CN112985997A - Cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device - Google Patents
Cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112985997A CN112985997A CN202110185225.9A CN202110185225A CN112985997A CN 112985997 A CN112985997 A CN 112985997A CN 202110185225 A CN202110185225 A CN 202110185225A CN 112985997 A CN112985997 A CN 112985997A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0044—Pneumatic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fatigue testing, and provides a conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue testing device which comprises an upper clamp, an upper clamp and a plurality of inner diameter positioning flaps, wherein the inner diameter positioning flaps are circumferentially distributed on the upper base in the circumferential direction; the lower clamp and the upper clamp are arranged oppositely and comprise a lower base and a plurality of outer diameter positioning flaps annularly distributed along the circumferential direction, the outer diameter positioning flaps are arranged on the lower base and can move inwards and outwards in a contracting and expanding manner, the inner walls of the outer diameter positioning flaps are used for being attached and clamped with the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and the lower base is used for being abutted against the end face of the large-diameter end; the driving device is coaxially connected with at least one of the two bases. The invention can test the fatigue test of different cone shell sample pieces and has the characteristics of high test accuracy, wide test range and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fatigue tests, in particular to a composite load fatigue test device for a conical shell sample.
Background
In the fields of aerospace, road traffic, rail traffic, and the like, structures such as a conical shell sample (referred to as a conical shell sample for short) shown in fig. 1 and reinforcing ribs 14 on the side wall thereof are often used as skin members. Due to the fact that the curvature, the radius and the wall thickness of the conical shell sample piece are different, the fatigue life is different individually, and therefore the problem of cracks distributed randomly in the skin member cannot be detected accurately. The fatigue detection method commonly used at present adopts a numerical simulation method to analyze and solve the crack problem, specifically adopts a sample piece to compare and correct a fatigue curve and deduces fatigue data of other different sample pieces, and the method is obviously inaccurate and has no universality.
In addition, the fatigue testing machines commonly used at present are a sample wafer sample machine and a cylindrical sample testing machine, and are mainly used for testing the fatigue of a cylindrical part or a shaft part, so that the accurate fatigue test of the conical shell sample piece cannot be realized. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a fatigue test device for conical shell sample pieces which can simultaneously satisfy different curvatures, radiuses, wall thicknesses and structures such as reinforcing ribs arranged on the side walls.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a composite load fatigue test device for a conical shell sample piece, which can meet the fatigue test of conical shell sample pieces with different curvatures, radiuses, wall thicknesses and structures of arranging reinforcing ribs on the side walls and the like, and has the characteristics of high test accuracy, wide test range and the like.
The invention provides a conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device, which comprises: the upper clamp comprises an upper base and a plurality of inner diameter positioning flaps circumferentially distributed along the circumferential direction, the inner diameter positioning flaps are arranged on the upper base and can move inwards and outwards in a shrinking and expanding manner, the outer walls of the inner diameter positioning flaps are used for being attached and clamped with the inner wall of the small-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and the upper base is used for being abutted against the end face of the small-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece; the lower clamp is arranged opposite to the upper clamp and comprises a lower base and a plurality of outer diameter positioning flaps circumferentially distributed along the circumferential direction, the outer diameter positioning flaps are arranged on the lower base and can perform inward contraction and outward expansion movement, the inner walls of the outer diameter positioning flaps are used for being attached and clamped with the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and the lower base is used for being abutted against the end face of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece; and the driving device is coaxially connected with at least one of the upper base and the lower base and is used for driving the corresponding clamp to axially reciprocate.
According to the cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device provided by the invention, the radian of the outer wall of the inner diameter positioning flap is the same as that of the inner wall of the small diameter end of the cone shell sample piece, and the radian of the inner wall of the outer diameter positioning flap is the same as that of the outer wall of the large diameter end of the cone shell sample piece.
The conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device further comprises a frame body, wherein a vertical rail is arranged on the frame body, and the upper base and the lower base which are identical in structure are arranged on the vertical rail.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, provided by the invention, the upper base and the lower base are provided with the inward-contracting and outward-expanding driving mechanisms.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, provided by the invention, the inner-contracting and outer-expanding driving mechanism comprises a limiting block, a lead screw and a nut, wherein a plurality of limiting track grooves distributed at intervals are formed in the upper base and the lower base, and the plurality of limiting track grooves extend outwards from the middle part of the corresponding base; the limiting blocks are arranged in the limiting track grooves, and the inner diameter positioning petals and the outer diameter positioning petals are respectively fixed on each limiting block on the corresponding base; the lead screw penetrates through the side face of the limiting block and is connected with the middle part of the corresponding base, and the nut is sleeved on the lead screw and fixed on the side face of the limiting block.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, provided by the invention, the outer walls of the upper base and the lower base are respectively provided with a support, the lead screw penetrates through the support of the corresponding base and is connected with the limiting block, the lead screw is sleeved with a first fastening piece, and the first fastening piece is positioned on the outer side of the support and is used for locking the lead screw.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, provided by the invention, the bottom of the limiting track groove is provided with a fixing hole for connecting with the frame body through a second fastener.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, provided by the invention, the upper base and the lower base are square, and the number of the limiting track grooves is four, and the four limiting track grooves respectively extend to four vertex angles from the middle part of the corresponding base.
The composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece further comprises an air bag, an air guide pipe and an air pump, wherein the air pump is connected with the air bag through the air guide pipe, and the air bag is used for being arranged inside or outside the conical shell sample piece and applying circumferential load to the conical shell sample piece.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, provided by the invention, the air bag is spherical or annular.
According to the composite load fatigue test device for the conical shell sample piece, the outer wall of the inner diameter positioning flap of the upper clamp is clamped with the inner wall of the small-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and the upper base of the upper clamp is abutted against the end face of the small-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece; clamping the inner wall of the outer diameter positioning flap of the lower clamp with the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and abutting the lower base of the lower clamp with the end face of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece to fasten the conical shell sample piece; axial reciprocating motion is realized through a driving device, and axial load is applied to the conical shell sample piece to carry out fatigue test; and through the internal contraction and external expansion movement of the internal diameter positioning valve and the external diameter positioning valve, the conical shell sample pieces with structures such as reinforcing ribs and the like on different curvatures, radiuses, wall thicknesses and side walls can be correspondingly matched and adjusted, and clamping is realized. Therefore, the invention can test different conical shell samples, has low requirement on the special shape of the conical shell samples, and has the characteristics of high test accuracy, wide test range and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cone shell sample of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite load fatigue test device for a conical shell sample provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an upper clamp provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an upper clamp provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a lower clamp provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a base provided by the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: an upper clamp; 101: an inner diameter positioning flap; 102: an upper base;
2: a lower clamp; 201: an outer diameter positioning flap; 202: a lower base;
3: a frame body; 301: a vertical rail; 302: a top plate; 303: a support platform;
4: a drive device; 5: an air duct; 6: an air bag;
701: limiting the track groove; 702: a support; 703: a lead screw mounting hole;
8: a limiting block; 9: a lead screw; 10: a nut;
11: a first fastener; 12: a fixing hole; 13: a central bore; 14: and (5) reinforcing ribs.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "middle", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
The invention is described with reference to fig. 2-6.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus for testing the composite load fatigue of the conical shell sample provided by the present invention mainly comprises: an upper clamp 1, a lower clamp 2 and a driving device 4.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the upper fixture 1 includes a base 102 and a plurality of internal diameter positioning petals 101, the internal diameter positioning petals 101 are circumferentially distributed on the base 102 along the circumference, the internal diameter positioning petals 101 can be according to different curvatures, radii, the conical shell sample pieces with reinforcing ribs and other structures on the wall thickness and the side wall are subjected to inward contraction and outward expansion movement, the size of the external diameter enclosed by the internal diameter positioning petals 101 is adjusted, so that the outer walls of the internal diameter positioning petals 101 can be clamped and positioned with the inner walls of the small diameter ends of different conical shell sample pieces, and the end face of the small diameter end of the conical shell sample piece is abutted to the upper base 102 for positioning.
It can be understood that the radian of the outer wall of the inner diameter positioning petal 101 of the upper clamp 1 is the same as the radian of the inner wall of the small diameter end of the cone shell sample, that is, the outer wall shape formed after the plurality of inner diameter positioning petals 101 of the upper clamp 1 are circumferentially distributed is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the small diameter end of the cone shell sample, so that the outer wall of the inner diameter positioning petal 101 can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the small diameter end of the cone shell sample to realize clamping.
Namely, the inner diameter positioning flap 101 is used for positioning the inner wall of the small-diameter end of the cone shell sample piece and can adapt to the inner diameters of the small-diameter ends of different cone shell sample pieces.
In addition, the inner diameter positioning petal 101 of the upper clamp 1 is of a thick-wall structure, and in the actual processing process, only a truncated cone body with a certain thickness needs to be cut into a plurality of blocks, so that the processing is convenient; meanwhile, the inner diameter positioning flap 101 of the upper clamp 1 is of a thick-wall structure, so that the fastening strength is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the lower fixture 2 is located below the upper fixture 1, and the lower fixture 2 is disposed opposite to the upper fixture 1, the lower fixture 2 includes a lower base 202 and a plurality of outer diameter positioning petals 201, the outer diameter positioning petals 201 are circumferentially distributed on the lower base 202, the outer diameter positioning petals 201 can move inward and outward according to conical shell samples with different curvatures, radii, wall thickness and side walls provided with reinforcing ribs, and the like, and the inner diameter of the conical shell sample surrounded by the outer diameter positioning petals 201 is adjusted, so that the inner walls of the outer diameter positioning petals 201 can be clamped and positioned with the outer walls of the large diameter ends of different conical shell samples, and the end faces of the large diameter ends of the conical shell samples are abutted to the lower base 202 for positioning.
It can be understood that the radian of the inner wall of the outer diameter positioning petal 201 of the lower clamp 2 of the invention is the same as the radian of the outer wall of the large diameter end of the cone shell sample piece, and can also be understood as follows: the inner wall shape that forms behind a plurality of external diameter location lamella 201 circumference ring cloth of lower fixture 2 matches with the outer wall shape of the big diameter end of awl shell appearance for the inner wall of a plurality of external diameter location lamella 201 can closely laminate with the outer wall of the big diameter end of awl shell appearance and realize the chucking.
Namely, the outer diameter positioning flap 201 is used for positioning the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the cone shell sample piece and can adapt to the outer diameters of the large-diameter ends of different cone shell sample pieces.
Further, in order to facilitate the machining of the outer diameter positioning petals 201 of the lower jig 2, the outer diameter positioning petals 201 are formed to have a thin-walled structure, but of course, the outer diameter positioning petals 201 may be formed to have a thick-walled structure similar to the inner diameter positioning petals 101 of the upper jig 1, thereby improving the fastening effect.
In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the large diameter end and the small diameter end of the cone shell-like member are described relatively, and there is no requirement for any specific value of the size.
The driving device 4 can be connected with the upper base 102 of the upper clamp 1 alone, can also be connected with the lower base 202 of the lower clamp 2 alone, and can also be connected with the upper base 102 and the lower base 202 simultaneously for driving the corresponding clamps to do up-and-down axial reciprocating motion, applying axial load to the conical shell sample piece and carrying out fatigue test.
The specific type of the driving device 4 of the present invention is not limited, and may be, for example, an electric cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an air cylinder.
In this embodiment, the axial load of the present invention mainly includes: when the driving device 4 applies low-frequency axial tension and compression, specifically axial tension and compression load, and when the driving device 4 applies relatively high-frequency axial tension and compression, specifically axial vibration load, composite load is formed.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through the inward contraction and outward expansion movement of the inner diameter positioning petals 101 and the outer diameter positioning petals 201, the conical shell sample pieces with different curvatures, radiuses and wall thicknesses can be correspondingly matched and adjusted, the structures of the inner wall and the outer wall of the conical shell sample pieces are not limited, and various structures to be researched can be added on the inner wall and the outer wall of the conical shell sample pieces, such as reinforcing ribs and the like, so that the detection can be realized without limitation. Therefore, the invention can test different conical shell samples, has low requirement on the special shape of the conical shell samples, and has the characteristics of high test accuracy, wide test range and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device further comprises a frame body 3, the frame body 3 comprises a top plate 302 and a supporting platform 303, the supporting platform 303 is located below the top plate 302, the supporting platform 303 is provided with a plurality of vertical rails 301, the top plate 302 is fixed at the upper ends of the vertical rails 301, the upper base 102 of the upper clamp 1 and the lower base 202 of the lower clamp 2 are respectively arranged on the vertical rails 301 and can reciprocate up and down on the vertical rails 301.
As shown in fig. 3-6, the upper base 102 and the lower base 202 have the same structure, and are both provided with an inner-contracting and outer-expanding driving mechanism, as an embodiment, the inner-contracting and outer-expanding driving mechanism mainly includes a limiting block 8 and a screw rod adjusting pair, wherein the upper base 102 and the lower base 202 are both provided with a plurality of limiting track grooves 701 distributed at intervals, and the plurality of limiting track grooves 701 extend outwards with the middle portions of the respective bases.
In this embodiment, the upper base 102 and the lower base 202 are square, and the number of the limiting track grooves 701 is four, and the middle portions of the respective bases extend to four top corners to form a symmetrical X-shaped structure. The upper base 102 and the lower base 202 may also be circular, and the number of the limiting track grooves 701 may also be other numbers, and the arrangement direction of the limiting track grooves 701 may be modified correspondingly according to the present invention, such as a symmetrically distributed cross structure.
All be equipped with stopper 8 in every spacing track groove 701, every internal diameter location lamella 101 of going up anchor clamps 1 corresponds and fixes on every stopper 8, and in the same way, every external diameter location lamella 201 of lower anchor clamps 2 corresponds and fixes on every stopper 8, and when fixed awl shell appearance piece, the stopper 8 of going up anchor clamps 1 and the stopper 8 of lower anchor clamps 2 also can fix a position two upper and lower terminal surfaces of awl shell appearance piece simultaneously, further improves axial load's transmission efficiency.
Every stopper 8 all is furnished with corresponding lead screw and adjusts vice, and the lead screw is adjusted vice including lead screw 9 and nut 10, and lead screw 9 runs through the side of stopper 8 and links to each other with the middle part of base, and on nut 10 covers located on lead screw 9 and be fixed in stopper 8's side, through the rotation of adjusting lead screw 9, drives nut 10's linear motion, and then realizes the outer motion that expands of the interior shrink of every location lamella.
As shown in fig. 6, screw mounting holes 703 are respectively formed in four side surfaces of the middle portions of the upper base 102 and the lower base 202, and corresponding screws 9 penetrate through the limiting blocks 8 to be connected with the corresponding screw mounting holes 703, so that the limiting blocks 8 are conveniently fixed on the corresponding bases, and each positioning flap is further fixed on the corresponding base; and the upper base 102 and the lower base 202 are provided with a central hole 13 for facilitating coaxial connection with the driving device 4.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the outer walls of the upper base 102 and the lower base 202 are respectively provided with a support 702, specifically, the four top corners of the two bases are respectively provided with the supports 702, the screw 9 penetrates through the corresponding supports 702 and the corresponding limit blocks 8 to be connected with the screw mounting hole 703, the screw 9 is sleeved with the first fastening piece 11, the first fastening piece 11 is located at the outer side of the support 702, when the fitting and clamping of each positioning flap and the conical shell sample piece are completed, the screw 9 is locked by the first fastening piece 11, and then the upper clamp 1 and the lower clamp 2 are respectively fastened with the clamping devices at the two ends of the conical shell sample piece.
The specific kind of the first fastening member 11 is not limited, and the first fastening member 11 of the present invention is a lock nut or a clamp.
As a further improvement, as shown in fig. 6, the bottom of the limiting track groove 701 is provided with a fixing hole 12, the upper clamp 1 is connected with the top plate 302 of the frame body 3 through a second fastening member, and the lower clamp 2 is connected with the supporting platform 303 of the frame body 3 through a second fastening member, after the fatigue test is completed, the upper clamp 1 and the lower clamp 2 can be fixed at the same time, or when one of the clamps is driven, so as to fix the other clamp.
The specific kind of the second fastening member is not limited, and the second fastening member of the present invention is a bolt.
According to the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, the fatigue test device for the composite load of the conical shell sample piece further comprises an air bag 6, an air duct 5 and an air pump. The airbag 6 is mainly used for being arranged inside or outside the conical shell sample piece, applying a circumferential load to the conical shell sample piece, and forming a composite load with the axial load.
The specific arrangement positions of the driving device and the air pump are not particularly limited, and the driving device and the air pump can be adaptively arranged according to the driving conditions of the upper clamp 1 and the lower clamp 2, as an alternative embodiment, when only the lower clamp 2 is driven, as shown in fig. 2, the driving device 4 and the air pump are arranged at the bottom of the supporting platform 303 of the frame body 3, specifically, the driving device 4 is coaxially connected with the lower base 202 of the lower clamp 2, so that the balance of the applied axial load is ensured, and the accuracy of the test is improved.
The gasbag 6 is used for setting up in the inside or the outside of awl shell appearance piece, and air duct 5 runs through lower base 202 of lower anchor clamps 2 and links to each other with gasbag 6, and the air pump links to each other with air duct 5 for provide atmospheric pressure for gasbag 6, and then adjust the circumferential load of applying.
The process of clamping the conical shell sample piece by the conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device mainly comprises the following steps: the process of fastening the upper clamp 1 by internal contraction and external expansion and the process of fastening the lower clamp 2 by internal contraction and external expansion.
The process of fastening the upper clamp 1 by inward contraction and outward expansion comprises the following steps: screw lead screw 9, drive stopper 8 through matched with nut 10 and move straightly in the spacing track groove 701 of last base 102, thereby adjust a plurality of internal diameter location lamella 101 of going up anchor clamps 1 and inwards shrink, make the outer wall of internal diameter location lamella 101 can wear into the little diameter end of awl shell appearance, screw lead screw 9 is twisted in reverse, drive a plurality of internal diameter location lamella 101 through nut 10 and outwards expand, the inner wall laminating chucking of the outer wall of a plurality of internal diameter location lamella 101 and the little diameter end of awl shell appearance, and during stopper 8 and the up end butt chucking of the little diameter end of awl shell appearance, fixed first fastener 11, with each part position of fixed anchor clamps 1.
The process of fastening the lower clamp 2 by internal contraction and external expansion comprises the following steps: through revolving wrong lead screw 9, drive matched with nut 10 with it, nut 10 drives stopper 8 and removes in the spacing track groove 701 of base 202 down, make a plurality of external diameter location lamella 201 of anchor clamps 2 outwards expand down, place awl shell appearance piece in external diameter location lamella 201, reverse revolving wrong lead screw 9 again, drive a plurality of external diameter location lamella 201 through nut 10 and inwards shrink, the outer wall laminating chucking of the inner wall of a plurality of external diameter location lamella 201 and the big diameter end of awl shell appearance piece, and during stopper 8 and the lower terminal surface butt chucking of the big diameter end of awl shell appearance piece, fixed first fastener 11, each part position with fixed anchor clamps 2 down.
The following describes the main working process of the conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device, including: after the power is switched on, the driving device 4 drives the lower clamp 2 to do vertical axial reciprocating motion through the vertical track 301 on the frame body 3, so that the purposes of axial loading, tension and compression loads and vibration loads are achieved. The air pump is connected with the air bag 6 through the air duct 5, the air bag 6 can be placed inside or outside the conical shell sample piece, when the air bag 6 is placed inside the conical shell sample piece, the air bag 6 can be spherical, the air duct 5 penetrates through the lower base 202 to be connected with the air bag 6, and the air duct 5 is connected with the air pump; when the air bag 6 is placed outside the conical shell sample piece, the air duct 5 is connected with the external air bag 6 from the side surface of the frame body 3, the air bag 6 is fixed on the outer wall of the conical shell sample piece for applying local circumferential load, or the air bag 6 can be changed into a ring shape and sleeved on the outer wall of the conical shell sample piece; further, since a plurality of air cells 6 may be provided inside and outside the cone-shell-like member, the shape and number of the air cells 6 of the present invention are not particularly limited, and they may be set according to the applied circumferential load.
Therefore, the conical thin-wall composite load fatigue test device realizes the axial and circumferential fatigue tests of conical shell samples with different curvatures, radiuses, wall thicknesses and structures of arranging reinforcing ribs on the side walls by introducing the upper clamp and the lower clamp which can be subjected to inner contraction and outer expansion, and has the characteristics of low requirement on the special shape of the conical shell samples, high test accuracy, wide test range and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a awl shell appearance piece combined load fatigue test device which characterized in that includes:
the upper clamp comprises an upper base and a plurality of inner diameter positioning flaps circumferentially distributed along the circumferential direction, the inner diameter positioning flaps are arranged on the upper base and can move inwards and outwards in a shrinking and expanding manner, the outer walls of the inner diameter positioning flaps are used for being attached and clamped with the inner wall of the small-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and the upper base is used for being abutted against the end face of the small-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece;
the lower clamp is arranged opposite to the upper clamp and comprises a lower base and a plurality of outer diameter positioning flaps circumferentially distributed along the circumferential direction, the outer diameter positioning flaps are arranged on the lower base and can perform inward contraction and outward expansion movement, the inner walls of the outer diameter positioning flaps are used for being attached and clamped with the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece, and the lower base is used for being abutted against the end face of the large-diameter end of the conical shell sample piece;
and the driving device is coaxially connected with at least one of the upper base and the lower base and is used for driving the corresponding clamp to axially reciprocate.
2. The cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 1, wherein the outer wall radian of the inner diameter positioning petal is the same as the inner wall radian of the small diameter end of the cone shell sample piece, and the inner wall radian of the outer diameter positioning petal is the same as the outer wall radian of the large diameter end of the cone shell sample piece.
3. The conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 1, further comprising a frame body, wherein a vertical rail is arranged on the frame body, and the upper base and the lower base are identical in structure and arranged on the vertical rail.
4. The cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 3, wherein the upper base and the lower base are provided with an inward-contracting and outward-expanding driving mechanism.
5. The cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device according to claim 4, wherein the inner-contracting and outer-expanding driving mechanism comprises a limiting block, a lead screw and a nut, the upper base and the lower base are respectively provided with a plurality of limiting track grooves distributed at intervals, and the plurality of limiting track grooves extend outwards from the middle part of the corresponding base; the limiting blocks are arranged in the limiting track grooves, and the inner diameter positioning petals and the outer diameter positioning petals are respectively fixed on each limiting block on the corresponding base; the lead screw penetrates through the side face of the limiting block and is connected with the middle part of the corresponding base, and the nut is sleeved on the lead screw and fixed on the side face of the limiting block.
6. The conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 5, wherein supports are arranged on the outer walls of the upper base and the lower base, the lead screw penetrates through the supports of the corresponding bases and is connected with the limiting block, a first fastening piece is sleeved on the lead screw, and the first fastening piece is located on the outer side of the support and used for locking the lead screw.
7. The cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 5, wherein the bottom of the limiting track groove is provided with a fixing hole for connecting with the frame body through a second fastener.
8. The cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 5, wherein the upper base and the lower base are square, and the number of the limiting track grooves is four, and the four limiting track grooves respectively extend from the middle part of the corresponding base to four vertex angles.
9. The conical shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising an air bag, an air guide tube and an air pump, wherein the air pump is connected with the air bag through the air guide tube, and the air bag is arranged inside or outside the conical shell sample piece and applies circumferential load to the conical shell sample piece.
10. The cone shell sample piece composite load fatigue test device of claim 9, wherein the air bag is spherical or annular.
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