the femoral neck is easy to separate from the femoral stem.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the most predominant inorganic component of human and animal bones and teeth, accounting for 77% of the inorganic component of human bones, and is present in teeth in amounts up to 97%. HA is similar to the main inorganic component of natural bone in chemical composition, can form firm combination with human bone cells, HAs stable performance in body fluid environment, HAs lower dissolution and degradation speed than bioglass, and is one of the most widely used implant materials at present. Hydroxyl (-OH) in HA can be chemically bonded with osteocyte, so that fibrous tissue can be prevented from being generated at bonding interface, and the HA HAs good biocompatibility.

The HA coating material prepared on the base material of the artificial hip joint by adopting the coating technology can have the excellent mechanical property of the base material and the excellent bioactivity of hydroxyapatite. However, HA is brittle, HAs low strength and poor wear resistance, is difficult to meet the mechanical requirements for use in the loaded part of the human body, and HAs a great difference between wear resistance and mechanical strength. How to improve the wear resistance of the artificial hip joint surface coating is the focus of current research.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the femoral neck and the femoral handle in the existing hip joint are in an integrated structure, and the femoral neck needs to be integrally replaced if broken; the existing split structure has no fixed structure, and the femoral neck is easy to separate from the femoral stem; and the problem that the base material coating of the prior artificial hip joint has poor wear resistance; and provides an artificial hip joint.

The invention relates to an artificial hip joint, which comprises a ball body, a femoral neck, an artificial femoral insert and a connecting joint;

the ball body is arranged at one end of the femoral neck, the other end of the femoral neck is provided with a rolling ball clamping groove, and the diameter of the end part of the femoral neck is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the bottom of the rolling ball clamping groove;

the connecting joint consists of a sleeve, a rolling ball and a baffle ring;

one end of the sleeve is connected with the artificial femoral insert, a circle of rolling ball positioning holes are uniformly distributed in the sleeve, a check ring is arranged at one end of the sleeve, which is far away from the artificial femoral insert, a clamping hole is formed in the check ring, and a clamping hole notch is formed in the clamping hole;

one end of the baffle ring is provided with a notch, and the wall of the notch is provided with a clamping piece;

the baffle ring is sleeved on the sleeve, and the clamping piece is matched with the clamping hole;

the end part of the femoral neck is arranged in the sleeve, the rolling ball clamping groove corresponds to the rolling ball positioning hole, and the rolling ball is positioned in the rolling ball positioning hole and the rolling ball clamping groove at the same time;

3/4 that the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole is smaller than the diameter of the rolling ball and larger than the diameter of the rolling ball, and the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the rolling ball; the diameter of the rolling ball is equal to the sum of the wall thickness of the sleeve and the depth of the clamping groove of the rolling ball; when the clamping piece is separated from the clamping hole and the baffle ring is positioned at the end part of the other end of the sleeve, the position of the notch corresponds to the position of the rolling ball positioning hole, and the diameter of the rolling ball is smaller than the sum of the wall thickness of the sleeve and the depth of the notch.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention realizes the firm connection between the femoral neck and the artificial femoral inserter through the use of the connecting joint and is easy to replace.

The wear-resistant coating is prepared by mixing zirconia and Hydroxyapatite (HA), so that the problems of high brittleness and low strength of HA are solved, the mechanical strength of the zirconia is good, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the zirconia is between TC4 titanium alloy and the hydroxyapatite, so that the zirconia is used as a transition layer between the HA and a metal matrix, and the phenomenon of thermal mismatching between the biological ceramic coating and the titanium alloy matrix can be effectively relieved. The zirconium oxide is used as the transition layer, so that the residual stress between the coating and the substrate can be reduced, and the bonding strength between the layers can be enhanced. The invention adopts microsecond level laser or femtosecond level laser to process the surface texture on the coating, and can reduce the generation of thermal cracks, fusion, damage, scraps and the like generated in a pit texture area on the surface of the coating. The coverage surface of the prepared texture is 20-28%, the distance between adjacent pits is ensured not to be too close or too far, the friction coefficient of the coating can be reduced, the frictional wear performance is improved, and the bonding strength of the coating is not reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an artificial hip joint according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an artificial hip joint according to one embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of area A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rolling ball being simultaneously positioned in the notch and the rolling ball positioning hole during insertion or extraction of the femoral neck according to one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a femoral neck according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a sleeve according to one embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of area B of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a retaining ring according to one embodiment;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a stop ring according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment four upper sphere;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment four upper sphere;

FIG. 12 is a top view of an embodiment four upper spheres.

Detailed Description

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.

To make the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description clearly illustrates the spirit of the disclosure, and any person skilled in the art, after understanding the embodiments of the disclosure, may make changes and modifications to the technology taught by the disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows: specifically described with reference to fig. 1 to 9, an artificial hip joint according to the present embodiment includes a ball 1, a femoral neck 2, an artificial femoral insert 3, and a connection joint 4;

the ball body 1 is arranged at one end of the femoral neck 2, the other end of the femoral neck 2 is provided with a rolling ball clamping groove 2-1, and the diameter of the end part of the femoral neck 2 is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the bottom of the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1;

the connecting joint 4 consists of a sleeve 4-1, a rolling ball 4-2 and a baffle ring 4-3;

one end of a sleeve 4-1 is connected with the artificial femoral insert 3, a circle of rolling ball positioning holes 4-1-1 are uniformly distributed on the sleeve 4-1, a check ring 4-1-2 is arranged at one end of the sleeve 4-1 far away from the artificial femoral insert 3, a clamping hole 4-1-3 is arranged on the check ring 4-1-2, and a clamping hole notch is arranged on the clamping hole 4-1-3;

one end of the baffle ring 4-3 is provided with a notch 4-3-1, and the wall of the notch 4-3-1 is provided with a clamping piece 4-3-2;

the baffle ring 4-3 is sleeved on the sleeve 4-1, and the clamping piece 4-3-2 is matched with the clamping hole 4-1-3;

the end part of the femoral neck 2 is arranged in the sleeve 4-1, the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1 corresponds to the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 in position, and the rolling ball 4-2 is simultaneously positioned in the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 and the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1;

the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 positioned on the inner surface of the sleeve 4-1 is smaller than the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2 and is larger than 3/4 of the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2, and the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 positioned on the outer surface of the sleeve 4-1 is larger than the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2; the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2 is equal to the sum of the wall thickness of the sleeve 4-1 and the depth of the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1; when the clamping piece 4-3-2 is separated from the clamping hole 4-1-3 and the baffle ring 4-3 is positioned at the end part of the other end of the sleeve 4-1, the position of the notch 4-3-1 corresponds to that of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1, and the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2 is smaller than the sum of the wall thickness of the sleeve 4-1 and the depth of the notch 4-3-1.

The principle is as follows:

when the femoral neck is replaced, the retaining ring 4-3 slides along the sleeve 4-1 to enable the clamping piece 4-3-2 to be separated from the clamping hole 4-1-3 and moves to the other end of the sleeve 4-1, the notch 4-3-1 corresponds to the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1, then the femoral neck 2 is pulled outwards, the rolling ball 4-2 moves towards the outer surface of the sleeve 4-1 due to the force given by the side wall of the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1 and is positioned in the notch 4-3-1 and the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1, the femoral neck 2 is easily pulled out under the condition that no blockage exists, after the rolling ball 4-2 is pulled out, the rolling ball 4-2 falls into the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 again, and the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 positioned on the inner surface of the sleeve 4-1 is smaller than that of the rolling ball 4-1 2 diameter, limiting the rolling ball 4-2 to be always positioned in the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1.

Then the end part of the newly replaced femoral neck 2 is inserted into the sleeve 4-1, the notch 4-3-1 is kept corresponding to the position of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 all the time in the insertion process, therefore, the rolling ball 4-2 is also forced by the side wall of the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1 in the insertion process to move towards the outer surface of the sleeve 4-1 and is positioned in the notch 4-3-1 and the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 at the same time, and the rolling ball 4-2 is positioned in the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 and the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1 again at the same time until the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1 corresponds to the position of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1.

Because the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole 4-1-1 positioned on the inner surface of the sleeve 4-1 is smaller than the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2 and is larger than 3/4 of the diameter of the rolling ball 4-2, the volume of the rolling ball 4-2 positioned in the rolling ball clamping groove 2-1 is ensured, namely, firm connection is ensured, and the femoral neck is prevented from being separated from the artificial femoral component insert 3.

As the clamping hole 4-1-3 is provided with the clamping hole notch, the clamping piece 4-3-2 can be separated from the clamped retaining ring 4-3 and the sleeve 4-1 only by pressing the clamping piece 4-3-2 from the notch by using a hard object.

The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows: the embodiment realizes the firm connection between the femoral neck 2 and the artificial femoral insert 3 through the use of the connecting joint 4, and is easy to replace.

The second embodiment is as follows: as described in detail with reference to fig. 10 to 12, the first embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the sphere (1) is formed by connecting an upper sphere (1-1) and a lower sphere (1-2), the sphere 1 is formed by connecting the upper sphere 1-1 and the lower sphere 1-2, the upper sphere 1-1 is of a hollow structure, a plurality of protrusions 1-1-1 are uniformly and densely distributed on the surface, the top ends of the protrusions 1-1-1 form a spherical surface, and the wall thickness of the protrusions 1-1-1 is smaller than that of the upper sphere 1-1 between the adjacent protrusions 1-1-1. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: the upper sphere (1-1) is of a hollow structure. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.

The fourth concrete implementation mode: referring to fig. 10-12, the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is: the surface of the upper sphere (1-1) is uniformly and densely provided with a plurality of bulges (1-1-1), and the top ends of the bulges (1-1-1) form a spherical surface. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.

The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the wall thickness of the bulges (1-1-1) is smaller than that of the upper sphere (1-1) between the adjacent bulges (1-1-1). The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.

The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows: because the upper sphere 1-1 is of a hollow structure, and the wall thickness of the bulges 1-1-1 is smaller than that of the upper sphere 1-1 between the adjacent bulges 1-1-1, when the upper sphere meets the impact of force, the bulges 1-1-1 can play a role of buffering, the damage caused in impact overshoot is reduced, and the surface is uniformly and densely provided with the bulges 1-1-1, and the top ends of the bulges 1-1-1 form a spherical surface, so that the rotation of the existing sphere is not influenced.

The sixth specific implementation mode: as described in detail with reference to fig. 1, the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the surface of the sphere 1 is provided with a coating, and the coating is composed of a nano zirconia layer on the surface of the sphere 1 and a mixed layer composed of 20-30 wt.% of nano zirconia and 70-80 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite on the surface of the nano zirconia layer; the particle size of the nano zirconia is 20-40 nanometers, and the particle size of the nano hydroxyapatite is 20-30 nanometers. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

The seventh embodiment: specifically, referring to fig. 1, the sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the spraying is plasma spraying, the ball body 1 is polished to be smooth before spraying, then the ball body is placed in an acetone solution, surface impurities are removed by ultrasonic cleaning, and the ball body is placed in a drying oven for drying; preheating the sphere 1 to 140-160 ℃ before spraying, then spraying a nano zirconia layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm on the surface of the sphere 1, and spraying a mixture of 20-30 wt.% of nano zirconia and 70-80 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite on the nano zirconia layer after spraying, wherein the thickness of the coating of the mixture of 20-30 wt.% of nano zirconia and 70-80 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite is 0.1-0.3 mm; then, circular pits which are 200-300 microns in diameter and are arranged in an array mode are prepared on the surface of the coating through laser, and the coverage surface is 20-28%. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.

The specific implementation mode is eight: specifically, referring to fig. 1, the sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the laser is microsecond laser or femtosecond laser; wherein the laser wavelength is 340nm and the power is 7 w. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.

The specific implementation method nine: specifically, referring to fig. 1, the sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the sphere 1 is made of TC4 titanium alloy. The rest is the same as the sixth embodiment.

The detailed implementation mode is ten: as described in detail with reference to fig. 1, the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the surface of the sphere 1 is provided with a coating, and the coating is composed of a nano zirconia layer on the surface of the sphere 1 and a mixed layer composed of 10-20 wt.% of nano zirconia, 20-30 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite, 30-50 wt.% of polyether ether ketone, 5-15 wt.% of carbon fiber and 1-10 wt.% of silicon carbide on the surface of the nano zirconia layer; the particle size of the nano zirconia is 20-40 nanometers, and the particle size of the nano hydroxyapatite is 20-30 nanometers. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.

The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.

Examples

This example tests the coating for frictional wear by:

in the embodiment, the surface of a TC4 titanium alloy is polished to be smooth, then the titanium alloy is placed in an acetone solution, ultrasonic cleaning is adopted to remove surface impurities, after the titanium alloy is taken out and dried, the processed bar surface is preheated to 150 ℃, a nano zirconia layer with the thickness of 0.2mm is sprayed by plasma, then a mixture of 20 wt% of nano zirconia and 80 wt% of nano hydroxyapatite is sprayed on the nano zirconia layer to obtain a coating with the overall thickness of 0.5mm, then femtosecond laser is adopted to prepare circular pits with the diameter of 200-300 microns and arranged in an array on the surface of the coating, the coverage surface is 28%, the laser wavelength is 340nm, and the power is 7 w; the particle size of the nano zirconia is 20-40 nanometers, and the particle size of the nano hydroxyapatite is 20-30 nanometers.

One end of the cleaned zirconia ceramic bar is placed on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy sprayed with the coating, and is placed in a groove filled with lubricating liquid for repeated movement, wherein the temperature of the lubricating liquid is 35-36 ℃, the movement time is 30min, the lubricating liquid is bovine serum lubricating liquid, the repeated movement speed is 0.1m/s, and the load of the zirconia ceramic bar is 1 MPa. The results showed a coefficient of friction of 0.226 during the stationary phase. And (3) representing the wear degree by using the wear scar depth of the worn coating, cleaning the rubbed coating, and measuring the wear scar depth by using a super-depth-of-field three-dimensional profile meter, wherein the wear scar depth is 16.1 mu m.

Claims

1. An artificial hip joint characterized by: it comprises a ball body (1), a femoral neck (2), an artificial femoral insert (3) and a connecting joint (4);

the ball body (1) is arranged at one end of the femoral neck (2), the other end of the femoral neck (2) is provided with a rolling ball clamping groove (2-1), and the diameter of the end part of the femoral neck (2) is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the groove bottom of the rolling ball clamping groove (2-1);

the connecting joint (4) consists of a sleeve (4-1), a rolling ball (4-2) and a baffle ring (4-3);

one end of the sleeve (4-1) is connected with the artificial femoral insert (3), a circle of rolling ball positioning holes (4-1-1) are uniformly distributed on the sleeve (4-1), one end of the sleeve (4-1) far away from the artificial femoral insert (3) is provided with a check ring (4-1-2), a clamping hole (4-1-3) is arranged on the check ring (4-1-2), and a clamping hole notch is arranged on the clamping hole (4-1-3);

one end of the baffle ring (4-3) is provided with a notch (4-3-1), and the wall of the notch (4-3-1) is provided with a clamping piece (4-3-2);

the baffle ring (4-3) is sleeved on the sleeve (4-1), and the clamping piece (4-3-2) is matched with the clamping hole (4-1-3);

the end part of the femoral neck (2) is arranged in the sleeve (4-1), the rolling ball clamping groove (2-1) corresponds to the rolling ball positioning hole (4-1-1), and the rolling ball (4-2) is simultaneously positioned in the rolling ball positioning hole (4-1-1) and the rolling ball clamping groove (2-1);

the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole (4-1-1) on the inner surface of the sleeve (4-1) is smaller than the diameter of the rolling ball (4-2) and larger than 3/4 of the diameter of the rolling ball (4-2), and the diameter of the rolling ball positioning hole (4-1-1) on the outer surface of the sleeve (4-1) is larger than the diameter of the rolling ball (4-2); the diameter of the rolling ball (4-2) is equal to the sum of the wall thickness of the sleeve (4-1) and the depth of the rolling ball clamping groove (2-1); when the clamping piece (4-3-2) is separated from the clamping hole (4-1-3) and the baffle ring (4-3) is positioned at the other end of the sleeve (4-1), the notch (4-3-1) corresponds to the rolling ball positioning hole (4-1-1), and the diameter of the rolling ball (4-2) is smaller than the sum of the wall thickness of the sleeve (4-1) and the depth of the notch (4-3-1); the surface of the sphere (1) is sprayed with a coating, and the coating is composed of a nano zirconia layer on the surface of the sphere (1) and a mixed layer composed of 20-30 wt.% of nano zirconia and 70-80 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite on the surface of the nano zirconia layer; the particle size of the nano zirconia is 20-40 nanometers, and the particle size of the nano hydroxyapatite is 20-30 nanometers; the spraying is plasma spraying, the ball body (1) is polished to be smooth before spraying, then the ball body is placed in an acetone solution, ultrasonic cleaning is adopted to remove surface impurities, and then the ball body is placed in a drying oven for drying treatment; preheating the sphere (1) to 140-160 ℃ before spraying, then spraying a nano zirconia layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm on the surface of the sphere (1), and spraying a mixture of 20-30 wt.% of nano zirconia and 70-80 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite on the nano zirconia layer after spraying, wherein the thickness of the coating of the mixture of 20-30 wt.% of nano zirconia and 70-80 wt.% of nano hydroxyapatite is 0.1-0.3 mm; then, circular pits which are 200-300 microns in diameter and are arranged in an array mode are prepared on the surface of the coating through laser, and the coverage surface is 20-28%.

2. An artificial hip joint according to claim 1, wherein: the sphere (1) is formed by connecting an upper sphere (1-1) and a lower sphere (1-2).

3. An artificial hip joint according to claim 2, wherein: the upper sphere (1-1) is of a hollow structure.

4. An artificial hip joint according to claim 2, wherein: the surface of the upper sphere (1-1) is uniformly and densely provided with a plurality of bulges (1-1-1), and the top ends of the bulges (1-1-1) form a spherical surface.

5. An artificial hip joint according to claim 4, wherein: the wall thickness of the bulges (1-1-1) is smaller than that of the upper sphere (1-1) between the adjacent bulges (1-1-1).

6. An artificial hip joint according to claim 1, wherein: the laser is microsecond laser or femtosecond laser; wherein the laser wavelength is 340nm and the power is 7 w.

7. An artificial hip joint according to claim 1, wherein: the sphere (1) is made of TC4 titanium alloy.