CN112981571A - Preparation method of polyester staple fiber oil absorption material - Google Patents
Preparation method of polyester staple fiber oil absorption material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112981571A CN112981571A CN202110170134.8A CN202110170134A CN112981571A CN 112981571 A CN112981571 A CN 112981571A CN 202110170134 A CN202110170134 A CN 202110170134A CN 112981571 A CN112981571 A CN 112981571A
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- oil absorption
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- fiber
- polyester
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/26—Formation of staple fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/06—Feeding liquid to the spinning head
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/096—Humidity control, or oiling, of filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G13/00—Mixing, e.g. blending, fibres; Mixing non-fibrous materials with fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polyester staple fiber oil absorption material, which comprises the following steps: step A: metering, mixing and forming the polyester melt, and B: cooling the melt, and performing step C: spinning assembly, step D: winding and falling the barrel, and step E: short fiber post-processing, step F: heat setting, step G: cutting off, after the polymer melt is sprayed out of the spinneret orifice at a temperature about 20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the polymer melt, the polymer melt is in contact with the surrounding medium due to radiation heat and heat conduction of the surrounding medium. The preparation method of the polyester short fiber oil absorption material is reasonable in arrangement, the polyester fiber raw material and the oil absorption raw material are conveniently mixed and melted, heat setting is carried out, the polyester short fiber oil absorption material is suitable for blending with the oil absorption cotton fiber, post-processing treatment is carried out to improve the internal structure of the fiber, improve the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber and increase the oil absorption characteristic, the polyester short fiber oil absorption material is hidden in a loose and porous structure, and oil leakage caused in the processing or transportation process is conveniently treated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to polyester fiber processing, in particular to a preparation method of a polyester short fiber oil absorption material.
Background
With the increasing of national economic level and the rapid development of industrialization, the processing, production, transportation, application and processing of various oils are expanding continuously, however, the oil will have various adverse phenomena such as leakage in the production, life and transportation processes, and the oils and their decomposition products will directly pollute the environment and human health. The oil pollution can generate serious consequences which can not be ignored, people have attracted great attention, and the prior method for treating leaked oil by using the oil absorption material is a scientific method, can absorb oil stains and keep the oil stains in gaps of an adsorption medium, can achieve the purposes of cleaning and removing the oil stains, can recover oil products, and is economic and environment-friendly.
Polyester fiber, commonly known as 'polyester', is a synthetic fiber obtained by spinning polyester formed by polycondensation of organic dibasic acid and dihydric alcohol, is called PET fiber for short, is the first major variety of the current synthetic fiber, has the greatest advantages of good crease resistance and shape retention, higher strength and elastic recovery capability, firmness and durability, crease resistance, no ironing and no hair sticking, and a plurality of lines need to be integrated in the preparation process of polyester staple fiber, and the polyester staple fiber falls into a filament containing barrel after being wetted and oiled; when the finished polyester staple fibers are collected through the processes of stretching, curling, heat setting, cutting and the like, personnel usually collect the finished polyester staple fibers through manual bundling.
However, in the prior art, the length of the polyester fiber is too long, the polyester fiber is not convenient to be uniformly mixed and fused with the oil absorption material, the oil absorption property of the oil reservoir cannot be increased, and the polyester fiber is difficult to be used for solving the problem of leaked oil stains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a polyester short fiber oil absorption material, which aims to solve the problems that the length of a single polyester fiber is too long, the polyester short fiber oil absorption material is inconvenient to uniformly mix and melt with the oil absorption material, the oil absorption property of an oil absorption reservoir cannot be increased, and the leaked oil stain is difficult to solve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a polyester staple fiber oil absorption material comprises the following steps:
step A: metering, mixing and forming a polyester melt;
a1. distributing and metering the melt raw materials; b1. extruding spinning silk; c1. cooling and forming the melt strip;
the melt spinning forming process of polyester is the process of quantitatively spraying polymer melt out of a spinneret orifice under certain pressure, cooling, solidifying and stressed deformation; after the polymer melt is sprayed out of a spinneret orifice at a temperature about 20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the polymer melt, the polymer melt is immediately contacted with surrounding media in a static mixer and begins to be cooled due to radiation heat and heat conduction of the surrounding media;
and B: cooling the melt;
an open type circular blowing device is adopted, the open type circular blowing device mainly comprises a trolley, a circular blowing cylinder and a movable air pipe, and spinneret orifices sprayed by spinning fine flows are cooled and formed in cooling air;
and C: a spinning assembly;
the main parts of the spinning assembly comprise a head sleeve, a supply plate, a splitter plate, a spinneret plate and a base ring, wherein the head sleeve of the assembly is the largest part in the assembly and mainly completes tasks such as preliminary distribution, filtration and the like, the supply plate mainly plays a role in preliminary distribution of melt, the splitter plate finally completes the functions of supply, distribution and uniform mixing of the melt, and the supply plate and the splitter plate are combined for use to provide the melt for the spinneret plate;
step D: winding and dropping the barrel;
the tows cooled and formed by spinning are wetted and oiled, and the process of bundling and falling into a barrel generally divides the winding and falling into the barrel: wetting and oiling the tows, bundling the guide wires, pulling and falling the barrel and traversing reciprocally;
step E: post-processing short fibers;
the winding silk is stretched to improve the order of molecular arrangement, so that the fiber obtains enough strength and proper elongation to adapt to various purposes;
step F: heat setting;
heating and shaping, adding oil absorbing cotton fiber in the heating process, heating and uniformly mixing, and then curling the fiber, namely curling the fiber by mechanical extrusion under the heating condition of hot water or water vapor so as to increase the cohesive force and the resultant yarn strength among the fibers, oiling the fiber to prevent static electricity and improve the spinnability;
step G: cutting off;
and (3) carrying out dry cutting, drying and shaping the curled wet tows, cutting, and beating the polyester staple fibers into a package with a certain weight after cutting.
Furthermore, in the step B, the gear metering pump of GX-GWMP model is adopted for melt spinning metering, the gear metering pump is made of cast steel, stable and repeatable flow can be ensured under the conditions of various viscosities, pressures and temperatures not higher than 200 ℃, the metering precision reaches 0.3%, and no pulse output exists.
Furthermore, in the step C, a POY spinning machine is adopted for spinning, the diameter of a screw is 25mm, the spinning speed is 3150m/min, and the specification is 75dtex/36 f.
Further, in the step D, the reciprocating traverse refers to a device which moves at a certain speed in both the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, the filament containing barrel is placed on the reciprocating device, and the filament bundles falling from the feeding wheel are uniformly and regularly laid in the filament containing barrel.
Furthermore, in the step E, the drawing process is divided into two-stage drawing, the first-stage drawing temperature is 70-90 ℃, the second-stage drawing is stabilized at 150-180 ℃, and the drawing and filament discharging speed is generally 140-180 m/min.
Further, in the step E, the stretching ratio: the spinning speed is 1000m/min, the total drawing multiple is about 4 times, the first section is controlled to be between 3.5 and 3.8, the second section is controlled to be between 1.2 and 1.4, and when the spinning multiple is increased, the drawing multiple is properly reduced.
Further, in the step G, the polyester staple fibers are suckedThe average fiber diameter of the oil material is not more than 7.0 μm, and the average saturated oil absorption magnification of the polyester staple fiber oil-absorbing material is 15.23 (g.g)﹣1) And the filament number of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material is less than 0.6dtex, and the mixing ratio of the polyester staple fiber raw material and the oil absorption raw material in the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material is 3: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fiber web of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material is composed of superfine staple fibers, the fibers are in a three-dimensional distribution state, the polyester staple fibers are mixed with oil absorption cotton fibers, and the oil absorption cotton fibers are buried in a loose and porous structure by utilizing capillary tubes for fine oil absorption, so that oil leakage caused in the processing or transportation process is conveniently treated, and the oil stain removal is quick, convenient and trouble-saving;
2. the open type circular blowing equipment used in the preparation process adopts the principle that cooling air with certain temperature and humidity is blown from a circular blowing fixed air duct, the cooling air is uniformly distributed through the open type circular blowing equipment, impurities in the air are filtered through non-woven fabrics and then uniformly blown onto tows, the equipment is low in energy consumption, uniform in style and stable in tow cooling;
3. the gear metering pump adopted by melt spinning metering is a critical part in the spinning process, and the accuracy and uniformity of the metering pump directly influence the quality of fibers, thereby being beneficial to improving the quality of integral spinning;
4. spinning, wetting and oiling are beneficial to increasing cohesive force among single fibers, so that bundling property can be increased, bundle loosening is prevented, meanwhile, smoothness of the bundle is increased, friction between fibers and metal and between the fibers is reduced, friction performance between the bundle and each metal roller of a winding machine is improved, fiber damage, breakage and roller winding are prevented, electrostatic interaction is eliminated, and fibers are prevented from being mutually repelled and loosened;
5. the fiber is stretched after being wound, the orderliness of molecular arrangement is improved, so that the fiber can obtain left strength and proper elongation to be suitable for various purposes, meanwhile, the fiber is subjected to heat setting to be suitable for blending with the oil absorbent cotton fiber, and the post-processing treatment is to improve the internal structure of the fiber and improve the physical and mechanical properties of the fiber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation view of a spin pack assembly constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the fiber arrangement of the oil-absorbing material with polyester staple fibers in the structure of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In a first embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of a polyester staple fiber oil absorption material comprises the following steps:
step A: metering, mixing and forming a polyester melt;
a1. distributing and metering the melt raw materials; b1. extruding spinning silk; c1. and cooling and forming the fuse wire strip.
The melt spinning process of polyester is that the polymer melt is quantitatively sprayed out of spinneret orifice under a certain pressure, cooled and solidified and deformed under stress. After the polymer melt is sprayed out of the spinneret orifice at a temperature of about 20 ℃ above its melting point, it immediately comes into contact with the surrounding medium in a static mixer and begins to cool due to the radiant heat and the heat conduction of the surrounding medium.
And B: cooling the melt;
an open type circular blowing device is adopted, the open type circular blowing device mainly comprises a trolley, a circular blowing cylinder and a movable air pipe, and spinneret orifices sprayed by spinning fine flows are cooled and formed in cooling air.
And C: a spinning assembly;
the main parts of the spinning assembly comprise a head sleeve, a supply plate, a splitter plate, a spinneret plate and a base ring, wherein the head sleeve of the assembly is the largest part in the assembly, and mainly completes tasks such as preliminary distribution and filtration, the supply plate mainly plays a role in preliminary distribution of melt, the splitter plate finally completes the functions of supply, distribution and uniform mixing of the melt, and the supply plate and the splitter plate are combined for use to provide the melt for the spinneret plate.
Step D: winding and dropping the barrel;
the tows cooled and formed by spinning are wetted and oiled, and the process of bundling and falling into a barrel generally divides the winding and falling into the barrel: wetting and oiling the tows, bundling the guide wires, pulling and falling the barrel and traversing reciprocally.
Step E: post-processing short fibers;
the winding silk is stretched to improve the orderliness of molecular arrangement, so that the fiber obtains enough strength and proper elongation to adapt to various purposes.
Step F: heat setting;
heating and shaping, adding oil absorbing cotton fiber in the heating process, heating and uniformly mixing, and then curling the fiber, namely curling the fiber by mechanical extrusion under the heating condition of hot water or water vapor so as to increase the cohesive force between the fibers and the strength of resultant yarn, oiling the fiber to prevent static electricity and improve the spinnability.
Step G: cutting off;
and (3) carrying out dry cutting, drying and shaping the curled wet tows, cutting, and beating the polyester staple fibers into a package with a certain weight after cutting.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a polyester staple fiber oil absorption material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step A: metering, mixing and forming a polyester melt;
a1. distributing and metering the melt raw materials; b1. extruding spinning silk; c1. cooling and forming the melt strip;
the melt spinning forming process of polyester is the process of quantitatively spraying polymer melt out of a spinneret orifice under certain pressure, cooling, solidifying and stressed deformation; after the polymer melt is sprayed out of a spinneret orifice at a temperature about 20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the polymer melt, the polymer melt is immediately contacted with surrounding media in a static mixer and begins to be cooled due to radiation heat and heat conduction of the surrounding media;
and B: cooling the melt;
an open type circular blowing device is adopted, the open type circular blowing device mainly comprises a trolley, a circular blowing cylinder and a movable air pipe, and spinneret orifices sprayed by spinning fine flows are cooled and formed in cooling air;
and C: a spinning assembly;
the main parts of the spinning assembly comprise a head sleeve, a supply plate, a splitter plate, a spinneret plate and a base ring, wherein the head sleeve of the assembly is the largest part in the assembly and mainly completes tasks such as preliminary distribution, filtration and the like, the supply plate mainly plays a role in preliminary distribution of melt, the splitter plate finally completes the functions of supply, distribution and uniform mixing of the melt, and the supply plate and the splitter plate are combined for use to provide the melt for the spinneret plate;
step D: winding and dropping the barrel;
the tows cooled and formed by spinning are wetted and oiled, and the process of bundling and falling into a barrel generally divides the winding and falling into the barrel: wetting and oiling the tows, bundling the guide wires, pulling and falling the barrel and traversing reciprocally;
step E: post-processing short fibers;
the winding silk is stretched to improve the order of molecular arrangement, so that the fiber obtains enough strength and proper elongation to adapt to various purposes;
step F: heat setting;
heating and shaping, adding oil absorbing cotton fiber in the heating process, heating and uniformly mixing, and then curling the fiber, namely curling the fiber by mechanical extrusion under the heating condition of hot water or water vapor so as to increase the cohesive force and the resultant yarn strength among the fibers, oiling the fiber to prevent static electricity and improve the spinnability;
step G: cutting off;
and (3) carrying out dry cutting, drying and shaping the curled wet tows, cutting, and beating the polyester staple fibers into a package with a certain weight after cutting.
2. The preparation method of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step B, the melt spinning metering adopts a gear metering pump with GX-GWMP model, the gear metering pump adopts cast steel, stable repeatable flow can be ensured under the conditions of various viscosities, pressures and temperatures not higher than 200 ℃, the metering precision reaches 0.3%, and no pulse output exists.
3. The preparation method of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step C, a POY spinning machine is adopted for spinning, the diameter of a screw is 25mm, the spinning speed is 3150m/min, and the specification is 75dtex/36 f.
4. The preparation method of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step D, the reciprocating transverse motion refers to a device which moves at a certain speed in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction at the same time, the silk containing barrel is placed on the reciprocating device, and the silk bundles falling from the feeding wheel are uniformly and regularly paved in the silk containing barrel.
5. The preparation method of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step E, the drawing process is divided into two-stage drawing, the first-stage drawing temperature is 70-90 ℃, the second-stage drawing is stabilized at 150-180 ℃, and the drawing and filament discharging speed is generally 180 m/min.
6. The preparation method of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step E, the spinning drawing speed is 1000m/min, the total drawing multiple is about 4 times, the first section is controlled to be between 3.5 and 3.8, the second section is controlled to be between 1.2 and 1.4, and when the spinning multiple is increased, the drawing multiple is properly reduced.
7. The preparation method of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step G, the average fiber diameter of the polyester short fiber oil absorption material is not more than 7.0 μm, and the average saturated oil absorption multiplying power of the polyester short fiber oil absorption material is 15.23 (g.g. -)1) And the filament number of the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material is less than 0.6dtex, and the mixing ratio of the polyester staple fiber raw material and the oil absorption raw material in the polyester staple fiber oil absorption material is 3: 1.
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| CN202110170134.8A CN112981571A (en) | 2021-02-05 | 2021-02-05 | Preparation method of polyester staple fiber oil absorption material |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |
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