CN112975465B

CN112975465B - Combined machine tool clamp for roughly boring bearing hole of tractor gearbox

Info

Publication number: CN112975465B
Application number: CN202110226348.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯纪良; 陈玉文
Original assignee: Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology
Current assignee: Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology
Priority date: 2021-03-01
Filing date: 2021-03-01
Publication date: 2022-09-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-01
Also published as: CN112975465A

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined machine tool clamp for roughly boring a bearing hole of a tractor gearbox, which comprises a clamp base, a positioning support plate, an axial positioning piece, an axial clamping piece, a first pressing mechanism and a second pressing mechanism, wherein the positioning support plate, the axial positioning piece, the axial clamping piece, the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are positioned above the clamp base; the positioning support plate is suitable for supporting a tractor gearbox, a horizontal positioning plane and a vertical positioning plane which are attached to a positioning lug of the tractor gearbox are arranged on the positioning support plate, and the axial positioning piece is suitable for positioning one axial end of the tractor gearbox; the axial clamping piece is pressed on the tractor gearbox along the X direction from the other axial end of the tractor gearbox; the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are matched with the positioning support plate, and the first pressing mechanism and/or the second pressing mechanism apply oblique acting force along the YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox. The clamp is completely positioned and clamped in multiple points, so that the clamping reliability is greatly improved; the two surfaces are simultaneously roughly bored and drilled, and the efficiency is high.

Description

Combined machine tool clamp for roughly boring bearing hole of tractor gearbox

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a combined machine tool clamp for a tractor gearbox rough boring bearing hole.

Background

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a tractor gearbox is provided, which is internally provided with an input shaft, an output shaft and other transmission shafts, bearings, gears and the like, and changes the travel speed of a tractor by changing the transmission ratio of a sliding gear and a fixed gear which are arranged on the transmission shafts; therefore, the main function of the gearbox is to support the transmission shafts, ensure the center distance and the parallelism among the transmission shafts and ensure the correct installation of the gearbox of the tractor and other components.

The tractor gearbox shown in the figures 1 and 2 is a cavity-shaped part of a thin-wall shell, has a complex structure, is not difficult to cast, has slightly poor rigidity, is easy to deform after being subjected to a strong force, and has higher requirement on processing precision; the outer surface of the bearing is provided with a plurality of connecting planes to be processed, the bearing holes are distributed on the front end surface and the rear end surface, and a boring processing technology is adopted; besides the bearing holes, each connecting surface is also provided with a series of threaded holes which are processed by adopting a drilling process.

Use mechanical fixture commonly used and need process dead eye and screw hole respectively to through the shaft hole location of terminal surface during the location, lead to tractor gearbox surface damage easily at a lot of clamping in-process, also can reduce machining efficiency moreover.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a combined machine tool clamp for roughly boring a bearing hole of a tractor gearbox and a machining process of the tractor gearbox, aiming at solving the technical problems that in the prior art, the hole series machining efficiency of the tractor gearbox is low, multiple clamping is needed, and the surface of the tractor gearbox is easily damaged.

The invention provides a combined machine tool clamp for roughly boring a bearing hole of a tractor gearbox, which comprises a clamp base, a positioning support plate, an axial positioning piece, an axial clamping piece, a first pressing mechanism and a second pressing mechanism, wherein the positioning support plate, the axial positioning piece, the axial clamping piece, the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are positioned above the clamp base; the positioning support plate is suitable for supporting a gearbox of a tractor, a horizontal positioning plane and a vertical positioning plane which are attached to a positioning lug of the gearbox of the tractor are arranged on the positioning support plate, and the horizontal positioning plane and the vertical positioning plane are both vertical to the Z direction; the axial positioning piece is suitable for positioning one axial end of the gearbox of the tractor; the axial clamping piece is pressed on the tractor gearbox from the other axial end of the tractor gearbox along the X direction; the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism are matched with the positioning support plate and respectively press the tractor gearbox from two circumferential sides of the tractor gearbox, and the first pressing mechanism and/or the second pressing mechanism apply oblique acting force along the YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox.

Furthermore, the first pressing mechanism applies an oblique acting force along a YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox, and the second pressing mechanism applies an acting force along a Z direction to the tractor gearbox.

Further, the axial clamping piece comprises a clamping cylinder, a connecting rod and a top pin, the top pin is hinged to the middle of the connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the clamping cylinder, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the clamp base, and when the clamping cylinder is started, the top pin abuts against the axial end face of the tractor gearbox.

Furthermore, two groups of first pressing mechanisms are arranged, each group of first pressing mechanisms comprises a rotating pressing plate, a middle supporting rod, an end supporting rod, a wedge-shaped pin and a thrust cylinder, the middle supporting rod is movably connected with the rotating pressing plate and fixed on a clamp base, one end of the rotating pressing plate is provided with a convex block capable of abutting against the surface of the positioning support lug, and the contact surface of the convex block and the positioning support lug, a horizontal positioning plane and a vertical positioning plane both have inclination angles; the end supporting rod and the lug are respectively positioned at two sides of the middle supporting rod; the wedge pin is connected with a piston rod of the thrust cylinder, one end of the end supporting rod is in sliding fit with the end face of the wedge pin, and the other end of the end supporting rod abuts against the surface of the rotating pressing plate.

Furthermore, the included angle between the contact surface of the wedge-shaped pin and the end supporting rod and the central shaft of the thrust cylinder is an acute angle.

Furthermore, the middle support rod is a ball stud in threaded connection with the clamp base, and a support spring is sleeved on the ball stud between the rotating pressure plate and the clamp base.

Furthermore, the second pressing mechanism is provided with two sets, each set of the second pressing mechanism comprises a lifting pressing plate, an adjusting support rod, a lifting support rod and a driving assembly, the adjusting support rod is fixedly connected with the clamp base, the driving assembly drives the lifting support rod to do lifting motion along the Z direction, the lifting support rod is connected with the lifting pressing plate, one end of the lifting pressing plate is provided with a horizontal surface which is in pressing contact with the positioning support lug, the adjusting support rod is supported at the other end of the lifting pressing plate, and the adjusting support rod and the horizontal surface are respectively located on two sides of the lifting pressing rod.

Furthermore, the driving assembly comprises a driving cylinder, a wedge shaft, a combined rod and a lever, one end of the wedge shaft is connected with the driving cylinder, the other end of the wedge shaft is matched with the combined rod through a wedge surface, the combined rod is hinged to the middle of the lever, the two lifting support rods are respectively connected to two ends of the lever, and the wedge shaft can drive the combined rod to do lifting motion along the Z direction.

Further, the wedge shaft comprises a connecting section and a matching section, the connecting section is connected with the driving cylinder, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the matching section are provided with inclined surfaces which are parallel to each other; the combined rod comprises a rod body, a roller and a wedge block, the upper end of the rod body is hinged to the lever, a shaft hole suitable for the penetration of the matching section is formed in the lower portion of the rod body, the wedge block is fixedly connected with the rod body, the roller is hinged to the rod body, the upper side inclined surface of the matching section is matched with the wedge surface of the wedge block, and the lower side inclined surface of the matching section is in rolling contact with the roller.

Further, still be fixed with bore hole locating piece and drilling locating piece on the anchor clamps base, be provided with the first guiding hole that corresponds with the dead eye of tractor gearbox on the bore hole locating piece, be provided with the second guiding hole that corresponds with the screw hole of tractor gearbox on the drilling locating piece, just the axial both ends of tractor gearbox all are provided with bore hole locating piece and drilling locating piece.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the five degrees of freedom are restrained by the fit of the positioning support plate and the positioning support lug, the sixth degree of freedom is restrained by the axial positioning piece, the three coordinate axis directions are pressed by matching the axial clamping piece, the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism, and the contact surface of the clamp and the tractor gearbox is mainly positioned on the side surface of the tractor gearbox, so that the space for boring and drilling is reserved at the two axial ends of the tractor gearbox, boring and drilling can be simultaneously carried out, the clamping times are reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved.

(2) According to the invention, one or two of the first pressing mechanism and the second pressing mechanism apply an oblique acting force along the YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox, so that the positioning effect of the vertical positioning plane and the positioning effect of the horizontal positioning plane are ensured, and the phenomenon of play in the other direction in the clamping process is avoided by simultaneously clamping in two directions.

(3) The first pressing mechanism is combined with wedge type clamping, self-locking can be achieved, clamping is firm, and reliability is high.

(4) Two groups of second pressing mechanisms are driven to press through the same driving assembly, and wedge shafts in the telescopic driving assembly are matched with the rod body through the upper inclined surface and the lower inclined surface, so that downward tension can be applied to the rod body.

(5) The two clamping mechanisms are pneumatically clamped, so that the action of an electric system is smoothly controlled, the clamping efficiency is high, and the high-efficiency requirement of mass production is met.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view (from the left) of a tractor transmission to be manufactured;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the tractor transmission to be machined (viewed from the right side)

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a combined machine tool fixture for heavy boring a bearing bore of a tractor transmission according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at d of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a clamping schematic diagram of a combined machine tool clamp for rough boring a bearing hole of a tractor gearbox and the tractor gearbox;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of FIG. 5 at b;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view at a of FIG. 5;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combination post;

fig. 11 is a perspective view of the wedge shaft.

In the figure, 1, a combined machine tool clamp, 2, a tractor gearbox, 201, a bearing hole, 202, a threaded hole, 203, a positioning lug, 3, a clamp base, 4, a positioning support plate, 401, a horizontal positioning plane, 402, a vertical positioning plane, 5, an axial positioning piece, 6, an axial clamping piece, 601, a clamping cylinder, 602, a connecting rod, 603, a top pin, 7, a first pressing mechanism, 701, a rotating pressing plate, 7011, a bump, 702, a middle support rod, 703, an end support rod, 704, a wedge pin, 705, a thrust cylinder, 706, a support spring, 8, a second pressing mechanism, 801, a lifting pressing plate, 8011, a kidney-shaped hole, 8012, a chute, 802, an adjusting support rod, 803, a lifting support rod, 804, a driving component, 8041, a driving cylinder, 8042, a wedge shaft, 80421, a roller connecting section, 80422, a matching section, 8043, a combined rod, 80431, a rod body, 80432, 84033 and a wedge block, 8044. the device comprises a lever, 805, a return spring, 9, a first support frame, 10, a second support frame, 1001, a screw hole, 1002, a first through hole, 1003, a second through hole, 11, a boring positioning block, 1101, a first guide hole, 12, a drilling positioning block, 1201 and a second guide hole.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the present invention, the X direction is a direction parallel to the central axis of the tractor transmission case 2, the Z direction is a direction parallel to the direction of gravity in a normal state (also referred to as a direction parallel to the direction of gravity when the tractor transmission case 2 is placed on the combined machine tool jig 1), the Y direction is a direction perpendicular to the X direction and the Z direction, the X axis positive direction is the front, the X axis negative direction is the rear, the Z axis positive direction is the upper, the Z axis negative direction is the lower, the Y axis positive direction is the right, and the Y axis negative direction is the left. The X and Y directions constitute an XOY plane, i.e., a horizontal plane, and the X and Z directions constitute an XOZ plane, i.e., a vertical plane. Two end surfaces of the tractor gearbox 2 vertical to the X direction are front and rear end surfaces, a surface vertical to the Y direction is a left side surface and a right side surface, and a surface vertical to the Z direction is an upper end surface and a lower end surface.

Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic structural diagrams of a tractor transmission case 2 machined by the present invention, and a bearing hole 201 and a threaded hole 202 in the diagrams are holes to be machined after being clamped by using the combined machine tool clamp 1 of the present invention.

A combined machine tool clamp 1 for roughly boring a bearing hole of a tractor gearbox comprises a clamp base 3, a positioning support plate 4, an axial positioning piece 5, an axial clamping piece 6, a first pressing mechanism 7 and a second pressing mechanism 8, wherein the positioning support plate 4, the axial positioning piece 5, the axial clamping piece 6, the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are positioned above the clamp base 3; the positioning support plate 4 is suitable for supporting the tractor gearbox 2, a horizontal positioning plane 401 and a vertical positioning plane 402 which are attached to the positioning support lug 203 of the tractor gearbox 2 are arranged on the positioning support plate 4, and the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402 are both perpendicular to the Z direction; the axial positioning piece 5 is suitable for positioning one axial end of the tractor gearbox 2; the axial clamping piece 6 is pressed on the tractor gearbox 2 from the other axial end of the tractor gearbox 2 along the X direction; the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are matched with the positioning support plate 4, the tractor gearbox 2 is pressed by two circumferential sides of the tractor gearbox 2 respectively, and the first pressing mechanism 7 and/or the second pressing mechanism 8 apply oblique acting force along the YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox 2.

The clamp base 3 is used as a fixing base of other parts, and the positioning scheme is as follows: the horizontal positioning plane 401 in the positioning support plate 4 is parallel to the XOY plane, and three degrees of freedom can be constrained by the horizontal positioning plane 401, which are: rotational motion about the X-axis, rotational motion about the Y-axis, translational motion along the Z-axis. The vertical positioning plane 402 in the positioning support plate 4 is parallel to the XOZ plane, and two degrees of freedom can be constrained by the vertical positioning plane 402, which are: rotational movement about the Z-axis and translational movement along the Y-axis. The axial positioning element 5 constrains the last degree of freedom, i.e. the translational movement along the X-axis. The clamping scheme is as follows: the axial clamping piece 6 ensures the positioning effect of the axial end face, and the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 ensure the positioning effect of the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402. The tractor gearbox 2 is completely clamped under the pressing action of three coordinate axis directions. Compared with the conventional clamp which needs to perform center positioning and then one-key clamping on the shaft hole of the tractor gearbox 2, the positioning and clamping functions of the tractor gearbox 2 basically act on the positioning support lug 203, so that enough space can be reserved at two axial ends of the tractor gearbox 2 for processing the bearing hole 201 and the threaded hole 202 at one time, multiple clamping is not needed, and the processing efficiency is improved.

The first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are matched with the positioning support plate 4, namely the pressing force of the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 on the tractor gearbox 2 is opposite to the supporting force of the positioning support plate 4 on the tractor gearbox 2, so that the clamping of the tractor gearbox 2 is realized under the combined action. The first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 thus act on the positioning lug 203, and the acting point is located above the positioning support plate 4, where the acting point may be directly above or obliquely above.

The first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are mainly used for ensuring the positioning effect of the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402, the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 can both apply an oblique acting force along the YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox 2, or the first pressing mechanism 7 can apply an oblique acting force along the YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox 2, and the second pressing mechanism 8 can apply an acting force along the Z direction to the tractor gearbox 2, wherein the oblique acting force along the YOZ plane is the acting force of the first pressing mechanism 7 to the tractor gearbox 2, is located in the YOZ plane and is an oblique force, the oblique force is a force which is not parallel to the Y direction and the Z direction, when the oblique acting force acts on the positioning lug 203, the positioning lug 203 receives component forces in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction corresponding to the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402, thereby ensuring the positioning effect of the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402.

The first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the tractor gearbox 2 and have pressing force from top to bottom on the tractor gearbox 2.

A combined machine tool clamp for roughly boring a bearing hole of a tractor gearbox comprises a clamp base 3, a positioning support plate 4, an axial positioning piece 5, an axial clamping piece 6, a first pressing mechanism 7 and a second pressing mechanism 8, wherein the positioning support plate 4, the axial positioning piece 5, the axial clamping piece 6, the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are positioned above the clamp base 3; the positioning support plate 4 is suitable for supporting the tractor gearbox 2, a horizontal positioning plane 401 and a vertical positioning plane 402 which are attached to the positioning support lug 203 of the tractor gearbox 2 are arranged on the positioning support plate 4, and the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402 are both perpendicular to the Z direction; the axial positioning piece 5 is suitable for positioning one axial end of the tractor gearbox 2; the axial clamping piece 6 is pressed on the tractor gearbox 2 from the other axial end of the tractor gearbox 2 along the X direction; the first pressing mechanism 7 and the second pressing mechanism 8 are matched with the positioning support plate 4, the tractor gearbox 2 is pressed by two sides of the tractor gearbox 2 in the circumferential direction respectively, the first pressing mechanism 7 exerts oblique acting force along the YOZ plane on the tractor gearbox 2, and the second pressing mechanism 8 exerts acting force along the Z direction on the tractor gearbox 2.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, two positioning lugs 203 are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the tractor transmission case 2, each positioning lug 203 has a P surface attached to a horizontal positioning plane 401, the positioning lug 203 on the right side has an N surface attached to a vertical positioning plane 402, the outer side surfaces of the two positioning lugs 203 engaged with the first pressing mechanism 7 are inclined surfaces (i.e., Q surfaces in the drawing), the inclined surfaces are pressing action points of the first pressing mechanism 7, the first pressing mechanism 7 is engaged with the N surfaces on the positioning lug 203 on the right side to press the tractor transmission case 2 in the Y direction, the upper surfaces of the two positioning lugs 203 engaged with the second pressing mechanism 8 are horizontal surfaces (i.e., R surfaces in the drawing), and the horizontal surfaces are pressing action points of the second pressing mechanism 8.

As shown in fig. 3, 5 and 6, four positioning support plates 4 are provided, which correspond to the positioning lugs 203 one by one, a first support frame 9 and a second support frame 10 are fixed on the fixture base 3, a first hold-down mechanism 7 and two of the positioning support plates 4 are provided on the first support frame 9, a second hold-down mechanism 8 and two other positioning support plates 4 are provided on the second support frame 10, a horizontal positioning plane 401 is an upper surface of the positioning support plate 4, and a vertical positioning plane 402 is an inner side surface of the positioning support plate 4 facing the tractor gearbox 2.

A boring positioning block 11 and a drilling positioning block 12 are arranged on the clamp base 3 along the front-back direction, as shown in fig. 3, two boring positioning blocks 11 are fixed above the clamp base 3, the two boring positioning blocks 11 are respectively positioned in front of and behind the tractor gearbox 2, and a drilling positioning hole is fixed on each boring positioning block 11. The boring positioning block 11 is provided with a first guide hole 1101 corresponding to a bearing hole 201 of the tractor transmission case 2, the boring positioning block 12 is provided with a second guide hole 1201 corresponding to a threaded hole 202 of the tractor transmission case 2, and the boring positioning block 11 and the boring positioning block 12 are arranged at two axial ends of the tractor transmission case 2. The boring positioning block 11 and the drilling positioning block 12 do not have a positioning effect on the tractor gearbox 2, are not directly contacted with the tractor gearbox 2 during clamping, and only have a guiding effect during hole machining.

The axial positioning member 5 is fixed to the front end face of the boring positioning block 11 at the rear, and in this embodiment, the axial positioning member 5 is a cylindrical supporting plate, and the M-plane of the cylindrical supporting plate is a positioning plane.

The axial clamping part 6 adopts a pneumatic clamping mode and specifically comprises a clamping cylinder 601, a connecting rod 602 and a top pin 603, wherein the top pin 603 is hinged to the middle of the connecting rod 602, one end of the connecting rod 602 is hinged to the clamping cylinder 601, the other end of the connecting rod 602 is hinged to the clamp base 3, and when the clamping cylinder 601 is started, the top pin 603 abuts against the axial end face of the tractor gearbox 2. As shown in fig. 6, the clamping cylinder 601 is fixed on the top of the boring positioning block 11 in front, a piston rod of the clamping cylinder 601 extends from the rear and is hinged to one end of a connecting rod 602, the other end of the connecting rod 602 is hinged to the rear end face of the boring positioning block 11 as a fixed end, one end of a knock pin 603 is connected to the middle of the connecting rod 602, the other end of the knock pin 603 passes through the boring positioning block 11 and extends out from the front end of the boring positioning hole, when the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 601 extends and retracts, the knock pin 603 moves in a retracting manner, and when the knock pin 603 extends out forward, the knock pin 603 abuts against the rear end face of the tractor transmission 2 and cooperates with the tractor axial positioning element 5 to axially clamp the transmission 2.

The mounting position of the clamping cylinder 601 can be more random by switching the clamping cylinder 601 and the ejector pin 603 through the connecting rod 602, and in addition, because the movement stroke of the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 601 is larger than the clamping stroke of the ejector pin 603, when the clamping cylinders 601 of the same model are used, the adjustment of different clamping strokes of the ejector pin 603 can be realized by adjusting the hinge point on the connecting rod 602, so that the universality is higher, and the cost is reduced.

The first pressing mechanisms 7 are of a structure combining pneumatic clamping and wedge clamping, two groups of the first pressing mechanisms 7 are arranged and located on the left side of the tractor gearbox 2 and correspond to the two positioning support plates 4 on the left side one by one, each group of the first pressing mechanisms 7 comprises a rotating pressing plate 701, a middle support rod 702, an end support rod 703, a wedge pin 704 and a thrust cylinder 705, the middle support rod 702 is movably connected with the rotating pressing plate 701, the middle support rod 702 is fixed on the clamp base 3, one end of the rotating pressing plate 701 is provided with a convex block 7011 capable of abutting against the surface of the positioning support lug 203, and the contact surface of the convex block 7011 and the positioning support lug 203, the horizontal positioning plane 401 and the vertical positioning plane 402 are provided with inclination angles; the end support rods 703 and the lugs 7011 are respectively positioned on both sides of the middle support rod 702; the wedge pin 704 is connected with a piston rod of the thrust cylinder 705, one end of the end support rod 703 is in sliding fit with the end face of the wedge pin 704, and the other end of the end support rod 703 is pressed against the surface of the rotating pressure plate 701. As shown in fig. 5, a thrust cylinder 705 is hidden under the clamp base 3, a rotary press plate 701 is connected to a first support frame 9, the first support frame 9 is provided with a screw hole 1001 for inserting a middle support rod 702, a first through hole 1002 for inserting an end support rod 703 and a second through hole 1003 for passing a wedge pin 704, the central axes of the first through hole 1002 and the screw hole 1001 are parallel, the second through hole 1003 is coaxially arranged with the thrust cylinder 705, the second through hole 1003 is communicated with the first through hole 1002, the thrust cylinder 705 is vertically arranged, a piston rod of the thrust cylinder 705 extends into the second through hole 1003 to abut against the wedge pin 704 for jacking up the wedge pin 704, the upper end surface of the wedge pin 704 is in fit contact with the end support rod, and the contact surface of the wedge pin 704 and the end support rod 703 forms an acute angle with the central axis of the thrust cylinder 705, i.e. the contact surface is neither horizontal nor vertical, as shown in fig. 5, when the piston rod of the thrust cylinder 705 extends, the end support rod 703 can be pushed horizontally leftward to push the end support rod 703 to extend. The middle support rod 702 serves as a rotation fulcrum of the rotating pressure plate 701, and when the end support rod 703 drives one end of the rotating pressure plate 701 to lift, the protrusion 7011 at the other end of the rotating pressure plate 701 presses down and abuts against the Q-plane of the positioning lug 203. Meanwhile, the horizontal component force of the rotary pressing plate 701 on the positioning lug 203 causes the tractor gearbox 2 to be pressed against the vertical positioning surface 402 of the right positioning support plate 4 along the Y direction (as shown in FIG. 8).

The middle support rod 702 can be but not limited to adopt a ball stud, the head end of the ball stud is located on the outer side of the rotating pressure plate 701, the threaded end of the ball stud penetrates through the rotating pressure plate 701 and then is in threaded fixation with the screw hole 1001, a support spring 706 is sleeved on the ball stud located between the rotating pressure plate 701 and the first support frame 9 and can support the rotating pressure plate 701, and the ball stud and the rotating pressure plate 701 are in clearance fit, so that the rotating pressure plate 701 can rotate conveniently.

The second pressing mechanisms 8 are arranged in two groups and located on the right side of the tractor gearbox 2 and correspond to the two positioning support plates 4 on the right side one to one, each group of second pressing mechanisms 8 comprises a lifting and lowering plate 801, an adjusting support rod 802, a lifting and lowering support rod 803 and a driving assembly 804, the adjusting support rod 802 is fixedly connected with the clamp base 3, the driving assembly 804 drives the lifting and lowering support rod 803 to move up and down along the Z direction, the lifting and lowering support rod 803 is connected with the lifting and lowering plate 801, one end of the lifting and lowering plate 801 is provided with a horizontal surface in abutting contact with the positioning support lug 203, the adjusting support rod 802 is supported at the other end of the lifting and lowering plate 801, and the adjusting support rod 802 and the horizontal surface are located on two sides of the lifting and lowering support rod 803 respectively. As shown in fig. 5-9, the lifting pressure plate 801 is located above the second support frame 10, the adjusting support rod 802 is fixed on the top of the second support frame 10, the top of the adjusting support rod 802 is supported below one end of the lifting pressure plate 801 as a fulcrum, the other end of the lifting pressure plate 801 presses on the upper surface of the positioning support plate 4, the lifting support rod is connected to the middle of the lifting pressure plate 801 and penetrates through the second support frame 10 to be connected with the driving assembly 804, when the driving assembly 804 pulls the lifting support rod downwards, the lifting pressure plate 801 presses on the R surface of the positioning lug 203 and cooperates with the positioning support plate 4 located below the lifting pressure plate to clamp the tractor transmission 2 along the Z direction.

Preferably, a return spring 805 is arranged on the lifting stay 803 between the lifting and lowering plate 801 and the second support frame 10, the return spring 805 can help the lifting and lowering stay 803 to quickly return and release, in addition, when the lifting and lowering plate 801 is pressed down, the return spring 805 contracts, the elastic force of the return spring 805 can provide pre-tightening force for the lifting and lowering plate 801, and the pressing force of the lifting and lowering plate 801 cannot be reduced due to structural vibration during the drilling process.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, a waist-shaped hole 8011 is provided on the lifting/lowering plate 801, a sliding groove 8012 is provided at the bottom of the lifting/lowering plate 801, the adjusting support rod 802 abuts against the sliding groove 8012, the lifting/lowering support rod 803 is connected to the lifting/lowering plate 801 through the waist-shaped hole 8011, a screw thread is provided at the upper portion of the lifting/lowering support rod 803, and the position of the lifting/lowering plate 801 can be raised to the left and right along Y direction according to the position of the positioning lug 203, and then the lifting/lowering support rod 803 is screwed to the lifting/lowering plate 801 from the upper and lower surfaces of the lifting/lowering plate 801 by a nut, so that the lifting/lowering support rod 803 is fixed to the lifting/lowering plate 801.

The two second pressing mechanisms 8 may each use one driving assembly 804, and may also be driven by the same driving assembly 804, in this embodiment, the two second pressing mechanisms 8 are driven by the same driving assembly 804, and the driving assembly 804 adopts a structure combining pneumatic and wedge clamping. The concrete structure is as follows: the driving assembly 804 includes a driving cylinder 8041, a wedge shaft 8042, a combined rod 8043 and a lever 8044, one end of the wedge shaft 8042 is connected to the driving cylinder 8041, the other end of the wedge shaft 8042 is matched with the combined rod 8043 through a wedge surface, the combined rod 8043 is hinged to the middle of the lever 8044, two lifting support rods 803 are respectively connected to two ends of the lever 8044, and the wedge shaft 8042 can drive the combined rod 8043 to do lifting movement along the Z direction. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the driving cylinder 8041 is hidden under the fixture base 3, the wedge shaft 8042 and the driving cylinder 8041 coaxially extend and retract, and the wedge shaft 8042 is matched with the wedge surface of the combined rod 8043, so that the combined rod 8043 is subjected to a downward pulling force. The wedge surface is an acute angle formed between a contact surface of the wedge shaft 8042 and the combined rod 8043 and a central axis of the wedge shaft 8042, and when the wedge shaft 8042 is extended or retracted, the combined rod 8043 can be subjected to a force perpendicular to the extension or retraction direction of the wedge shaft 8042, so that the combined rod 8043 moves in a direction not parallel to the wedge shaft 8042.

Further, the wedge shaft 8042 includes a connection section 80421 and a mating section 80422 (shown in fig. 11), the connection section 80421 is connected to the driving cylinder 8041, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the mating section 80422 have inclined surfaces parallel to each other, where the inclined surfaces refer to surfaces that form an acute angle with the central axis of the wedge shaft 8042 in the YOZ plane, that is, the S-surface and the T-surface in fig. 7 and 11; as shown in fig. 10, the combination rod 8043 includes a rod 80431, a roller 80432 and a wedge 80433, the upper end of the rod 80431 is hinged to the lever 8044, the lower portion of the rod 80431 is provided with an axial hole through which the matching section 80422 penetrates, the wedge 80433 is fixedly connected to the rod 80431, the roller 80432 is hinged to the rod 80431, the upper inclined surface (i.e., the S surface) of the matching section 80422 is matched with the wedge 80433, and the lower inclined surface (i.e., the T surface) of the matching section 80422 is in rolling contact with the roller 80432. As shown in the figure, two lifting support rods 803 pass through two ends of the lever 8044, a nut is connected to the lower end of the lifting support rod 803, and abuts against the lower surface of the lever 8044 through the nut, when the lever 8044 moves downwards, the lifting support rod 803 moves downwards, and when the lever 8044 moves upwards, the lifting support rod 803 moves upwards under the action of the return spring 805. The top of the rod body 80431 is provided with a hinge hole, the middle part of the lever 8044 is provided with an installation groove, the top of the rod body 80431 is inserted into the installation groove and is connected with the lever 8044 through a hinge shaft, and the two pressure rising and dropping plates 801 are controlled to rise and fall through the lever 8044, so that the error in height can be coordinated. The S surface and the T surface are inclined surfaces which gradually rise from left to right, the S surface is in surface contact with the wedge 80433, the T surface is in line contact with the roller 80432, when the wedge 8042 moves leftwards, the wedge 80433 rises, the rod 80431 and the roller 80432 are driven to rise, when the wedge 8042 extends rightwards, the roller 80432 descends, the rod 80431 and the wedge 80433 are driven to descend, and at the moment, the lever 8044 pulls the lifting support rod 803 downwards.

The invention solves the problem of the clamp required by the combined machine tool for roughly boring the bearing hole 201 and drilling the threaded hole 202 of the tractor gearbox 2. The clamp is completely positioned and clamped in multiple points, so that the clamping reliability is greatly improved; the two surfaces are simultaneously roughly bored and drilled, and the efficiency is high. The clamping device is combined with a tapered wedge clamping mechanism, can be self-locked, and is firm in clamping and strong in reliability; in addition, the pneumatic clamping is adopted, so that the action sequence of an electrical system can be conveniently controlled, the clamping efficiency is high, and the high-efficiency requirement of mass production is met.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments.

In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a tractor gearbox heavy boring bearing hole's combination lathe anchor clamps which characterized in that includes:

a clamp base (3);

the positioning support plate (4) is positioned above the clamp base (3) and is suitable for supporting the tractor gearbox (2), a horizontal positioning plane (401) and a vertical positioning plane (402) which are attached to a positioning lug (203) of the tractor gearbox (2) are arranged on the positioning support plate (4), and the horizontal positioning plane (401) and the vertical positioning plane (402) are both perpendicular to the Z direction;

the axial positioning piece (5) is positioned above the clamp base (3) and is suitable for positioning one axial end of the tractor gearbox (2);

the axial clamping piece (6) is positioned above the clamp base (3) and presses the tractor gearbox (2) along the X direction from the other axial end of the tractor gearbox (2);

the first pressing mechanism (7) and the second pressing mechanism (8) are matched with the positioning support plate (4) and act on the positioning support lug (203);

the first pressing mechanism (7) applies an oblique acting force along a YOZ plane to the tractor gearbox (2), and the second pressing mechanism (8) applies an acting force along a Z direction to the tractor gearbox (2); the two groups of first pressing mechanisms (7) are arranged, each group of first pressing mechanisms (7) comprises a rotating pressing plate (701), a middle supporting rod (702), an end supporting rod (703), a wedge pin (704) and a thrust cylinder (705), the middle supporting rod (702) is movably connected with the rotating pressing plate (701), the middle supporting rod (702) is fixed on a clamp base (3), one end of the rotating pressing plate (701) is provided with a convex block (7011) capable of abutting against the surface of the positioning support lug (203), and the contact surface of the convex block (7011) and the positioning support lug (203) and the horizontal positioning plane (401) and the vertical positioning plane (402) have inclination angles; the end supporting rod (703) and the convex block (7011) are respectively positioned at two sides of the middle supporting rod (702);

the wedge-shaped pin (704) is connected with a piston rod of the thrust cylinder (705), one end of the end supporting rod (703) is in sliding fit with the end face of the wedge-shaped pin (704), and the other end of the end supporting rod (703) is pressed against the surface of the rotating pressure plate (701).

2. The combined machine tool fixture for the heavy boring bearing hole of the tractor gearbox as recited in claim 1, wherein: the axial clamping piece (6) comprises a clamping cylinder (601), a connecting rod (602) and a top pin (603), the top pin (603) is hinged to the middle of the connecting rod (602), one end of the connecting rod (602) is hinged to the clamping cylinder (601), the other end of the connecting rod (602) is hinged to a clamp base (3), and when the clamping cylinder (601) is started, the top pin (603) abuts against the axial end face of the tractor gearbox (2).

3. The combined machine tool clamp for the heavy boring bearing hole of the gearbox of the tractor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle support rod (702) is a ball stud in threaded connection with the clamp base (3), and a support spring (706) is sleeved on the ball stud between the rotary pressing plate (701) and the clamp base (3).

4. The combined machine tool fixture for the heavy boring bearing hole of the tractor gearbox as recited in claim 1, wherein: second hold-down mechanism (8) are provided with two sets ofly, every group second hold-down mechanism (8) are including going up and down step-down board (801), regulation bracing piece (802), lift bracing piece (803) and drive assembly (804), adjust bracing piece (802) and anchor clamps base (3) fixed connection, drive assembly (804) drive lift bracing piece (803) are along Z to doing elevating movement, lift bracing piece (803) with go up and down step-down board (801) is connected, the one end of going up and down step-down board (801) have with location journal stirrup (203) support the horizontal surface that presses the contact, adjust bracing piece (802) and support the other end at go up and down step-down board (801), and adjust bracing piece (802) and horizontal surface and be located the both sides of going up and down bracing piece (803) respectively.

5. The combined machine tool fixture for the heavy boring bearing hole of the tractor gearbox as recited in claim 4, wherein: the driving assembly (804) comprises a driving cylinder (8041), a wedge shaft (8042), a combined rod (8043) and a lever (8044), one end of the wedge shaft (8042) is connected with the driving cylinder (8041), the other end of the wedge shaft (8042) is matched with the combined rod (8043) through a wedge surface, the combined rod (8043) is hinged to the middle of the lever (8044), the two lifting support rods (803) are respectively connected to two ends of the lever (8044), and the wedge shaft (8042) can drive the combined rod (8043) to do lifting motion along the Z direction.

6. The combined machine tool fixture for the heavy boring bearing hole of the tractor gearbox as recited in claim 5, wherein: the wedge shaft (8042) comprises a connecting section (80421) and a matching section (80422), the connecting section (80421) is connected with the driving cylinder (8041), and the upper surface and the lower surface of the matching section (80422) are provided with inclined surfaces which are parallel to each other;

combination pole (8043) include body of rod (80431), gyro wheel (80432) and voussoir (80433), the upper end and lever (8044) of body of rod (80431) are articulated, and the lower part of body of rod (80431) is equipped with and is suitable for the shaft hole that cooperation section (80422) run through, voussoir (80433) with body of rod (80431) fixed connection, gyro wheel (80432) with body of rod (80431) are articulated, the upside inclined surface of cooperation section (80422) with voussoir (80433) scarf cooperation, the downside inclined surface of cooperation section (80422) with gyro wheel (80432) rolling contact.

7. The combined machine tool fixture for the heavy boring bearing hole of the tractor gearbox as recited in claim 1, wherein: still be fixed with bore hole locating piece (11) and drilling locating piece (12) on anchor clamps base (3), be provided with first guiding hole (1101) that correspond with bearing hole (201) of tractor gearbox (2) on bore hole locating piece (11), be provided with second guiding hole (1201) that correspond with screw hole (202) of tractor gearbox (2) on drilling locating piece (12), just the axial both ends of tractor gearbox (2) all are provided with bore hole locating piece (11) and drilling locating piece (12).