CN112993335B - Calibration method of fuel cell thermal management system - Google Patents

Calibration method of fuel cell thermal management system Download PDF

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CN112993335B
CN112993335B CN202110560662.4A CN202110560662A CN112993335B CN 112993335 B CN112993335 B CN 112993335B CN 202110560662 A CN202110560662 A CN 202110560662A CN 112993335 B CN112993335 B CN 112993335B
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thermostat
fuel cell
management system
thermal management
temperature sensor
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CN112993335A (en
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赵兴旺
盛有冬
杨绍军
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04686—Failure or abnormal function of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a calibration method of a fuel cell thermal management system, and belongs to the field of fuel cells. The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system comprises the steps of calculating the actual heat capacity C1 of a galvanic pile and an L1 loop in the warm-up process, judging whether the position of the thermostat is abnormal or not according to the comparison of the actual heat capacity C1 and the theoretical heat capacity C0, and judging whether the thermostat is automatically calibrated in the shutdown process or not according to the judgment whether the position of the thermostat is abnormal or not. According to the technical scheme, the automation of abnormity judgment and calibration of the thermostat can be realized, the driving experience of a driver is not influenced, and the intelligent control effect that the driver does not sense is realized.

Description

Calibration method of fuel cell thermal management system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a calibration method of a fuel cell thermal management system.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the working principle that hydrogen and oxygen generate electrochemical reaction to generate water and output electric energy at the same time. Because the voltage of the fuel cell is usually less than 1V, in practical application, hundreds of single cells need to be connected in series to form a fuel cell stack and matched with corresponding peripheral accessories to form a fuel cell system.
The thermal management system is one of the key subsystems of the fuel cell system, and generally, the thermal management system comprises a thermostat and other parts, but the thermostat cannot be completely shut down due to the problems of feedback position deviation and the like, such as zero drift and the like, in the use process, so that the dynamic characteristics, the cold start and other functions of the fuel cell system are influenced.
The prior technical scheme includes methods such as temperature difference of temperatures measured by temperature sensors in front of and behind a thermostat, but the method needs to increase the number of the temperature sensors, is related to scenes, and may have misjudgment.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a calibration method for a fuel cell thermal management system to solve the technical problem that the position of the thermostat cannot be accurately identified on line.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration method of a fuel cell thermal management system, which can realize the automation of abnormity judgment and calibration of a thermostat, does not influence the driving experience of a driver and realizes the intelligent control effect of no perception of the driver.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention provides a calibration method of a fuel cell heat management system, wherein the fuel cell heat management system comprises an electric pile, a water inlet temperature sensor, a water outlet temperature sensor, a water pump, a thermostat and a heat dissipation part, wherein the electric pile, the water inlet temperature sensor, the water pump and the water outlet temperature sensor form an L1 loop without the heat dissipation part; the galvanic pile, the water inlet temperature sensor, the thermostat, the heat dissipation part, the water pump and the water outlet temperature sensor form an L2 loop containing the heat dissipation part; the calibration method comprises the following steps:
s01: starting a fuel cell to warm up;
s02: the method for calculating the actual heat capacity C1 of the electric pile and the L1 loop according to the warm-up process parameters comprises the following steps:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
i is the current of the stack, n is the number of individual sheets,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
for a period of time during the warm-up process,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the temperature of the galvanic pile in the corresponding time is raised;
s03: judging that C1 is more than C0+ m, wherein C0 is theoretical heat capacity, C0 comprises heat capacity of a galvanic pile and an L1 loop, and m is control margin, if yes, entering S031, and if no, entering S032;
s031: marking the thermostat position abnormity, and switching to S04;
s032: marking the normal position of the thermostat, and switching to S04;
s04: after the system warming is finished, entering a running state;
s05: entering a shutdown process of the fuel cell system;
s06: judging whether the position of the thermostat is abnormal, if so, switching to S07, and if not, switching to S08;
s07: carrying out thermostat calibration, re-marking the marking result of the thermostat as normal, and switching to S08;
s08: and (6) ending.
Further, S01 indicates that the stack water-out temperature has not reached the target water-out temperature, and the fuel cell system is started up and warmed up.
Further, the air conditioner is provided with a fan,
Figure 27004DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the temperature rise of the water outlet temperature of the electric pile or the average value of the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature is referred to.
Further, the Flag indicating that the thermostat position is normal in S032 and S07 is Flag =0, and the Flag indicating that the thermostat position is abnormal in S031 and S06 is Flag = 1.
Further, the specific method for resetting the calibration result of the thermostat to normal in S07 includes: in the shutdown process, the water pump stops rotating and the thermostat is completely closed, so that the driving torque can be properly increased to completely open and close the thermostat three times continuously, the position feedback signal during the completely closed state is set to be 0, and the feedback MAP is updated.
Further, the heat dissipation member includes a heat sink and a heat dissipation fan.
Further, the heat dissipation part further comprises a heat sink inlet temperature sensor, and the heat sink inlet temperature sensor is arranged at an inlet of the heat sink.
Compared with the prior art, the calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system comprises the steps of calculating the actual thermal capacity C1 of the galvanic pile and the L1 loop in the warming-up process, judging whether the position of the thermostat is abnormal or not according to the comparison between the actual thermal capacity C1 and the theoretical thermal capacity C0, and judging whether the thermostat is automatically calibrated in the shutdown process or not according to whether the position of the thermostat is abnormal or not. According to the technical scheme, the automation of abnormity judgment and calibration of the thermostat can be realized, the driving experience of a driver is not influenced, and the intelligent control effect that the driver does not sense is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system of the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system according to the embodiment.
Reference numerals:
1-electric pile; 2-water inlet temperature sensor; 3-a thermostat; 4-a heat-dissipating component; 41-a radiator; 42-a heat dissipation fan; 5-a radiator inlet temperature sensor; 6, a water pump; 7-water outlet temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a thermal management system for a fuel cell, which includes a stack 1, a water inlet temperature sensor 2, a water outlet temperature sensor 7, a water pump 6, a thermostat 3, and a heat dissipation member 4. Specifically, the fuel cell thermal management system comprises an L1 loop which does not comprise a heat dissipation component 4 and is formed by a galvanic pile 1, a water inlet temperature sensor 2, a water pump 6 and a water outlet temperature sensor 7; the cell stack 1, the water inlet temperature sensor 2, the thermostat 3, the heat radiating member 4, the water pump 6, and the water outlet temperature sensor 7 constitute an L2 loop including the heat radiator 41.
Optionally, the heat dissipation member 4 includes a heat sink 41 and a heat dissipation fan 42, and part of heat of the stack 1 is dissipated to the environment through the heat dissipation member 4. Preferably, the heat-radiating member 4 further includes a heat sink inlet temperature sensor 5, and the heat sink inlet temperature sensor 5 is provided at an inlet of the heat sink 41.
The fuel cell thermal management system of the embodiment adopts a brand-new automatic calibration method, as shown in fig. 2, the calibration method includes the following steps:
s01: starting and warming up the fuel cell, specifically to a process of starting and warming up the fuel cell system, wherein the water outlet temperature of the stack 1 does not reach the target water outlet temperature;
s02: the actual heat capacities C1 of the cell stack 1 and the L1 loop are calculated according to the parameters of the warm-up process, specifically, the actual heat capacity C1 of the fuel cell thermal management system can be obtained according to the parameters of the warm-up process because the water outlet temperature of the cell stack 1 does not reach the target water outlet temperature, and the thermostat 3 is normally kept closed at this time:
Figure 412986DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein,
Figure 786199DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
i is the current of the stack, n is the number of individual sheets,
Figure 650250DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
for a period of time during the warm-up process,
Figure 58097DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the temperature rise of the stack 1 in the corresponding time is shown. In particular, among them
Figure 349401DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Can refer to the temperature rise of the water outlet temperature of the galvanic pile 1, and also can refer to the temperature rise of the average value of the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature.
S03: judging that C1 is C0+ m, wherein C0 is theoretical heat capacity, C0 comprises heat capacity of the electric pile 1 and an L1 loop, and the parameter C0 is a constant for one engine and can be obtained through experiments or material theoretical calculation. And m is a control margin, and when the difference between C1 and C0 exceeds m, it is considered that the thermostat 3 is not completely closed at this time, resulting in the coolant of the L2 circuit also being heated during the warm-up. If yes, entering S031; if not, the operation goes to S032;
s031: the thermostat 3 is out of position and the process proceeds to S04;
s032: the thermostat 3 is in a normal position, and the operation is switched to S04;
s04: after the system warming is finished, entering a running state;
s05: entering a shutdown process of the fuel cell system;
s06: judging whether the position of the thermostat 3 is abnormal, if so, switching to S07, and if not, switching to S08;
s07: calibration of the thermostat 3 is performed, and the result of the marking of the thermostat 3 is relabeled as normal, and the process proceeds to S08.
S08: and (6) ending.
Specifically, there is a boot process before S01. Flag of normal thermostat 3 position in S032 and S07 is Flag =0, and Flag of abnormal thermostat 3 position in S031 and S06 is Flag =1, where Flag is a Flag indicating one kind of sign, and the sign commonly used in software layers represents different states.
Further, in S06, the method of determining whether or not the thermostat 3 is abnormal in position is to determine whether Flag =1 is satisfied.
Preferably, in S07, since the thermostat 3 is abnormally located, the thermostat 3 needs to be calibrated, specifically, the set Flag =0 is set, and more specifically, the method of setting Flag =0 includes a state where the water pump 6 is stopped and the thermostat 3 is completely closed during shutdown, so that the driving torque may be appropriately increased to fully open and fully close the thermostat 3 three times in succession, and the position feedback signal at the time of fully closing is set to 0, and the feedback MAP is updated (the MAP here refers to a mapping relationship between the duty ratio of the feedback signal and the angle of the thermostat opening, for example, [10% 90% ] is mapped to the thermostat opening angle [0 ° 90 ° ]). After calibration is completed, Flag =0 is set.
The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the embodiment comprises the steps of calculating the actual heat capacity C1 of the electric pile and the L1 loop in the warm-up process, judging whether the position of the thermostat 3 is abnormal or not according to the comparison between the actual heat capacity C1 and the theoretical heat capacity C0, and judging whether the thermostat 3 is automatically calibrated in the shutdown process or not according to whether the position of the thermostat 3 is abnormal or not. According to the technical scheme, the automation of abnormity judgment and calibration of the thermostat 3 can be realized, the driving experience of a driver is not influenced, and the intelligent control effect of no perception of the driver is realized.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system is characterized in that the fuel cell thermal management system comprises an electric pile (1), a water inlet temperature sensor (2), a water outlet temperature sensor (7), a water pump (6), a thermostat (3) and a heat dissipation component (4), wherein the electric pile (1), the water inlet temperature sensor (2), the water pump (6) and the water outlet temperature sensor (7) form an L1 loop without the heat dissipation component (4); the galvanic pile (1), the water inlet temperature sensor (2), the thermostat (3), the heat dissipation component (4), the water pump (6) and the water outlet temperature sensor (7) form an L2 loop containing the heat dissipation component (4); the calibration method comprises the following steps:
s01: starting a fuel cell to warm up;
s02: the method for calculating the actual heat capacity C1 of the electric pile (1) and the L1 loop according to the warm-up process parameters comprises the following steps:
Figure 542294DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein,
Figure 69221DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
is the average monolithic voltage, I is the current of the electric pile (1), n is the monolithic number,
Figure 724325DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
for a period of time during the warm-up process,
Figure 853955DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the temperature rise of the galvanic pile (1) in the corresponding time is obtained;
s03: judging that C1 is more than C0+ m, wherein C0 is theoretical heat capacity, C0 comprises heat capacity of a galvanic pile (1) and an L1 loop, and m is control margin, if yes, entering S031, and if not, entering S032;
s031: marking the thermostat (3) with abnormal position, and switching to S04;
s032: marking the normal position of the thermostat (3), and switching to S04;
s04: after the system warming is finished, entering a running state;
s05: entering a shutdown process of the fuel cell system;
s06: judging whether the position of the thermostat (3) is abnormal, if so, switching to S07, and if not, switching to S08;
s07: carrying out thermostat calibration, re-marking the marking result of the thermostat (3) as normal, and switching to S08;
s08: and (6) ending.
2. The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein S01 refers to a process of starting up and warming up the fuel cell system when the water outlet temperature of the stack (1) has not reached the target water outlet temperature.
3. According to claim 1The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system is characterized in that,
Figure 289833DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the temperature rise of the water outlet temperature of the electric pile (1) or the average value of the water inlet temperature and the water outlet temperature is referred to.
4. The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the Flag bit indicating the normal position of the thermostat (3) in S032 and S07 is Flag =0, and the Flag bit indicating the abnormal position of the thermostat (3) in S031 and S06 is Flag = 1.
5. The calibration method of the fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the thermostat calibration is performed in S07, and the specific method for re-labeling the result of the thermostat (3) as normal includes: in the shutdown process, the water pump (6) stops rotating and the thermostat (3) is completely closed, so that the driving torque is properly increased to completely open and completely close the thermostat (3) for three times continuously, the position feedback signal in the completely closed state is set to be 0, and the feedback MAP is updated.
6. A calibration method for a fuel cell thermal management system according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the heat sink (4) comprises a heat sink (41) and a heat sink fan (42).
7. Method for calibrating a fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that the heat sink (4) further comprises a heat sink inlet temperature sensor (5), the heat sink inlet temperature sensor (5) being arranged at the inlet of the heat sink (41).
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JP4261679B2 (en) * 1999-04-30 2009-04-30 本田技研工業株式会社 Temperature control device for fuel gas in fuel cell system
CN108507763B (en) * 2017-02-28 2020-04-07 联合汽车电子有限公司 Thermostat fault active diagnosis method and system
CN109830710B (en) * 2019-01-29 2020-11-17 广东国鸿氢能科技有限公司 Method for testing heat capacity of fuel cell stack
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