CN112979730A - NMN extraction and purification method - Google Patents
NMN extraction and purification method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112979730A CN112979730A CN202110200990.3A CN202110200990A CN112979730A CN 112979730 A CN112979730 A CN 112979730A CN 202110200990 A CN202110200990 A CN 202110200990A CN 112979730 A CN112979730 A CN 112979730A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- nmn
- extraction
- content
- purification method
- mixed solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/048—Pyridine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a NMN extraction and purification method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing fruit and vegetable materials; (2) adding the powder obtained after crushing into alkali liquor, stirring and mixing uniformly, and adding a mixed solution of EDTA and sodium chloride for ultrasonic treatment; (3) after the ultrasound in the step (2) is finished, continuously adding a mixed solution containing CTAB, sulphobetaine and formic acid, and continuously performing ultrasound; (4) filtering the product obtained in the step (3) and collecting supernatant, and then sequentially adopting a protein membrane and a high-pressure desalting membrane for concentration and filtration; and (4) eluting the product obtained in the step (3) by using anion exchange resin, collecting the eluent, and concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the purified NMN. The invention can extract NMN with higher yield and purity through the optimized extraction process and extraction reagent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compound extraction, and particularly relates to an NMN extraction and purification method.
Background
Nmn (nicotinamide mononuleotide): the full name of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide is naturally-occurring bioactive nucleotide. The substances inherent in the human body are also rich in some fruits and vegetables. NMN is NAD in humans+The most direct precursor, which functions by NAD+Is shown. Aging of the skinThe decline in NAD during the process is thought to be a major cause of disease and disability, such as hearing and vision loss, cognitive and motor dysfunction, immune deficiency, arthritis due to autoimmune inflammatory response disorders, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, NMN supplementation increases in vivo NAD+And the content of the extract can be used for delaying, improving and preventing various phenotypes related to aging, or age-induced metabolic disorders, senile diseases and the like.
At present, the preparation method of NMN mainly includes the following three methods: 1. yeast fermentation; 2. a chemical synthesis method; 3. biocatalytic methods. Among them, the chemical synthesis method has disadvantages of high cost and chiral compound generation; NMN produced by a yeast fermentation method contains a certain organic solvent residue; although the biocatalysis method is a green, environment-friendly and pollution-free preparation method of NMN, the yield and purity of the NMN are reduced when the NMN prepared by the biocatalysis method is separated and purified. Therefore, it is desirable to provide an extraction method that can ensure NMN yield and purity.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the NMN extraction and purification method, which can effectively solve the problems of low extraction rate and purity in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
an NMN extraction and purification method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing fruit and vegetable materials;
(2) adding the powder obtained after crushing into alkali liquor, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding a mixed solution formed by EDTA and sodium chloride, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 200-600W for 10-20 min;
the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed solution is 1: 5-10; the content of EDTA in the mixed solution is 0.1-5 wt%, and the content of sodium chloride is 0.1-2 wt%;
(3) after the ultrasound in the step (2) is finished, continuously adding a mixed solution containing CTAB, sulfobetaine and formic acid, and performing ultrasound for 40-100 min at 600-800W and 60-80 ℃; the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed liquid is 1: 20-30 (unit is g/mL);
the CTAB content in the mixed solution is 0.05-1.5 wt%; the sulfobetaine content is 0.01-1 wt%; the content of formic acid is 0.5-1 wt%;
(4) filtering the product obtained in the step (3) and collecting supernatant, and then sequentially adopting a protein membrane and a high-pressure desalting membrane for concentration and filtration; and (4) eluting the product obtained in the step (3) by using anion exchange resin, collecting the eluent, and concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the purified NMN.
Further, the volume of the alkali liquor is 5-10 times of the weight of the powder.
Further, the alkali liquor is sodium hydroxide or ammonia water.
Further, the content of EDTA in the mixed solution was 1 wt%, and the content of sodium chloride was 1.5 wt%.
Further, the feed-to-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed solution was 1:22 (in g/mL).
Further, the CTAB content in the mixed solution is 1.5 wt%; sulfobetaine content 0.3 wt%; the formic acid content was 0.5% by weight.
Further, the sulfobetaine is lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine.
Further, the ultrasonic conditions in the step (3) are as follows: ultrasonic treatment at 800W and 60 deg.C for 80 min.
Further, the fruit and vegetable is avocado, green soy bean, cabbage, broccoli or tomato.
Furthermore, the molecular weight of the protein membrane is 30000-50000.
Further, the specific process of anion exchange resin elution is as follows:
and (3) loading the product obtained in the step (3) into a column, eluting by using an alcohol solvent with the volume fraction of 75-90% for 0.5-1 column volume, and then eluting by using a hydrogen chloride solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.005M, wherein the elution speed is 1-3 bv/h, and the elution volume is 2-3 column volumes.
Further, the anion exchange resin is 717 anion exchange resin.
Further, the alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the alkaline solution is adopted to treat the powder, so that the fruit and vegetable cells can be damaged in the ultrasonic environment, the components in the fruit and vegetable cells are dissolved out into the solution, and the alkaline environment can denature protein components in the cells, reduce the content of impurities possibly existing in a subsequent extraction product and facilitate the subsequent extraction.
2. The extraction is carried out by adopting the mixed solution of EDTA and sodium chloride, so that the extraction rate of the NMN obtained by extraction can be effectively ensured. EDTA can inhibit the activity of enzyme capable of degrading NMN in cells, and sodium chloride can separate NMN from polysaccharide components in the cells, so that the extraction rate and purity of NMN in the product are ensured.
3. The application adopts the mixed solution that CTAB, sulfobetaine and formic acid formed to be used for further extracting NMN, and CTAB can make NMN a large amount of enrichments under the condition of low ion concentration, the effectual extraction rate that has guaranteed NMN, and the amide molecule in the NMN has fine hydrophilicity, and NMN degrades easily when the temperature surpasses the room temperature. Therefore, by adding the zwitterion sulfobetaine as a carrier for bearing the NMN, the stability of the NMN at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ can be effectively ensured, the degradation amount of the NMN is reduced, and the extraction rate of the NMN is further ensured.
4. Formic acid is added into the mixed liquid in the step (3), and multiple experiments prove that after formic acid is added, the extraction rate can be ensured, the using amount of the mixed liquid in the step (3) can be effectively reduced, and the extraction cost can be greatly reduced.
5. Under the coordination of the mixed liquid in the step (3) and ultrasonic conditions of 600-800W, 60-80 ℃ and 40-100 min, the extraction rate of NMN in the product can be maximized.
6. According to the invention, the extracted product is treated by the protein membrane, the pressure desalination membrane and the anion resin, so that impurities in the extracted product can be effectively removed, and the purity of the prepared NMN is more than 99%.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1
An NMN extraction and purification method comprises the following steps:
a method for extracting NMN from fruits and vegetables comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing green soy beans;
(2) adding the powder obtained after crushing into ammonia water, stirring and mixing uniformly, then adding a mixed solution of EDTA and sodium chloride, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 200W for 10 min; wherein the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed solution is 1: 5; the content of EDTA in the mixed solution is 1 wt%, and the content of sodium chloride in the mixed solution is 1.5 wt%;
(3) after the ultrasound in the step (2) is finished, continuously adding a mixed solution containing CTAB, lauramide propyl hydroxy sulfobetaine and formic acid, and carrying out ultrasound for 80min at 800W and 60 ℃; wherein the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed liquid is 1: 22; CTAB content 1.5 wt%; sulfobetaine content 0.3 wt%; the formic acid content is 0.5 wt%;
(4) filtering the product obtained in the step (3) and collecting supernatant, and then sequentially adopting a protein membrane with the molecular weight of 45000 and an 8040 nanofiltration membrane to carry out concentration and filtration;
(5) and (3) loading the product obtained in the step (4) to a column, eluting 0.5 column volumes by using an ethanol solvent with the volume fraction of 75%, eluting by using a hydrogen chloride solution with the concentration of 0.002M, wherein the elution speed is 1.5bv/h, the elution volume is 3 column volumes, collecting the eluent, and concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the NMN with the purity of 99.8%.
Example 2
An NMN extraction and purification method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing green soy beans;
(2) adding the powder obtained after crushing into a sodium hydroxide solution, stirring and mixing uniformly, then adding a mixed solution of EDTA and sodium chloride, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 300W for 15 min; the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed solution is 1: 6; the EDTA content is 0.5 wt%, and the sodium chloride content is 2 wt%;
(3) after the ultrasound in the step (2) is finished, continuously adding a mixed solution containing CTAB, lauramide propyl hydroxy sulfobetaine and formic acid, and carrying out ultrasound for 60min at 600W and 80 ℃; wherein the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed liquid is 1: 20; CTAB content 0.3 wt%; sulfobetaine content 0.8 wt%; formic acid content 1 wt%;
(4) filtering the product obtained in the step (3) and collecting supernatant, and then sequentially adopting a protein membrane with molecular weight of 30000 and an 8040 nanofiltration membrane to carry out concentration filtration;
(5) and (3) loading the product obtained in the step (4) to a column, eluting 0.5 column volumes by using an ethanol solvent with the volume fraction of 80%, eluting by using a hydrogen chloride solution with the concentration of 0.001M, wherein the elution speed is 1bv/h, the elution volume is 2 column volumes, collecting the eluent, and concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the NMN with the purity of 99.2%.
Example 3
An NMN extraction and purification method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing green soy beans;
(2) adding the powder obtained after crushing into ammonia water, stirring and mixing uniformly, then adding a mixed solution of EDTA and sodium chloride, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 600W for 20 min; the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed solution is 1: 10; the EDTA content is 5 wt%, and the sodium chloride content is 2 wt%;
(3) after the ultrasound in the step (2) is finished, continuously adding a mixed solution containing CTAB, lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine and formic acid, and carrying out ultrasound for 60min at 600W and 75 ℃; wherein the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed liquid is 1: 30; CTAB content of 1 wt%; sulfobetaine content 0.1 wt%; formic acid content 1 wt%;
(4) filtering the product obtained in the step (3) and collecting supernatant, and then sequentially adopting a protein membrane with the molecular weight of 50000 and an 8040 nanofiltration membrane to carry out concentration filtration;
(5) and (3) loading the product obtained in the step (4) into a column, eluting 1 column volume by using an ethanol solvent with the volume fraction of 90%, eluting by using a hydrogen chloride solution with the concentration of 0.005M at the elution speed of 3bv/h and the elution volume of 3 column volumes, collecting the eluent, and concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the NMN with the purity of 99.6%.
Example 4
Step (3) was omitted as compared with example 1, and the rest was the same as example 1.
Example 5
Compared with the example 1, the formic acid is absent in the step (3), the feed-liquid ratio is 1:50, the protein membrane and the high-pressure desalting membrane are absent in the step (4), and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Example 6
Compared with the example 1, the ultrasonic conditions in the step (3) are 600W, 60 ℃ and 60min, the step (5) is omitted, and the rest is the same as the example 1.
Example 7
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that the CTAB and lauramidopropyl hydroxysultaine in step (3) were replaced with SDS, and the procedure was as in example 1.
Weighing 10g of green soy beans, respectively treating the green soy beans by the methods described in examples 1-7, and detecting the NMN content in the product by the method described in the literature, "determination of nicotinamide mononucleotide in vegetables and fruits by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry", wherein the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 NMN extraction yield and purity
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the product extracted by the method in the embodiments 1-3 has high NMN yield and purity, and the extraction and purification effects in the embodiment 1 are optimal due to certain differences of the ultrasonic conditions, the feed-liquid ratio, the use amounts of EDTA and sodium chloride and the purification process in the embodiments 1-3.
In example 4, because of the lack of EDTA, a great amount of NMN is degraded in the extraction process, the yield is low, but the purity of the finally prepared product is still high; in example 5, the feed-liquid ratio is increased, although the NMN yield is also increased, the cost is also increased due to the increase of the feed-liquid ratio, and after the feed-liquid ratio is increased, more impurities may be extracted, so that the purity of the final NMN is greatly affected, but after column chromatography purification is performed, the influence of impurities can be reduced as much as possible.
In example 6, the ultrasonic frequency is reduced, the ultrasonic time is reduced, the dissolution of impurities can be reduced, but the dissolution of effective components can be influenced, meanwhile, column chromatography is not performed, and the purity of the final product is low, while in example 7, because CTAB and lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine are replaced by SDS, compared with example 1, the extraction rate of NMN is greatly reduced, but the purity of NMN is not greatly different. Therefore, the technical scheme described in the application example 1 can be further used for extracting and obtaining NMN with higher yield and purity.
Claims (10)
1. A NMN extraction and purification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing fruit and vegetable materials;
(2) adding the powder obtained after crushing into alkali liquor, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding a mixed solution formed by EDTA and sodium chloride, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 200-600W for 10-20 min;
the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed solution is 1: 5-10; the content of EDTA in the mixed solution is 0.1-5 wt%, and the content of sodium chloride is 0.1-2 wt%;
(3) after the ultrasound in the step (2) is finished, continuously adding a mixed solution containing CTAB, sulfobetaine and formic acid, and performing ultrasound for 40-100 min at 600-800W and 60-80 ℃; the material-liquid ratio of the powder to the mixed liquid is 1: 20-30;
the CTAB content in the mixed solution is 0.05-1.5 wt%; the sulfobetaine content is 0.01-1 wt%; the content of formic acid is 0.5-1 wt%;
(4) filtering the product obtained in the step (3) and collecting supernatant, and then sequentially adopting a protein membrane and a high-pressure desalting membrane for concentration and filtration; and (4) eluting the product obtained in the step (3) by using anion exchange resin, collecting the eluent, and concentrating and crystallizing to obtain the purified NMN.
2. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the alkali solution is 5-10 times the weight of the powder.
3. The method for NMN extraction and purification according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lye is sodium hydroxide or ammonia.
4. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution has an EDTA content of 1 wt% and a sodium chloride content of 1.5 wt%.
5. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of powder to mixed liquor is 1: 22.
6. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein CTAB content in the mixed liquor is 1.5 wt%; sulfobetaine content 0.3 wt%; the formic acid content was 0.5% by weight.
7. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the sulfobetaine is lauramidopropyl hydroxysulfobetaine.
8. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the sonication in step (3) is: ultrasonic treatment at 800W and 60 deg.C for 80 min.
9. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the protein membrane has a molecular weight of 30000-50000.
10. The NMN extraction and purification method according to claim 1, wherein the anion exchange resin elution is performed by the following specific steps:
and (3) loading the product obtained in the step (3) into a column, eluting by using an alcohol solvent with the volume fraction of 75-90% for 0.5-1 column volume, and then eluting by using a hydrogen chloride solution with the concentration of 0.001-0.005M, wherein the elution speed is 1-3 bv/h, and the elution volume is 2-3 column volumes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110200990.3A CN112979730B (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | NMN extraction and purification method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110200990.3A CN112979730B (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | NMN extraction and purification method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112979730A true CN112979730A (en) | 2021-06-18 |
| CN112979730B CN112979730B (en) | 2022-08-23 |
Family
ID=76349572
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110200990.3A Active CN112979730B (en) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | NMN extraction and purification method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112979730B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114213486A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-22 | 浙江拓普药业股份有限公司 | Method for extracting and purifying nicotinamide mononucleotide from broccoli |
| CN115353537A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-18 | 深圳希吉亚生物技术有限公司 | NMNH purification process |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160333041A1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-11-17 | Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd | Method for purifying beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide |
| WO2018023205A1 (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2018-02-08 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | Purification method for nicotinamide mononucleotide |
-
2021
- 2021-02-23 CN CN202110200990.3A patent/CN112979730B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160333041A1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-11-17 | Bontac Bio-Engineering (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd | Method for purifying beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide |
| WO2018023205A1 (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2018-02-08 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | Purification method for nicotinamide mononucleotide |
| CN108026132A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2018-05-11 | 邦泰生物工程(深圳)有限公司 | A kind of purification process of nicotinamide mononucleotide |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114213486A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-22 | 浙江拓普药业股份有限公司 | Method for extracting and purifying nicotinamide mononucleotide from broccoli |
| CN115353537A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-18 | 深圳希吉亚生物技术有限公司 | NMNH purification process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112979730B (en) | 2022-08-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Mores et al. | Citric acid bioproduction and downstream processing: Status, opportunities, and challenges | |
| CN112979730B (en) | NMN extraction and purification method | |
| CN110684128B (en) | Method for extracting and refining polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide | |
| CN111072449B (en) | A method for preparing natural ferulic acid from nigre containing oryzanol | |
| CN111944866B (en) | Method for preparing small molecular collagen peptide of yak leather by continuous rotary steaming desolventizing double enzymolysis | |
| CN112961199B (en) | Method for extracting NMN from fruits and vegetables | |
| CN115260335B (en) | Method and system for simultaneously extracting rosa roxburghii polysaccharide, rosa roxburghii polyphenol, rosa roxburghii SOD and Vc from rosa roxburghii residues | |
| CN107299094B (en) | Combined extraction method of gastrodin and pepsin | |
| CN108486206B (en) | Purple sweet potato anthocyanin synthesis and extraction method | |
| CN111187328B (en) | Method for preparing mogrol | |
| CN112125948B (en) | Method for synchronously extracting plant polyphenol and plant protein from plant leaves and preparing plant protein hydrolysis peptide | |
| CN114478530A (en) | Method for extracting high-content theobromine from cocoa beans | |
| CN110484577B (en) | Method for extracting and preparing mannose from dragon fruit stems | |
| CN109180700B (en) | Method for extracting biotin from sea buckthorn and biotin obtained by method | |
| CN113462731A (en) | Preparation method of micromolecule pectin | |
| CN112624934A (en) | Method for extracting natural betaine from beet molasses | |
| JP2004519251A (en) | Method for recovering pinitol or chiroinositol from soybean processing by-products in high yield | |
| CN111978366A (en) | Method for extracting dioscin from fenugreek | |
| CN112316484A (en) | Method for extracting camellia oleifera polyphenol from tea oil | |
| CN107417750B (en) | Method for extracting cyclic adenosine monophosphate from microbial fermentation liquid | |
| KR100753982B1 (en) | Method of recovering pinitol in high yield from carob syrup | |
| CN110092729B (en) | Crystallization method of L-lysine hydrochloride | |
| CN115490588B (en) | Method for separating various unsaturated fatty acids from torreya seed oil | |
| CN114106036A (en) | Separation and extraction method of L-alpha-glycerophosphatidylcholine | |
| CN102219804B (en) | Supercritical preparation method of phytic acid |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |