CN112984160A - 一种深孔挡铁结构带锁止功能的溢流正比例减压电磁阀 - Google Patents
一种深孔挡铁结构带锁止功能的溢流正比例减压电磁阀 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,包括:轭铁,弹簧,薄膜,衔铁,垫片,轴承,顶杆,O形圈,阀座,出口滤网,安装阀体,球阀座,球阀体,钢球,阀体,线圈,挡铁和接插件。该深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,压力调节精度高,压力波动小,使用寿命长,抗污染能力好,制造工艺性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,尤其是用于车辆液压系统的精确压力控制的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀。
背景技术
正比例减压阀在车辆液压系统中大量使用,驱动快速动作的高压离合器是正比例减压电磁阀使用最多的应用场景。常见的正比例减压电磁阀一般多为滑阀型主阀结构,采用台阶轴式主阀或者活塞式主阀较为常见。还有溢流型的正比例减压阀,以及溢流型和滑阀组合的先导式正比例减压电磁阀。
中国专利申请号201320489551.X给出了一种溢流型正比例减压电磁阀的结构。其电磁阀的入口端必须配合一个小孔,该小孔的流道面积要小于阀体(该专利附图1中序号1)与阀芯(该专利附图中1序号1)在不同电信号驱动下形成的不同的溢流流道面积才能实现通过从回油口(该专利附图2中T口)溢流的流量大于从电磁阀入口端预设的小孔的流道面积,实现溢流减压。这样的电磁阀结构相对结构简单,易实施。但是溢流模式决定了再较高工作压力时,溢流流量会比较大,严重影响到液压系统的工作效率。另外,溢流式减压电磁阀容易出现输入信号引发电磁阀共振出现调压值严重偏离预定值从而导致电磁阀失效的问题。该结构的电磁阀不具备截止保护系统油路的作用,油路系统需要另外设置安全阀(电磁阀或定值减压卸荷阀)以对系统进行保护,系统油路较为复杂。
中国专利申请号200910024360.4的发明专利给出了典型的台阶式主阀的正比例减压电磁阀结构。其利用第一引压腔(该专利附图1中序号54)和第二引压腔(该专利附图1中序号59)形成的面积差作为液压反馈面积,从而实现出口压力连通到该第一引压腔(该专利中附图1中序号54)和第二引压腔(该专利中附图1中序号59),形成液压反馈力作用在阀芯(该专利附图1中序号6),再与电磁力平衡实现对出口压力的正比例调节功能。但是该结构主阀结构较为复杂,加工难度高,同时其电磁铁的结构也有一定不足,容易出现过度磨损电磁阀性能快速衰减的问题。该结构的电磁阀不具备截止保护系统油路的作用,油路系统需要另外设置安全阀(电磁阀或定值减压卸荷阀)以对系统进行保护,系统油路较为复杂。
综上,现有的正比例减压电磁阀存在着结构复杂,加工要求高,使用范围有限以及电磁阀寿命较短以及不能对油路系统进行截止保护等缺点。
发明内容
为了解决现有正比例减压电磁阀结构复杂,加工要求高,使用范围有限,电磁阀寿命较短以及不能对油路系统进行截止保护等缺点。本发明专利目的是提供结构简单,加工要求较低,使用范围宽,寿命长的一种挡铁与极靴一体的带锁止功能对系统油路进行保护的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀。
为实现本发明的技术目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:(详见权利要求书)
本发明专利所具有的优点:
1、本发明专利采用挡铁与极靴一体式的比例电磁铁结构,磁能利用率高,结构简单,电磁阀结构紧凑,体积小。
2、本发明专利采用挡铁极靴一体式的比例电磁铁结构,采用薄膜和衔铁组成摩擦副,摩擦系数小,电磁阀调压性能优良。
3、本发明专利采用挡铁与极靴一体式的比例电磁铁结构,采用薄膜和衔铁组成摩擦副,抗污染能力好。
4、本发明专利采用球阀限流加溢流的调压结构,能够对油路系统进行截止保护,使油路系统简化,提高了油路系统的安全性。
5、本发明专利采用顶杆、阀座、球阀座和钢球组成溢流阀结构,抗污染能力好,产品组装稳定,批量生产工艺性好。
6、本发明专利采用,衔铁与薄膜组成摩擦副,顶杆与轴承组成摩擦副,金属材质的顶杆、阀座、球阀座和钢球组成溢流阀结构,产品寿命长。
附图说明
图1为本发明专利一种挡铁与极靴一体的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀的结构原理图;
图2为本发明专利一种挡铁与极靴一体的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀工作时的油路即工作原理图。
其中附图标记为:1-轭铁,2-弹簧,3-薄膜,4-衔铁,5-垫片,6-
轴承,7-顶杆,7a-半圆形槽,7b-工作面,8-O形圈,9-阀座,9a-分液孔,9b-溢流孔,10-进口滤网,11-安装阀体,11a-出口滤网,11b-出口,11c-进口,12-球阀座,13-球阀体,13a-进油通道口,13b-出液孔,14-钢球,15-阀体,16-线圈,17-挡铁,17a-上锥面,17b-圆柱段,17c-下锥面,17d-磁断路器,18-接插件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
参阅附图1,本发明提供一种挡铁与极靴一体的带锁止功能的溢流型反比例减压电磁阀,由轭铁1,弹簧2,薄膜3,衔铁4,垫片5,轴承6,顶杆7,O形圈8,阀座9,进口滤网10,安装阀体11,球阀座12,球阀体13,钢球14,阀体15,线圈16,挡铁17和接插件18组成。
轭铁1为圆筒型,内部设置有连通的大孔和小孔,由软磁材料构成,套接在线圈16外圆柱面上,下端与阀体15铆接成一体。弹簧2为圆柱压缩弹簧,由金属构成,上端与轭铁1顶部的盲孔压紧,下部与衔铁4上部大孔压紧。薄膜3为薄壁圆筒形,由耐磨、耐高温塑料构成,放置于挡铁17内孔,套接在衔铁4圆柱面上。衔铁4为圆柱形,内设通孔,由软磁材料构成,可在薄膜3内往复滑动。衔铁4可在薄膜3内往复滑动,受电磁力和弹簧力的合力驱动顶杆7运动。
垫片5为圆环型薄片,由金属材料构成,放置于挡铁17底部大孔内。轴承6为圆柱形,内设通孔,由耐磨材料构成,安装于阀体15内孔。顶杆7为多段圆柱形,上端设置有垂直于圆柱径向的半圆形槽7a,中间设置有工作面7b,由金属材料构成,套接在轴承6内孔中。
O形圈8为环型,横截面为圆形,由耐高低温橡胶构成,套接在阀体15的外圆上。阀座9为圆柱形,内设连通的分液孔9a与溢流孔9b,由金属材料构成,上端与顶杆7上的工作面7b贴合,下端与球阀体13紧密连接,外圆紧密安装在阀体15内孔中。进口滤网10套接在安装阀体11上设置的进口11c处。
球阀体13与阀座9连接成一体,安装于阀体15内孔中。所述钢球14安装于球阀体13内孔中,且钢球可往复运动。所述阀体15上端大圆柱与轭铁1铆接,下端与安装阀体11可靠连接。所述线圈16安装于轭铁1内且套接在挡铁17外圆上,下部与阀体15紧贴。所述挡铁17套接在线圈16内孔中,上端与轭铁1贴紧,下端与阀体15贴紧。所述接插件18连接到线圈16上,安装于轭铁1端面上,根据接口需要,亦可安装于轭铁1外圆面上。
当入口压力过高时,钢球14被入口压力压紧在球阀体13上端孔的下部边缘,切断了由入口11c到出口11a以及到泄油口15a的油路,对电磁阀后续油路系统提供安全保护。
结合图2对本发明进行进一步描述。所述的一种挡铁与极靴一体的带锁止功能的溢流型反比例减压电磁阀工作时,挡铁17上的上锥面17a,圆柱段17b,下锥面17c以及大孔底部共同与衔铁4组成比例电磁铁中的磁分路器结构(即传统意义上的挡铁、极靴和衔铁结构),在线圈16接受输入电信号产生磁场后,比例电磁铁输出电磁吸力作用在衔铁4上并通过顶杆7作用在钢球14上。顶杆7与阀座9在阀座9上端面组成溢流阀工作。液体经安装阀体11上的进口11c输入到球阀体13内的进液孔13a后再进入球阀体13轴线的三段台阶孔中,经钢球14与球阀体13内孔的间隙流经球阀体13上端的小孔后,进入阀座9内分液孔9a,一部分液体流经球阀体13内的出液孔13b,进入安装阀体11下端孔内,经出口11b流出成为需要的驱动液体。另外一部分液体,经阀座9内的溢流孔9b流向顶杆7上的工作面7b,后流入阀体15内部的孔中,经阀体15上设置的回油口15a排出。
对本发明进行进一步说明。电磁阀不通电时,液体流经钢球14与球阀体13内孔的间隙流经球阀体13上端的小孔时,由于钢球14与球阀座12内孔的间隙而限流,钢球14由于和顶杆7接触,进口压力作用在钢球14上形成等效的球阀体13限流处入口压力作用在钢球14上的等效液压反馈面积,进口压力作用在等效液压反馈面积上形成方向向上的进口压力液压力。由于阀座9内的分液孔9a流道面积显著大于球阀体13上部小孔面积并且分液孔9a连通球阀体11上的出液孔11b(对后续油路敞开),分液孔9a内压力低于进口压力,该压力作用在顶杆上形成等效面积,形成向上的液压力,该液压力与进口压力液压力形成合力共同作用在顶杆7上,该合力大于弹簧2的弹簧力和电磁铁产生的电磁力的和,从而顶杆7和衔铁4向上运动,压缩弹簧2。顶杆7向上运动后,液体流入阀体15内孔并经回油口15a排出,从而分液孔9a内压力降低,导致向上的该液压力与进口压力液压力的合力小于向下弹簧的弹簧力和电磁铁产生的电磁吸力之和,衔铁4和顶杆7向下运动,顶杆7工作面7b与阀座9上端面距离减小,经溢流孔9b流向回油口15a的液体减少,分液孔9a内压力升高,重复前述往复运动,从而分液孔9a内压力达到一相对稳定的压力值,由于分液孔9a与安装阀体11上的出液孔11b以及安装阀体11内孔(即出口)相连并且无任何节流及限流,因此分液孔压力与安装阀体11内孔(即出口)压力相等,为。
电磁阀内运动件平衡方程为:
上式中,K为比例电磁铁系数,I为通过比例电磁铁的等效低的电流值。
从而得到:
当入口压力过高时,入口压力将钢球14压紧在阀座9上端第一个孔的下部边缘,切断入口13a和分液腔9之间油路,电磁阀入口13a油压不能到达出口11b,对出口11b之后的油路进行保护。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围内的情况下,在其他实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合于本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,由轭铁1,弹簧2,薄膜3,衔铁4,垫片5,轴承6,顶杆7,O形圈8,阀座9,进口滤网10,安装阀体11,球阀座12,球阀体13,钢球14,阀体15,线圈16,挡铁17和接插件18组成,其特征在于:
所述轭铁1为圆筒型,内部设置有连通的大孔和小孔,由软磁材料构成;
所述弹簧2为圆柱压缩弹簧,由金属材料构成;
所述薄膜3为薄壁圆筒形,由耐磨、耐高温塑料构成;
所述衔铁4为圆柱形,内设通孔,由软磁材料构成;
所述垫片5为圆环型薄片,由金属材料构成;
所述轴承6为圆柱形,内设通孔,由耐磨材料构成;
所述顶杆7为多段圆柱形,上端设置有垂直于圆柱径向的半圆形槽7a,中间设置有工作面7b,由金属材料构成;
所述O形圈8为环型,横截面为圆形,由耐高低温橡胶构成;
所述阀座9为圆柱形,内设连通的分液孔9a与溢流孔9b,由金属材料构成;
所述进口滤网10为圆环形,由金属材料和塑料构成;
所述安装阀体11为带沟槽的多段圆柱结构,内设短短圆柱孔,侧面设置有进口11c,端面设置有出口11b,端面塑封有出口滤网11a,除出口滤网11a以外的零件部分均由耐高温塑料构成;
所述球阀座12为多段圆柱结构,由金属材料构成;
所述球阀体13为多段圆柱形,圆柱中心设置有连通的三段台阶孔,径向设置有进油通道口13a,进油通道口13a与通过中心的3段台阶孔连通,沿轴线方向设置有2个偏心出液孔13b,出液孔13b贯通球阀座13,出液孔13b与三段台阶在阀体内不连通,由金属材料或塑料构成;
所述钢球14为球型,由金属材料构成;
所述阀体15为多段圆柱形,内设连通的小孔与大孔,径向设置有回油口15a,由软磁材料构成;
所述线圈16为圆柱形,内设通孔,由塑料和漆包线构成;
所述挡铁17为圆柱形,内设盲孔,盲孔底部有一小孔贯穿挡铁17,由软磁材料构成;
所述接插件18根据安装要求而确定形状,由塑料和金属材料构成;
所述轭铁1套接在线圈16外圆柱面上,下端与阀体15铆接成一体;
所述弹簧2上端与轭铁1顶部的盲孔压紧,下部与衔铁4上部大孔压紧;
所述薄膜3放置于挡铁17内孔,套接在衔铁4圆柱面上;
所述垫片5放置于挡铁17底部大孔内;
所述挡铁17上端与轭铁1贴合,下端与阀体15内孔贴合;
所述轴承6安装于阀体15内孔;
顶杆7套接在轴承6内孔中;
所述O形圈8套接在安装阀体15的外圆上;
所述阀座9上端与顶杆7上的工作面7b贴合,下端与球阀座10紧密连接,外圆紧密安装在阀体15内孔中;
所述进口滤网10套接在安装阀体11上设置的进口11c处;
所述安装阀体11可靠套接在阀体15上,且与球阀体13形成可靠密封;
所述球阀体13紧密安装于阀体15内孔中;
所述球阀体13与阀座9连接成一体,安装于阀体15内孔中;
所述钢球14安装于球阀体13内孔中,且钢球可往复运动;
所述阀体15上端大圆柱与轭铁1铆接,下端与安装阀体11可靠连接;
所述线圈16安装于轭铁1内且套接在挡铁17外圆上,下部与阀体15紧贴;
所述挡铁17套接在线圈16内孔中,上端与轭铁1贴紧,下端与阀体15贴紧;
所述接插件18连接到线圈16上,安装于轭铁1端面上,根据接口需要,亦可安装于轭铁1外圆面上。
2.根据权利要求1一种深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,其特征在于:挡铁17上的上锥面17a,圆柱段17b,下锥面17c,磁断路器17d和大孔底部共同与衔铁4组成比例电磁铁中的磁分路器结构(即传统意义上的挡铁、极靴和衔铁结构)。
3.根据权利要求1至2一种深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,其特征在于:所述衔铁4可在薄膜3内往复滑动,受电磁力和弹簧力的合力驱动顶杆7运动。
4.根据权利要求1至3一种深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,其特征在于:顶杆7与阀座9在阀座9上端面组成溢流阀工作。
5.根据权利要求1至4一种深孔挡铁结构的带锁止功能的溢流型正比例减压电磁阀,其特征在于:当入口压力过高时,钢球14被入口压力压紧在球阀座13上端孔的下部边缘,切断了由入口11c到出口11a以及到泄油口15a的油路,对电磁阀后续油路系统提供安全保护。
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