CN112989594B - Comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy - Google Patents
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 226
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 121
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy, which comprises the following steps: aiming at a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy, the comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, wherein equipment operation constraint, electric power network constraint and coupling constraint among subsystems are taken as operation constraint conditions, and minimized operation cost is taken as an objective function, and an operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system is established; inputting operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system into the operation optimization model, and solving the operation optimization model to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system; the operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system comprise system structure parameters, load parameters, equipment operation parameters, energy transmission loss parameters, environment cost parameters and benefit parameters of selling hydrogen. The energy coupling constraint among the power system, the natural gas system and the hydrogen energy storage system is fully considered, the optimization model is more comprehensive and reasonable, and the obtained optimized operation scheme is more practical.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive energy systems, in particular to an operation optimization method of a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy.
Background
The traditional energy system has the defects of single energy situation and low energy utilization rate. The comprehensive energy system can comprehensively utilize various energy sources such as electricity, heat, cold, gas and the like, and becomes an important point of energy field development in recent years due to higher energy utilization efficiency. However, the environmental protection degree of the comprehensive energy system still has room for improvement, and the comprehensive energy system taking the participation of hydrogen energy into consideration becomes one of key technologies for further improving the environmental protection efficiency.
Hydrogen energy is one of the important directions for the development of new energy in recent years and even in the future. The hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, low carbon and environmental protection, is highly focused in the energy field, and is one of technical means for realizing the aim of carbon neutralization. Hydrogen energy has the disadvantage of being difficult to store on a large scale and transport over long distances. However, natural gas systems can be transported and stored on a large scale, but their energy conversion efficiency is only 45% -65%. Therefore, the comprehensive energy system effectively coordinates various energy sources and the characteristic of multi-energy complementation, can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of various energy sources and realizes the economic and efficient operation of the system.
Most of the existing comprehensive energy system operation optimization methods only consider participation operation scenes of an electric power system, a natural gas system and the like, do not consider participation operation scenes of a hydrogen energy system, do not fully consider operation cost of the comprehensive energy system, do not consider environmental benefits brought by preparing methane through catalytic reaction of hydrogen energy and carbon dioxide so as to reduce greenhouse gases, do not consider economic benefits brought by supplying hydrogen to an oxyhydrogen fuel cell and a hydrogen energy automobile at a higher price, do not fully consider energy conversion relations among various energy subsystems, and can lead to that the obtained comprehensive energy system operation scheme cannot achieve expected effects in the practical application process, and even cannot be viable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy, so as to solve the technical problems that the hydrogen energy system is not considered to participate in operation and the operation scheme of the integrated energy system is inconsistent with actual application in the related technology.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
an integrated energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy, comprising:
aiming at a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy, the comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, wherein equipment operation constraint, electric power network constraint and coupling constraint among subsystems are taken as operation constraint conditions, and minimized operation cost is taken as an objective function, and an operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system is established;
inputting operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system into the operation optimization model, and solving the operation optimization model to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system; the operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system comprise system structure parameters, load parameters, equipment operation parameters, energy transmission loss parameters, environment cost parameters and benefit parameters of selling hydrogen.
Further, the objective function is:
z＝min(f 1 +f 2 +f 3 +f 4 -f 5 )；
wherein z is the running cost of the integrated energy system; f (f) 1 、f 2 、f 3 、f 4 、f 5 Separate tableShowing equipment operating cost, energy conversion cost, environmental cost, transmission loss cost and benefits brought by selling hydrogen;
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
wherein T is totalNumber of time periods, N TH Is the number of the thermal power generating units,
the active output of the ith thermal power generating unit at the moment t, a i ，b i ，c i Is the cost coefficient of the ith thermal power unit;
c GT for the unit operating cost of the gas turbine, N GT Is the number of the gas turbines to be used,
for the i-th gas turbine active power output at time t, mu GT The power generation efficiency of the gas turbine is that deltat is the interval of time;
c FC for the unit operation cost of the fuel cell, N FC Is the number of the fuel cells to be used,
for the i-th fuel cell active force at time t, mu H2E Is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
wherein ,cB For the unit operation cost of the electricity storage equipment, S (t-delta t) is the energy storage charge state, eta ch 、η dch The charge and discharge state of the electricity storage equipment at the moment t is P ch,t 、P dch,t For the charge and discharge power of the electricity storage equipment at the moment of t, U B For terminal voltage of electric storage equipment, C B Is an electric storage deviceIs a capacity of (2);
c G for the unit operation cost of the gas storage equipment E G,t-1 The residual electric quantity of the gas energy storage system at the time t-1,
inputting natural gas power of gas storage equipment at time t, P t G Power of natural gas consumed by power generation of gas turbine at t moment mu H2G Is the synthesis efficiency of natural gas, mu GT N is the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine H2G For the number of methane synthesis units, +.>
For the hydrogen energy power consumed by the ith methane synthesizing device at the time t, N GT For the number of gas turbines>
The active output of the ith gas turbine at the time t is obtained; />
c H For the unit operation cost of the hydrogen storage device E H,t-1 The residual electric quantity of the hydrogen energy storage system at the time t-1,
inputting hydrogen energy power of a hydrogen energy storage system at the moment t, P t H The power mu of hydrogen energy consumed by the fuel cell at the moment t E2H For the efficiency of electrical hydrogen production, mu H2E N is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell EL For the number of electrolytic cells>
For the active power consumed by the ith electrolytic cell at time t, N FC For the number of fuel cells>
Is the active force of the ith fuel cell at time t.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
wherein ,cEL For the running cost of the electrolytic cell per unit time, N EL For the number of cells to be used,
active power consumed by the ith electrolytic cell at the time t; lambda (lambda) H2G For the unit time operation cost of the methane synthesis equipment, N H2G For the number of methane synthesis plants, +.>
The active power consumed by the ith methane synthesis apparatus at time t.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
wherein ,
is the carbon emission coefficient of the thermal generator set, +.>
For the carbon emission coefficient of the gas turbine, < > for>
For the carbon dioxide utilization of the integrated energy system in the methane synthesis process, < > for>
Is the carbon emission coefficient of the traditional fuel automobile, N EBUS N is the total number of electric vehicles in the comprehensive energy system HBUS The total number of hydrogen energy automobiles in the comprehensive energy system is calculated;
For the power of the ith electric car at time t, < >>
The power at t moment of the ith hydrogen energy automobile.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
wherein ,
for electric transmission loss, k of electric storage equipment es Loss coefficient, mu, of electric transmission ch 、μ dch For the charge and discharge efficiency of the electricity storage device, < >>
The charge and discharge power of the electricity storage equipment at the moment t;
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
wherein ,f5 To sell the benefits of hydrogen, c SH The price is sold for the unit power of hydrogen,
is the active power at time t of the ith hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, +.>
The power at t moment of the ith hydrogen energy automobile.
Further, the device operational constraints include: thermal power generating unit, gas turbine, fuel cell, electrolysis trough, storage of electricity equipment, storage of hydrogen equipment and the operation constraint of storage of gas equipment.
Further, the coupling constraint between the subsystems comprises a coupling constraint between a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, a coupling constraint between the natural gas system and an electric power system and a coupling constraint between the hydrogen energy storage system and the electric power system;
the coupling constraint between the natural gas system and the hydrogen energy storage system is as follows:
the coupling constraint between the natural gas system and the power system is as follows:
The coupling constraint between the hydrogen energy storage system and the power system is as follows:
in the formula ,
the gas injection amount θ at time t of the ith methane synthesizer gas Is natural gas with high heat value and mu H2G Efficiency of methane synthesis for hydrogen, +.>
The methane synthesis device is injected with the methane power value of the natural gas system at time t, < >>
The hydrogen energy power flowing into the methane synthesizing device at the moment t for the hydrogen energy storage system;
The invention provides a comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy, which comprises the following steps: aiming at a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy, the comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, wherein equipment operation constraint, electric power network constraint and coupling constraint among subsystems are taken as operation constraint conditions, and minimized operation cost is taken as an objective function, and an operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system is established;
inputting operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system into the operation optimization model, and solving the operation optimization model to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system; the operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system comprise system structure parameters, load parameters, equipment operation parameters, energy transmission loss parameters, environment cost parameters and benefit parameters of selling hydrogen.
The technical scheme of the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) The comprehensive energy system structure taking the hydrogen energy into consideration comprises a plurality of energy conversion processes among the hydrogen energy system, an electric power system and a natural gas system, and considers the environmental benefit and the economic benefit of new energy loads of hydrogen energy automobiles, electric automobiles and the like in the comprehensive energy system;
(2) In the comprehensive energy system operation optimization model considering the hydrogen energy, the energy coupling constraint between the hydrogen energy system and the power system, between the hydrogen energy system and the natural gas system and between the power system and the natural gas system is fully considered, and the optimization model is more comprehensive and reasonable;
(3) In the integrated energy system operation optimization model considering hydrogen energy, which is provided by the invention, the operation cost of various devices in the system, the energy conversion (electric hydrogen production process and methane synthesis process) cost among subsystems, the environmental cost, the energy transmission loss cost and the relational expression of benefits brought by selling hydrogen energy are described in detail, and the obtained integrated energy optimization operation scheme is more practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into account hydrogen energy in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the integrated energy system of the present invention, which is a method for optimizing the operation of the integrated energy system in consideration of hydrogen energy;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy, which aims to solve the technical problems that the hydrogen energy system is not considered to participate in operation and the operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system is inconsistent with actual application in the related technology.
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the invention is shown. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, the following is an embodiment of an operation optimization method of an integrated energy system considering hydrogen energy according to the present invention, including:
aiming at a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy, the comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, wherein equipment operation constraint, electric power network constraint and coupling constraint among subsystems are taken as operation constraint conditions, and minimized operation cost is taken as an objective function, and an operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system is established;
inputting operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system into the operation optimization model, and solving the operation optimization model to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system; the operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system comprise system structure parameters, load parameters, equipment operation parameters, energy transmission loss parameters, environment cost parameters and benefit parameters of selling hydrogen.
Referring to fig. 2, the integrated energy system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes three subsystems, i.e., an electric power system, a natural gas system, and a hydrogen energy storage system (i.e., a hydrogen system). The power generation equipment in the power system mainly comprises a traditional thermal generator set, a gas turbine and the like, and is used for meeting the electric load requirements in the comprehensive energy system; the main loads of the power system comprise power loads, energy storage equipment, electric automobiles and the like. The natural gas system mainly comprises a natural gas network, can directly provide gas for a gas load, and can also be used as gas input of a gas turbine; part of carbon dioxide generated by operation of a traditional thermal power generating unit, a gas generating unit and the like in the electric power system can be reacted with hydrogen to synthesize methane gas through catalysis, and the methane gas is input into a natural gas system. The hydrogen system is mainly hydrogen storage equipment, can directly provide hydrogen for hydrogen energy loads such as hydrogen energy automobiles and the like, and can also be directly used as the input of an oxyhydrogen fuel cell; an electrolytic tank in the electric power system generates hydrogen by electrolyzing water and inputs the hydrogen into the hydrogen system.
According to the comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering the hydrogen energy, an operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system considering the hydrogen energy is established, and an objective function of the model is to minimize the operation cost of the comprehensive energy system, wherein the model mainly comprises equipment operation cost (a traditional thermal power unit, a gas turbine, a fuel cell, electric energy storage, hydrogen storage equipment and gas storage equipment), energy conversion cost (an electric hydrogen production process and a methane synthesis process), environmental cost and transmission loss cost (electric transmission loss of the electric storage equipment, gas transmission loss of the hydrogen storage equipment and the gas storage equipment) and benefits brought by selling hydrogen to oxyhydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen energy automobiles.
Specifically, the objective function of running the optimization model is as shown in formulas (1) to (4):
z＝min(f 1 +f 2 +f 3 +f 4 -f 5 ) (1)
wherein z is the running cost of the integrated energy system; f (f) 1 、f 2 、f 3 、f 4 、f 5 Respectively representing the running cost of equipment, the energy conversion cost, the environmental cost, the transmission loss cost and the income brought by selling hydrogen;
in the formula ,
the running cost of the thermal power generating unit is;
The operating cost of the gas turbine;
The fuel cell operating cost;
The running cost for electric energy storage;
The operation cost of the hydrogen storage equipment is;
The operation cost of the gas storage equipment is;
The cost of hydrogen production by electricity is;
Is methane synthesisCost is achieved; f (f) 3 The running environment cost of the comprehensive energy system is realized;
The electric transmission loss for the electricity storage equipment;
The gas transmission loss of the hydrogen storage equipment;
The gas transmission loss is the gas storage equipment; f (f) 5 To sell the benefits of hydrogen.
(1) Cost of operation of equipment of integrated energy system
For the traditional thermal generator set, considering the running cost, the corresponding expression is shown in formula (5):
wherein T is the total time period number; n (N) TH The number of thermal power generating units;
the active output of the ith thermal power generating unit at the time t is obtained; a, a i ，b i ，c i Is the cost coefficient of the ith thermal power unit; Δt is the interval of the period.
It should be noted that, strictly speaking, t in the present embodiment should be a period, and the time t in the present embodiment refers to the start time of the corresponding period, and considering that the interval of the general period is relatively short, the output of the generator is considered to be unchanged in the period, and the time t refers to the corresponding period, so as to conform to the general description habit: and outputting the XX thermal power unit at the XX moment.
For the gas turbine, the operation cost is related to the active power and the power generation efficiency, and the corresponding expression is shown in the formula (6):
in the formula ,cGT The unit operation cost of the gas turbine; n (N) GT The number of the gas turbines;
the active output of the ith gas turbine at the time t is obtained; mu (mu) GT Is the power generation efficiency of the gas turbine.
For the fuel cell, the operation cost is related to the active power and the power generation efficiency, and the corresponding expression is shown in the formula (7):
in the formula ,cFC The unit operation cost of the fuel cell; n (N) FC The number of the fuel cells;
an active force of the ith fuel cell at the time t; mu (mu) H2E Is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell. />
For the electricity storage equipment, the operation cost can be obtained according to the charge state, the charge and discharge power, the terminal voltage and the capacity, and the corresponding expression is shown in the formula (8):
in the formula ,cB The running cost of the electric energy storage unit; s (t-delta t) is the energy storage charge state; η (eta) ch 、η dch The charging and discharging state of the electric energy storage at the time t; p (P) ch,t 、P dch,t Charging and discharging power for the electric energy storage at the time t; u (U) B A terminal voltage for electrical energy storage; c (C) B Is an electrical energy storage capacity.
Regarding the gas storage equipment, considering the gas storage capacity at the previous moment, the synthesis amount of natural gas (methane) at the current moment and the natural gas consumption amount of the gas turbine, the operation cost expression is shown in a formula (9):
in the formula ,cG The unit operation cost of the gas storage equipment; e (E) G,t-1 The energy storage electric quantity is the gas at the time t-1;
inputting natural gas power of the gas storage equipment at the time t; p (P) t G Natural gas power consumed by the power generation of the gas turbine at the time t; mu (mu) H2G Is the synthesis efficiency of natural gas (methane); mu (mu) GT Generating efficiency for the gas turbine; n (N) H2G The number of the methane synthesis devices;
The hydrogen energy power consumed by the ith methane synthesizing device at the time t is obtained; n (N) GT The number of the gas turbines;
Is the active output of the ith gas turbine at the time t.
Regarding the hydrogen storage equipment, considering the hydrogen storage amount at the last moment, the electric hydrogen production amount in the electrolytic tank at the current moment and the hydrogen consumption amount of the fuel cell, the operation cost expression is obtained as shown in a formula (10):
in the formula ,cH The unit operation cost for hydrogen energy storage; e (E) H,t-1 The hydrogen energy storage electric quantity at the time t-1;
inputting hydrogen energy power of a hydrogen energy storage system at the time t; p (P) t H The hydrogen energy power consumed by the fuel cell power generation at the time t; mu (mu) E2H The hydrogen production efficiency is achieved by electricity; mu (mu) H2E Generating efficiency for the fuel cell; n (N) EL The number of the electrolytic cells;
Active power consumed by the ith electrolytic cell at the time t; n (N) FC Is the number of fuel cells;
Is the active force of the ith fuel cell at time t.
(2) Energy conversion cost of integrated energy system
Considering that the hydrogen energy in the future is gradually increased in the comprehensive energy system, the cost in the electric hydrogen production process cannot be ignored. The cost of the electric hydrogen production process is mainly generated by an electrolytic cell, and the expression of the electric hydrogen production cost is shown in a formula (11):
in the formula ,cEL The running cost of the electrolytic cell per unit time; n (N) EL The number of the electrolytic cells;
the active power consumed by the ith electrolytic cell at time t.
In order to reduce the carbon emission of the comprehensive energy system, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are utilized to catalyze and react to synthesize methane. The methane synthesis costs are mainly related to the operation of the methane synthesis plant, and the methane synthesis costs are shown in formula (12):
in the formula ,λH2G The unit time operation cost of the methane synthesis equipment is set; n (N) H2G The number of methane synthesis equipment;
for the ith methane synthesis apparatusActive power consumed at time t.
(3) Environmental cost of integrated energy system
One of the main objectives of the integrated energy system is to reduce carbon emissions and increase the utilization of green energy, so that the environmental costs of the integrated energy system are necessarily considered. In the operation optimization model provided by the embodiment, the main carbon emission of the comprehensive energy system is derived from the traditional thermal generator set and the gas turbine, and the synthesis of methane, the development of hydrogen energy automobiles and electric automobiles are main ways for reducing the carbon emission of the comprehensive energy. The environmental cost expression is shown in formula (13):
in the formula ,
the carbon emission coefficient of the thermal generator set;
Carbon emission coefficient of the gas turbine;
The utilization rate of carbon dioxide in the comprehensive energy system in the methane synthesis process is utilized;
The carbon emission coefficient of the traditional fuel automobile; n (N) EBUS The total number of the electric automobiles in the comprehensive energy system; n (N) HBUS The total number of hydrogen energy automobiles in the comprehensive energy system is calculated;
The power of the ith electric automobile at the moment t;
The power at t moment of the ith hydrogen energy automobile.
(4) Transmission loss cost of integrated energy system
The electrical loss expression of the electricity storage device is shown in formula (14):
in the formula ,
the electric transmission loss for the electricity storage equipment; k (k) es Is the electric transmission loss coefficient; mu (mu) ch 、μ dch The charge and discharge efficiency of the electricity storage equipment is improved;
And storing energy to charge and discharge power at the moment t.
The gas transmission loss expression of the gas storage device is shown in formula (15):
in the formula ,
the gas transmission loss is the gas storage equipment; k (k) gs Is the gas transmission loss coefficient;
The air inlet and air discharge efficiency of the hydrogen storage equipment;
The air inlet rate and the air outlet rate of the air storage equipment at the moment t are respectively.
The gas transmission loss expression of the hydrogen storage device is shown in formula (16):
in the formula ,
the gas transmission loss of the hydrogen storage equipment; k (k) hs Is the hydrogen transmission loss coefficient;
The air inlet and air discharge efficiency of the hydrogen storage equipment;
The air inlet rate and the air discharge rate of the hydrogen storage device at the moment t are respectively.
(5) Benefit brought by selling hydrogen by comprehensive energy system
The profitability expression for hydrogen gas to be sold to hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells and hydrogen energy automobiles is shown in formula (17):
in the formula ,f5 To sell hydrogen revenue; c SH Selling prices for hydrogen per unit of power;
active power at the time of the ith hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell t;
The power at t moment of the ith hydrogen energy automobile.
The operation constraint of the comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering the hydrogen energy provided by the embodiment comprises equipment operation constraint, power network constraint and coupling constraint among subsystems.
Wherein, (1) the equipment operation constraint comprises the operation constraint of a traditional thermal power generating unit, a gas turbine, a fuel cell and an electrolytic tank and the operation constraint of energy storage equipment (including electricity storage equipment, gas storage equipment and hydrogen storage equipment);
and the operation constraint of the traditional thermal power generating unit, the gas turbine, the fuel cell and the electrolytic tank comprises the upper limit constraint and the lower limit constraint of active power and the upper limit and the lower limit constraint of climbing rate.
The operation constraint of the thermal power generating unit is shown in formulas (18) and (19):
in the formula ,
is the upper limit and the lower limit of the active power of the ith thermal power unit t at the moment, ++>
The upper limit and the lower limit of the climbing rate of the ith thermal power generating unit.
The gas turbine operating constraints are shown in formulas (20), (21):
in the formula ,
for the upper and lower limit of the active power of the ith gas turbine t at time, +.>
Is the upper and lower limits of the ramp rate of the ith gas turbine.
The fuel cell operation constraints are shown in formulas (22), (23):
in the formula ,
upper and lower limits of active power for the ith fuel cell t>
Is the upper and lower limits of the ramp rate of the ith fuel cell.
The cell operating constraints are shown in equation (24):
in the formula ,
is the upper and lower limits of the active power of the ith electrolytic tank t at the moment.
The energy storage equipment of the comprehensive energy system is divided into electricity storage equipment, gas storage equipment and hydrogen storage equipment, and the operation constraint of the energy storage equipment comprises energy balance constraint, energy upper and lower limit constraint, power upper and lower limit constraint and transmission loss constraint.
The energy balance constraint of the electricity storage device is shown in formula (25):
in the formula ,
the electricity storage quantity is t time; mu (mu) ch 、μ dch The charge and discharge efficiency of the electricity storage equipment is improved;
And storing energy to charge and discharge power for the time t.
The upper and lower limit constraints of the electric storage amount are shown in the formula (26):
in the formula ,EB,min 、E B,max Is the upper and lower limit of the electricity storage capacity.
The upper and lower limit constraints of the charge and discharge power of the electricity storage device are shown in formulas (27) and (28):
in the formula ,Pch,min 、P ch,max Charging the energy storage device with an upper and lower power limit; p (P) dch,min 、P dch,max And the upper limit and the lower limit of the power are amplified for the energy storage device.
The hydrogen amount balance constraint of the gas storage device is shown in a formula (29):
in the formula ,Vt G The hydrogen storage quantity is the time t,
the air inlet and air discharge efficiency of the hydrogen storage equipment;
The air inlet rate and the air outlet rate of the air storage equipment at the moment t are respectively.
The upper and lower limit constraints of the gas storage volume are shown in a formula (30):
in the formula ,VG,min 、V G,max Is the upper and lower limit of the gas storage amount.
The hydrogen amount balance constraint of the hydrogen storage device is as shown in formula (31):
in the formula ,Vt H The hydrogen storage quantity is the time t,
the air inlet and air discharge efficiency of the hydrogen storage equipment;
The air inlet rate and the air discharge rate of the hydrogen storage device at the moment t are respectively.
The upper and lower limit constraints of the hydrogen storage amount are shown in the formula (32):
in the formula ,Vt H For the hydrogen storage quantity at time t, V H,min 、V H,max Is the upper and lower limit of the hydrogen storage amount.
(2) Power network constraints for integrated energy systems
The power network flow constraint adopts a linear model, and the line loss is ignored. The linear power flow constraint expressions are shown in formulas (33) to (37):
v i,min ≤v i,t ≤v i,max (37)
wherein epsilon is a line set; s is S ij，t ，S ki，t The power flow of the line between the nodes i and j and the nodes k and i at the moment t; s is(s) i,t The injection power of the node i at the moment t;
the power of the generator at the node i at the moment t;
Rated power of the node i generator;
the load power at the node i comprises the load charging power of the electric automobile; re (·) is the real part of the acquired complex; v i,t 、v j,t The squares of the voltage amplitude values at the node i and the node j at the moment t are respectively obtained; v i,min 、v i,max The maximum value and the minimum value of the square of the voltage amplitude at the node i are obtained;
Transpose the conjugate of the impedance of the line ij.
(3) Inter-subsystem coupling constraints for integrated energy systems
The natural gas network and the hydrogen network are coupled through the methane synthesis device, and the coupling constraint is the relation between the output power of the hydrogen energy system and the natural gas injection power, as shown in formula (38):
in the formula ,
the gas injection amount at the time t of the ith methane synthesis device; θ gas Is natural gas with high heat value; mu (mu) H2G The efficiency of synthesizing methane from hydrogen;
Injecting a methane power value of a natural gas network into the methane synthesis device at the moment t;
And (5) feeding hydrogen energy power into the methane synthesis device at the moment of the hydrogen energy storage system t.
The natural gas network and the electric power network are coupled through the gas turbine, and the coupling constraint is the relation between the output power of the micro gas turbine and the natural gas consumption, as shown in a formula (39):
in the formula ,
the active power output of the ith micro gas turbine at the t moment is obtained; mu (mu) GT The power generation efficiency coefficient of the gas turbine is;
The natural gas consumption of the ith gas turbine at the time t is calculated; θ gas Is natural gas with high heat value.
The hydrogen network and the electric network are coupled through an oxyhydrogen fuel cell and an electrolytic tank, wherein the relation between the output power of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell and the hydrogen injection amount is as shown in a formula (40):
in the formula ,
the active force of the ith fuel cell at the t moment is obtained; mu (mu) H2E The power generation efficiency coefficient of the fuel cell;
and inputting the hydrogen energy power of the fuel cell into the hydrogen energy storage system t at the moment.
The relationship between cell power consumption and the amount of hydrogen produced is shown in equation (41):
in the formula ,
the active force of the ith electrolytic tank at the time t is obtained; mu (mu) E2H The hydrogen production efficiency is achieved by electricity;
Power is consumed at time t for the ith electrolytic cell.
The solving process of the operation optimization model of the embodiment is as follows: inputting operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system into the operation optimization model, and solving the operation optimization model to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system; the method specifically comprises three parts of data input, optimization software solving and operation scheme output:
(1) Data input: the operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system are input, including system structure parameters, load (electric load, gas load and hydrogen load) parameters, equipment operation parameters, energy transmission loss parameters, environment cost parameters, hydrogen sales gain parameters and the like.
(2) And (3) solving by using optimization software: the operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system provided by the embodiment of the invention is a linear optimization model, and the solution of the optimization model can be realized by utilizing mature commercial optimization software programming.
(3) And (3) outputting an operation scheme: and obtaining the active output strategies of all the power supplies (thermal power generating units, gas turbines and fuel cells) at all the moments according to the solving result of the operation optimization model, charging and discharging power of the electric energy storage at all the moments, and air inlet and air outlet rates of the air/hydrogen energy storage equipment at all the moments, so as to obtain the economic operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system.
According to the comprehensive energy system operation optimization method considering the hydrogen energy, the energy conversion relation and the operation scene of the comprehensive energy system with the participation of the hydrogen energy are fully considered, the operation coupling relation among all subsystems of the hydrogen energy system, the natural gas system and the electric power system is fully considered, the energy conversion relation among the electric power system, the natural gas system and the hydrogen energy system is given, the operation cost of various devices of the comprehensive energy system, the electricity-natural gas-hydrogen energy conversion cost, the environmental benefit and the economic benefit brought by the participation of the hydrogen energy are taken as optimization targets, a comprehensive energy economic operation optimization model with the participation of the hydrogen energy is established, and the optimal operation mode of the comprehensive energy system with the participation of the hydrogen energy is obtained by solving the operation optimization model.
Referring to fig. 3, the following is another embodiment of an operation optimization method of a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy, which is a comprehensive energy system comprising an electric power system, a natural gas system, a hydrogen storage device, etc., and a structural schematic diagram of the comprehensive energy system containing hydrogen for energy storage is shown in fig. 3.
Two thermal generators at nodes 1 and 2, two gas turbines at nodes 4 and 7 and a fuel cell at node 3 in the power system are main power generation equipment. The electric load comprises a common electric load at each node, an electrolytic tank and an electric automobile. The electricity storage device may be used as both a power generation device and a load. The node N1 in the natural gas system is connected to a natural gas source, the node N3 is a gas storage tank, and the rest nodes have natural gas loads. The hydrogen system mainly comprises hydrogen storage equipment, and the main load is an oxyhydrogen fuel cell and a hydrogen energy automobile.
The power system is coupled to the hydrogen system via an oxyhydrogen fuel cell at node 3 and an electrolyzer. The hydrogen system injects hydrogen into the fuel cell to produce electric energy for injection into the power system. The electrolyzer is used for injecting hydrogen into the hydrogen system through electrolysis of water.
The power system is coupled to the natural gas system by a gas turbine at node 7. The injection of natural gas from the natural gas system into the combustion turbine reflects the generation of electrical energy into the electrical power system.
The natural gas system and the hydrogen system are coupled by a methane synthesis unit at node N3. And the hydrogen input by the hydrogen system and the captured carbon dioxide are catalyzed and reflected to obtain methane gas.
The power system, the natural gas system and the hydrogen energy storage system in the comprehensive energy system realize energy conversion and operation among all subsystems of the comprehensive energy system through the coupling elements.
In the method for optimizing the operation of the integrated energy system taking the hydrogen energy into consideration provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the structure of the integrated energy system taking the hydrogen energy into consideration,
the method comprises various energy conversion processes among the hydrogen energy system, the electric power system and the natural gas system, and considers the environmental benefit and the economic benefit of new energy loads such as hydrogen energy automobiles, electric automobiles and the like in the comprehensive energy system;
the energy coupling constraint between the hydrogen energy system and the power system, between the hydrogen energy system and the natural gas system and between the power system and the natural gas system are fully considered, and the optimization model is more comprehensive and reasonable;
the method has the advantages that the operation cost of various devices in the system, the energy conversion (electric hydrogen production process and methane synthesis process) cost among subsystems, the environmental cost, the energy transmission loss cost and the relational expression of benefits brought by hydrogen selling energy are described in detail, and the obtained comprehensive energy optimization operation scheme is more practical.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, specific working procedures of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to corresponding procedures in the foregoing method embodiments, which are not repeated herein.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An integrated energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at a comprehensive energy system considering hydrogen energy, the comprehensive energy system comprises an electric power system, a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, wherein equipment operation constraint, electric power network constraint and coupling constraint among subsystems are taken as operation constraint conditions, and minimized operation cost is taken as an objective function, and an operation optimization model of the comprehensive energy system is established;
inputting operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system into the operation optimization model, and solving the operation optimization model to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the comprehensive energy system; the operation parameters of the comprehensive energy system comprise system structure parameters, load parameters, equipment operation parameters, energy transmission loss parameters, environment cost parameters and benefit parameters of selling hydrogen;
the objective function is:
z＝min(f 1 +f 2 +f 3 +f 4 -f 5 )；
wherein z is the running cost of the integrated energy system; f (f) 1 、f 2 、f 3 、f 4 、f 5 Respectively represent the running cost of the equipment,Energy conversion cost, environmental cost, transmission loss cost, and revenue from selling hydrogen;
f 1 ＝f 1 TH +f 1 GT +f 1 FC +f 1 B +f 1 G +f 1 H ；
f 1 TH 、f 1 GT 、f 1 FC the operation cost of the thermal power generating unit, the gas turbine and the fuel cell is respectively; f (f) 1 B 、f 1 H 、f 1 G The operation cost of the electricity storage equipment, the hydrogen storage equipment and the gas storage equipment is as follows;
costs for electro-hydrogen production and methane synthesis, respectively;
The electric transmission loss of the electricity storage equipment;
Gas transmission loss for the hydrogen storage device;
The gas transmission loss of the gas storage equipment;
wherein T is the total time period number, N TH Is the number of the thermal power generating units,
the active output of the ith thermal power generating unit at the moment t, a i ，b i ，c i Is the cost coefficient of the ith thermal power unit;
c GT for the unit operating cost of the gas turbine, N GT Is the number of the gas turbines to be used,
for the i-th gas turbine active power output at time t, mu GT The power generation efficiency of the gas turbine is that deltat is the interval of time;
c FC for the unit operation cost of the fuel cell, N FC Is the number of the fuel cells to be used,
is the active force of the ith hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell at the moment t, mu H2E Is the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell.
2. The method for optimizing the operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into account hydrogen energy according to claim 1, wherein,
wherein ,cB For the unit operation cost of the electricity storage equipment, S (t-delta t) is the energy storage charge state, eta ch 、η dch The charge and discharge state of the electricity storage equipment at the moment t is P ch,t 、P dch,t For the charge and discharge power of the electricity storage equipment at the moment of t, U B For terminal voltage of electric storage equipment, C B Is the capacity of the electricity storage device;
c G for the unit operation cost of the gas storage equipment E G,t-1 The residual electric quantity of the gas energy storage system at the time t-1 is P t E2G Inputting natural gas power of gas storage equipment at time t, P t G Power of natural gas consumed by power generation of gas turbine at t moment mu H2G For the efficiency of synthesizing methane from hydrogen, N H2G For the number of methane synthesis units,
for the active power consumed by the ith methane synthesizer at time t, N GT The number of the gas turbines;
c H for the unit operation cost of the hydrogen storage device E H,t-1 The residual electric quantity of the hydrogen energy storage system at the time t-1 is P t E2H Inputting hydrogen energy power of a hydrogen energy storage system at the moment t, P t H The power mu of hydrogen energy consumed by the fuel cell at the moment t E2H For the efficiency of electric hydrogen production, N EL For the number of cells to be used,
for the active power consumed by the ith electrolytic cell at time t, N FC Is the number of fuel cells.
3. The method for optimizing the operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into account hydrogen energy according to claim 2, wherein,
wherein ,cEL For the running cost of the electrolytic cell per unit time, N EL For the number of cells to be used,
active power consumed by the ith electrolytic cell at the time t; lambda (lambda) H2G Is the unit time operation cost of the methane synthesis equipment.
4. The method for optimizing the operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into consideration hydrogen energy according to claim 3,
wherein ,
is the carbon emission coefficient of the thermal generator set, +.>
For the carbon emission coefficient of the gas turbine, < > for>
For the carbon dioxide utilization of the integrated energy system in the methane synthesis process, < > for>
Is the carbon emission coefficient of the traditional fuel automobile, N EBUS N is the total number of electric vehicles in the comprehensive energy system HBUS The total number of hydrogen energy automobiles in the comprehensive energy system is calculated;
For the power of the ith electric car at time t, < >>
The power at t moment of the ith hydrogen energy automobile.
5. The method for optimizing the operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into account hydrogen energy according to claim 4,
wherein ,
for electric transmission loss, k of electric storage equipment es Loss coefficient, mu, of electric transmission ch 、μ dch P is the charge and discharge efficiency of the electricity storage equipment t ch 、P t dch The charge and discharge power of the electricity storage equipment at the moment t;
6. The method for optimizing the operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into account hydrogen energy according to claim 5, wherein,
wherein ,f5 To sell the benefits of hydrogen, c SH The price is sold for the unit power of hydrogen,
the power at t moment of the ith hydrogen energy automobile.
7. The integrated energy system operation optimization method considering hydrogen energy of claim 6, wherein the plant operation constraints include: thermal power generating unit, gas turbine, fuel cell, electrolysis trough, storage of electricity equipment, storage of hydrogen equipment and the operation constraint of storage of gas equipment.
8. The method for optimizing operation of a comprehensive energy system taking into account hydrogen energy according to claim 7, wherein the coupling constraints between the subsystems include coupling constraints between a natural gas system and a hydrogen energy storage system, coupling constraints between a natural gas system and an electric power system, and coupling constraints between a hydrogen energy storage system and an electric power system;
the coupling constraint between the natural gas system and the hydrogen energy storage system is as follows:
the coupling constraint between the natural gas system and the power system is as follows:
The coupling constraint between the hydrogen energy storage system and the power system is as follows:
in the formula ,
the gas injection amount θ at time t of the ith methane synthesizer gas Is natural gas with high heat value and mu H2G Efficiency for synthesizing methane from hydrogen, P t H2G Methane power value P of natural gas system is injected into methane synthesis device at time t t 1H The hydrogen energy power flowing into the methane synthesizing device at the moment t for the hydrogen energy storage system;
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