CN112992384A - Carbon fiber reinforced composite CFC protection limiter - Google Patents
Carbon fiber reinforced composite CFC protection limiter Download PDFInfo
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- CN112992384A CN112992384A CN202110174722.9A CN202110174722A CN112992384A CN 112992384 A CN112992384 A CN 112992384A CN 202110174722 A CN202110174722 A CN 202110174722A CN 112992384 A CN112992384 A CN 112992384A
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- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/03—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with inertial plasma confinement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/25—Maintenance, e.g. repair or remote inspection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a CFC (carbon fiber reinforced composite) protection limiter which mainly comprises CFC modules, an oxygen-free copper metallization layer, a chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body and a stainless steel framework, wherein the CFC modules of the limiter are arranged in an annular array along the longitudinal direction of an antenna and in an isosceles trapezoid shape along the transverse direction, a preset distance is kept between the CFC modules and the modules, a stress release groove is machined on the surface of the heat sink main body, the CFC modules and the chromium-zirconium-copper are sealed and connected by high-temperature brazing, and the heat of the CFC surface is taken away by CFC surface heat load. The invention provides a high heat load resistant (> 2 MW/m)2) The limiter structure and the reliable preparation method effectively avoid the sputtering damage of high-energy particles to the surface of the antenna component when the long-pulse high-temperature plasma is in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear technology application, in particular to a carbon fiber reinforced composite (CFC) (carbon fiber reinforced composites) protective limiter (resistant to high heat load under long-pulse high-parameter plasma operation).
Background
In the nuclear fusion device which is important at home and abroad, the heating antenna facing to the plasma is strongly impacted by high-energy particles scattered in the plasma and strongly acted by electromagnetic radiation, and at present, in the most advanced international thermonuclear fusion device, the surface thermal load of the heating antenna in a non-striking area reaches 2MW/m2In the patent CN101807738B, the thermal conductivity of graphite tiles is very low, and the heat transfer coefficient between graphite and heat sink is low, so that there is a danger that bolts are loosened when fastened under high thermal load; in patent CN111724915A, a tungsten metal plate structure is used, however, during the operation of the plasma, the tungsten metal is bombarded by high energy particles to generate sputtering, which can seriously affect the steady state operation of the plasma, even cause the plasma to break.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to meet the requirement of protecting the sputtering damage of the surface of a heating antenna under the operation of long-pulse high-parameter plasma, provides the CFC (carbon fiber reinforced composite) protective limiter, solves the technical problem that the conventional graphite limiter cannot bear higher thermal load, and provides the CFC protective limiter which is long in service life, resistant to high-temperature thermal load, less in influence on the plasma and excellent in performance for the heating antenna in the conventional fusion device.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite material comprising: the device comprises a plurality of CFC modules, an oxygen-free copper metallization layer, a chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body, a cooling channel cover plate, a stainless steel framework installation block, a stainless steel water inlet pipe and a stainless steel water outlet pipe;
wherein, the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is arranged between the CFC module and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body and is used as a stress buffer layer; stress release grooves are arranged on the surface of the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body at preset intervals;
the CFC modules are arranged in a circumferential array along the heating antenna, and every two CFC modules are spaced from each other at a preset interval; along the radial direction of the large ring of the fusion device, namely the transverse direction, the CFC modules are arranged in an isosceles trapezoid shape;
the CFC protection limiter stainless steel skeleton mounting block is connected with the heating antenna through a bolt; the stainless steel framework mounting block and the stainless steel framework are welded together through fusion welding; the stainless steel framework is connected with the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body through a bolt; the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body is connected with the cooling channel cover plate by electron beam welding; the stainless steel water inlet pipe, the stainless steel water outlet pipe and the cooling channel cover plate are processed by the explosive welding composite plate; the CFC module is connected with the oxygen-free copper metallization layer in a high-temperature hot melting mode; the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is connected with the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body by high-temperature vacuum brazing.
Furthermore, the CFC module is a part which can bear high heat load, the geometrical shape of the CFC module is a cuboid, the thermal conductivity value of the CFC module is the largest in the direction facing to the plasma, namely the thickness direction, and the CFC module is used for protecting the surface of the heating antenna from sputtering damage caused by bombardment of high-energy particles.
Furthermore, the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is a stress buffer layer of the CFC module and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body, the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is connected with the CFC module through high-temperature hot-compress copper, and the thickness of the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is controlled within 2 millimeters.
Furthermore, the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and the cooling channel cover plate, the stainless steel water outlet pipe and the stainless steel water inlet pipe jointly form a cooling channel, wherein the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and the cooling channel cover plate are connected through electron beam welding, stress release grooves are additionally formed in the periphery of the installation surface of the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and the CFC module, and in addition, 1 vacuum air release hole is additionally formed in the outer side of each bolt hole in the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and is used for exhausting gas in the bolts.
Furthermore, the stainless steel framework and the stainless steel framework installation block are welded integrally, the stainless steel framework is processed into a shape like a Chinese character 'tian', and is tightly attached to the cooling channel cover plate and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body through bolts.
Furthermore, the bolt mounting hole of the stainless steel framework mounting block of the CFC protection limiter is a waist-shaped hole, and the distance between the CFC protection limiter and the heating antenna can be manually adjusted in a micro-scale mode.
Furthermore, the CFC protection limiters are symmetrically arranged in the middle plane of the heating antenna, a stainless steel water inlet pipe is positioned at the lower end of the heating antenna, and a stainless steel water outlet pipe is positioned at the upper end of the heating antenna.
Furthermore, the main raw material of the CFC protection limiter chromium zirconium copper heat sink is precipitation strengthening alloy, and the mechanical strength of the alloy does not decay with the heat treatment temperature.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adopts low Z material for protecting the first wall material of the limiter, and simultaneously considers the CFC material of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material with high thermal conductivity, thermal shock resistance and high strength, thereby being better for the stable operation of plasma. Compared with the traditional tungsten material, the CFC limiter of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material has smaller influence on the plasma, and impurities generated by metal sputtering on the surface of the traditional tungsten material are harmful to the plasma.
(2) On the other hand, in order to reduce the heat transfer resistance of the protection limiter and improve the heat transfer efficiency, the CFC module and the heat sink main body are connected by high-temperature brazing, and an oxygen-free copper metallization layer is introduced as a stress buffer layer and simultaneously the geometric dimension of the CFC module is limited in consideration of the difference of the expansion coefficients of the CFC module and the heat sink main body and the failure of the CFC module caused by fracture, so that the CFC protection limiter with high heat load resistance is obtained.
(3) In addition, the main raw material of the CFC protection limiter chromium zirconium copper heat sink is precipitation strengthening alloy, and the mechanical strength of the alloy does not decay with the heat treatment temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of 1/2 protection limiter components of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of the protective restraint of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the protective limiter and the heating antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a protective restraint 1/2 in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of the protection limiter according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-CFC module, 2 chromium zirconium copper heat sink main part, 3 stainless steel skeleton, 4 anaerobic copper metallization layer, 5 cooling channel cover plate, 6 heating antenna, 7 stainless steel skeleton installation piece, 8 stainless steel outlet pipe, 9 stainless steel inlet pipe, 11 vacuum air vents.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention
The invention provides a novel steady-state high-heat-resistant load (> 2 MW/m)2Within 3600s of continuous test time) and reliable CFC protection limiters of carbon fiber reinforced composites. Referring to fig. 1-5, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the CFC protection limiter mainly includes a target CFC module 1, a chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body 2, a stainless steel skeleton 3, an oxygen-free copper metallization layer 4, a cooling channel cover plate 5, a stainless steel skeleton mounting block 7, a stainless steel water outlet pipe 8, and a stainless steel water inlet pipe 9.
As shown in fig. 3, the CFC limiter module is symmetrically arranged along the concave surface of the heating antenna and fixed with the heating antenna 6 by bolts, and the highest point of the CFC module 1 is higher than the surface of the heating antenna, and the distance between the CFC module and the heating antenna can be manually adjusted by a kidney-shaped hole. According to the embodiment of the invention, preferably, the CFC modules are designed into a reasonable geometric size and are arrayed in a circumferential manner along the longitudinal direction of the heating antenna, the CFC modules are 3-5 mm higher than the surface of the heating antenna and are arranged in an isosceles trapezoid manner along the radial direction (transverse direction) of the large ring of the fusion device, so that high-energy particles in the inner side or outer side direction cannot be bombarded on the surface of the heating antenna, the sputtering damage to the surface of the antenna is avoided, and meanwhile, the CFC modules are cooled by adopting an active cooling channel.
As shown in fig. 1, in the single set of protection limiter, the CFC module 1 is a rectangular body, and the thickness direction is the plasma direction, and the layout thereof is a circumferential array in the longitudinal direction and an isosceles trapezoid in the transverse direction.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 5, the CFC module 1, the oxygen-free copper metallization layer 4 and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body 2 are directly sealed, the thermal load on the surface of the CFC module is directly transferred to the cooling channel in the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body, so that the heat transfer path is greatly reduced, and the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of the CFC module is far greater than that of graphite, so that the thermal load capacity born by the CFC module is improved in proportion to the surface heat exchange coefficient of the cooling channel, and particularly under the working condition of high thermal load, the thermal deposition problem of the CFC module can be greatly relieved, and the temperature of the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 5, another important technical point of the CFC protection limiter is that in the selection and detail design of the manufacturing method, the difference between the expansion coefficients of the CFC module 1 and the CFC heat sink main body 2 is large, and during the manufacturing process of the ring section, due to the local occurrence of extremely large interface stress and local stress concentration during the high-temperature brazing cooling stage, the CFC is easily caused to locally generate cracks, burst cracks, or even the brazing layer falls off, so that the 2 mm oxygen-free copper metallization layer 4 is introduced between the CFC module 1 and the CFC heat sink main body, which can play a role of stress buffering, and at the same time, 1 mm by 1 mm stress relief grooves are arranged on the surface of the CFC module 1 along the edge direction of the CFC module every predetermined distance; the distances between CFC modules and on the surface of the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body are increased by 1 mm, so that the problem of stress concentration of the protection limiter after high-temperature brazing is solved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, further, the CFC module and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body are connected by high-temperature brazing, and an oxygen-free copper metal ring layer is introduced between the CFC module and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body so as to relieve interface stress generated in the high-temperature brazing process.
The active cooling water tank is processed on the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body and is welded and sealed with the cooling channel cover plate together by adopting electron beams, wherein the stainless steel water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are processed by stainless steel and copper explosion composite plates, and then the cooling channel is formed together with the cooling channel cover plate and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body. On the other hand, the heat sink main body and the cooling channel cover plate belong to the same chromium-zirconium-copper, the heat conductivity values are very high, welding line leakage is easily caused by conventional fusion welding, and vacuum resistance beam welding is required to be adopted for sealing so as to reach the detection standard of the vacuum pressure container.
As shown in fig. 4, the stainless steel inlet pipe 9, the stainless steel outlet pipe 8 and the cooling channel cover plate 5 are made of stainless steel and copper explosion composite plates.
After the high-temperature brazing of the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink (the sealing of the main body, the cover plate and the water pipe is completed) and the CFC module is completed, the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink is tightly connected with a stainless steel framework through bolts, wherein vacuum air vents 11 are reserved in bolt holes of the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink, and the stainless steel framework can improve the bearing capacity of the cover plate of the cooling channel;
the CFC module limiter is connected with the heating antenna by bolts, and the assembly position can be finely adjusted by a kidney-shaped hole of the stainless steel framework mounting block.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A CFC protection limiter made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a plurality of CFC modules, an oxygen-free copper metallization layer, a chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body, a cooling channel cover plate, a stainless steel framework installation block, a stainless steel water inlet pipe and a stainless steel water outlet pipe;
wherein, the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is arranged between the CFC module and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body and is used as a stress buffer layer; stress release grooves are arranged on the surface of the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body at preset intervals;
the CFC modules are arranged in a circumferential array along the heating antenna, and every two CFC modules are spaced from each other at a preset interval; along the radial direction of the large ring of the fusion device, namely the transverse direction, the CFC modules are arranged in an isosceles trapezoid shape;
the CFC protection limiter stainless steel skeleton mounting block is connected with the heating antenna through a bolt; the stainless steel framework mounting block and the stainless steel framework are welded together through fusion welding; the stainless steel framework is connected with the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body through a bolt; the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body is connected with the cooling channel cover plate by electron beam welding; the stainless steel water inlet pipe, the stainless steel water outlet pipe and the cooling channel cover plate are processed by the explosive welding composite plate; the CFC module is connected with the oxygen-free copper metallization layer in a high-temperature hot melting mode; the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is connected with the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body by high-temperature vacuum brazing.
2. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the CFC module is a high-heat-load-resistant part, is in a cuboid shape, has the largest thermal conductivity value in the direction facing to the plasma, namely the thickness direction, and is used for protecting the surface of the heating antenna from sputtering damage caused by bombardment of high-energy particles.
3. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is a stress buffer layer of the CFC module and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body, the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is connected with the CFC module through high-temperature hot-compress copper, and the thickness of the oxygen-free copper metallization layer is controlled within 2 millimeters.
4. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and the cooling channel cover plate, the stainless steel water outlet pipe and the stainless steel water inlet pipe jointly form a cooling channel, wherein the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body is connected with the cooling channel cover plate through electron beam welding, stress release grooves are additionally formed in the periphery of the installation surface of the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and the CFC module, and in addition, 1 vacuum air release hole is additionally formed in the outer side of each bolt hole in the chromium zirconium copper heat sink main body and is used for exhausting gas in the bolts.
5. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stainless steel skeleton and the stainless steel skeleton mounting block are welded integrally, the stainless steel skeleton is processed into a 'field' -shaped structure and is tightly attached to the cooling channel cover plate and the chromium-zirconium-copper heat sink main body through bolts.
6. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bolt mounting hole of the stainless steel framework mounting block of the CFC protection limiter is a waist-shaped hole, and the distance between the CFC protection limiter and the heating antenna can be manually adjusted in a micro-scale mode.
7. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the CFC protection limiters are symmetrically arranged in the middle plane of the heating antenna, a stainless steel water inlet pipe is positioned at the lower end of the heating antenna, and a stainless steel water outlet pipe is positioned at the upper end of the heating antenna.
8. The CFC protection limiter of carbon fiber reinforced composite according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the main raw material of the CFC protection limiter chromium zirconium copper heat sink is precipitation strengthening alloy, and the mechanical strength of the alloy does not attenuate with the heat treatment temperature.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113963816A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-21 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Combined first wall structure suitable for high field side of tokamak device |
CN117133482A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-11-28 | 陕西星环聚能科技有限公司 | Graphite tile limiter and fusion device |
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