CN112980487A - Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass - Google Patents
Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN112980487A CN112980487A CN202110210663.6A CN202110210663A CN112980487A CN 112980487 A CN112980487 A CN 112980487A CN 202110210663 A CN202110210663 A CN 202110210663A CN 112980487 A CN112980487 A CN 112980487A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
- C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/30—Aromatics
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. The invention provides a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, which comprises the following steps: performing first-stage catalytic pyrolysis on biomass, and condensing obtained pyrolysis gas to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis solid product; performing secondary catalytic pyrolysis on the first-stage pyrolysis solid product to obtain bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon; the temperature of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 350-450 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 600-700 ℃; the catalyst in the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis and the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is an HZSM-5 catalyst. In the invention, the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is favorable for removing oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups in the biomass, and the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is favorable for further promoting the deoxidation reaction and the cyclization reaction, so that the complexity of product components is reduced, and the content of aromatic substances in the obtained bio-oil is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pyrolysis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass.
Background
Biomass energy is a very important renewable energy source, biomass pyrolysis technology is a promising biomass utilization technology, and solid, liquid and gaseous products can be obtained by a thermochemical conversion method. The liquid product of biomass pyrolysis is bio-oil and has great potential for being used as fuel or extracting high value-added chemicals, but the bio-oil obtained by traditional single-stage pyrolysis generally has the defects of complex components, strong acidity, high oxygen content, high water content, lower aromatic hydrocarbon content, high viscosity and low heat value, and is very unfavorable for subsequent utilization.
In recent years, studies on improvement of bio-oil quality have been successively proposed, such as adjustment of pyrolysis temperature and time, adoption of catalytic pyrolysis or co-pyrolysis or the like, catalytic hydrogenation of bio-oil, bio-oil separation purification, catalytic cracking or the like (zhang. Due to the complex biomass pyrolysis reaction process, the complex components of the bio-oil and the like, the high-quality bio-oil cannot be obtained on a large scale at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, which can perform catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in a large scale, and the obtained bio-oil has a high aromatic hydrocarbon content.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, which comprises the following steps:
performing first-stage catalytic pyrolysis on biomass, and condensing obtained pyrolysis gas to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis solid product;
performing secondary catalytic pyrolysis on the first-stage solid pyrolysis product to obtain bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon;
the temperature of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 350-450 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 600-700 ℃; the catalyst in the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis and the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is an HZSM-5 catalyst.
Preferably, the mesh number of the biomass is 35-60 meshes.
Preferably, the biomass comprises lignocellulosic biomass.
Preferably, the lignocellulosic biomass comprises one or more of rice hulls, corn cobs, walnut shells, cotton stalks and wood chips.
Preferably, the time of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 3-5 min.
Preferably, the time of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 10-20 min.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the catalytic pyrolysis substrate in the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is more than or equal to 2: 1.
preferably, the first stage catalytic pyrolysis is carried out in the absence of oxygen.
Preferably, the first stage catalytic pyrolysis further comprises: drying the biomass; the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 6-12 hours.
The invention provides a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, which comprises the following steps: performing first-stage catalytic pyrolysis on biomass, and condensing obtained pyrolysis gas to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis solid product; performing secondary catalytic pyrolysis on the first-stage pyrolysis solid product to obtain bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon; the temperature of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 350-450 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 600-700 ℃. In the invention, the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is favorable for removing oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups in the biomass, and inhibiting the generation of furan, acid, aldehyde, phenol and nitrogen-containing products, and the second catalytic pyrolysis is favorable for further promoting the deoxidation reaction and cyclization reaction, thereby reducing the complexity of product components, greatly promoting the generation of aromatic hydrocarbon, and improving the content of aromatic hydrocarbon substances in the bio-oil obtained by the catalytic pyrolysis of the biomass. According to the invention, the content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the finally obtained bio-oil is improved by a two-stage pyrolysis coupling catalysis mode, so that the quality of the bio-oil is improved, and the bio-oil is favorable for being subsequently used as fuel or purified and utilized.
The test results of the examples show that in the bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon obtained by the method, the chromatographic content of the aromatic hydrocarbon is more than or equal to 70 percent, and the ratio of monocyclic and bicyclic light aromatic hydrocarbons in the aromatic hydrocarbon is more than or equal to 90 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a total ion gas chromatogram of bio-oils obtained in example 1 and comparative example, in which 1 is benzene, 2 is toluene, 3 is m-xylene, 4 is naphthalene, 5 is 1-methylnaphthalene, and 6 is 2, 7-dimethylnaphthalene;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the contents of bio-oil products obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, which comprises the following steps:
performing first-stage catalytic pyrolysis on biomass, and condensing obtained pyrolysis gas to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis solid product;
performing secondary catalytic pyrolysis on the first-stage pyrolysis solid product to obtain bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon;
the temperature of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 350-450 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 600-700 ℃; the catalyst in the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis and the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is an HZSM-5 catalyst.
In the present invention, the components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
According to the invention, biomass is subjected to first-stage catalytic pyrolysis, and the obtained pyrolysis gas is condensed to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis solid product.
In the present invention, the biomass preferably comprises lignocellulosic biomass. In the present invention, the lignocellulosic biomass preferably comprises one or more of rice hulls, corn cobs, walnut shells, cotton stalks and wood chips. In the invention, the mesh number of the biomass is preferably 35-60 meshes, and more preferably 40-55 meshes.
In the present invention, the catalyst in the first stage catalytic pyrolysis is preferably an HZSM-5 catalyst. In the present invention, the particle size of the catalyst in the first stage catalytic pyrolysis is preferably not more than 0.5 mm. In the invention, in the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the biomass is preferably not less than 2: 1, more preferably ≥ 2.5: 1. in the invention, the temperature of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 350-450 ℃, preferably 355-445 ℃, and more preferably 360-440 ℃; the time is preferably 3 to 5min, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5 min. In the present invention, the first stage catalytic pyrolysis is preferably carried out in the absence of oxygen. In the present invention, the oxygen-free condition is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere. Before the first catalytic pyrolysis, the cavity of the equipment for performing the first catalytic pyrolysis is preferably subjected to nitrogen oxygen removal. The nitrogen deoxygenation method is not particularly limited, and a nitrogen deoxygenation method known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
Before the first stage catalytic pyrolysis, the present invention preferably further comprises: drying the biomass. In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 105 ℃; the time is preferably 6 to 12 hours, and more preferably 7 to 11 hours. In the present invention, the drying apparatus is preferably an oven.
In the present invention, the apparatus for carrying out the first stage catalytic pyrolysis is preferably a tube furnace or a fixed bed heating apparatus. In the invention, carrier gas is introduced into the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis equipment. In the present invention, the carrier gas is preferably nitrogen. In the present invention, the flow rate of the carrier gas is preferably 0.3 to 0.5L/min, and more preferably 0.35 to 0.45L/min.
In the present invention, it is preferred that the biomass is fed to the pyrolysis zone of the apparatus for performing the first stage catalytic pyrolysis after the apparatus for performing the first stage catalytic pyrolysis reaches the temperature of the first stage catalytic pyrolysis.
The invention preferentially condenses the pyrolysis gas obtained by the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis product; the first stage pyrolysis products include first stage pyrolysis solid products, and also include first stage pyrolysis gaseous products and first stage pyrolysis liquid products. In the present invention, the temperature of the condensation is preferably 0 ℃ or less. The present invention is not particularly limited to the above-mentioned condensation, and the condensation known to those skilled in the art may be used. According to the invention, the removal of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups is promoted through the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis, and the oxygen content and the nitrogen content of the first-stage pyrolysis solid product are reduced.
After the first-stage pyrolysis solid product is obtained, the first-stage pyrolysis solid product is subjected to second-stage catalytic pyrolysis to obtain the bio-oil containing the aromatic hydrocarbon.
In the present invention, the catalyst in the second stage catalytic pyrolysis is preferably derived from the first stage pyrolysis solid product, i.e. the first stage pyrolysis solid product contains the catalyst. In the invention, the temperature of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 600-700 ℃, preferably 620-680 ℃, and more preferably 640-660 ℃; the time is preferably 10 to 20min, and more preferably 11 to 19 min.
The invention preferably condenses the gas product of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis to obtain the bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon. The present invention is not particularly limited to the above-mentioned condensation, and the condensation known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the invention, in the aromatic hydrocarbon-containing bio-oil, the aromatic hydrocarbon chromatographic content is more than or equal to 70 percent; in the invention, the ratio of monocyclic and bicyclic light aromatics in the bio-oil containing aromatics is more than or equal to 90%. The invention is beneficial to further promoting the deoxidation reaction and the cyclization reaction and the generation of aromatic hydrocarbon through the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis.
In the present invention, the first stage pyrolysis gas product is preferably used as a fuel gas or a dry biomass feedstock. In the present invention, the first stage liquid product is preferably subjected to extraction of the organic matter contained therein by fractional distillation.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbons by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Putting rice hulls (with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5mm) into an oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 6 hours, mixing 10g of the dried rice hulls with 20g of HZSM-5 catalyst (with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5mm), putting the mixture into a tubular furnace at 400 ℃ for first-stage catalytic pyrolysis for 5 minutes at the flow rate of 0.3L/min of nitrogen carrier gas, and condensing and collecting the first-stage pyrolysis liquid product to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis product, wherein the yield of the first-stage pyrolysis liquid product is 40.3%, and the yield of the first-stage pyrolysis solid product is 45.2%;
and placing the obtained first-stage pyrolysis solid product in a tube furnace at 650 ℃, performing second-stage catalytic pyrolysis for 15min, and condensing and collecting to obtain liquid bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon.
The composition of the obtained bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbons was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the bio-oil was determined to be 73.5%, and the ratio of monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aromatic hydrocarbons was 91.0%.
Example 2
Placing walnut shells (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.5mm) in an oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 12h, mixing 15g of the dried walnut shells with 30g of HZSM-5 catalyst (the grain diameter is less than or equal to 0.5mm), placing the mixture in a tube furnace at 450 ℃ for primary catalytic pyrolysis for 5min at the nitrogen carrier gas flow rate of 0.35L/min, and condensing and collecting the first-stage pyrolysis liquid product with the yield of 41.1% and the first-stage pyrolysis solid product with the yield of 46.4% in the obtained first-stage pyrolysis products;
and (3) placing the obtained first-stage solid pyrolysis product in a tube furnace at 650 ℃, performing second-stage catalytic pyrolysis for 10min, and condensing and collecting to obtain liquid bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon.
The composition of the obtained bio-oil containing the aromatic hydrocarbon is measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and the content of the aromatic hydrocarbon in the bio-oil is 80.2 percent and the ratio of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the aromatic hydrocarbon is 93.5 percent.
Example 3
Placing corncobs (the particle size is less than or equal to 0.5mm) in an oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 12h, mixing 10g of the dried corncobs with 20g of HZSM-5 catalyst (the particle size is less than or equal to 0.5mm), placing the mixture in a tubular furnace at 350 ℃ for first-stage catalytic pyrolysis for 5min at the nitrogen carrier gas flow rate of 0.3L/min, and condensing and collecting the first-stage pyrolysis liquid product to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis product with the yield of 43.6% and the yield of a first-stage pyrolysis solid product of 43.5%;
and placing the obtained first-stage pyrolysis solid product in a tube furnace at 650 ℃, performing second-stage catalytic pyrolysis for 20min, and condensing and collecting to obtain liquid bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon.
The composition of the obtained bio-oil containing the aromatic hydrocarbon is measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and the content of the aromatic hydrocarbon in the bio-oil is measured to be 70.6 percent, and the ratio of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the aromatic hydrocarbon is 92.3 percent.
Comparative example 1
Putting rice hulls (with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5mm) into an oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 6h, putting 10g of the dried rice hulls into a tube furnace at 650 ℃, carrying out pyrolysis for 20min at the flow rate of nitrogen carrier gas of 0.3L/min, and condensing and collecting to obtain liquid bio-oil with the yield of 56.7%.
The composition of the obtained bio-oil is measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the bio-oil is 1.2 percent, and the ratio of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the aromatic hydrocarbon is 100 percent.
Comparative example 2
Putting rice hulls (with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5mm) into an oven at 105 ℃ for drying for 6h, mixing 10g of dried rice hulls with 20g of HZSM-5 catalyst (with the grain diameter less than or equal to 0.5mm), putting the mixture into a tubular furnace at 650 ℃ for catalytic pyrolysis for 20min at the flow rate of nitrogen carrier gas of 0.3L/min, and condensing and collecting to obtain liquid bio-oil with the yield of 55.4%.
The composition of the obtained bio-oil is measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the bio-oil is 42.1 percent and the ratio of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon to bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the aromatic hydrocarbon is 90.6 percent.
Ion gas chromatography tests were performed on the first-stage pyrolysis liquid product in example 1, the aromatic hydrocarbon-containing bio-oil, and the bio-oil obtained in comparative examples 1 to 2, and the obtained total ion gas chromatogram is shown in fig. 1, 1 is benzene, 2 is toluene, 3 is m-xylene, 4 is naphthalene, 5 is 1-methylnaphthalene, and 6 is 2, 7-dimethylnaphthalene. As can be seen from FIG. 1, in comparative example 1, the single-stage pyrolysis bio-oil of rice husk has more chromatographic peaks, more products are detected, and the components are more complex; the complexity of the bio-oil subjected to single-stage catalytic pyrolysis in the comparative example 2 is reduced to a certain extent, and aromatic hydrocarbon is increased; the two-stage catalytic pyrolysis effect in example 1 is obviously better than the two results, the composition of the finally obtained bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon is simpler, and the content of aromatic hydrocarbon is greatly improved.
The content of each product of the bio-oil obtained in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 was tested, the test results are shown in table 1, and a schematic diagram of the content of each product of the bio-oil is shown in table 2 by using table 1.
TABLE 1 content (%)% of each type of bio-oil obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 2, the content of aromatic hydrocarbon in the second-stage bio-oil obtained by the method provided by the invention is remarkably improved, and the content of oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing products is remarkably reduced, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent utilization of the bio-oil.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by two-stage catalytic pyrolysis of biomass comprises the following steps:
performing first-stage catalytic pyrolysis on biomass, and condensing obtained pyrolysis gas to obtain a first-stage pyrolysis solid product;
performing secondary catalytic pyrolysis on the first-stage pyrolysis solid product to obtain bio-oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon;
the temperature of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 350-450 ℃, and the temperature of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 600-700 ℃; the catalyst in the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis and the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is an HZSM-5 catalyst.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomass has a mesh size of 35 to 60 mesh.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the biomass comprises lignocellulosic biomass.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises one or more of rice hulls, corn cobs, walnut shells, cotton stalks and wood chips.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time of the first-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 3-5 min.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the time of the second-stage catalytic pyrolysis is 10-20 min.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the catalyst to the catalytic pyrolysis substrate in the first stage of catalytic pyrolysis is not less than 2: 1.
8. the process of claim 1 or 7, wherein the first stage catalytic pyrolysis is conducted in the absence of oxygen.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to the first stage catalytic pyrolysis: drying the biomass; the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 6-12 hours.
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| US20190233751A1 (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-08-01 | Xyleco, Inc. | Processing biomass |
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| CN104073278A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-01 | 厦门大学 | Method for converting lignin into liquid fuel through adopting two-step method |
| KR101725178B1 (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-04-10 | 서울시립대학교 산학협력단 | Production of bio oil from lignin by two step catalysis pyrolysis |
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Application publication date: 20210618 |