CN112977782A - Pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system - Google Patents
Pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112977782A CN112977782A CN202110326953.7A CN202110326953A CN112977782A CN 112977782 A CN112977782 A CN 112977782A CN 202110326953 A CN202110326953 A CN 202110326953A CN 112977782 A CN112977782 A CN 112977782A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
- B63H21/383—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like for handling cooling-water
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving ship cooling water system based on a pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange technology, which belongs to the technical field of heat exchange.A unidirectional check valve and a diaphragm electromagnetic valve are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline according to the water flow direction in a first pulsation generating device to form a pulsation generating branch, a flow regulating valve is arranged in a flow regulating branch, and the pulsation generating branch is connected in parallel with the flow regulating branch; the diaphragm electromagnetic valve and the one-way check valve are connected with a gas diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator through a three-way piece, a time relay controls the on-off of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve, and the first pulsation generating device is connected between the high-temperature fresh water circulating pump and the main engine cylinder liner cooler in series. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling system is effectively improved, the pulsating flow strengthening device can effectively control the frequency and the duty ratio, can complete the pulsating strengthening work without an external power supply device and does not additionally consume energy; the strengthening effect is better than that of a strengthening device driven by a transmission motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving heat exchange, and relates to a heat exchange enhancement device of a ship cooling water system, in particular to a device for forced convection heat exchange of a heat exchanger with an enhanced plate type and a water cooling cavity of a cylinder sleeve of a diesel engine and a working mode thereof.
Background
The cooling water system of the ship is an important component of a power device of the ship and plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the normal navigation of the ship and the normal operation of each device. Related research is mainly focused on improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange equipment of the cooling system, so as to reduce the energy consumption for driving the cooling medium to circulate.
According to the invention patent with the patent number of 202010986752.5, a temperature difference power generation device is arranged between the cold end and the hot end of the plate heat exchanger to convert part of temperature difference into electric energy, so that the energy consumption of the whole cooling system is reduced to a certain extent. However, the addition of the thermoelectric power generation device in the cooling system increases the system cost, and the practical application is difficult to popularize.
The utility model discloses a patent 201922115535.4's utility model patent has improved the mixture of coolant through the ripple form of the heat transfer slab of improvement plate heat exchanger to strengthen the heat transfer effect. However, the corrugated form of the plate heat exchanger widely applied in the market at present is a result of comprehensively considering flow resistance and heat exchange efficiency, and the complicated corrugated form can cause the increase of the flow resistance inside the heat exchanger, and on the contrary, the energy consumption is increased to a certain extent.
The invention patent with the patent number of 202010185780.7 discloses a heat exchange enhancing device for cooling water of a cylinder sleeve of a marine diesel engine, wherein a pulsation generating device is arranged in a water cooling loop of the cylinder sleeve of the diesel engine of a marine cooling system, the heat exchange efficiency of related heat exchange components is improved through flow pulsation, and the pulsation generating device is realized by a valve which is controlled by a motor and is opened and closed in a reciprocating manner. However, the pulsation generating device has a relatively complex structure, the long-term operation reliability of the pulsation of the flow controlled by the rotation of the motor is not high, and the pulsation frequency and the duty ratio cannot be adjusted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a pulse generating device suitable for a ship cooling water system according to the principle of forced convection heat transfer enhanced by pulse flow.
The invention provides a pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system which comprises a host, wherein a host cylinder liner cooling water outlet and a host cylinder liner cooling water inlet are arranged on the host and are respectively used for feeding and discharging cooling water; the low-temperature fresh water loop is formed by sequentially connecting a main engine cylinder sleeve cooler, a central cooler, a low-temperature fresh water pump and the main engine cylinder sleeve cooler in series, the central cooler is also connected with a seawater loop, the seawater pump pumps seawater into the central cooler for cooling the central cooler, and the seawater exchanges heat with the central cooler and is discharged through a seawater discharge board;
the first pulse generation device comprises a time relay, a diaphragm electromagnetic valve, a gas diaphragm type hydraulic energy accumulator, a one-way check valve and a flow regulating valve, wherein the one-way check valve and the diaphragm electromagnetic valve are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline in the water flow direction to form a pulse generation branch, the flow regulating valve is installed on a flow regulation branch, and the pulse generation branch is connected with the flow regulation branch in parallel; the diaphragm electromagnetic valve and the one-way check valve are connected with a gas diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator through a three-way piece, a time relay controls the on-off of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve, and the first pulsation generating device is connected between the high-temperature fresh water circulating pump and the main engine cylinder liner cooler in series.
Preferably, the seawater desalination device further comprises a second pulsation generating device which is identical to the first pulsation generating device in structure and is connected in series between the seawater pump and the central cooler.
Preferably, the first pulse generating device is arranged close to the main engine cylinder liner cooler to achieve the best cooling effect, and the second pulse generating device is arranged close to the central cooler as much as possible to achieve the best cooling effect.
Preferably, the system also comprises a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve, a bypass pipeline connected with the first three-way valve can short-circuit the main engine cylinder liner cooler, and a bypass pipeline connected with the second three-way valve can short-circuit the central cooler.
Preferably, the time relay may set two time parameters to respectively control the on-time and the off-time of the coil of the diaphragm solenoid valve and the dc power supply, so as to control the on-time and the off-time of the diaphragm solenoid valve, that is, the on-time and the off-time of the pulsation generating branch.
Preferably, the first pulsation generating means has a pulsation frequency of 1Hz and a duty ratio of 0.5.
Preferably, the one-way check valve is one-way communicated from upstream to downstream in the flow direction of the cooling medium in the cooling circuit.
Preferably, the axis of the flow regulating branch is consistent with the axis of the pipeline of the cooling circuit connected with the flow regulating branch, and the pulsation generating branch is connected with the flow regulating branch through an elbow.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the pulsating flow strengthening device can effectively control the frequency and the duty ratio, can complete the pulsating strengthening work without an external power supply device and can not additionally consume energy; the strengthening effect is better than that of a strengthening device driven by a transmission motor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction principle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation of the pulse generator outlet mass flow with time, with the duty ratio set to 0.5 and the frequency of the pulse generator set to 1 Hz;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the intensified heat transfer ratio and Reynolds number at different pulsation frequencies;
FIG. 4 is a graph of enhanced heat transfer ratio versus pulsation frequency for different Reynolds numbers.
Wherein: 1-one-way check valve, 2-gas diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator, 3-diaphragm electromagnetic valve, 4-time relay, 5-first pulsation generator, 6-main engine cylinder liner cooler, 7-first three-way valve, 8-main engine cylinder liner cooling water outlet, 9-main engine cylinder liner cooling water inlet, 10-second three-way valve, 11-main engine, 12-low temperature fresh water pump, 13-second pulsation generator, 14-high sea water tank, 15-sea water loop, 16-sea water pump, 17-low sea water tank, 18-central cooler, 19-sea water outlet, 20-low temperature fresh water loop, 21-flow regulating valve, 22-flow regulating branch, 23-high temperature fresh water circulating pump, 24-high temperature fresh water loop, 25-pulsation generating branch.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the pulsating flow heat exchange enhanced ship cooling water system comprises a main engine 11, a main engine cylinder liner cooling water outlet 8 and a main engine cylinder liner cooling water inlet 9 are arranged on the main engine 11 and are respectively used for inlet and outlet of cooling water, a high-temperature water loop 24 sequentially connects the main engine cylinder liner cooling water outlet 8, a high-temperature fresh water circulating pump 23, a main engine cylinder liner cooler 6, a first three-way valve 7 and the main engine cylinder liner cooling water inlet 9, and a bypass pipeline connected to the first three-way valve 7 can short-circuit the main engine cylinder liner cooler 6; the low-temperature fresh water loop 20 connects the main engine cylinder liner cooler 6, the central cooler 18, the second three-way valve 10, the low-temperature fresh water pump 12 and the main engine cylinder liner cooler 6 in series in sequence to form a loop, and a bypass pipeline connected to the second three-way valve 10 can short circuit the central cooler 18; the central cooler 18 is also connected with a seawater loop 15, a seawater pump 16 pumps seawater into the central cooler 18 for cooling the central cooler 18, and the seawater exchanges heat with the central cooler 18 and is discharged out of the ship.
The high-temperature fresh water circuit 24 and the seawater circuit 15 are respectively provided with the first pulsation generating device 5 and the second pulsation generating device 13, which have the same structure and the same operating principle, and the structure of the first pulsation generating device 5 will be described below. First pulsation generating device 5 includes time relay 4, diaphragm solenoid valve 3, gaseous diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator 2, one-way check valve 1 and flow control valve 21, diaphragm solenoid valve 3 establishes ties with one-way check valve 1 and constitutes pulsation emergence branch road 25, and flow control valve 21 installs in flow control branch road 22, pulsation emergence branch road 25 is parallelly connected with flow control branch road 22, it is connected with gaseous diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator 2 through the tee bend to set up between diaphragm solenoid valve 3 and the one-way check valve 1, and time relay 4 control diaphragm solenoid valve 3's switch, first pulsation generating device 5 establishes ties between high temperature fresh water circulating pump 23 and host computer cylinder liner cooler 6, and it is close to host computer cylinder liner cooler 6 as far as possible to reinforcing pulsation heat transfer effect.
The second pulsation generating device 13 is connected in series between the sea water pump 16 and the sea water pump into the central cooler 18, and the second pulsation generating device 13 is as close as possible to the central cooler 18 to enhance the heat exchange effect.
The pulsation generating branch 25 of the first pulsation generating device 5 is provided with a diaphragm electromagnetic valve 3, a gas diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator 2 and a one-way check valve 1 in sequence from upstream to downstream according to the direction of cooling circulation in the high-temperature fresh water circuit 32, and the one-way check valve 1 only allows the conduction in the cooling circuit in the direction consistent with the cooling circulation. The coil of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve 3 is connected with the time relay 4, the time relay 4 can set two time parameters, and the coil of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve 3 and the conduction time and the disconnection time of the 24V direct current power supply are respectively controlled, so that the opening and closing time of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve 3, namely the conduction and the disconnection time of the pulsation generating branch 25, is controlled. The frequency and the duty cycle of the outlet pulsating flow of the first pulsation generating means 5 can thus be controlled by setting the time parameters of the time relay 4.
A large number of experimental researches and theoretical researches show that the pulsating flow with periodically changed flow can improve the heat exchange efficiency of forced convection heat exchange in a certain frequency range, particularly under the condition of changing the cross section of a flow channel. For the plate heat exchanger, the change of the section of the internal runner is obvious, and a specific pulsation frequency range exists for a specific flow state, so that the mixing of cold and hot fluid in forced convection heat exchange is facilitated to be improved, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Research on the pulsating source shows that the optimal pressure waveform provided by the forced pulsating source should be similar to a sawtooth shape, and a shorter pressure rising section and a longer pressure attenuation section are arranged in one period, wherein the shorter pressure rising section is beneficial to enhancing the disturbance on the boundary layer, and the longer pressure attenuation section is beneficial to more fully mixing cold and hot fluids.
The pulsating flow with specific frequency and waveform generated by the pulsation generating device enters the cooler, so that the heat exchange efficiency of forced convection heat exchange in the cooler is improved to a certain extent, and the heat exchange performance of the cooler is improved. The cooling requirement of the equipment to be cooled can be met, the average flow of the cooling medium in the loop is reduced, and the power of the circulating pump is saved.
And obtaining a corresponding Reynolds number according to the flow state in the cooler under the actual working condition, and selecting the optimal pulsation frequency f of the pulsation generating device according to the Reynolds number through experimental research results in the figure 4 so as to obtain the best heat exchange enhancement effect. According to f, the pulsation cycle T =1/f of the pulsation generating device is obtained, and when the duty ratio is selected to be 50%, the opening time T1=0.5T =0.5/f of the diaphragm solenoid valve 3, and the closing time T1=0.5T =0.5/f of the diaphragm solenoid valve 3. Therefore, the on time of the time relay 4 is set to T1=0.5T =0.5/f, and the off time of the time relay 4 is set to T2=0.5T = 0.5/f.
When the time relay controls the diaphragm electromagnetic valve to be in an opening state, the one-way valve is conducted, the pulsation generating branch and the flow regulating branch are both conducted, and the flow flowing out of the pulsation generating device reaches the maximum. When the time relay controls the membrane electromagnetic valve to be in a closed state, the pulsation generating branch is not conducted, only the flow regulating branch is conducted, and the flow flowing out of the pulsation generating device reaches the minimum value at the moment. Since the switching time of the open state and the closed state of the diaphragm solenoid valve is very short, the low-frequency pulsation is negligible. When the time relay controls the diaphragm electromagnetic valve to be switched from an open state to a closed state, due to the inertia of fluid, the pressure in a pipeline in front of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve is increased, the fluid enters the gas diaphragm type hydraulic energy accumulator, the gas pressure in the energy accumulator is increased, the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into the pressure energy of the gas in the energy accumulator, and meanwhile, the diaphragm electromagnetic valve is prevented from being damaged by water hammer. Meanwhile, the flow at the outlet of the pulsation generating device is gradually reduced and tends to be stable to reach the minimum value. The upstream of the energy accumulator is provided with a one-way conduction valve, when the pressure in front of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve is reduced, the one-way conduction valve is closed, so that the liquid in the energy accumulator is prevented from flowing into the pipeline, and the pressure energy of the gas in the energy accumulator is preserved. When the time relay controls the diaphragm electromagnetic valve to be switched from a closed state to an open state, the one-way valve is switched on, the pressure in the pulsation generation branch circuit is reduced, the fluid in the energy accumulator flows into the pipeline, the pressure energy in the energy accumulator is converted into the kinetic energy in the fluid in the pipeline, and meanwhile, the flow of the outlet of the pulsation generation device is gradually increased and reaches the maximum value. The above-mentioned steps form a pulsating flow with a periodically changing flow rate at the outlet of the pulsation generating device. The accumulator and the one-way valve cooperate to prevent water hammer and help to increase the pulse amplitude of the pulsating flow. Meanwhile, the flow regulating valve in the pulsation regulating branch of the pulsation generating device can regulate the average flow of the pulsation generating device to a certain extent. When the opening of the flow regulating valve is increased, the average flow is increased, otherwise, the average flow is reduced. As shown in fig. 2, the fluid pipe network simulation is performed on the seawater loop of the ship cooling water system, the pulsation frequency of the pulsation generating device is 1Hz, the duty ratio is 0.5, the power-on time and the power-off time of the time relay are both set to be 0.5 second, the energy accumulator is arranged, the energy accumulator is not arranged, and the change waveform of the outlet mass flow of the pulsation generating device along with the time is compared.
The energy-saving cooling system based on the traditional ship seawater cooling system provided by the invention has the advantages that the pulsation generating device is arranged in front of the cooler inlets of the seawater loop and the high-temperature fresh water loop. And setting the on-off time of a time relay in the pulse generating device according to the characteristics of the heat exchanger and the flow state in the cooling loop. Therefore, the electromagnetic diaphragm valve in the pulse generating circuit in the pulse generating device can be opened and closed periodically at a certain frequency and duty ratio, so that a pulse flow with a specific frequency and duty ratio is formed at the outlet of the pulse generating device. The pulsating flow enters the heat exchanger to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the forced convection heat exchange surface inside the heat exchanger to a certain extent.
Through experimental study 5 of performing pulse flow enhanced heat exchange on a brazed plate heat exchanger, the result shows that low-frequency pulse with a duty ratio of 0.5, namely pulse flow with a frequency of 0.5Hz to 2.5Hz has a certain enhanced effect on the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger in the stages of laminar flow, transition and vigorous turbulence, the enhanced heat exchange effect of the pulse flow in the transition stage reaches the best, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by 25% to the maximum in comparison with stable flow without pulse, and the enhanced heat exchange effect of the pulse flow in the stages of laminar flow and turbulence is relatively low, as shown in fig. 3, wherein Em is the ratio of the total heat transfer coefficient under the pulse flow to the total heat transfer coefficient under the stable flow.
The results shown in FIG. 4 below can be obtained by converting FIG. 3, where Em is the ratio of the total heat transfer coefficient under pulsating flow to the total heat transfer coefficient under steady flow; the optimal pulsating flow frequency under different flow states can be seen more intuitively, so that the optimal pulsating frequency can be selected according to the corresponding Reynolds number of the flow state in the plate heat exchanger under the actual working condition and the Reynolds number, and the best heat exchange enhancement effect can be obtained.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system comprises a host, wherein a host cylinder sleeve cooling water outlet and a host cylinder sleeve cooling water inlet are formed in the host and are respectively used for feeding and discharging cooling water, and a high-temperature water loop sequentially comprises the host cylinder sleeve cooling water outlet, a high-temperature fresh water circulating pump, a host cylinder sleeve cooler and the host cylinder sleeve cooling water inlet; the low-temperature fresh water loop is formed by sequentially connecting a main engine cylinder sleeve cooler, a central cooler, a low-temperature fresh water pump and the main engine cylinder sleeve cooler in series, the central cooler is also connected with a seawater loop, the seawater pump pumps seawater into the central cooler for cooling the central cooler, and the seawater exchanges heat with the central cooler and is discharged through a seawater discharge board;
the device is characterized by further comprising a first pulsation generating device, wherein the first pulsation generating device comprises a time relay, a diaphragm electromagnetic valve, a gas diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator, a one-way check valve and a flow regulating valve, the one-way check valve and the diaphragm electromagnetic valve are sequentially connected in series through a pipeline in the water flow direction to form a pulsation generating branch, the flow regulating valve is installed on a flow regulating branch, and the pulsation generating branch is connected with the flow regulating branch in parallel; the diaphragm electromagnetic valve and the one-way check valve are connected with a gas diaphragm type hydraulic accumulator through a three-way piece, a time relay controls the on-off of the diaphragm electromagnetic valve, and the first pulsation generating device is connected between the high-temperature fresh water circulating pump and the main engine cylinder liner cooler in series.
2. The pulsating flow heat exchange enhanced ship cooling water system of claim 1, further comprising a second pulsation generating device, wherein the second pulsation generating device is identical in structure to the first pulsation generating device and is connected in series between the sea water pump and the central cooler.
3. The pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system of claim 2, wherein said first pulsation generating device is disposed near a main engine liner cooler for optimal cooling effect, and said second pulsation generating device is disposed as close as possible to a central cooler for optimal cooling effect.
4. The pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system of claim 1, further comprising a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve, wherein a bypass pipeline connected to the first three-way valve can short-circuit a main engine cylinder liner cooler, and a bypass pipeline connected to the second three-way valve can short-circuit a central cooler.
5. The pulsating flow heat exchange enhanced ship cooling water system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time relay can set two time parameters to control the on-time and off-time of the coil of the diaphragm solenoid valve and the dc power supply respectively, so as to control the on-time and off-time of the diaphragm solenoid valve, i.e. the on-time and off-time of the pulsation generation branch.
6. The pulsating flow heat exchange enhanced ship cooling water system of claim 1, wherein the pulsation frequency of the first pulsation generating device is 1Hz, and the duty ratio is 0.5.
7. The pulsating flow heat exchange enhanced ship cooling water system as recited in claim 1,
the one-way check valve is communicated in one direction from upstream to downstream in the flow direction of the cooling medium in the cooling circuit.
8. The pulsating flow heat exchange enhanced ship cooling water system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the axis of the flow regulating branch is identical to the axis of the pipeline of the cooling circuit to which the flow regulating branch is connected, and the pulsation generating branch is connected with the flow regulating branch through an elbow.
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| CN202110326953.7A CN112977782A (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system |
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| CN202110326953.7A CN112977782A (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2021-03-26 | Pulsating flow enhanced heat exchange ship cooling water system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113782233A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Space nuclear power circulation system based on integration of pulse heat exchange and water-oxygen decarbonization |
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