CN112990661B - Small watershed ecological space health assessment system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a health assessment system and method for ecological space of a small watershed, wherein the system comprises: the data loading module is used for loading local map data, raster DEM data, vector land utilization types, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall; the map operation module is used for carrying out layer management and map modification on the system map; the source and sink identification module is used for distinguishing the source and sink functions of the raster map and the remote sensing image data loaded by the user under the combination of system judgment and artificial identification; the index calculation module is used for acquiring river basin characteristic basic data and calculating a landscape pattern index; and the health evaluation module is used for sequencing the calculation results of the landscape indexes by applying TOPSIS (technique order by similarity to order theory) to obtain the configuration health condition of the ecological landscape of the small watershed water and identifying the problems to provide an optimization scheme. The scheme realizes the comprehensive management of landscape configuration in the small watershed, can improve the judgment efficiency of the health condition of the ecological space of the water in the watershed, and is favorable for optimizing and improving the overall landscape pattern configuration of the watershed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of landscape ecology, in particular to a health assessment system and method for a small watershed ecological space.
Background
The non-point source pollution and rainfall induced abortion sand conditions in the area range are greatly influenced by the land utilization type and landscape pattern heterogeneity of the water source area, so that the water quality condition of the water source area is directly influenced. The abortion sand is produced along with the 'source' landscape during the rainfall process and the release of nutrient substances is accompanied, so that the risk of water and soil loss in the river is increased; the 'convergent' landscape has a barrier effect on the migration of silt and nutrient substances in the river basin, and reduces the risk of water and soil loss; the strength of the source-sink landscape function is influenced by landscape pattern characteristics such as elevation, gradient and distance from water, and finally the risk of water and soil loss in the drainage basin is determined jointly by combining the comprehensive effects of factors such as nutrient input and rainfall, water flow path, runoff coefficient and hydrological roughness coefficient in the drainage basin.
Due to the fact that the land utilization types of the small watersheds are various, the difference of landscape pattern space distribution is large, the terrain and terrain conditions among different watersheds are complex and changeable, and unified landscape configuration management measures are difficult to provide. The health evaluation of the current source-sink landscape can only be performed on a single type of landscape, and the source-sink landscape pattern characteristics are difficult to integrate and analyze, so that the health evaluation efficiency of the landscape ecological space is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a health assessment system and method for a small watershed ecological space, so as to solve the problem of low efficiency of the existing small watershed landscape ecological space health assessment.
In a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a health assessment system for a small watershed ecological space, including:
the data loading module is used for loading local map data, raster DEM data, vector land utilization types, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall, wherein the map data comprise raster maps and remote sensing images;
the map operation module is used for carrying out layer management and map modification on the system map;
the source sink identification module is used for distinguishing the source sink function of the land type of the research area under the combination of system discrimination and human identification on the raster map loaded by the user and the remote sensing image data;
the index calculation module is used for acquiring river basin characteristic basic data and calculating landscape pattern indexes, wherein the landscape pattern indexes comprise a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source convergence function comparison index, a landscape nutrient interception function index and a river basin landscape convergence accumulation index;
and the health evaluation module is used for sequencing the results of the landscape index calculation by applying TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to Ideal solution) to obtain the configuration health condition of the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern space, identifying the problem and providing an optimization scheme.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating health of a small watershed ecological space, including:
loading local map data, grid DEM data, vector land utilization types, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall, wherein the map data comprises a grid map and a remote sensing image;
carrying out source-sink function differentiation on the land type of the research area under the combination of system discrimination and human identification on the raster map and the remote sensing image data loaded by the user;
acquiring basin characteristic basic data, and calculating a landscape pattern index, wherein the landscape pattern index comprises a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source convergence function contrast index, a landscape nutrient interception function index and a basin landscape convergence accumulation index;
and sequencing the results of the landscape pattern index calculation by applying TOPSIS (technique order preference by similarity to order theory) to obtain the space configuration health condition of the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern, identifying the problem and providing an optimization scheme.
In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method according to the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method provided by the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the system identifies the information such as source-sink landscape distribution, source-sink landscape area ratio, landscape-to-basin outlet data and the like in a research area by combining the vector map and the land type input by a user with manual operation and judgment, calculates the information such as an observation space load ratio index, a landscape source-sink function contrast index, a landscape nutrient interception function index, a landscape basin landscape convergence accumulation index and the like, comprehensively evaluates the configuration health condition of the landscape pattern related to the water environment of the basin, and greatly improves the efficiency of evaluating the health condition of the water ecological space in the basin by integrally evaluating various landscape indexes. The method and the system provide important reference basis for users to change landscape pattern configuration and improve water environment indexes in a targeted manner, and are favorable for optimizing the overall landscape pattern configuration of the drainage basin.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a health assessment system for a small watershed ecological space according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating health of a small watershed ecological space according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments of the present invention shall belong to the protection scope of the present invention and the principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used for limiting the scope of the present invention.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and claims, and in the accompanying drawings and figures, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method or system, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a small watershed ecological space health assessment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, including:
the data loading module 110 is used for loading local map data, raster DEM data, vector land utilization types, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall, wherein the map data comprise a raster map and remote sensing images;
the data loading module comprises grid DEM data loading, vector land utilization current map loading, vector or grid nutrient input amount and rainfall data loading and map data loading.
The user loads locally stored map files such as grid maps and remote sensing images in the system.
The map operation module 120 is configured to perform layer management and map modification on the system map;
the map layer management comprises management of the displayed map layer, and states of opening, closing, editing and the like of the map layer can be set.
The map modification comprises the modification of the loaded map data, such as zooming, clipping, splicing and the like, which is suitable for the research analysis.
The source sink identification module 130 is used for distinguishing the source sink function of the land type of the research area under the combination of system discrimination and artificial identification on the raster map loaded by the user and the remote sensing image data;
and performing sink source function identification on the land types input by the user, including identifying sink source land types, counting the quantity and occupied area of the alternate source sink landscape, and the like.
Specifically, source-sink identification is carried out according to the elevation and the gradient of the landscape area and the distance between the landscape and the water body, and the source-sink identification of the land type is corrected so as to prevent the type of the land which is higher in elevation, steeper in gradient and closer to the water body from being identified as the source landscape.
The land types are divided into 13 categories according to the land type of the national classification indicated in the national survey work classification for the third time, and the system automatically identifies the source-sink landscape in the research area according to the land type input by the user. Wherein, the source view comprises: cultivated land, plantation land, industrial and mining land, commercial service land, residential land, public management and public service land, special land and transportation land; the landscape collection comprises: wetlands, woodlands and grasslands. User-defined identification: and other sites.
Aiming at different ecological processes, the same landscape type can show different ecological functions, so artificial identification is required to be combined in the determination process of three types of 'sources', 'streams' and 'sinks' of the landscape functions. The system may provide custom human-identified source-sink landscape ports.
The index calculation module 140 is configured to obtain watershed feature basic data and calculate a landscape layout index, where the landscape layout index includes a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source convergence function comparison index, a landscape nutrient interception function index, and a watershed landscape convergence accumulation index;
before calculating each landscape pattern index, basic characteristic data of the drainage basin is obtained firstly as follows: the river basin area, the total number of landscape units in the river basin, the percentage of the river basin area occupied by each source-sink landscape, the river network length, the river network density, the average water flow path distance and the like.
And calculating various landscape pattern indexes required by TOPSIS sequencing, including a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source-sink function comparison index, a landscape nutrient interception function index and a watershed landscape convergence accumulation index.
The landscape space load ratio index is based on source-sink landscape recognition, landscape space information is connected with an ecological process, a Lorentz curve principle is adopted, and source-sink contributions of different landscape types are compared to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index.
It should be noted that the landscape space load ratio index reflects the relative distribution of the source-sink landscape in space, and according to the source-sink attributes of the recognized land types and landscape features, the index can be used as an important reference index for evaluating the risk of soil and water loss (elevation, gradient, distance from water body) in the drainage basin.
The landscape nutrient interception index can be used for representing the influence of non-point source pollution processes of different scales of watersheds on surface water quality under different rainfall characteristics and the difference of nutrient interception capacities of landscape patterns of different watersheds. The source landscape emphasizes the output degree of nutrient loss, and the sink landscape emphasizes the adsorption and retention capacity of pollutants.
The landscape interception function index constructed aiming at the space ecological process can be well applied to the nutrient loss risk evaluation of different watersheds and different rainfall events. The non-point source pollution forming process is comprehensively represented by the landscape source and sink function distribution and the index of rainfall characteristics.
The watershed landscape confluence index can represent the ability of watershed surface substances to migrate to a water outlet. The migration process and the collection capacity of pollutants are explained from a mechanism by integrating characteristics such as water flow paths, addition distances, river network density, rainfall characteristics, nutrient input heterogeneity and the like.
Wherein, the landscape space load ratio index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, LWLI represents landscape space load ratio index, m and n represent the number of source landscape types and sink landscape types, i and j represent metering coefficients, A si 、A sj Respectively representing the areas of irregular triangles formed by the ith seed landscape and the jth collection landscape in the Lorentz curve, W i 、W j Respectively representing the weight of the ith provenance view and the jth sink view, AP i 、AP j Respectively representing the area percentage of the ith source landscape and the jth sink landscape in the flow domain;
the landscape nutrient interception function index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, LCD/represents landscape nutrient interception function index, L represents river network length, m represents total number of landscape units in the drainage basin, S represents drainage basin area, n represents drainage basin area i Expressing the Mannich coefficient of the ith landscape unit, k expressing the number of other landscape units flowing through the ith landscape unit, NUR j 、RF j Respectively representing the nutrient input amount and the runoff coefficient of the jth landscape unit flowing through the ith landscape unit,
respectively representing the average nutrient input amount and runoff coefficient of a basin;
the basin landscape convergence index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, FAI represents watershed landscape convergence index, m represents watershed grid number, LWFP i The distance of the water flow path from the ith grid to the watershed water outlet is shown,
CLWFP i represents the migration cost distance of the ith landscape unit to the water outlet and is greater than or equal to>
q i Represents the number of landscape units that the ith landscape unit needs to pass through when moving to the water inlet, n k Represents roughness coefficient of kth landscape unit passing through the migration process, lu represents landscape unit size, S u Representing the area of the basic landscape unit of the basin, m' representing the number of landscape units of the basin, n j And the hydrological roughness coefficient of the jth landscape unit is shown, L is the river network length, S is the basin area, and MCLWFP is the average cost water flow migration path length. />
In the process of calculating the landscape space load ratio index and the landscape source and sink function comparison index, the Lorentz curve principle is used for calculating the contribution of the source and sink landscape to the drainage basin outlet monitoring point and the position distribution of the landscape source and sink function relative to the drainage basin outlet.
ASi (SiODBC) and ASj (SiOFBC) in the landscape space load ratio index calculation respectively represent irregular trilateral areas formed by area accumulation curves in the lorentz graph for the ith source landscape and the jth sink landscape types.
In the landscape source-sink function contrast index, si and Sj respectively represent the areas of irregular triangles formed by the ith source landscape and the jth sink landscape in the Lorentz curve. Si (j) uniformity: and under the condition that the total value of the ith (j) th provenance (sink) landscape functions and the percentage of the landscape types are unchanged, the cumulative percentage curve area of the landscape functions is in uniform distribution in space.
It should be further noted that, the intermediate index calculation method:
a. landscape space load ratio index
Wi and Wj respectively represent the weights of the ith source landscape and the jth sink landscape. One source and sink landscape type is selected as a reference standard, and other source and sink landscape types can be subjected to weight assignment through comparison and analysis.
b. Landscape nutrient interception function
The dirt producing capacity of each landscape unit grid is as follows:
F(production)＝C 1 ×NUI×RF。
NUI means nutrient input (kg/hm) 2 ). RF is surface runoff clear rain, C 1 Generally, the fouling factor is regarded as a constant.
Nutrient interception capacity of each landscape unit: f (reterion) = C 2 ×n 0.6 ×∑F(production)。
C 2 The retention coefficient is regarded as constant.
Coefficient of hydrographic roughness n:
(R is hydraulic radius, I is water surface gradient, and V is average flow velocity of cross section)
c. Watershed landscape convergence index
An algorithm of FAl under the condition of considering the influence of nutrient input and rainfall runoff generation:
And the health evaluation module 150 is used for sequencing the calculation results of the landscape indexes by applying TOPSIS ideal sequencing to obtain the configuration health condition of the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern space, identifying the problem and providing an optimization scheme.
After the indexes of the landscape patterns are calculated, the health evaluation is carried out on the landscape patterns related to the small watershed water environment by combining the source-sink land parcel classification and quantity distribution and the water quality and water quantity data, and the evaluation method adopts TOPSIS (approximate ideal solution ordering method).
The process is based on the normalized original data matrix, an optimal scheme and a worst scheme in the limited schemes are found out by adopting a cosine method, then the distance between each evaluation object and the optimal scheme and the distance between each evaluation object and the worst scheme are respectively calculated, and the relative proximity degree between each evaluation object and the optimal scheme is obtained and is used as a basis for evaluating the advantages and the disadvantages. The method has no strict limitation on data distribution and sample content, and data calculation is simple and easy to implement. And determining the optimal scheme and the worst scheme by adopting a scene hypothesis mode.
Since the indexes for evaluating the health degree of the drainage basin of the system are numerous, but the problems and the reflected drainage basin characteristics of each index are different, TOPSIS is adopted to carry out overall evaluation on the health of the drainage basin. The TOPSIS method uses a distance scale to measure the sample gap, and the distance scale needs to carry out homography processing on index attributes.
It should also be noted that the landscape space load ratio index describes the basin source-sink landscape ratio and the integral water and soil loss risk inherent in the basin. The LWLI value interval is 0-1, and when the LWLI value approaches 0, the source landscape type in the flow domain is less, and the sink landscape type is in the dominant position; when LWLI approaches 1, it means that there are few "sink" landscape types in the watershed and "source" landscape types dominate, with higher risk of water and soil loss.
The landscape nutrient interception function index describes the integral nutrient interception capacity of the basin. The method is constructed aiming at the spatial distribution of the landscape sewage production function and the nutrient interception function, and integrates the factors such as water flow path, river network density, rainfall characteristics and the like. Wherein the self-pollution production capacity of each landscape unit is determined by nutrient input and runoff coefficient, and the nutrient interception capacity is mainly determined by hydrological roughness coefficient. In a non-point source pollution research, the index can be used for representing the difference of nutrient interception capacities among different watershed landscape patterns and can also represent the difference of the nutrient interception capacities of the same watershed landscape pattern in the secondary rainfall with different rainfall characteristics. The method can be used for judging the water quality pollution condition and the risk of variation, and is applied to nutrient loss risk evaluation of different watersheds or different rainfall events. According to previous research experience, the LCDI index value is in a range of 0-1, the larger the LCDI index is, the stronger the landscape nutrient interception capability is, and the lower the water pollutant concentration is.
The watershed landscape confluence cumulative index describes the pollutant convergence capacity of the watershed scale according to the shapes of a water flow path and the watershed. According to the characteristics of the drainage basin such as a water flow path, the area of the drainage basin, the density of a river network and the like, and by combining factors such as nutrient input amount, a current generation coefficient and the like, the index is constructed based on the shape characteristics of the drainage basin and represents the capacity of pollutants in the drainage basin to be collected to a water outlet. The value of FAl is in the range of 0-1, the larger the FAl index is, the smaller the average migration distance of the pollutants is, the stronger the pollutant convergence capacity is, and the higher the water body pollutant concentration is.
Specifically, a normalized initial matrix is constructed
If n objects to be evaluated are set, each object has m indexes (attributes), the original data matrix is constructed as follows:
determining optimal and worst schemes
The best solution X + consists of the maximum of each column of elements in X:
the worst case X-consists of the minimum of each column of elements in X:
respectively calculating each evaluation object and the optimal scheme
Worst case scenario>
The approach degree of (c): />
Wherein, ω is j Is the weight of the jth attribute, x ij Representing a scheme corresponding to the jth index of the ith object to be evaluated;
calculating the closeness degree C of each evaluation object to the optimal scheme i ：
Wherein, C is more than or equal to 0 i ≤1，C i The closer to 1, the better the evaluation object is;
according to C i And sorting the sizes to obtain a final evaluation result.
After the system identifies landscape patterns in the watershed and calculates each landscape index, the user can adjust the overall landscape pattern layout of the watershed in a targeted manner according to the identification and calculation results so as to achieve the purposes of protecting and purifying the water quality.
In the embodiment, the source-sink landscape pattern distribution can be identified according to the land use type data input by the user and assisted by manual definition and system judgment, and the land planning adjustment can be performed according to the target policy of the land of the research area of the user and by referring to the source-sink distribution, so that the practical significance is remarkable. According to various remote sensing data input by the system to the user, various landscape pattern indexes obtained through calculation can enable the user to visually find problems existing in landscape pattern configuration and the influence degree of the landscape pattern indexes on the water environment, provide important reference basis for the user to change the landscape pattern configuration and certain water environment index capable of being improved in a targeted mode, and have great significance for the overall landscape pattern optimization configuration of the drainage basin.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating health of a small watershed ecological space, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes:
s201, loading local map data, raster DEM data, vector land utilization types, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall, wherein the map data comprise a raster map and a remote sensing image;
s202, carrying out source-sink function distinguishing on the land type of the research area under the combination of system discrimination and human identification on the raster map loaded by the user and the remote sensing image data;
the source-sink function distinction comprises identifying source-sink ground types, counting the quantity and occupied area of each source-sink landscape and the like.
And performing source and sink identification according to the elevation and the gradient of the landscape area and the distance between the landscape and the water body, and correcting the source and sink identification of the land type.
S203, acquiring river basin characteristic basic data, and calculating landscape pattern indexes, wherein the landscape pattern indexes comprise a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source convergence function comparison index, a landscape nutrient interception function index and a river basin landscape convergence accumulated index;
the river basin characteristic basic data comprise the area of the river basin, the total number of landscape units in the river basin, the percentage of the area of the river basin occupied by each source-sink landscape, the length of a river network, the density of the river network, the distance of an average water flow path and the like. And the runoff coefficient and the Manning roughness coefficient input by a user can be used for calculating each landscape pattern index.
S204, sequencing the results of the landscape pattern index calculation by applying TOPSIS ideal sequencing to obtain the space configuration health condition of the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern, identifying the problem and providing an optimization scheme.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It is understood that, in one embodiment, the electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements steps S201 to S204 when executing the computer program to implement the small watershed ecological health assessment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above embodiment may be implemented by a program instructing relevant hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes steps S201 to S204, and the storage medium includes, for example: ROM/RAM, etc.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A health assessment system for small watershed ecological space, comprising at least:
the data loading module is used for loading local map data, raster DEM data, vector land utilization types, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall, wherein the map data comprise raster maps and remote sensing images;
the map operation module is used for carrying out layer management and map modification on the system map;
the source sink identification module is used for distinguishing the source sink function of the land type of the research area under the combination of system discrimination and human identification on the raster map loaded by the user and the remote sensing image data;
performing source-sink identification according to the elevation and the gradient of the landscape area and the distance between the landscape and the water body, and correcting the source-sink identification of the land type;
the index calculation module is used for acquiring basin characteristic basic data and calculating a landscape pattern index, wherein the landscape pattern index comprises a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source convergence function comparison index, a landscape nutrient interception function index and a basin landscape convergence accumulation index;
wherein, the landscape space load ratio index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, LWLI represents landscape space load ratio index, m and n represent the number of source landscape types and sink landscape types, i and j represent metering coefficients, A si 、A sj Respectively representing the areas of irregular triangles formed by the ith seed view and the jth sink view in a Lorentz curve, W i 、W j Respectively representing the weight of the ith provenance view and the jth sink view, AP i 、AP j Respectively representing the area percentage of the ith source landscape and the jth sink landscape in the flow domain;
the landscape nutrient interception function index calculation formula is as follows:
where LCDI represents landscape nutrient rejectionFunction index, L represents the river network length, m represents the total number of the landscape units in the river basin, S represents the area of the river basin, n i Expressing the Mannich coefficient of the ith landscape unit, k expressing the number of other landscape units flowing through the ith landscape unit, NUR j 、RF j Respectively representing the nutrient input amount and the runoff coefficient of the jth landscape unit flowing through the ith landscape unit,
respectively representing the average nutrient input amount and runoff coefficient of a basin;
the basin landscape convergence cumulative index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, FAI represents basin landscape convergence cumulative index, m represents basin grid number, LWFP i The distance of the water flow path from the ith grid to the watershed water outlet is shown,
CLWFP i represents the migration distance of the ith landscape unit to the water outlet and the->
q i Represents the number of landscape units that the ith landscape unit needs to pass through when moving to the water inlet, n k Represents roughness coefficient of kth landscape unit passing through the migration process, lu represents landscape unit size, S u The area of the basic landscape unit of the drainage basin is shown, m' shows the number of the landscape units of the drainage basin, n j Representing the hydrological roughness coefficient of the jth landscape unit, L representing the river network length, S representing the basin area, and MCLWFP representing the average cost water flow migration path length;
and the health evaluation module is used for sequencing the calculation results of the landscape indexes by applying TOPSIS (technique order preference by similarity to order preference) to obtain the space configuration health condition of the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern, identifying the problem and providing an optimization scheme.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the applying TOPSIS Ideal ordering to the results of each landscape index calculation to derive the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern space configuration health comprises:
constructing a normalized initial matrix, and setting n objects to be evaluated in total, wherein each object has m indexes, and then constructing an original data matrix X as follows:
determining optimal and worst schemes, optimal scheme X + Constituted by the maximum value of each column of elements in the matrix X:
worst case X - Consisting of the minimum of each column of elements in matrix X:
respectively calculating each evaluation object and the optimal scheme
Worst case scenario>
The approach degree of (c):
wherein, ω is j Is the weight, x, of the jth attribute ij Representing a scheme corresponding to the jth index of the ith object to be evaluated;
calculating the closeness degree C of each evaluation object to the optimal scheme i ：
Wherein, C is more than or equal to 0 i ≤1，C i The closer to 1, the better the evaluation object is;
according to C i And sorting the sizes to obtain an evaluation result.
3. A small watershed ecological space health assessment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
loading local map data, raster DEM data, vector land utilization type, regional nutrient input amount and regional rainfall, wherein the map data comprises a raster map and a remote sensing image;
carrying out source-sink function differentiation on the land type of the research area under the combination of system discrimination and human identification on the raster map and the remote sensing image data loaded by the user;
performing source-sink identification according to the elevation and the gradient of the landscape area and the distance between the landscape and the water body, and correcting the source-sink identification of the land type;
acquiring basin characteristic basic data, and calculating landscape pattern indexes, wherein the landscape pattern indexes comprise a landscape space load ratio index, a landscape source convergence function comparison index, a landscape nutrient interception function index and a basin landscape convergence cumulative index;
wherein, the landscape space load ratio index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, LWLI represents landscape space load ratio index, m and n represent the number of source landscape and sink landscape types, i and j represent metering coefficients, A si 、A sj Respectively representing the areas of irregular triangles formed by the ith seed view and the jth sink view in a Lorentz curve, W i 、W j Respectively represent the ith provenance landscape and the ithWeight of j types of converged landscape, AP i 、AP j Respectively representing the area percentage of the ith source landscape and the jth sink landscape in the flow domain;
the landscape nutrient interception function index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, LCDI represents landscape nutrient interception function index, L represents river network length, m represents the total number of landscape units in the drainage basin, S represents drainage basin area, n represents i Expressing the Mannich coefficient of the ith landscape unit, k expressing the number of other landscape units flowing through the ith landscape unit, NUR j 、RF j Respectively representing the nutrient input amount and the runoff coefficient of the jth landscape unit flowing through the ith landscape unit,
respectively representing the average nutrient input amount and runoff coefficient of a basin;
the basin landscape convergence cumulative index calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, FAI represents basin landscape convergence cumulative index, m represents basin grid number, LWFP i Indicating the water flow path distance from the ith grid to the watershed water outlet,
CLWFP i represents the migration distance of the ith landscape unit to the water outlet and the->
q i Represents the number of landscape units that the ith landscape unit needs to pass through when moving to the water inlet, n k Indicating the first pass in the migration processRoughness coefficient of k landscape units, lu represents landscape unit size, S u Representing the area of the basic landscape unit of the basin, m' representing the number of landscape units of the basin, n j Representing the hydrological roughness coefficient of the jth landscape unit, L representing the river network length, S representing the basin area, and MCLWFP representing the average cost water flow migration path length;
and sequencing the results of the calculation of each landscape pattern index by applying TOPSIS (technique order preference by similarity to zero) to obtain the space configuration health condition of the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern, identifying the problem and providing an optimization scheme.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the applying TOPSIS Ideal ordering to the results of each landscape index calculation to derive the small watershed water ecological landscape pattern space configuration health comprises:
constructing a normalized initial matrix, and setting n objects to be evaluated in total, wherein each object has m indexes, and then constructing an original data matrix X as follows:
determining optimal and worst schemes, optimal scheme X + Constituted by the maximum value of each column of elements in the matrix X:
worst case X - Consisting of the minimum of each column of elements in matrix X:
respectively calculating each evaluation object and the optimal scheme
Worst case scenario>
The proximity of (c):
wherein, ω is j Is the weight of the jth attribute, x ij Representing a scheme corresponding to the jth index of the ith object to be evaluated;
calculating the closeness degree C of each evaluation object to the optimal scheme i ：
Wherein, C is more than or equal to 0 i ≤1，C i The closer to 1, the better the evaluation object is;
according to C i And sorting the sizes to obtain an evaluation result.
5. An electronic device comprising a processor, a memory and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the small watershed ecological space health assessment method according to any one of claims 3 to 4.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored, and when being executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the small watershed ecospace health assessment method according to any one of claims 3 to 4.
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