CN112994168A - Charging circuit and charger for detecting battery load plugging state - Google Patents
Charging circuit and charger for detecting battery load plugging state Download PDFInfo
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- CN112994168A CN112994168A CN202110295723.9A CN202110295723A CN112994168A CN 112994168 A CN112994168 A CN 112994168A CN 202110295723 A CN202110295723 A CN 202110295723A CN 112994168 A CN112994168 A CN 112994168A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charging circuit and a charger for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of a battery load. The charging circuit includes: the charging control circuit, the control unit connected with the charging control circuit and the load detection circuit; the input end of the charging control circuit is connected with the alternating current input end, and the output end of the charging control circuit is connected with the positive output end; one end of the load detection circuit is connected with the positive output end, and the other end of the load detection circuit is connected with the control unit; the charging control circuit receives the alternating voltage, controls the alternating voltage according to the control of the control unit and outputs output voltage from the positive output end; the load detection circuit is switched on or switched off according to the signal size of the positive output end, and outputs a feedback signal to the control unit when the load detection circuit is switched on. The load detection circuit is switched on when the battery load is inserted and generates a feedback signal to the control unit, and the control unit identifies the plugging state of the battery load according to the feedback signal and the switching-on or switching-off state of the load detection circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of switching power supplies, in particular to a charging circuit and a charger for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of a battery load.
Background
Switching power supplies are typically used to convert mains electricity into the direct current required by a load to provide the load with the required voltage and current. The switching power supply can also be used as a charger of the battery load to realize constant-current charging and constant-voltage charging of the battery load. The general charger does not have the function of automatically detecting the insertion and extraction states of the battery load, and the intelligent degree is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a charging circuit for detecting a battery load plugging state is constructed, and comprises: the charging control circuit comprises a charging control circuit, a control unit connected with the charging control circuit and a load detection circuit;
the input end of the charging control circuit is connected with the alternating current input end, and the output end of the charging control circuit is connected with the positive output end; one end of the load detection circuit is connected with the positive output end, and the other end of the load detection circuit is connected with the control unit;
the charging control circuit receives the alternating-current voltage, controls the alternating-current voltage according to the control of the control unit, and outputs output voltage from the positive output end;
the load detection circuit is switched on or switched off according to the signal size of the positive output end, and outputs a feedback signal to the control unit when the load detection circuit is switched on.
Furthermore, in the charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load,
the charge control circuit includes: the control unit comprises a first rectifying and filtering circuit, a voltage conversion circuit and a second rectifying and filtering circuit, wherein the first rectifying and filtering circuit receives alternating voltage and rectifies and filters the alternating voltage to output first direct voltage, the voltage conversion circuit receives a switching signal of the control unit and converts the first direct voltage into pulse voltage, and the second rectifying and filtering circuit rectifies the pulse voltage into second direct voltage and outputs output voltage from a positive output end after filtering;
the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit connected with the alternating current input end is sequentially and respectively connected with the control unit and the voltage conversion circuit; the control unit is connected with the voltage conversion circuit; the voltage conversion circuit is sequentially connected with the second rectification filter circuit and the positive output end; the load detection circuit is connected between the positive output end and the control unit;
when the load detection circuit is switched on, the control unit detects the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load according to the received feedback signal; and/or the control unit detects a current signal of a connecting end of the load detection circuit and detects the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load according to the current signal.
Furthermore, the charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load further comprises an anti-spark circuit connected between the second rectifying and filtering circuit and the positive output end; the anti-sparking circuit includes a fourth diode D4; the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the positive output terminal, and the anode is connected to the output terminal of the second rectifying and filtering circuit.
Preferably, the load detection circuit includes an eighth resistor R8, a first zener diode ZD1, a photocoupler OT, a first light emitting diode LED1, and a fifth resistor R5;
one end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the positive output end, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the first zener diode ZD 1; the anode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is connected with the anode of the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler OT, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler OT is connected with the negative output end; the negative output end is grounded; a triode collector of the photoelectric coupler OT is connected with a cathode of a first light-emitting diode LED1, and a triode emitter of the photoelectric coupler OT is grounded; the anode of the first light emitting diode LED1 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the load identification end LED of the control chip U1 in the control unit.
Preferably, the control unit includes a control chip U1 for generating a driving signal, a voltage stabilizing and supplying circuit for receiving the first dc voltage to output a start voltage to the control chip U1, acquiring an auxiliary winding voltage of the voltage converting circuit and outputting a supply voltage to the control chip U1, a switching circuit for receiving the driving signal and controlling the voltage converting circuit to perform voltage conversion, a voltage feedback circuit for acquiring the auxiliary winding voltage of the voltage converting circuit and outputting a voltage feedback signal to feed back to the control chip U1, a current detecting circuit for acquiring a primary winding current of the voltage converting circuit and outputting a current feedback signal to feed back to the control chip U1, and an RCD absorbing circuit for absorbing leakage inductance energy of the primary winding;
the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit is respectively connected with the first end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit, the first end of the RCD absorption circuit and the first end of the voltage conversion circuit; the second end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit is connected with a power supply end VCC of the control chip U1; the second end of the voltage conversion circuit is connected with the second end of the RCD absorption circuit and the first end of the switch circuit; the third end of the voltage conversion circuit is respectively connected with the third end of the voltage stabilization power supply circuit and the first end of the voltage feedback circuit; the second end of the voltage feedback circuit is connected with a voltage feedback pin FB of the control chip U1; the second end of the switch circuit is connected with a driving pin DRV of the control chip U1, and the third end of the switch circuit is connected with the first end of the current detection circuit; the second end of the current detection circuit is connected with a current detection pin CS of the control chip U1;
the control chip U1 adjusts the duty ratio of the driving signal according to the received voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal to control the voltage conversion circuit (30) to work, so as to adjust the output voltage of the positive output end.
Further, the control unit further comprises a first direct current voltage collecting circuit for collecting the first direct current voltage and comparing the first direct current voltage with a reference voltage in the control chip U1 to control whether the control chip U1 works or not; the first direct-current voltage acquisition circuit is connected between the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit and an overvoltage detection pin OVP of the control chip U1;
the first direct current voltage acquisition circuit comprises a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 which are connected in series; a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with an output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit; a second end of the second resistor R2 is grounded; the connection node of the second end of the first resistor R1 and the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the overvoltage detection pin OVP of the control chip U1.
Preferably, the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit comprises a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first diode D1 and a second polarity capacitor CE 2; a first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to an output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit, and a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected to a first end of the fourth resistor R4, a power supply end of the control chip U1, and an anode of the second polarity capacitor CE 2; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second end of the fourth resistor R4, the anode is connected to the first end of the auxiliary winding of the voltage conversion circuit, and the second end of the auxiliary winding and the cathode of the second polarity capacitor CE2 are commonly grounded;
preferably, the voltage feedback circuit comprises a thirteenth resistor R13 and a twelfth resistor R12; a first end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to a connection node between the anode of the first diode D1 and the first end of the auxiliary winding; the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected with the voltage feedback pin FB of the control chip U1 and the first end of the twelfth resistor R12 in sequence; a second end of the twelfth resistor R12 is grounded;
preferably, the switch circuit comprises an N-MOS switch tube Q1 and an eleventh resistor R11; the drain of the N-MOS switch tube Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary winding, the gate is connected to the drive pin DRV of the control chip U1 and the first end of the eleventh resistor R11, respectively, and the source is connected to the first end of the current detection circuit; a second end of the eleventh resistor R11 is grounded;
preferably, the current detection circuit includes a ninth resistor R9 and a tenth resistor R10; a first end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the current detection pin CS of the control chip U1, and a second end is connected to the drain of the N-MOS switch Q1 and the first end of the tenth resistor R10, respectively; a second end of the tenth resistor R10 is grounded;
preferably, the RCD absorption circuit includes a first capacitor C1, a sixth resistor R6, a second diode D2; a first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit, and is connected to a first end of the primary winding through a first end of the sixth resistor R6; a connection node at which the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 are commonly connected is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the primary winding through the drain of the N-MOS switch Q1.
Preferably, the second rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a third diode D3, a second capacitor C2 and a seventh resistor R7 which are connected in parallel; a first end of a secondary winding of the voltage conversion circuit is connected with an anode of the third diode D3; the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive output terminal via the first parallel node of the second capacitor C2 and a seventh resistor R7; a second parallel node of the second capacitor C2 and the seventh resistor R7 is connected with a second end of the secondary winding of the voltage conversion circuit and then is commonly connected with a negative output end; the negative output terminal is grounded.
Preferably, the first rectifying and filtering circuit comprises a rectifying bridge BD, and a first polarity capacitor CE1 connected to two output terminals of the rectifying bridge BD; the positive electrode of the first polarity capacitor CE1 is the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit; the negative electrode of the first polarity capacitor CE1 is grounded.
Further, the error amplifier load terminal CMP of the control chip U1 is connected to the anode of the third polar capacitor CE 3; the negative electrode of the third polar capacitor CE3 is grounded; the ground pin GND of the control chip U1 is grounded.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a charger for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load, and the charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load.
The charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load has the following beneficial effects: the charging circuit comprises a first rectifying and filtering circuit, a control unit, a voltage conversion circuit, a second rectifying and filtering circuit and a load detection circuit, wherein the first rectifying and filtering circuit is used for receiving alternating-current voltage and rectifying and filtering the alternating-current voltage to output first direct-current voltage, the control unit is used for receiving the first direct-current voltage to supply power and generating a driving signal according to the collected voltage and current of the voltage conversion circuit (30) to output a switching signal, the voltage conversion circuit is used for receiving the driving signal of the control unit and converting the first direct-current voltage into pulse voltage, the second rectifying and filtering circuit is used for rectifying the pulse voltage into second direct-current voltage and outputting the output voltage from a positive output end after filtering the second direct; the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit connected with the alternating current input end is sequentially and respectively connected with the control unit and the voltage conversion circuit; the control unit is connected with the voltage conversion circuit; the voltage conversion circuit is sequentially connected with the second rectification filter circuit and the positive output end; the load detection circuit is connected between the positive output terminal and the control unit. In specific implementation, a battery load is inserted between the positive output end and the negative output end of the charging circuit, the voltage of the battery load is greater than the threshold value of the breakover voltage of the load detection circuit, thereby the load detection circuit is conducted and the generated feedback signal is coupled to the control unit, the control unit receives the feedback signal after sampling through the internal current comparator and obtains a level signal after comparing with the current reference, the battery load is detected to be in the plug-in state, when the battery load is pulled out, the output voltage is gradually reduced, and is finally lower than the on-voltage threshold of the load detection circuit, at this time, the load detection circuit is switched off and no feedback signal is generated, the current comparator in the control unit outputs another level signal, therefore, the battery load is detected to be pulled out, and the problem that the intelligent degree is not high due to the fact that the existing charging circuit cannot automatically detect the plugging state of the battery load is solved.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the charging circuit for detecting the plugging/unplugging state of the battery load of the present embodiment includes: a charge control circuit, a control unit 20 connected to the charge control circuit, and a load detection circuit 50; the input end of the charging control circuit is connected with the alternating current input end, and the output end of the charging control circuit is connected with the positive output end; one end of the load detection circuit is connected with the positive output end, and the other end is connected with the control unit 20; the charging control circuit receives the alternating voltage, controls the alternating voltage according to the control of the control unit 20, and outputs an output voltage from the positive output end; the load detection circuit 50 is turned on or off according to the magnitude of the signal at the positive output terminal, and outputs a feedback signal to the control unit 20 when turned on.
The charge control circuit includes: the dc-dc converter includes a first rectifying and filtering circuit 10 for receiving an ac voltage and rectifying and filtering the ac voltage to output a first dc voltage, a voltage converting circuit 30 for receiving a switching signal of the control unit 20 and converting the first dc voltage into a pulse voltage, and a second rectifying and filtering circuit 40 for rectifying the pulse voltage into a second dc voltage and outputting an output voltage from a positive output terminal after passing through a filter. Wherein, the control unit 20 receives the first DC voltage to supply power and generates a driving signal according to the collected voltage and current of the voltage conversion circuit 30 to output a switching signal,
The output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit 10 connected to the ac input end is connected to the control unit 20 and the voltage converting circuit 30, respectively. The control unit 20 is connected to the voltage conversion circuit 30. The voltage conversion circuit 30 is connected to the second rectifying and filtering circuit 40 and the positive output terminal in sequence. The load detection circuit 50 is connected between the positive output terminal and the control unit 20. It should be noted that the ac input terminal is used for connecting the live line and the neutral line to receive 220V ac voltage, and the positive output terminal refers to the terminal of the entire charging circuit output part connected to the positive electrode of the battery load. Thus, the load detection circuit 50 is turned on or off according to the voltage magnitude of the positive output terminal, and outputs a feedback signal to the control chip U1 of the control unit 20 when turned on. When the load detection circuit 50 is turned on, the control unit 20 detects the battery load plugging/unplugging state according to the received feedback signal; and/or the control unit 20 detects a current signal of the connection terminal with the load detection circuit 50, and detects the battery load plugging/unplugging state according to the current signal. Specifically, when the load detection circuit 50 is turned on, the control unit 20 compares a voltage signal in the feedback signal output by the load detection circuit 50 with an internal reference voltage signal, and determines that the battery load is inserted if the voltage signal in the feedback signal is greater than the internal reference voltage signal; and if the voltage signal in the feedback signal is smaller than the internal reference voltage signal, judging that the battery load is pulled out. And/or, the control unit 20 may directly detect the current flowing out from the connection terminal with the load detection circuit 50, compare the current flowing out from the connection terminal with the internal reference current, and determine that the battery load is pulled out if the current flowing out from the connection terminal exceeds the internal reference current. The current flowing out of the connecting end exceeds the internal reference current, so that the current flowing out of the connecting end is larger than the internal reference current, or the current flowing out of the connecting end is smaller than the internal reference current.
The voltage at the positive output terminal refers to the output voltage of the charging circuit and the battery load voltage that detect the battery load plugging/unplugging state, and the lowest voltage when the load detection circuit 50 is turned on is the on-voltage threshold. After the battery load is pulled out, the output voltage applied at the two ends of the load detection circuit 50 is gradually reduced, and finally the output voltage is lower than the conduction voltage threshold value to turn off the load detection circuit 50, and no feedback signal is generated; at the instant of battery load insertion, the battery load voltage is greater than the turn-on voltage threshold, and the load detection circuit 50 turns on to generate a feedback signal. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load has a simple structure and is beneficial to reducing the cost.
In this embodiment, the principle of the load detection circuit 50 identifying the battery load plugging/unplugging state is specifically as follows: the on-voltage threshold of the load detection circuit 50 is preferably a battery load voltage with zero remaining capacity, so as to ensure that the load detection circuit 50 is turned on when a battery load with any electric quantity is inserted, thereby generating a feedback signal and transmitting the feedback signal to the control chip U1 of the control unit 20, and then comparing the feedback signal with a current reference (voltage signal) of a current comparator inside the control chip U1 to obtain a level signal, such as a high level, thereby recognizing that the battery load is in a state of being inserted into the charging circuit, conversely, if the feedback signal is not detected by a corresponding pin of the control chip U1, comparing the feedback signal by the current comparator inside the control chip U1 to obtain another level signal, such as a low level, thereby recognizing that the battery load is pulled out from the charging circuit. Since the conduction threshold voltage of the present embodiment is smaller than the battery load voltage when the remaining capacity is zero, the plugging/unplugging state detection of the battery load of any electric quantity can be realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the first embodiment, the voltage converting circuit 30 includes an auxiliary winding, an iron core, a primary winding on the primary side, and a secondary winding on the secondary side, and the primary winding, the secondary winding, and the auxiliary winding are all wound on the same iron core to form a high frequency isolation transformer, and the energy on the primary side is transferred to the secondary side under the action of the driving signal output from the control unit 20.
As shown in fig. 3, the load detection circuit 50 includes an eighth resistor R8, a first zener diode ZD1, a photocoupler OT, a first light emitting diode LED1, and a fifth resistor R5. One end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the positive output terminal, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the first zener diode ZD 1. The anode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is connected with the anode of the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler OT, the cathode of the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler OT is connected with the negative output end, and the negative output end is grounded. The triode collector of the photoelectric coupler OT is connected with the cathode of the first light-emitting diode LED1, and the triode emitter of the photoelectric coupler OT is grounded. The anode of the first light emitting diode LED1 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to a load identification end LED of the control chip U1 in the control unit 20 (the load identification end LED is the connection end between the control unit 20 and the load detection circuit 50). Or, in some other embodiments, a collector of a transistor of the photocoupler OT is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the load identification terminal LED of the control chip U1 in the control unit 20, an anode of the light emitting diode LED1 is connected to an emitter of the transistor of the photocoupler OT, and a cathode of the light emitting diode LED1 is grounded. As shown in particular in fig. 5.
Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the photo coupler OT may be disposed at the upper end of the LED, and a diode and a resistor are configured at the same time. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, an emitter of a triode of the photocoupler OT is connected to an anode of the light emitting diode and the load identification end LED of the control chip U1, a collector of the photocoupler OT is connected to a first end of the resistor Rx1 and an anode of the first diode, a second end of the resistor Rx1 is connected to a cathode of the diode Dx1, an anode of the Dx1 is connected to a first end of the auxiliary winding, an anode of the light emitting diode of the photocoupler OT is connected to an anode of the first zener diode ZD1, and a cathode of the light emitting diode of the photocoupler OT is grounded. In this embodiment, when the LED1 is internally pulled down to a low voltage in a trickle, constant current, constant voltage device, the current flowing through the photocoupler OT will be pulled down to a low voltage, and the LED1 indicator light will not be on. When the charging is completed, the pin LED1 disconnects the internal path, so that current through the photocoupler OT can flow through the LED1 indicator light and the LED1 indicator light.
It should be noted that the eighth resistor R8 is used for current limiting and voltage dividing, the sum of the voltage across the eighth resistor R8, the reverse breakdown voltage of the first zener diode ZD1, and the conduction voltage of the light emitting diode in the photocoupler OT is the conduction threshold voltage of the load detection circuit 50, and the photocoupler OT is used for coupling the feedback signal from the input side to the output side thereof, so as to perform the function of signal isolation transmission. By selecting the first zener diode ZD1 with a proper nominal value and the eighth resistor R8 with a proper resistance value, the conduction voltage threshold is made smaller than the voltages at the two ends of the battery load when the lowest electric quantity of the battery load is reached, so that the plugging and unplugging detection can be performed without considering the electric quantity of the battery load as long as the battery load is normally chargeable. Thus, when a battery load is inserted (at this time, the output capacitor of the charging circuit needs to be completely discharged, or the output voltage of the output capacitor is smaller than the conduction voltage threshold), a high level output by the load identification end LED is preset to pull up the fifth resistor R5, so that the phototriode in the photoelectric coupler meets the conduction condition, a path is formed between the fifth resistor R5, the light emitting diode LED1 and the phototriode and the ground, so that a current signal (namely a feedback signal) is generated to flow out of the load identification end LED, a current detection circuit (such as a resistor) is arranged in the load identification end LED of the control chip U1 to convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and then the current comparator is compared with a current reference to output battery load information (such as a high level), so that the battery load insertion is identified; similarly, when the battery load is pulled out, the output capacitor of the charging circuit starts to discharge until the voltage of the output capacitor is lower than the conduction threshold voltage of the load detection circuit 50, the first zener diode ZD1 cannot breakdown reversely, the photoelectric coupler OT cannot work, the circuit where the resistor R5, the light emitting diode LED1 and the photoelectric coupler OT are located is in an open circuit state, no current flows out from the load identification end LED of the control chip U1, the voltage input to the current comparator by the current detection circuit in the control chip U1 is reduced, and the current comparator outputs corresponding battery load information (such as a low level), so that the battery load is recognized to be pulled out. In the identification process, the LED1 is turned on or off, so that a user can visually check the plugging and unplugging state of the battery load. In some embodiments, the light emitting diode LED1 may not be used.
As shown in fig. 1, in the first embodiment, the control unit 20 includes a control chip U1 for generating a driving signal, a regulated power supply circuit 202 for receiving a first dc voltage to output a start voltage to the control chip U1, collecting an auxiliary winding voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 30 and outputting a supply voltage to the control chip U1, a switch circuit 205 for receiving the driving signal and controlling the voltage conversion circuit 30 to perform voltage conversion, a voltage feedback circuit 204 for collecting the auxiliary winding voltage of the voltage conversion circuit 30 and outputting a voltage feedback signal to feed back to the control chip U1, a current detection circuit 206 for collecting a primary winding current of the voltage conversion circuit 30 and outputting a current feedback signal to feed back to the control chip U1, and an RCD absorption circuit 203 for absorbing leakage inductance energy of the primary winding.
As shown in fig. 3, specifically, the output terminal of the first rectifying-filtering circuit 10 is connected to the first terminal of the regulated power supply circuit 202, the first terminal of the RCD absorption circuit 203, and the first terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 30, respectively. The second end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit 202 is connected with a power supply end VCC of the control chip U1; a second terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 30 is connected to a second terminal of the RCD snubber circuit 203 and to a first terminal of the switch circuit 205. The third terminal of the voltage conversion circuit 30 is connected to the third terminal of the regulated power supply circuit 202 and the first terminal of the voltage feedback circuit 204, respectively. The second terminal of the voltage feedback circuit 204 is connected to the voltage feedback pin FB of the control chip U1. The second terminal of the switch circuit 205 is connected to the driving pin DRV of the control chip U1, and the third terminal is connected to the first terminal of the current detection circuit 206. The second terminal of the current detection circuit 206 is connected to the current detection pin CS of the control chip U1.
In this embodiment, the control chip U1 adjusts the duty ratio of the driving signal according to the received voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal to control the voltage conversion circuit (30) to operate, so as to adjust the output voltage of the positive output terminal. The voltage feedback circuit 204 collects the voltages at the two ends of the auxiliary winding, and obtains a voltage feedback signal after voltage division. The current when the switching circuit 205 is turned on flows through the current detection circuit 206 to obtain a current feedback signal (voltage). The control chip U1 adjusts the duty ratio of the driving signal output by the driving pin DRV according to the voltage feedback signal received by the voltage feedback pin FB and the current feedback signal received by the current detection pin CS, and the switching circuit 205 continuously switches and outputs the switching signal according to the received driving signal to control the frequency of energy transfer of the voltage conversion circuit 30 and the length of energy storage and release time in a period, thereby adjusting the output voltage.
As shown in fig. 3, optionally, the control unit 20 further includes a first dc voltage collecting circuit 201 for collecting the first dc voltage and comparing the collected first dc voltage with a reference voltage in the control chip U1 to control the operation of the control chip U1. The first direct-current voltage acquisition circuit 201 is connected between the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit 10 and the overvoltage detection pin OVP of the control chip U1. The first direct current voltage acquisition circuit 201 includes a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 connected in series. A first end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the output end of the first rectifying-filtering circuit 10. The second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to ground. The connection node of the second end of the first resistor R1 and the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the overvoltage detection pin OVP of the control chip U1.
The first direct-current voltage acquisition circuit 201 receives a first direct-current voltage, divides the voltage by a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 to obtain a first direct-current divided voltage (voltage at two ends of a second resistor R2), inputs the first direct-current divided voltage to an overvoltage detection pin OVP of a control chip U1, compares the first direct-current divided voltage with a reference voltage inside the control chip U1 through a comparator to detect an overvoltage abnormal state of the first direct-current voltage, and can control the control chip U1 to stop working through an output signal after comparison and restore the working until the abnormal state is eliminated, so that the control chip U1 is protected from being damaged.
As shown in fig. 3, the regulated power supply circuit 202 is configured to receive the first direct current voltage and output a start voltage to the control chip U1, and rectify the received auxiliary winding voltage after the control chip U1 is started to output a stable operating voltage to the control chip U1, so as to implement regulated power supply. The regulated power supply 202 includes a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first diode D1, and a second polarity capacitor CE 2. The first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit 20, and the second end is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor R4, the power supply end of the control chip U1, and the anode of the second polarity capacitor CE 2. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4, the anode is connected to the first terminal of the auxiliary winding of the voltage converting circuit 30, and the second terminal of the auxiliary winding and the cathode of the second polarity capacitor CE2 are commonly grounded. The starting circuit of the control chip U1 is composed of a third resistor R3 (starting resistor) and a second polarity capacitor CE2, and is used for supplying power to the control chip U1 before the whole charging circuit is started, and then the collected voltage of the auxiliary winding is rectified by an auxiliary power supply circuit composed of a fourth resistor R4 and a first diode D1 and then continuously supplied to the control chip U1.
As shown in fig. 3, the voltage feedback circuit 204 is used for dividing the received auxiliary winding voltage to obtain a voltage feedback signal. The voltage feedback circuit 204 includes a thirteenth resistor R13 and a twelfth resistor R12. A first terminal of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to a connection node between the anode of the first diode D1 and the first terminal of the auxiliary winding. The second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected with the voltage feedback pin FB of the control chip U1 and the first end of the twelfth resistor R12 in sequence; a second terminal of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to ground. According to the turn relation of the primary winding, the secondary winding and the auxiliary winding in the voltage conversion circuit 30 and the voltage division relation of the thirteenth resistor R13 and the twelfth resistor R12, the control chip U1 can obtain the output voltage of the positive output end through the voltage feedback signal fed back to the voltage feedback pin FB, so that the duty ratio of the driving signal (PWM signal) of the switching circuit 205 is adjusted according to the voltage feedback signal, and the voltage of the positive output end is finally adjusted, so that the output voltage is stable.
As shown in fig. 3, the switching circuit 205 includes an N-MOS switch Q1 and an eleventh resistor R11. The drain of the N-MOS switch Q1 is connected to the second end of the primary winding, the gate is connected to the driving pin DRV of the control chip U1 and the first end of the eleventh resistor R11, respectively, and the source is connected to the first end of the current detection circuit 206. A second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to ground. The N-MOS switch Q1 is driven by a driving signal (PWM signal) of the control chip U1 to operate, so as to continuously perform a switching operation, so that the primary winding receives the first dc voltage to continuously store and release energy, and further, the primary energy is transferred to the secondary side where the secondary winding is located. In other embodiments, the switching tube Q1 may be a triode.
As shown in fig. 3, the current detection circuit 206 is configured to detect a current of a switching tube in the switching circuit 205 (the current is a current flowing through the primary winding of the voltage conversion circuit 30 when the switching circuit 205 is turned on) and output a current feedback signal to the current detection pin CS of the control chip. The current detection circuit 206 includes a ninth resistor R9 and a tenth resistor R10. The ninth resistor R9 has a first end connected to the current detection pin CS of the control chip U1, and a second end connected to the drain of the N-MOS switch Q1 and a first end of the tenth resistor R10, respectively. A second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to ground. The tenth resistor R10 is a current sampling resistor.
As shown in fig. 3, the RCD absorption circuit 203 is configured to absorb leakage inductance energy of the primary winding when the switching circuit 205 is turned off, so as to alleviate voltage spike, thereby preventing a switch tube in the switching circuit 205 from being broken down. The RCD snubber circuit 203 includes a first capacitor C1, a sixth resistor R6, and a second diode D2. The first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected to the output end of the first rectifying-filtering circuit 10, and is connected to the first end of the primary winding through the first end of the sixth resistor R6. A connection node at which the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 are commonly connected is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2. The anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the primary winding via the drain of the N-MOS switch Q1. The resistance of the sixth resistor R6 is selected according to the magnitude of the leakage inductance stored energy in the voltage converting circuit 30, the magnitude of the first capacitor C1 is selected such that the product of R1 and C1 does not exceed 1 millisecond, and the second diode D2 is preferably a fast recovery diode.
As shown in fig. 3, the second rectifying-smoothing circuit 40 is used to rectify and smooth the high-frequency pulse voltage of the secondary winding in the voltage converting circuit 30. The second rectifying and smoothing circuit 40 includes a third diode D3, a second capacitor C2, and a seventh resistor R7 connected in parallel. A first end of the secondary winding of the voltage conversion circuit 30 is connected to an anode of the third diode D3. The cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive output terminal via the second capacitor C2 and the first parallel node of the seventh resistor R7. The second parallel node of the second capacitor C2 and the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the second end of the secondary winding of the voltage converting circuit 30 and then commonly connected to the negative output terminal. The negative output terminal is grounded. The third diode D3 rectifies the high-frequency pulse on the secondary side to obtain a second dc voltage, the second capacitor C2 filters the second dc voltage to obtain a stable output voltage with smooth ripple, the second capacitor C2 (output capacitor) stores energy during the filtering process, and discharges the dummy load (seventh resistor R7) and the load detection circuit 50 after the battery load is pulled out, and the load detection circuit 50 is turned off from on during the discharging process.
As shown in fig. 3, the first rectifying and filtering circuit 10 is configured to rectify and filter 220V of the ac input and output a first dc voltage. The first rectifying and filtering circuit 10 includes a rectifying bridge BD and a first polarity capacitor CE1 connected to two output terminals of the rectifying bridge BD. The positive electrode of the first polarity capacitor CE1 is the output terminal of the first rectifying and filtering circuit 10. The negative terminal of the first polarity capacitor CE1 is connected to ground. The rectifier bridge BD is preferably a full-bridge rectifier bridge, and the first polarity capacitor CE1 is an input filter capacitor.
Further, the error amplifier load terminal CMP of the control chip U1 is connected to the anode of the third polar capacitor CE 3. The negative terminal of the third polar capacitor CE3 is grounded. The ground pin GND of the control chip U1 is grounded.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to the second embodiment.
As shown in fig. 4, the second embodiment is based on the first embodiment, and further includes an anti-spark circuit 60 connected between the output terminal of the second rectifying-smoothing circuit 40 and the positive output terminal of the charging circuit. The anti-sparking circuit 60 includes a fourth diode D4. The cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the positive output terminal, and the anode is connected to the output terminal of the second rectifying-smoothing circuit 40, i.e. the first parallel node of the second capacitor C2 and the seventh resistor R7 in the second rectifying-smoothing circuit 40.
The principle of preventing striking sparks is as follows: when the voltage of the output capacitor (the second capacitor C2) is different from the voltage of the battery load, the battery load is inserted between the positive output end and the negative output end, which is commonly called as "sparking", and after the anti-sparking circuit 60 is added, because the battery load is not inserted yet, the output capacitor (the second capacitor C2) discharges the dummy load (the seventh resistor R7) first, so that after the battery load is inserted, the voltage of the battery load is higher than that of the output capacitor (the second capacitor C2), and the fourth diode D4 is cut off in the reverse direction, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing sparking.
The rest of the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, and is not described in detail.
On the other hand, the present invention further provides a charger for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load, including the charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment. The charger can detect the plugging state of the battery load, and has simple circuit structure and lower cost.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A charging circuit for detecting a plugging state of a battery load, comprising: a charging control circuit, a control unit (20) connected to the charging control circuit, and a load detection circuit (50);
the input end of the charging control circuit is connected with the alternating current input end, and the output end of the charging control circuit is connected with the positive output end; one end of the load detection circuit is connected with the positive output end, and the other end of the load detection circuit is connected with the control unit (20);
the charging control circuit receives the alternating voltage, controls the alternating voltage according to the control of the control unit (20), and outputs output voltage from the positive output end;
the load detection circuit (50) is switched on or off according to the signal size of the positive output end, and outputs a feedback signal to the control unit (20) when the load detection circuit is switched on.
2. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to claim 1, wherein the charging control circuit comprises: the control circuit comprises a first rectifying and filtering circuit (10) for receiving alternating-current voltage and rectifying and filtering the alternating-current voltage to output first direct-current voltage, a voltage conversion circuit (30) for receiving a switching signal of the control unit (20) and converting the first direct-current voltage into pulse voltage, and a second rectifying and filtering circuit (40) for rectifying the pulse voltage into second direct-current voltage and outputting output voltage from the positive output end after filtering the pulse voltage;
the output end of a first rectification filter circuit (10) connected with the alternating current input end is sequentially and respectively connected with the control unit (20) and the voltage conversion circuit (30); the control unit (20) is connected with the voltage conversion circuit (30); the voltage conversion circuit (30) is sequentially connected with the second rectifying and filtering circuit (40) and the positive output end; the load detection circuit (50) is connected between the positive output terminal and the control unit (20);
when the load detection circuit (50) is switched on, the control unit (20) detects the battery load plugging state according to the received feedback signal; and/or the control unit (20) detects a current signal of a connection end of the load detection circuit (50) and detects the battery load plugging and unplugging state according to the current signal.
3. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging state of a battery load according to claim 2, further comprising an anti-spark circuit (60) connected between the second rectifying-filtering circuit (40) and the positive output terminal; the anti-sparking circuit includes a fourth diode D4; the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected with the positive output end, and the anode is connected with the output end of the second rectifying and filtering circuit (40).
4. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the load detection circuit (50) comprises an eighth resistor R8, a first zener diode ZD1, a photocoupler OT, a first light emitting diode LED1 and a fifth resistor R5;
one end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the positive output end, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the first zener diode ZD 1; the anode of the first voltage-stabilizing diode ZD1 is connected with the anode of the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler OT, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode of the photoelectric coupler OT is connected with the negative output end; the negative output end is grounded; a triode collector of the photoelectric coupler OT is connected with a cathode of a first light-emitting diode LED1, and a triode emitter of the photoelectric coupler OT is grounded; the anode of the first light emitting diode LED1 is connected with one end of the fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected with the load identification end LED of the control chip U1 in the control unit (20).
5. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of a battery load according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the control unit (20) comprises a control chip U1 for generating a driving signal, a voltage stabilizing and supplying circuit (202) for receiving the first direct current voltage to output a starting voltage to the control chip U1, collecting an auxiliary winding voltage of the voltage converting circuit (30) and outputting a supplying voltage to the control chip U1, a switching circuit (205) for receiving the driving signal and controlling the voltage converting circuit (30) to perform voltage conversion, a voltage feedback circuit (204) for collecting the auxiliary winding voltage of the voltage converting circuit (30) and outputting a voltage feedback signal to feed back to the control chip U1, a current detecting circuit (206) for collecting a primary winding current of the voltage converting circuit (30) and outputting a current feedback signal to the control chip U1, and an RCD absorbing circuit (203) for absorbing leakage energy of the primary winding inductance;
the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit (10) is respectively connected with the first end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit (202), the first end of the RCD absorption circuit (203) and the first end of the voltage conversion circuit (30); the second end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit (202) is connected with a power supply end VCC of the control chip U1; the second end of the voltage conversion circuit (30) is connected with the second end of the RCD absorption circuit (203) and the first end of the switch circuit (205); the third end of the voltage conversion circuit (30) is respectively connected with the third end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit (202) and the first end of the voltage feedback circuit (204); the second end of the voltage feedback circuit (204) is connected with a voltage feedback pin FB of the control chip U1; the second end of the switch circuit (205) is connected with a driving pin DRV of the control chip U1, and the third end is connected with the first end of the current detection circuit (206); the second end of the current detection circuit (206) is connected with a current detection pin CS of the control chip U1;
the control chip U1 adjusts the duty ratio of the driving signal according to the received voltage feedback signal and the current feedback signal to control the voltage conversion circuit (30) to work, so as to adjust the output voltage of the positive output end.
6. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of a battery load according to claim 5, wherein the control unit (20) further comprises a first direct current voltage collecting circuit (201) for collecting the first direct current voltage and comparing the first direct current voltage with a reference voltage in the control chip U1 to control whether the control chip U1 works or not; the first direct-current voltage acquisition circuit (201) is connected between the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit (10) and an overvoltage detection pin OVP of the control chip U1;
the first direct current voltage acquisition circuit (201) comprises a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2 connected in series; a first end of the first resistor R1 is connected with an output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit (10); a second end of the second resistor R2 is grounded; the connection node of the second end of the first resistor R1 and the first end of the second resistor R2 is connected with the overvoltage detection pin OVP of the control chip U1.
7. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of a battery load according to claim 5, wherein the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit (202) comprises a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first diode D1 and a second polarity capacitor CE 2; a first end of the third resistor R3 is connected with an output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit (20), and a second end of the third resistor R3 is connected with a first end of the fourth resistor R4, a power supply end of the control chip U1 and an anode of the second polarity capacitor CE2 in sequence; the cathode of the first diode D1 is connected with the second end of the fourth resistor R4, the anode is connected with the first end of the auxiliary winding of the voltage conversion circuit (30), and the second end of the auxiliary winding and the cathode of the second polarity capacitor CE2 are connected with the ground in common;
the voltage feedback circuit (204) comprises a thirteenth resistor R13 and a twelfth resistor R12; a first end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to a connection node between the anode of the first diode D1 and the first end of the auxiliary winding; the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected with the voltage feedback pin FB of the control chip U1 and the first end of the twelfth resistor R12 in sequence; a second end of the twelfth resistor R12 is grounded;
the switch circuit (204) comprises an N-MOS switch tube Q1 and an eleventh resistor R11; the drain electrode of the N-MOS switching tube Q1 is connected with the second end of the primary winding, the grid electrode of the N-MOS switching tube Q1 is respectively connected with the driving pin DRV of the control chip U1 and the first end of the eleventh resistor R11, and the source electrode of the N-MOS switching tube Q1 is connected with the first end of the current detection circuit (206); a second end of the eleventh resistor R11 is grounded;
the current detection circuit (206) comprises a ninth resistor R9 and a tenth resistor R10; a first end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the current detection pin CS of the control chip U1, and a second end is connected to the drain of the N-MOS switch Q1 and the first end of the tenth resistor R10, respectively; a second end of the tenth resistor R10 is grounded;
the RCD absorption circuit (203) comprises a first capacitor C1, a sixth resistor R6 and a second diode D2; the first end of the first capacitor C1 is connected with the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit (10), and is connected with the first end of the primary winding through the first end of the sixth resistor R6; a connection node at which the second terminal of the first capacitor C1 and the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6 are commonly connected is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the second end of the primary winding through the drain of the N-MOS switch Q1.
8. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging and unplugging state of a battery load according to claim 2, wherein the second rectifying and filtering circuit (40) comprises a third diode D3, a second capacitor C2 and a seventh resistor R7 which are connected in parallel; a first end of a secondary winding of the voltage conversion circuit (30) is connected with an anode of the third diode D3; the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the positive output terminal via the first parallel node of the second capacitor C2 and a seventh resistor R7; a second parallel node of the second capacitor C2 and the seventh resistor R7 is connected with a second end of the secondary winding of the voltage conversion circuit (30) and then is commonly connected with a negative output end; the negative output end is grounded;
the first rectifying and filtering circuit (10) comprises a rectifying bridge BD and a first polarity capacitor CE1 connected with two output ends of the rectifying bridge BD; the positive electrode of the first polarity capacitor CE1 is the output end of the first rectifying and filtering circuit (10); the negative electrode of the first polarity capacitor CE1 is grounded.
9. The charging circuit for detecting the plugging/unplugging status of a battery load according to claim 5, wherein the error amplifier load terminal CMP of the control chip U1 is connected to the anode of a third polar capacitor CE 3; the negative electrode of the third polar capacitor CE3 is grounded; the ground pin GND of the control chip U1 is grounded.
10. A charger for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load, comprising a charging circuit for detecting a plugging/unplugging state of a battery load according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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Application publication date: 20210618 |
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