CN1129821C - Method and device for making three-dimensional lattice holograph - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and a device for making a three-dimensional lattice hologram. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, a central controller regulates the depth and the color for imaging and the transverse position of an imaging point on a holographic dry plate; the central controller also regulates an aperture stop so as to be matched with the hologram; then, exposure is carried out so that an object point is positioned in a set position, and an image point is obtained based on the set depth and the set color; the steps are repeated until all image points are obtained. The present invention can realize the real three-dimensional hologram and realize a virtual three-dimensional hologram.

Description

The method for making of three-dimensional lattice holograph and device

The present invention relates to a kind of method for making and device of three-dimensional lattice holograph.

Point array holographic (Dot Matrix Hologram) claims that again digital hologram (Digital Hologram) is the main plate-making technology of current holographic printing and packing, it is converged to two-beam a bit, form interference fringe, angle and the Space Angle with computer control two-beam incident angle changes the pointwise recorded hologram then.Like this, when the white light hologram,, just can see Gorgeous Colouring during eye-observation corresponding to the spacing and the direction difference of each point owing to its interference fringe, dynamic strong hologram plane image, its dynamic-form can be presetted by computer.Existing dot matrix holographic technique can not be realized 3-D display, although present state-of-the-art dot matrix hologram device can be combined into the binocular stereo picture with multichannel form with several width of cloth plane lattice images, but it is a kind of stereoscopic illusion, but not real three-dimensional imaging, its stereoeffect resolution and really degree are all far away less than the hologram three-dimensional imaging of real meaning.

In the holography evolution, the hologram three-dimensional imaging technique is the research focus of this subject always, and to realize white light holography, and promptly under white light, reproduce the hologram three-dimensional image, at first the problem that will solve is exactly how to eliminate the chromatic dispersion and the color blurring of the intrinsic picture that optical grating construction brought of hologram.For reflection hologram, its optical grating construction is the Volume Grating of index modulation, because Prague (Bragg) wavelength selectivity and angular selectivity that effect produced, during white light reconstruction, have only the light of the wavelength that satisfies Bragg condition and angle could diffraction imaging, thereby reflection hologram can be realized white light and show.More widely for the transmission hologram, realize that white light shows main two approach that rely on for present application: the one, image plane holographic figure promptly is imaged near the hologram plane.Like this, the color blurring of each picture point will be reduced to minimum degree, thus can see relatively clearly as; The 2nd, rainbow hologram, promptly in the hologram record process, add slit in vertical direction and come limiter light light field, to form during white light reconstruction from red to a series of slit images of orchid, human eye will be observed the clear 3D hologram imaging of respective color by the slit image of different colours.Rainbow hologram is a kind of plane hologram that can realize that three-dimensional white light shows, this hologram record is formed the relief type striped just can carry out batch duplicating by the electroformed mould compression technology on photoresist, the three-dimensional embossed hologram of seeing our today all is rainbow hologram theoretically.Obviously, image plane holographic figure can not have good 3-D effect, can only be near the imaging the holographic dry plate, if imaging away from hologram then as thickening.And rainbow holography can only be realized imaging in kind, and light path need be according to the material object adjustment, and can not create the virtual three-dimensional world.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome the above problems, and a kind of method for making and device of three-dimensional lattice holograph is provided, to realize the three-dimensional hologram of dummy object.

For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of method for making and device of three-dimensional lattice holograph, and the two belongs to same design.

The method for making of described three-dimensional lattice holograph may further comprise the steps: 1) position of imaging len is adjusted perpendicular to the direction of holographic dry plate in the edge, thereby is controlled to the degree of depth of picture, the i.e. distance of picture point and holographic dry plate H; 2) along be parallel to the holographic dry plate plane, perpendicular to the direction travelling slit of self slit, thereby the color of control picture point; 3) adjust aperture diaphragm, make it to be complementary with hologram; 4) position of lateral adjustments holographic dry plate H on plane, holographic dry plate place is to be adjusted to the lateral attitude of picture point on holographic dry plate; 5) expose, make object point the degree of depth and picture point of color acquisition on the position that sets, to set; 6) above-mentioned steps 1-5 is repeated in the position of change object point, obtains another picture point; 7) continue to repeat above-mentioned steps 1-5, up to obtaining all picture points.

The producing device of described three-dimensional lattice holograph comprises thing light, reference light, imaging len, slit, described thing light is successively through imaging len, slit is incident upon on the holographic dry plate, described reference light is hot spot that size is identical of place, thing light place projection on holographic dry plate also, it is characterized in that: described holographic dry plate is fixed on the two-dimentional grillage, described imaging len can be along the direction adjusting position perpendicular to the holographic dry plate plane, slit can be along being parallel to the holographic dry plate plane, direction adjusting position perpendicular to self slit, two dimension grillage T can regulate direction along the direction bidimensional that is parallel to the holographic dry plate plane, and their governor motion all links to each other with central control unit.

Owing to adopted above scheme, the present invention combines existing some array holographic and rainbow holography, use line hologram theoretical definition and control the degree of depth and the color of each point, make rainbow hologram by computer control pointwise exposure then, realize the white light holography 3-D display, compare with the general point array holographic, the hologram of made of the present invention is not the permutation and combination by different spaces angle and the formed optical grating point of spatial separation, but the some elementary hologram of a series of points with corresponding color and degree of depth or the stack of line hologram.Compare with existing rainbow holography, the present invention is its recording process digitizing pointwise record, thereby need not in kind and light path adjustment, as long as just can reach 3-D view, can also realize the inaccessiable effect of some classic method simultaneously, as the virtual three-dimensional world by computer design, landscape, personage etc.

Fig. 1 is the record synoptic diagram of an elementary hologram.

Fig. 2 is the white light reconstruction synoptic diagram of an elementary hologram.

Fig. 3 is the record synoptic diagram of line hologram.

Fig. 4 is the white light reconstruction synoptic diagram of line hologram.

Fig. 5 is a principle of the invention light path synoptic diagram.

Also the present invention is described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below by specific embodiment.

Fig. 1 is a general point elementary hologram record synoptic diagram, and it is Zo from the distance of holographic dry plate H that object point O is imaged as O ' by imaging len L, and reference light R is with incident angle θ _RRecorded hologram is owing to be subjected to imaging len L aperture D _LRestriction, it is D that hologram is recorded in diameter _HBorder circular areas in, D _HSize depend on lens opening D _LAnd picture point O ' apart from holographic dry plate H apart from Z _O, as O ' D during on the hologram plane _H=0.

Fig. 2 is the white light reconstruction synoptic diagram of general point elementary hologram, when the hologram as Fig. 1 record reproduces with white point light source C conjugation, near picture point O ', will form holographic images I, owing to be white light reconstruction, ruddiness has formed color blurring as Ir and blue streak as Ib in visible-range, can calculate according to principles of holography and holographic imaging formula $\mathrm{\Δ}{x}_i=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_o{Z}_0}{{\mathrm{\λ}}^2}\mathrm{tg}{\mathrm{\θ}}_R\mathrm{\Δ\λ}$ , λ in the formula ₀Optical wavelength during for recorded hologram, λ are playback light centre wavelength, and Δ λ is that wavelength of visible light changes.Δ X as can be seen _IBe proportional to Z ₀, if near picture point Δ X then holographic dry plate H _IVery little, human eye E just can see white relatively clearly picture point.The principle of Here it is common image plane holographic figure.But this can only be near the imaging the holographic dry plate, if imaging away from hologram then as thickening.

In order to make point that imaging clearly all be arranged, then must make an elementary hologram become the line hologram with slit restriction imaging beam in vertical direction away from the hologram plane.Fig. 3 is the recording beam path synoptic diagram of line hologram, and it is Z from the distance of holographic dry plate H that object point O is imaged as O ' by imaging len L ₀, reference light R is with incident angle θ _RRecorded hologram.Different with Fig. 1 is, and add a seam in the lens front wide for the slit S of W limits imaging beam, and making hologram be recorded in a width is W _HLength is D _HLong and narrow zone in, i.e. line hologram.By geometric relationship among the figure is that the wave optics theory can be calculated, line hologram width $W_H=\frac{Z_{O}W}{Z_O+Z_S}+\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_o{Z}_S}{W}$ , Z in the formula _SBe the distance of slit to hologram, λ _OBe the wavelength of record light wave, first is the geometric projection of slit on hologram, and second is the slit diffraction dwell portion.As can be seen $W=\mathrm{Wopt}={\left[\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_o{Z}_S(Z_S+Z_O)}{Z_O}\right]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ The time, W _HGet minimum value, W is greater than or less than W _OptThe time, all can cause W _HIncrease, color blurring increases and the resolution reduction in the corresponding rainbow holography imaging analysis of this difference, W _OptBe and consider resolution and color blurring, influence simultaneously reproduce as the time resulting best slit width.

Fig. 4 is the white light reconstruction synoptic diagram of line hologram, when the hologram as Fig. 3 record reproduces with white point light source C conjugation, will form holographic images I near picture point O ', is W because hologram only is recorded in width _HLong and narrow zone in, although in the visible-range ruddiness as Ir and blue streak as I _bFormed color blurring Δ X _IWith Z _OThe increase meeting very big, but during eye-observation, consider human eye pupil diameter D _EAnd line hologram width W _HTo the restriction of imaging beam, human eye can observed color blurring Δ Xi but much smaller than the fuzzy Δ X of picture itself _IThereby, can see sharply defined image, and human eye move up and down the color of time image can be by red to blue.Human eye can perception color blurring Δ Xi, with line hologram width W _HBetween relation can be expressed as follows: (a) if $W_H>\frac{Z_I{D}_E}{Z_I+Z_E}$ The time, then $\mathrm{\&Delta;Xi}=W_H+\frac{Z_I{W}_H}{Z_E}$ , (b) if $W_H<\frac{Z_I{Z}_E}{Z_I{Z}_E}$ The time, then $\mathrm{\&Delta;Xi}=\frac{Z_I{D}_E}{Z_E}$ , Z in the formula _IBe the distance of picture point I to hologram H, Z _EBe the distance of human eye E to hologram H.

Fig. 5 is a principle of the invention light path synoptic diagram, the producing device of this three-dimensional lattice holograph comprises thing light, reference light, imaging len L1, slit S, described thing light is successively through imaging len L1, slit S is incident upon on the holographic dry plate H, described reference light is hot spot that size is identical of place, thing light place projection on holographic dry plate H also, it is characterized in that: described holographic dry plate H is fixed on the two-dimentional grillage T, described imaging len L1 can be along the direction adjusting position perpendicular to holographic dry plate H plane, slit S can be along being parallel to holographic dry plate H plane, direction X adjusting position perpendicular to self slit, two dimension grillage T can regulate direction along the direction bidimensional that is parallel to holographic dry plate T plane, and their governor motion all links to each other with central control unit.Before the above imaging len L1 of light path, beam expanding lens SF1 is arranged.Described slit S can standard-sized sheet, also can be adjusted into a limited slit.Described thing light, reference light are to be formed respectively through shutter B, beam splitter BS beam splitting by the laser that a laser instrument is sent; Mirror M 1, M2 are arranged respectively on the light path of thing light and reference light.

Among the figure, perpendicular to the direction of holographic dry plate H be Z to, the both direction that is parallel to holographic dry plate be X, Y to, wherein Y is to being parallel to slit S.

The light beam B that laser instrument comes out is divided into thing light and reference light by shutter through beam splitter BS.Thing light forms a picture point O ' through mirror M 1, beam expanding lens SF1, imaging len L1 and slit S near holographic dry plate H.Reference light is by mirror M 2, beam expanding lens SF2, aperture diaphragm P1 and accurate lens L2 on holographic dry plate H, forms one with some elementary hologram or the big or small identical hot spot of line hologram of picture point O '.Two-beam interferes the back will form some elementary hologram or the line hologram of object point O on holographic dry plate H.To see the sharply defined image of object point O during white light reconstruction.Here the width of slit S has determined the type of hologram, slit S full open aperture then made be the image plane holographic figure of full parallax, slit S is a limited slit, what then make is rainbow hologram, moves up and down slit S and can change the color of reproducing picture.Holographic dry plate is placed on the two-dimentional grillage T.With shutter, imaging len L1, slit S, two-dimentional grillage T, and aperture diaphragm P is connected to computing machine and utilize computer programming to control automatically: 1, the open and close of shutter, time shutter and quiet time.2, thereby imaging len L1 is along the distance that moves control picture point O ' and holographic dry plate H of Z direction.3, slit S is along the moving of directions X, thereby control is reproduced as color.4, the increase and decrease of aperture diaphragm P make it to be complementary (promptly allowing the hot spot of reference light and picture point O ' overlap) with the line hologram.5, the X of two-dimentional grillage T, the motion of Y scanning direction.But so just pointwise exposure sweep record series of points elementary hologram, and the point of record has the corresponding degree of depth and color each time, stack just forms a complete three-dimensional hologram, every bit elementary hologram or line hologram will reproduce its clear picture point during white light reconstruction, thereby can be observed a complete three-dimensional picture.

Claims (9)

1, the method for making of three-dimensional lattice holograph is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: 1) along adjusting the position of imaging len (L1) perpendicular to the direction (Z) of holographic dry plate (H), thereby be controlled to the degree of depth of picture, i.e. the distance of picture point (O ') and holographic dry plate (H); 2) along be parallel to holographic dry plate (H) plane, perpendicular to direction (X) travelling slit (S) of self slit, thereby the color of control picture point (O '); 3) adjust aperture diaphragm (P), make it to be complementary with hologram; 4) position of lateral adjustments holographic dry plate (H) on plane, holographic dry plate place is to be adjusted to the lateral attitude of picture point on holographic dry plate; 5) expose, make object point (O) on the position that sets, obtain a picture point (O ') with the degree of depth that sets and color; 6) change the position of object point, repeat above-mentioned steps 1)-5), obtain another picture point (O '); 7) continue to repeat above-mentioned steps 1)-5), up to obtaining all picture points (O ').

2, the method for making of three-dimensional lattice holograph as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described object point (O) be by laser beam behind beam expanding lens (SF1), the luminous point that forms at the beam expanding lens place, it is a virtual object point.

3, the method for making of three-dimensional lattice holograph as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described slit (S) standard-sized sheet, and to manufacture the image plane holographic figure of full parallax.

4, the method for making of three-dimensional lattice holograph as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: described slit (S) is a limited slit, to manufacture rainbow hologram.

5, the producing device of three-dimensional lattice holograph, comprise thing light, reference light, imaging len (L1), slit (S), described thing light is successively through imaging len (L1), slit (S) is incident upon on the holographic dry plate (H), described reference light is also gone up hot spot that size is identical of place, thing light place projection at holographic dry plate (H), it is characterized in that: described holographic dry plate (H) is fixed on the two-dimentional grillage (T), described imaging len (L1) can be along the direction adjusting position perpendicular to holographic dry plate (H) plane, slit (S) can be along being parallel to holographic dry plate (H) plane, direction (X) adjusting position perpendicular to self slit, two dimension grillage (T) can be regulated direction along the direction bidimensional that is parallel to holographic dry plate (T) plane, and their governor motion all links to each other with central control unit.

6, the producing device of three-dimensional lattice holograph as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: beam expanding lens (SF1) arranged in that the above imaging len of light path (L1) is preceding.

7, as the producing device of claim 5 or 6 described three-dimensional lattice holographs, it is characterized in that: described slit (S) can standard-sized sheet, also can be adjusted into a limited slit.

8, as the producing device of claim 5 or 6 described three-dimensional lattice holographs, it is characterized in that: described thing light, reference light are to be formed respectively through shutter (B), beam splitter (BS) beam splitting by the laser that a laser instrument is sent; Catoptron (M1, M2) is arranged respectively on the light path of thing light and reference light.

9, the producing device of three-dimensional lattice holograph as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: described thing light, reference light are to be formed respectively through shutter (B), beam splitter (BS) beam splitting by the laser that a laser instrument is sent; Catoptron (M1, M2) is arranged respectively on the light path of thing light and reference light.

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