CN112993268A - Nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode based on GCE and application thereof - Google Patents
Nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode based on GCE and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910020427 K2PtCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000083 pulse voltammetry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 9
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012490 blank solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8853—Electrodeposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/30—Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell electrodes, and discloses a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode and application thereof. The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode comprises a GCE as a substrate and a conducting layer, nano nickel platinum particles are an electrochemical deposition layer, the nano platinum particles are deposited on the nano nickel particles, and the nano nickel particles are deposited on the GCE. The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is applied to the construction of a glucose fuel cell by the electrocatalytic oxidation of a glucose solution. The invention provides a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode and application thereof, and the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is a fuel cell anode with higher catalytic activity and stability. On the basis, a new method is provided for the construction of the glucose fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell electrodes, and relates to a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode and application thereof.
Background
Although fuel cells have been in history for many years, they have not been considered candidates for energy conversion until recently because of the small amount of fuel available for fuel cells. Although fuel cells are superior in some respects, they have problems in terms of life, stability, etc. Under the operating environment of the fuel cell, many factors, such as catalyst surface poisoning and carbon particle dissolution, can reduce the efficiency and lifetime of the fuel cell, and reduce the efficiency of the fuel cell. Therefore, research into electrodes having anti-toxicity properties, reducing the cost of fuel cells, and improving the lifespan and stability have become a hot research issue.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode and application thereof, and the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is a fuel cell anode with higher catalytic activity and stability. On the basis, a new method is provided for the construction of the glucose fuel cell.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode comprises a GCE as a substrate and a conducting layer, nano nickel platinum particles are an electrochemical deposition layer, the nano platinum particles are deposited on the nano nickel particles, and the nano nickel particles are deposited on the GCE.
The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is applied to the construction of a glucose fuel cell by the electrocatalytic oxidation of a glucose solution. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum wire is used as a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system, and the three-electrode system is placed in a glucose solution taking a sodium hydroxide solution as an electrolyte to be combined into a glucose fuel cell.
The GCE is a glassy carbon electrode.
Further, the electrolyte is 0.1-10mol/L NaOH, preferably 1mol/L NaOH, and the pH is 14.
The preparation method of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a GCE electrode: polishing GCE into a mirror surface, ultrasonically cleaning the GCE for 30 minutes by using deionized water, taking out, washing by using the deionized water, and drying by using nitrogen; putting the electrode cleaned and blow-dried by the deionized water into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, taking out, washing by the deionized water, and blow-drying by nitrogen; placing the electrode cleaned and blow-dried by acetone into an ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, taking out, washing by deionized water, and blow-drying by nitrogen; preparing a GCE electrode;
(2) preparing a GCE-based nano nickel electrode: a three-electrode system is adopted, a GCE electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode and a platinum wire electrode are used as reference electrodes and a counter electrode are put into an electrolytic cell filled with 1M nickel sulfate solution; and (3) setting electrodeposition parameters of the electrochemical workstation by adopting a Fourier transform alternating current voltammetry method: initial potential: -0.5V, end point potential: 0.1V time, number of scan segments: 20, standing for 2 s; the deposited electrode is protected by nitrogen and is placed for standby after one day; preparing a nano nickel electrode based on GCE;
(3) preparing a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode: adopting a three-electrode system, and immersing a nano-structured GCE-based nano-nickel electrode into 5mmol/L K2PtCl4And 0.05mol/L potassium nitrate, using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode and Ag/Ag Cl as a reference electrode; setting electrodeposition parameters of an electrochemical workstation by adopting a conventional pulse voltammetry method: setting an initial voltage: -1.0V, end point potential: -0.3V, potential increment 0.05V, pulse width 50 s; and (4) protecting the deposited electrode with nitrogen, and standing for later use for two days to prepare the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode.
The ultrasonic frequency in the technical scheme of the invention is 40 KHz.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the GCE is adopted to prepare the electrode with high sensitivity to glucose, and when the glucose is used as a base liquid, the electrode has the advantages of good catalytic effect, high sensitivity, good selectivity, stable structure and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface topography diagram of a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing cyclic voltammograms of a glucose solution and a blank solution.
FIG. 3 is a plot of cyclic voltammograms of different sweep rates of glucose solutions.
FIG. 4 is a standard graph of glucose at different sweep rates.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the anti-poisoning effect of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods adopted by the invention are all conventional methods, and experimental equipment, materials, reagents and the like used in the experimental method can be obtained from commercial sources.
Example 1
The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode comprises a GCE as a substrate and a conducting layer, nano nickel platinum particles are an electrochemical deposition layer, the nano platinum particles are deposited on the nano nickel particles, and the nano nickel particles are deposited on the GCE.
The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is applied to the construction of a glucose fuel cell by the electrocatalytic oxidation of a glucose solution. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum wire is used as a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system, and the three-electrode system is placed in a glucose solution taking a sodium hydroxide solution as an electrolyte to be combined into a glucose fuel cell.
Further, the electrolyte is 1mol/L NaOH, and the pH value is 14.
The preparation method of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing a GCE electrode: polishing GCE into a mirror surface, ultrasonically cleaning the GCE for 30 minutes by using deionized water, taking out, washing by using the deionized water, and drying by using nitrogen; ultrasonic cleaning is carried out for 30 minutes by acetone and ethanol in sequence, the electrode cleaned and dried by deionized water is put into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, and then the electrode is taken out, washed by deionized water and dried by nitrogen; placing the electrode cleaned and blow-dried by acetone into an ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, taking out, washing by deionized water, and blow-drying by nitrogen; preparing a GCE electrode;
(2) preparing a GCE-based nano nickel electrode: a three-electrode system is adopted, a GCE electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode and a platinum wire electrode are used as reference electrodes and a counter electrode are put into an electrolytic cell filled with 1M nickel sulfate solution; and (3) setting electrodeposition parameters of the electrochemical workstation by adopting a Fourier transform alternating current voltammetry method: initial potential: -0.5V, end point potential: 0.1V time, number of scan segments: 20, standing for 2 s; the deposited electrode is protected by nitrogen and is placed for standby after one day; preparing a nano nickel electrode based on GCE;
(3) preparing a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode: adopting a three-electrode system, and immersing a nano-structured GCE-based nano-nickel electrode into 5mmol/L K2PtCl4And 0.05mol/L potassium nitrate, using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode and Ag/Ag Cl as a reference electrode; setting electrodeposition parameters of an electrochemical workstation by adopting a conventional pulse voltammetry method: setting an initial voltage: -1.0V, end point potential: -0.3V, potential increment 0.05V, pulse width 50 s; and (4) protecting the deposited electrode with nitrogen, and standing for later use for two days to prepare the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode.
The surface topography of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is shown in figure 1, wherein the nano particles on the electrode are uniform in size and distribution, and the electrocatalytic performance is particularly outstanding.
Experimental application study case 1
Comparing the cyclic voltammetry curves of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode prepared in the example 1 between a glucose solution and a blank solution;
three-electrode system: the method comprises the following steps of taking a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system, placing the three-electrode system in a NaOH solution with the pH value of 14 and the concentration of 1mol/L, scanning within a potential range of-0.2-1V by using a cyclic voltammetry method, and recording a cyclic voltammetry curve of a blank solution; then, placing the three-electrode system in 10mmol/L glucose solution to be detected, which contains 1mol/L NaOH solution with pH of 14 as supporting electrolyte, scanning within a potential range of-0.2-1V by using a cyclic voltammetry method, and recording a cyclic voltammetry curve of glucose; as shown in fig. 2: testing the catalytic effect of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode on 10mmol/L glucose at a scanning speed of 100 mV/s; from fig. 2, it can be seen that the nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode based on GCE has good catalytic activity for glucose. The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is proved to be capable of efficiently converting the biological energy into the electric energy.
Experimental application study case 2
GCE-based cyclic voltammetric response of nano-nickel/nano-platinum composite electrode to glucose with same concentration and different sweep rates
Three-electrode system: a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode, a platinum wire is used as a counter electrode to form a three-electrode system, the three-electrode system is sequentially placed in 10mm glucose solution to be detected containing 1mol/L NaOH solution with the pH value of 14 as supporting electrolyte, glucose solutions with different scanning speeds are detected at the same concentration, the scanning speeds are respectively 20m V/s, 40m V/s, 60m V/s, 80mV/s and 100m V/s, and the scanning is carried out within the potential range of-0.2-1V by using a cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms of glucose at the same concentration and different sweep rates were recorded. As shown in fig. 3 and 4: as can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, as the sweep rate is increased, the oxidation current of the nano-electrode in the glucose solution is also increased, the oxidation peak is also increased, and a good linear response for catalyzing glucose is presented, so that the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode can be proved to be used for catalyzing glucose to be diffusion control.
Experimental application study case 3
GCE-based determination of anti-poisoning capacity of nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode
Three-electrode system: a three-electrode system is formed by taking a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode as a reference electrode and a platinum wire as a counter electrode, the three-electrode system is placed in a NaOH solution with the pH value of 14 and the concentration of 1mol/L, and a time current curve of ethanol is recorded under the potential of 0.7V by using a time current method. However, as shown in fig. 5, after the 1000s anti-poisoning treatment, the current still maintains 80% of the original current, so that the nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode based on the GCE has strong anti-poisoning capability and a stable structure.
The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the invention, rather than all possible embodiments of the invention. Any obvious modifications to the above would be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, but would not bring the invention so modified beyond the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode is characterized by comprising a GCE as a substrate and a conducting layer, nano nickel platinum particles are an electrochemical deposition layer, the nano platinum particles are deposited on the nano nickel particles, and the nano nickel particles are deposited on the GCE.
2. The use of the GCE-based nano-nickel/nano-platinum composite electrode of claim 1 in the construction of a glucose fuel cell by electrocatalytic oxidation of a glucose solution.
3. The preparation method of the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a GCE electrode: polishing GCE into a mirror surface, ultrasonically cleaning the GCE for 30 minutes by using deionized water, taking out, washing by using the deionized water, and drying by using nitrogen; putting the electrode cleaned and blow-dried by the deionized water into an acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, taking out, washing by the deionized water, and blow-drying by nitrogen; placing the electrode cleaned and blow-dried by acetone into an ethanol solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, taking out, washing by deionized water, and blow-drying by nitrogen; preparing a GCE electrode;
(2) preparing a GCE-based nano nickel electrode: a three-electrode system is adopted, a GCE electrode is used as a working electrode, an Ag/AgCl electrode and a platinum wire electrode are used as reference electrodes and a counter electrode are put into an electrolytic cell filled with 1M nickel sulfate solution; and (3) setting electrodeposition parameters of the electrochemical workstation by adopting a Fourier transform alternating current voltammetry method: initial potential: -0.5V, end point potential: 0.1V time, number of scan segments: 20, standing for 2 s; the deposited electrode is protected by nitrogen and is placed for standby after one day; preparing a nano nickel electrode based on GCE;
(3) preparing a GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode: g-based in nanostructures using a three-electrode systemImmersing nano nickel electrode of CE into 5mmol/L K2PtCl4And 0.05mol/L potassium nitrate, using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode and Ag/Ag Cl as a reference electrode; setting electrodeposition parameters of an electrochemical workstation by adopting a conventional pulse voltammetry method: setting an initial voltage: -1.0V, end point potential: -0.3V, potential increment 0.05V, pulse width 50 s; and (4) protecting the deposited electrode with nitrogen, and standing for later use for two days to prepare the GCE-based nano nickel/nano platinum composite electrode.
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