CN112989479A - Drainage system for main branch line of karst tunnel and design method thereof - Google Patents
Drainage system for main branch line of karst tunnel and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a drainage system for a main branch line of a karst tunnel and a design method thereof. And determining the arrangement positions of the drainage tunnel and the transverse branch tunnel by calculating the water passing sections of the drainage tunnel and the transverse branch tunnel. And the whole drainage system comprises a central drainage ditch, a drainage hole, a transverse branch hole and a vertical shaft for communicating the central drainage ditch with the transverse branch hole. The method adopts a sectional drainage mode to overcome the defects of overlong longitudinal drainage section of the tunnel, overlarge pressure of downstream drainage facilities and the like by taking the parallel drainage tunnel as a longitudinal main channel and the transverse branch tunnel as a water collecting branch channel, reduces the engineering scale, fully exerts the water passing capacity of the longitudinal drainage facilities and keeps the drying of the roadway. The problem of how to determine the engineering technical parameters of the parallel type drainage tunnels and the transverse branch tunnels is also solved, example analysis and calculation are carried out depending on engineering, and the design method for jointly arranging the parallel drainage tunnels and the transverse branch tunnels and jointly reducing water is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a drainage system for a main branch line of a karst tunnel and a design method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the traffic industry of China, the areas for constructing tunnels are wider and wider, the longitudinal length of the tunnels is longer and longer, when highway tunnels in mountainous areas pass through karst areas, adverse geological diseases such as underground rivers, karst funnels, fault fracture zones enriched by underground water and the like can be encountered, the adverse geological diseases can not only accelerate the aging of tunnel systems, but also threaten the operation safety of tunnel pavements.
In the prior art, treatment measures such as increasing the longitudinal drainage gradient of the tunnel, increasing the section area of a drainage facility, arranging a parallel drainage tunnel and the like are generally adopted, so that the invasion of underground water to the tunnel structure is avoided, and the driving safety of the tunnel in the operation period is ensured. Because the drainage zone section is longer, each district section influences each other greatly, in highway tunnel construction and operation maintenance process, still appear more water damage.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a drainage system for a main branch of a karst tunnel and a design method thereof to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a main branch drainage system for a karst tunnel and a design method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that when an existing mountain road tunnel passes through a karst region, as drainage sections are longer, the sections have larger mutual influence, so that more water damage still occurs in the road tunnel construction and operation maintenance processes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a design method for a drainage system of a main branch line of a karst tunnel, comprising the steps of:
step S1, calculating the water passing section of the drainage tunnel: calculating the economic section size of the drainage tunnel, and determining the overflow section size of the drainage tunnel according to the economic section size of the drainage tunnel and the requirement of a drainage safety coefficient;
step S2, calculating the water passing section of the transverse branch tunnel: inversely calculating the designed drainage quantity of the transverse branch tunnel according to the sum of the drainage quantities of a plurality of central drainage ditches of the tunnel and the abundance coefficient, and calculating the cross section size of the transverse branch tunnel according to the designed drainage quantity and the cross section size;
step S3, determining the arrangement position of the spillway tunnel: determining the plane and the vertical position of the drainage tunnel according to the safety distance between the tunnel main tunnel and the drainage tunnel, the radius of a precipitation funnel and the construction requirement of no pressure or low pressure (less than 300kPa) of the tunnel main tunnel;
step S4, determining the arrangement position of the transverse branch tunnel: and calculating the maximum distance of the transverse branch holes which are excavated at low pressure along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel of the tunnel, and taking the maximum distance as the arrangement position of the transverse branch holes.
Preferably, the step S1 includes:
step S11, obtaining the predicted daily water inflow Q of the main tunnel1(ii) a Wherein the obtaining mode comprises directly obtaining according to the geological exploration report and according to a formula Q1One or more of F × M; wherein F is the catchment area of the tunnel passing through the supply area of the karst aquifer, and M is the groundwater runoff modulus;
step S12, according to the forecast daily water inflow Q1And conversion formula Q2＝Q186400, calculating the predicted flow of the drainage tunnel;
step S13, according to the formula
Obtaining the economic section size of the drainage tunnel; wherein Q is2In order to predict the flow rate of the drainage tunnel, b is the height and/or width of the drainage tunnel, n is the roughness of the wall of the drainage tunnel, and i is the bottom slope of the drainage tunnel;
and S14, obtaining the water passing section size according to the economic section size and the constructable section size of the drainage tunnel and the requirement of the drainage safety coefficient.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S21, according to the formula
Obtaining the flow of the single central drainage ditch; wherein Q iscFor individual central drain drainage volumes, n1The roughness of the wall of the central drainage ditch, A is the area of the central drainage ditch, rho is the wet circumference of the central drainage ditch, i1Is a longitudinal slope of a main tunnel of the tunnel;
step S22, inversely calculating the designed drainage quantity of the transverse branch tunnel according to the sum of the drainage quantities of the central drainage ditches and the allowance coefficient of 1.5-3;
step S23, calculating formula according to the designed water discharge amount and section size
Obtaining the water passing section size of the transverse branch tunnel; wherein n is the roughness of the wall of the transverse branch hole, b is the height and/or width of the transverse branch hole, and i is the bottom slope of the transverse branch hole.
Preferably, the step S3 includes:
step S31, determining that the safety distance between the tunnel main hole and the drainage hole is larger than 1 time of the hole diameter of the tunnel main hole;
step S32, according to the formula
Calculating the effective radius of the precipitation funnel according to a formula
Calculating the position water head of the tunnel main tunnel and the drainage tunnel, so as to obtain the relative positions of the tunnel main tunnel and the drainage tunnel; wherein R is the influence radius of the sluicing tunnel, S is the water level depth, H is the water head height, k is the water permeability, x is the distance between the main tunnel and the sluicing tunnel, y is the water level depth corresponding to the position of the main tunnel, RwIs the radius of the sluicehole;
and step S33, determining the plane and the vertical position of the drainage tunnel according to the safe distance, the radius of the precipitation funnel and the maximum value of the relative position.
Preferably, the step S4 includes:
step S41, according to the formula
Calculating the reference radius of the rectangular section; wherein r is0To quote the radius, a is the tunnel system width and η is the coefficient related to b/a;
step S42, according to the curve equation of precipitation funnel
Calculating the position water head of the transverse branch tunnel; wherein x is the longitudinal distance from the branch tunnel, y is the water head depth of the corresponding position, H1The maximum water head of the main tunnel, delta h is the distance from the top of the main tunnel to the bottom of the branch tunnel, hfSafe construction water pressure is applied to the top of the middle tunnel during the construction of the main tunnel;
step S43, according to the formula D2 × (x + r)0) And calculating the maximum distance of the transverse branch holes which are excavated at low pressure along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel of the tunnel, and taking the maximum distance as the arrangement position of the transverse branch holes.
The invention provides a drainage system for a main branch of a karst tunnel, which comprises a central drainage ditch arranged below a tunnel pavement and extending along the extension direction of a main tunnel of the tunnel, and is characterized by also comprising drainage holes for draining underground water around the tunnel, transverse branch holes for collecting the underground water of the main tunnel of the tunnel, and a vertical shaft for communicating the central drainage ditch with the transverse branch holes; wherein,
the sluicing hole is arranged outside the tunnel and extends along the extending direction of the tunnel, and the safe distance between the sluicing hole and the tunnel meets the conditions that: the safety distance between the tunnel main hole and the drainage hole is larger than 1 time of the hole diameter of the main tunnel, and the safety distance is calculated according to a formula
Calculating the position water head of the main tunnel to the drainage tunnel;
the transverse branch tunnel is transversely arranged below the tunnel pavement and communicated with the drainage tunnel, a preset drainage gradient is formed between the transverse branch tunnel and the transverse direction of the tunnel, so that underground water collected by the transverse branch tunnel is drained to the drainage tunnel, and the water passing section of the transverse branch tunnel conforms to a formula
The vertical shaft is vertically arranged between the central drainage ditch and the transverse branch holes, the upper end of the vertical shaft is communicated with the central drainage ditch, and the lower end of the vertical shaft is communicated with the transverse drainage holes.
Preferably, the spillway tunnel is arranged in parallel with the tunnel, the transverse branch tunnel is arranged perpendicular to the spillway tunnel, the preset safe distance is not less than 1.5 times of the excavation diameter of the main tunnel, the bottom of the spillway tunnel is lower than the bottom of the central drainage ditch, and the height difference between the bottom of the spillway tunnel and the vault of the main tunnel is greater than 10 meters; the bottom of the transverse branch tunnel is 0.4-0.6m lower than the bottom of the drainage tunnel.
Preferably, the cross-sectional shapes of the drainage tunnel and the transverse branch tunnel comprise one or more of a rectangle, a circle, a straight-wall arc arch and a horseshoe.
Preferably, a plurality of water collecting pipes are communicated above the spillway tunnel so as to collect the underground water near the spillway tunnel into the spillway tunnel.
Preferably, a staircase is further arranged between the transverse branch tunnel and the main tunnel hole, so that workers can conveniently overhaul and maintain the tunnel.
Compared with the prior art, the drainage system for the main branch line of the karst tunnel and the design method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the parallel type drainage tunnel is used as a longitudinal main channel, the transverse branch tunnel is used as a water collecting branch channel, the defects that the longitudinal drainage section of the tunnel is too long, the pressure of a downstream drainage facility is too high and the like are overcome by adopting a sectional drainage mode, karst underground water at the periphery of the main tunnel, particularly underground water in karst channels such as karst caves and underground rivers, the engineering scale is reduced, the water passing capacity of the longitudinal drainage facility is fully exerted, and the dryness of the roadway is kept.
In addition, the invention also solves the problem of how to determine the engineering technical parameters of the parallel type drainage tunnels and the transverse branch tunnels, and realizes the design method of jointly arranging the parallel drainage tunnels and the transverse branch tunnels and jointly lowering water by depending on the engineering to carry out example analysis and calculation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the system shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an underground construction layout in one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a layout section in one embodiment of the present invention.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The reference numbers illustrate:
a tunnel main bore 100; a center drain 110;
a drainage tunnel 200;
a transverse branch 300;
a silo 400;
a staircase 500;
a water collection pipe 600.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for designing a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel includes:
step S1, calculating the water passing section of the drainage tunnel 200: calculating the economic section size of the drainage tunnel 200, and determining the overflow section size of the drainage tunnel 200 according to the economic section size of the drainage tunnel 200 and the requirement of the drainage safety coefficient; wherein, the step S1 specifically includes:
step S11, obtaining the predicted daily water inflow Q of the main tunnel cave 1001(ii) a Wherein the obtaining mode comprises directly obtaining according to the geological exploration report and according to a formula Q1As one or more of F × M, it should be noted that the daily water inflow Q is predicted1Typically, it is required to be provided by a geological survey report, or if the report is not provided, it is expressed as Q1The predicted daily water inflow is calculated as F × M, wherein F is obtained by investigation, and M is generally 2.5-3.5. Wherein Q is1Forecasting water inflow (m3/d) for the tunnel, F is the catchment area (km) of the replenishment area of the tunnel passing through the karst aquifer2) M is groundwater runoff modulus (L/s.km)2)。
Step S12, according to the forecast daily water inflow Q1And conversion formula Q2＝Q186400, calculating the predicted flow of the drainage tunnel 200; wherein Q is2For predicting 200 flow (m) of the sluicing cave3/s)。
Step S13, according to the formula
Obtaining the economic section size of the drainage tunnel 200; wherein b is the height and/or width (m) of the sluiceway 200, n is the roughness of the wall of the sluiceway 200, and i is the bottom slope of the sluiceway 200;
and step S14, obtaining the water passing cross section size according to the economic cross section size and the constructable cross section size of the drainage tunnel 200 and the requirement of the drainage safety coefficient. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that after calculating the economic profile of the tailrace cavern 200, it is necessary to compare the constructable profiles of the tailrace cavern 200 and reserve a sufficient drainage safety factor. Through investigation, the size of the cross section of the tunnel constructed by the drilling and blasting method is generally not smaller than 3.5m, otherwise, the construction difficulty is very high, the utilization rate of mechanical equipment is low, and the engineering cost is high.
The G59 Hubei Zhang Jiajie to the public district Yuan terrace tunnel parallel drainage tunnel 200 of the invention adopts the cross section size that the width of the bottom edge is 4.8m, the height is 5m, and the cross section form is a straight wall arc arch.
Step S2, calculating the water passing section of the transverse branch tunnel 300: and inversely calculating the designed drainage quantity of the transverse branch 300 according to the sum of the drainage quantities of the central drainage ditches 110 of the tunnel and the abundance coefficient, and calculating the water cross section size of the transverse branch 300 according to the designed drainage quantity and the cross section size. Specifically, the water passing section of the transverse branch hole 300 is determined according to the water passing capacity of the longitudinal central drainage ditch 110 with the main drainage function of the main tunnel hole 100, and the transverse branch hole has the main functions of collecting underground water in the main tunnel hole 100 and reducing the water head of the main tunnel hole 100.
Wherein, the step S2 specifically includes:
step S21, according to the formula
Capturing individual said center drain 110 flowsAn amount; wherein Q iscDrainage volume (m) for a single center drain 1103/s)，n1The roughness of the wall of the central drainage ditch 110 is determined, the concrete structure is 0.013, A is the 110 area (m) of the central drainage ditch2) Rho is the wet circumference (m), i) of the central drainage ditch 1101Is a longitudinal slope of a main tunnel 100;
and step S22, inversely calculating the design drainage quantity of the transverse branch holes 300 according to the sum of the drainage quantities of the central drainage ditches 110 and the allowance coefficient of 1.5-3.
Step S23, calculating formula according to the designed water discharge amount and section size
And obtaining the water passing section size of the transverse branch tunnel 300, wherein n is the roughness of the wall of the drainage tunnel, b is the height and/or width (m) of the transverse branch tunnel, and i is the bottom slope of the transverse branch tunnel. It is noted that the drainage amount of the lateral branch tunnel 300 can be obtained by inversely calculating the drainage amount of the lateral branch tunnel 300 from the sum of the calculated drainage amounts of the plurality of central ditches and considering the margin coefficient of 1.5 to 3, and the cross-sectional dimension of the lateral branch tunnel 300 is referred to as QcThe minimum section width and the minimum section height which are set after the feasibility of construction is considered are not less than 2.2m, and the section shape can adopt a semicircular straight wall arch.
The transverse branch hole 300 of the tunnel from the G59 Hubei Zhang Jiajie to the Yuan terrace of the official village adopts the cross section with the width of 2.4m at the bottom side and the height of 2.4m, and the cross section is in the form of a straight wall arc.
Step S3, determining the arrangement position of the spillway tunnel 200: determining the plane and vertical position of the drainage tunnel 200 according to the safety distance between the tunnel main tunnel 100 and the drainage tunnel 200, the radius of a precipitation funnel and the construction requirement of no pressure or low pressure (less than 300kPa) of the tunnel main tunnel 100;
the step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, determining that the safety distance between the tunnel main hole 100 and the drainage hole 200 is greater than 1 time of the hole diameter of the tunnel main hole 100; because the structural safety distance between the tunnel main tunnel 100 and the sluicing tunnel 200 is generally 1-2 times of the excavation diameter of the tunnel main tunnel 100 according to the professional requirements of the current tunnel structure, the planar safety distance required in the structural aspect needs to be more than 1 time of the diameter.
Step S32, according to the formula
Calculating the effective radius of the precipitation funnel according to a formula
And calculating the position water head of the tunnel main tunnel 100 to the drainage tunnel 200 so as to obtain the relative positions of the tunnel main tunnel 100 and the drainage tunnel 200, wherein the effective radius of the precipitation funnel is calculated by adopting a Kursaau formula.
Wherein R is the influence radius (m) of the sluicing cave 200, S is the water level depth (m), H is the water head height (m), k is the water-containing permeability (m/d), x is the distance (m) between the main cave and the sluicing cave 200, y is the water level depth (m) corresponding to the position of the main cave, RwIs 200 radius (m) of the drainage tunnel;
and step S33, determining the plane and the vertical position of the drainage tunnel 200 according to the safe distance, the radius of the precipitation funnel and the maximum value of the relative position.
The tunnel parameters of the Yuan terrace from Hebei Zhang Jiajie to the Manchu segment are as follows by applying the G59 of the invention: h180 m, S180 m, k 0.25m/d, and R2420 m is the calculated radius of influence of the spillway tunnel 200. The excavation diameter of the tunnel main tunnel 100 is 13m, and the construction safety clear distance between the water tunnel 200 and the main tunnel is 19m according to the diameter 1.5 times of the tunnel from the viewpoint of structural safety. The parallel sluiceways 200 are arranged in the upstream direction of underground water flow of the main tunnel, the main tunnel is arranged in an up-down separated mode, the distances between the near-end main tunnel and the far-end main tunnel and the sluiceways 200 are respectively 25m and 68m, the water head heights of the near-end main tunnel and the far-end main tunnel in the construction period are respectively 60m and 87m, and if the requirements of non-pressure or low-pressure construction of the main tunnel are met, the parallel sluiceways 200 are required to be arranged below the top of the main tunnel by 70 m. The arrangement depth of the drainage tunnel 200 is far lower than that of the main tunnel, so that construction is not convenient, and a transverse branch tunnel 300 needs to be arranged for assisting precipitation.
Step S4, determining the arrangement position of the lateral branch tunnel 300: and calculating the maximum distance of the transverse branch tunnels 300 which are excavated at low pressure along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 100 of the tunnel as the arrangement positions of the transverse branch tunnels 300.
The step S4 specifically includes:
step S41, according to the formula
Calculating the reference radius of the rectangular section; it should be noted that the transverse branch tunnel 300 and the tunnel main tunnel 100 form a combined drainage system, that is, the transverse branch tunnel 300 and the drainage system of the tunnel main tunnel 100 are combined to form a 'big well', which is essentially to simplify the occupied area of all the drainage systems into a circular big well, and then calculate the formula of the precipitation funnel to calculate the water head, but the radius r of the drainage tunnel 200 needs to be equal towAnd calculating the reference radius of the rectangular section by replacing the reference radius. Wherein r is0To reference the radius (m), a is the tunnel system width (m), η is a coefficient related to b/a, 1 is taken when b/a is 0, 1.18 is taken when b/a is 0.8, and interpolation is performed.
Step S42, according to the curve equation of precipitation funnel
Calculating the position water head of the transverse branch hole 300; wherein x is the longitudinal distance (m) from the branch tunnel, y is the water head depth (m) of the corresponding position, H1The maximum water head (m) of the main tunnel, delta h is the distance (m) from the top of the main tunnel to the bottom of the branch tunnel, hfThe hydraulic pressure (m) is safely constructed at the top of the main tunnel;
step S43, according to the formula D2 × (x + r)0) And calculating the maximum distance of the transverse branch tunnels 300 which are excavated at low pressure along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 100 of the tunnel as the arrangement positions of the transverse branch tunnels 300. Because the drainage of the water collecting well has axial symmetry, the maximum distance of the branch tunnel which is excavated along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel 100 of the tunnel and keeps low pressure can be calculated according to the following precipitation funnel curve equation in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction.
The tunnel parameters of the Yuan terrace from Hebei Zhang Jiajie to the Manchu segment are as follows by applying the G59 of the invention: when a is 85m, b is 15m, S1 is 87m, H1 is 87m, Δ H is 14m, and hf is 30m, the reference radius r0 is 1.12 × (85+15) ÷ 4 is 28m, the maximum x is 260m, and the maximum clear distance of the transverse branch 300 is 576 m. Considering 95% of guarantee coefficient, the longitudinal distance of the transverse branch holes 300 is approximately controlled within 600m, and the transverse branch holes are arranged as close to the fault and the karst development section as possible.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the present invention further provides a drainage system for a main branch of a karst tunnel, comprising a center drain 110 disposed below a tunnel pavement and extending in an extending direction of a main tunnel 100 of the tunnel, a drainage opening 200 for draining groundwater surrounding the tunnel, a lateral branch 300 for collecting groundwater in the main tunnel 100 of the tunnel, and a shaft 400 for communicating the center drain 110 with the lateral branch 300; wherein,
the drainage tunnel 200 is arranged outside the tunnel and extends along the extending direction of the tunnel, and the safe distance between the drainage tunnel 200 and the tunnel meets the condition: the safety distance between the tunnel main hole 100 and the drainage hole 200 is greater than 1 time of the hole diameter of the main tunnel, and the safety distance is determined according to a formula
Calculating the position water head of the main tunnel cave 100 from the drainage cave 200;
the transverse branch tunnel 300 is transversely arranged below the tunnel pavement and communicated with the drainage tunnel 200, a preset drainage gradient is formed between the transverse branch tunnel 300 and the transverse direction of the tunnel, so that underground water collected by the transverse branch tunnel 300 is drained to the drainage tunnel 200, and the water passing section of the transverse branch tunnel 300 conforms to a formula
The vertical shaft 400 is vertically disposed between the center drain 110 and the lateral branch 300, the upper end of the vertical shaft 400 is communicated with the center drain 110, and the lower end of the vertical shaft 400 is communicated with the lateral drain 200.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drainage tunnel 200 is disposed in parallel with the tunnel, the lateral branch tunnels 300 are disposed perpendicular to the drainage tunnel 200, the preset safety distance is not less than 1.5 times of the excavation diameter of the main tunnel 100, the bottom of the drainage tunnel 200 is lower than the trench bottom of the central drainage trench 110, and the height difference between the bottom of the drainage tunnel 200 and the arch top of the main tunnel 100 is greater than 10 meters; the bottom of the transverse branch tunnel 300 is 0.4-0.6m lower than the bottom of the drainage tunnel 200.
Further, the cross-sectional shapes of the drainage tunnel 200 and the transverse branch tunnel 300 include one or more of a rectangle, a circle, a straight-wall arc arch and a horseshoe shape.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of water collecting pipes 600 are further connected to the upper portion of the spillway tunnel 200 to collect the groundwater near the spillway tunnel 200 into the spillway tunnel 200.
Further, a staircase 500 is disposed between the lateral branch tunnel 300 and the main tunnel 100 for the worker to repair and maintain. Specifically, staircases 500 are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the main tunnel 100 of the tunnel, and the staircases 500 are connected with the transverse branch holes 300, so that the overhaul and the maintenance of workers are convenient.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent systems or equivalent flow transformations that may be applied to the present specification and drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technologies, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, calculating the water passing section of the drainage tunnel: calculating the economic section size of the drainage tunnel, and determining the overflow section size of the drainage tunnel according to the economic section size of the drainage tunnel and the requirement of a drainage safety coefficient;
step S2, calculating the water passing section of the transverse branch tunnel: inversely calculating the designed drainage quantity of the transverse branch tunnel according to the sum of the drainage quantities of a plurality of central drainage ditches of the tunnel and the abundance coefficient, and calculating the cross section size of the transverse branch tunnel according to the designed drainage quantity and the cross section size;
step S3, determining the arrangement position of the spillway tunnel: determining the plane and the vertical position of the drainage tunnel according to the safety distance between the tunnel main tunnel and the drainage tunnel, the radius of a precipitation funnel and the construction requirement of no pressure or low pressure (less than 300kPa) of the tunnel main tunnel;
step S4, determining the arrangement position of the transverse branch tunnel: and calculating the maximum distance of the transverse branch holes which are excavated at low pressure along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel of the tunnel, and taking the maximum distance as the arrangement position of the transverse branch holes.
2. The design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes:
step S11, obtaining the predicted daily water inflow Q of the main tunnel1(ii) a Wherein the obtaining mode comprises directly obtaining according to the geological exploration report and according to a formula Q1One or more of F × M; wherein F is the catchment area of the tunnel passing through the supply area of the karst aquifer, and M is the groundwater runoff modulus;
step S12, according to the forecast daily water inflow Q1And conversion formula Q2＝Q186400, calculating the predicted flow of the drainage tunnel;
step S13, according to the formula
Obtaining the economic section size of the drainage tunnel; wherein Q is2In order to predict the flow rate of the drainage tunnel, b is the height and/or width of the drainage tunnel, n is the roughness of the wall of the drainage tunnel, and i is the bottom slope of the drainage tunnel;
and S14, obtaining the water passing section size according to the economic section size and the constructable section size of the drainage tunnel and the requirement of the drainage safety coefficient.
3. The design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes:
step S21, according to the formula
Obtaining the flow of the single central drainage ditch; wherein Q iscFor individual central drain drainage volumes, n1The roughness of the wall of the central drainage ditch, A is the area of the central drainage ditch, rho is the wet circumference of the central drainage ditch, i1Is a longitudinal slope of a main tunnel of the tunnel;
step S22, inversely calculating the designed drainage quantity of the transverse branch tunnel according to the sum of the drainage quantities of the central drainage ditches and the allowance coefficient of 1.5-3;
step S23, calculating formula according to the designed water discharge amount and section size
Obtaining the water passing section size of the transverse branch tunnel; wherein n is the roughness of the wall of the transverse branch hole, b is the height and/or width of the transverse branch hole, and i is the bottom slope of the transverse branch hole.
4. The design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 includes:
step S31, determining that the safety distance between the tunnel main hole and the drainage hole is larger than 1 time of the hole diameter of the tunnel main hole;
step S32, according to the formula
Calculating the effective radius of the precipitation funnel according to a formula
Calculating the position water head of the tunnel main tunnel and the drainage tunnel, so as to obtain the relative positions of the tunnel main tunnel and the drainage tunnel; wherein R is the influence radius of the drainage tunnel, S is the water level depression, and H isThe water head height, k is the water permeability, x is the distance between the main tunnel and the drainage tunnel, y is the water level depth corresponding to the position of the main tunnel, rwIs the radius of the sluicehole;
and step S33, determining the plane and the vertical position of the drainage tunnel according to the safe distance, the radius of the precipitation funnel and the maximum value of the relative position.
5. The design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes:
step S41, according to the formula
Calculating the reference radius of the rectangular section; wherein r is0To quote the radius, a is the tunnel system width and η is the coefficient related to b/a;
step S42, according to the curve equation of precipitation funnel
Calculating the position water head of the transverse branch tunnel; wherein x is the longitudinal distance from the branch tunnel, y is the water head depth of the corresponding position, H1The maximum water head of the main tunnel, delta h is the distance from the top of the main tunnel to the bottom of the branch tunnel, hfSafe construction water pressure is applied to the top of the middle tunnel during the construction of the main tunnel;
step S43, according to the formula D2 × (x + r)0) And calculating the maximum distance of the transverse branch holes which are excavated at low pressure along the longitudinal direction of the main tunnel of the tunnel, and taking the maximum distance as the arrangement position of the transverse branch holes.
6. The design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the spillway tunnel is disposed in parallel with the tunnel, the lateral branch tunnel is disposed perpendicular to the spillway tunnel, the preset safety distance is not less than 1.5 times of the excavated diameter of the main tunnel, the bottom of the spillway tunnel is lower than the trench bottom of the central drainage ditch, and the height difference between the bottom of the spillway tunnel and the arch top of the main tunnel is more than 10 m; the bottom of the transverse branch tunnel is 0.4-0.6m lower than the bottom of the drainage tunnel.
7. The design method for a drainage system of a main branch of a karst tunnel according to claim 6, wherein the cross-sectional shapes of the drainage cavern and the transverse branch comprise one or more of a rectangle, a circle, a straight-wall arc arch and a horseshoe.
8. The design method for the drainage system of the main branch line of the karst tunnel according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of water collecting pipes are communicated above the spillway tunnel so as to collect the groundwater near the spillway tunnel into the spillway tunnel.
9. A design method for a main branch drainage system of a karst tunnel according to claim 8, wherein a staircase is further provided between the transverse branch tunnel and the main tunnel to facilitate the repair and maintenance of workers.
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