CN112971181B - Kiwi fruit oxygenation ripening device and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit oxygenation ripening device and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112971181B CN112971181B CN202110383246.1A CN202110383246A CN112971181B CN 112971181 B CN112971181 B CN 112971181B CN 202110383246 A CN202110383246 A CN 202110383246A CN 112971181 B CN112971181 B CN 112971181B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
- A23N15/06—Devices for other treatment of fruit, e.g. marking, maturing, polishing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/158—Apparatus for preserving using liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Cold Air Circulating Systems And Constructional Details In Refrigerators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an oxygenation ripening device for kiwi fruits and an operation method thereof, wherein the oxygenation ripening device comprises an outer box body, an equipment cabin and a ripening box, the outer box body is an integral shell, and the equipment cabin and the ripening box are separated by an outer partition plate; the equipment cabin comprises a refrigeration compressor, an oxygen generator, a water tank, a water pump and a control box, the ripening compartment comprises a storage area, an air suction area, an air return area, an air inlet area and a compartment door, and the storage area and the air return area are separated by an inner partition plate. The invention also provides an operation method of the kiwi fruit oxygenation and ripening device. The device can adjust the temperature and humidity of the compartment body, control the oxygen concentration, effectively regulate and control the ripening speed and the ripening degree of the kiwi fruits, realize high-oxygen ripening of the kiwi fruits after being taken out of a warehouse, adjust the temperature gradient of the air inlet and the air outlet, control the precooling speed in the fruit cooling process, realize quick temperature difference precooling before the kiwi fruits are put in the warehouse, avoid the use of exogenous hormones of the kiwi fruits, and be suitable for quick treatment after large-scale kiwi fruits are picked.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwi fruit ripening devices, relates to an oxygen-increasing ripening device for kiwi fruits and an operation method thereof, and particularly relates to a van-type kiwi fruit postharvest treatment device capable of realizing rapid temperature difference precooling before the kiwi fruits are warehoused and also realizing high-oxygen ripening after the kiwi fruits are delivered from the warehouse.
Background
The kiwi fruits are typical climacteric fruits, the fruit after-ripening runs through the whole process of transportation, storage, sale and consumption after picking, and in order to obtain good nutritional quality and edible impression, various factors such as temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and the like in the whole physiological process of after-ripening need to be effectively regulated and controlled. However, because the after-ripening process of the kiwi fruits is long, and the uncertainty of the time period from shipment of the low-temperature refrigerator to eating of the kiwi fruits by the consumer is large, in order to ensure the sales quality, most of kiwi fruits bought by the consumer are not finished after-ripening, the hardness of the fruits is high, and the kiwi fruits cannot be eaten instantly. Meanwhile, as part of physiological processes of fruit after-ripening are finished in the links of transportation, business excess, consumption and the like, environmental factors are in an uncontrollable state, the fruit quality is difficult to achieve expectation, and the taste is poor. The process approaches of rapid precooling before warehousing, cold storage in the production period and rapid ripening after ex-warehouse are adopted, so that the controllability of the after-ripening process of the kiwi fruits can be effectively enhanced.
Precooling after picking can reduce the respiratory intensity and physiological metabolism level of the kiwi fruit, and is beneficial to callus at the fruit stem, thereby being convenient for long-term storage. At present, the pre-cooling of picked kiwi fruits is to place the picked kiwi fruits in a shade place and place the kiwi fruits for 2 to 3 days to remove field heat, and the method has the following defects: firstly, the precooling is long in time consumption and greatly influenced by weather conditions, microorganisms are easy to invade from the fruit stalks during the precooling, and the fruit rotting rate is increased; secondly, the temperature of the fruit cores cannot be reduced to the expected requirement, and the storage period of the kiwi fruits can be shortened due to respiratory heat of the fruit cores after the kiwi fruits are put in storage. Therefore, a device for quickly pre-cooling picked fruits is needed to be designed, so that the cooling rate and the cooling uniformity of the picked fruits are improved, and the physiological state of the warehoused fruits is ensured to be uniform.
Exogenous ethylene is an artificially synthesized plant hormone and can accelerate the after-ripening and softening of kiwi fruits. At present, the effect of rapidly ripening kiwi fruits by exogenous ethylene is influenced by fruit varieties, maturity, processing time, processing temperature, ethylene concentration and the like, is difficult to be matched with the internal ripening physiology of the kiwi fruits, excessive exogenous ethylene is adopted to cause residue, so that the kiwi fruits are over-ripened, the quality of the kiwi fruits is influenced, the shelf life is shortened, economic loss is brought to dealers, and the eating experience of consumers is also influenced. The respiration, ethylene synthesis and energy charge changes of the kiwi fruits can be influenced by adjusting the oxygen concentration in the environment, so that the endogenous ethylene production rate is regulated, an after-ripening environment driven by the fruits is constructed, the primary metabolism of color, aroma and taste is realized, and the original quality and flavor of the fruits are maintained. The high-oxygen treatment is favorable for keeping higher vitamin, ascorbic acid and lipoxygenase levels, can avoid anaerobic respiration of fruits and vegetables and reduce generation and accumulation of peculiar smell substances, is a green, natural and residue-free ripening accelerating method, and accords with the consumption concept of green, health and safety. Therefore, a green, clean and controllable high-oxygen quick ripening device is needed to be designed, so that the ripening speed and the ripening degree controllability of kiwi fruits are improved, and the ripening time and the sale period of kiwi fruits are matched. Not only can the dealers be enabled to ripen at any time and come into the market in time according to market demands, but also the kiwifruit bought by the consumers can be enabled to be in an edible, instant and excellent state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an oxygenation ripening accelerating device for kiwi fruits and an operation method thereof, wherein the oxygenation accelerating device can adjust the temperature and humidity of a compartment body, can control the oxygen concentration, realizes effective regulation and control of the ripening accelerating speed and the ripening accelerating degree of the kiwi fruits, avoids the use of exogenous hormones of the kiwi fruits, and is suitable for ripening of large-scale kiwi fruits. In addition, the precooling speed of the fruit in the cooling process is controlled by adjusting the temperature difference gradient of the air inlet and the air outlet, and the quick temperature control precooling before the kiwi fruit is put in storage can be realized.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the oxygen increasing and ripening device for the kiwi fruits comprises three parts, namely an outer box body, an equipment cabin and a ripening box, wherein the outer box body is an integral shell, and the equipment cabin and the ripening box are separated by an outer partition plate. The equipment cabin comprises a refrigeration compressor, an oxygen generator, a water tank, a water pump and a control box, the ripening compartment comprises a storage area, an air suction area, an air return area, an air inlet area and a compartment door, the storage area and the air return area are separated by an inner partition plate, the air suction area comprises a lower partition net, an air suction fan, an air suction pipe, an air suction partition plate, an outlet air pressure sensor, an outlet oxygen concentration sensor and an outlet temperature and humidity sensor, the air return area comprises an oxygen nozzle, a humidifying nozzle and a heater, and the air inlet area comprises a heat exchange fan, a heat exchanger, a pressure fan, a top partition plate, an inlet air pressure sensor, an inlet oxygen concentration sensor and an inlet temperature and humidity sensor. The storage area is located in the center of the ripening compartment, the lower partition net is used as a bottom plate of the storage area, the air suction area is located below the storage area, the air inlet area is located above the storage area, the air return area is located on the inner side of the storage area, and the compartment door is located on the outer side of the storage area.
Furthermore, the air return zone is located between the storage zone and the equipment cabin and is formed by wrapping an outer box body, an outer partition plate and an inner partition plate, 3 air suction fans are installed at the bottom, the air outlet direction is upward, 4 heaters are fixed between the outer partition plate and the inner partition plate and located in one third of the total height of the air return zone, the oxygen nozzles and the humidifying nozzles are installed on the outer partition plate and lower than the heaters, the humidifying nozzles are close to the top, and the heat exchange fan is fixed at the top of the inner partition plate and connected with an air inlet of the heat exchanger.
Furthermore, a heat exchanger is arranged at the intersection of the air inlet area and the inner partition plate through an opening, an air outlet of the heat exchange fan is connected with the heat exchanger, and 8 pressure fans are uniformly arranged on the top partition plate. The upper surface of the top partition board is respectively provided with an inlet air pressure sensor, an inlet oxygen concentration sensor and an inlet temperature and humidity sensor, the inlet air pressure sensor is positioned in the middle of the top partition board, the inlet oxygen concentration sensor is close to an air outlet of the heat exchanger, and the inlet temperature and humidity sensor is close to the compartment door.
Furthermore, the air suction area comprises three air suction pipes and three partition plates, and the air suction area below the lower partition net is uniformly divided into 8 air suction areas. The breathing pipe is the hollow steel pipe of rectangle, and 8 rectangle openings are evenly seted up to two sides of middle breathing pipe, and the pipeline medial surface of the breathing pipe of railway carriage or compartment body both sides evenly sets up 4 rectangle openings, forms every divided suction area and corresponds 4 induction ports. An outlet air pressure sensor, an outlet oxygen concentration sensor and an outlet temperature and humidity sensor are respectively arranged below the lower separation net, wherein the outlet air pressure sensor is positioned in the center of the air suction area, the outlet oxygen concentration sensor is close to the compartment door, and the outlet temperature and humidity sensor is close to the inner partition plate.
Furthermore, the water tank, the water pump and the humidifying nozzle are connected through a hose to form a humidifying system. The refrigeration compressor and the heat exchanger are connected through a copper pipeline, and the heat exchange fan assists the heat exchanger to exchange heat to form a refrigeration cooling system. The oxygen generator and the oxygen nozzle form a high-concentration oxygen generating system. The electric cabinet is connected with an outlet air pressure sensor, an outlet oxygen concentration sensor, an outlet temperature and humidity sensor, an inlet air pressure sensor, an inlet oxygen concentration sensor, an inlet temperature and humidity sensor and an inlet air pressure sensor through lines, so that the detection of the environmental state in the ripening box is realized. The electric control box is connected with an oxygen generator, a water pump, an air suction fan, a heater, a heat exchange fan and a pressure fan through lines, and realizes the state control of working devices.
The operation method of the oxygen increasing and ripening device for the kiwi fruits comprises the following steps:
before beginning work, the kiwi fruit is held in the standard transportation frame that has the net, transports the frame and puts things in good order in the storage area, requires to transport the frame and fills whole storage area, and the biggest clearance is less than 1 centimetre, transports the frame and is greater than 0.3 meters apart from top baffle minimum distance, and the kiwi fruit closes the railway carriage or compartment door after filling with as required.
Under the working mode of quick high-oxygen ripening, the control system in the control box coordinates the work of the circulating air supply system, the high-concentration oxygen generation system, the humidification system and the heating system, and the refrigeration system is in a shutdown state. The heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan are sequentially started, circulating airflow is formed in the airflow channel, the airflow pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet is obtained through the inlet air pressure sensor and the outlet air pressure sensor, the rotating speeds of the heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan are adjusted, and the air pressure of an air inlet area is kept to be 10-45kPa higher than that of an air suction area. Because the temperature of the kiwi fruits transferred out of the refrigeration house is 0-4 ℃, after the airflow circulation is normal, the heating system is started, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of the inlet airflow and the outlet airflow are obtained through the inlet temperature and humidity sensor and the outlet temperature and humidity sensor, the heating intensity of the heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference, the temperature difference between the air inlet area and the air suction area is ensured to be less than 4 ℃, the highest temperature of the airflow is 30 ℃, the humidifying system starts the water pump timely according to the humidity difference between the air inlet area and the air suction area, atomized fog drops are sprayed into the air return area through the humidifying nozzle, and the humidity of the airflow in the compartment is maintained to be 60%. The oxygen concentration control system starts the oxygen generator to generate oxygen with the concentration of 95%, the oxygen generator is controlled to inject the generated high-concentration oxygen into the air return area through the oxygen nozzle through the inlet oxygen concentration sensor and the outlet oxygen concentration sensor, the oxygen concentration in the ripening box is increased progressively according to the set gradient, and the working air flow sets the oxygen concentration to circulate. In the ripening operation, according to the condition that a quality difference system is within the oxygen concentration range of 21-58%, any oxygen concentration range is stably worked, the error range of the oxygen concentration of the concentration value is set to be +/-2%, and the period of the rapid high-oxygen ripening operation of the kiwi fruits which are taken out of the warehouse at the temperature of 0 ℃ is 6-10 hours.
Under the rapid temperature difference precooling working mode, the control system in the control box coordinates the circulating air supply system and the refrigerating system to jointly participate in working, and the high-concentration oxygen generation system, the humidifying system and the heating system are in a shutdown state. The heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan are sequentially started, circulating airflow is formed in the airflow channel, the airflow pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet is obtained through the inlet air pressure sensor and the outlet air pressure sensor, the rotating speeds of the heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan are adjusted, and the air pressure of an air inlet area is maintained to be 20-60kPa higher than that of an air suction area. After the airflow circulation is normal, a refrigerating system is started, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of inlet and outlet airflows are obtained through an inlet temperature and humidity sensor and the refrigerating intensity is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of a heat exchange fan and the power of a refrigerating compressor according to the temperature difference, the airflow temperature difference between an air inlet area and an air suction area is ensured to operate at a set value (the temperature difference range is 1-12 ℃), the error range of the temperature difference value is set to +/-1 ℃ under any stable working temperature difference value, and the target temperature of rapid temperature difference precooling of the warehoused kiwi fruits is 0 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the storage area, the air suction area, the air return area and the air inlet area form a circulating airflow channel, and form clockwise circulating airflow under the action of the air suction fan, the heat exchange fan and the air inlet fan. The refrigeration compressor, the heat exchange fan and the heat exchanger can realize the cooling of the circulating air flow. The oxygen nozzle can improve the oxygen concentration of the circulating airflow. The heater can realize the temperature rise of the circulating airflow. The humidifying nozzle can improve the air humidity of the circulating air flow. Storage area 1 be used for placing the kiwi fruit of treating that holds by the frame is transported to the mesh formula. The lower separation net has a ventilation effect and is used for supporting the transfer frame.
The invention can realize the oxygen concentration control, the air temperature control and the air humidity control of the circulating airflow in the kiwi fruit storage area.
The invention can independently start the temperature control function, realize the set temperature difference between the air flow of the air inlet channel and the air flow of the air suction channel, and complete the rapid temperature control precooling before the kiwi fruit is put in storage.
The invention can independently start the oxygen concentration control function, realize the circulation of the air flow in the storage area by setting the oxygen concentration, and complete the rapid high-oxygen ripening of the kiwi fruits when the kiwi fruits are taken out of the warehouse.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the kiwi fruit oxygenation and ripening device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top structure view of the oxygen increasing and ripening device for kiwi fruits of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom structure view of the oxygen increasing and ripening device for kiwi fruits of the present invention;
the device comprises an outer box body 1, an equipment cabin 2, a ripening chamber 3, an outer partition plate 4, an inner partition plate 5, a refrigeration compressor 6, an oxygen generator 7, a water tank 8, a water pump 9, a control box 10, a storage area 11, an air suction area 12, an air return area 13, an air inlet area 14, a chamber door 15, a lower partition net 16, an air suction fan 17, an air suction pipe 18, an air suction partition plate 19, an outlet air pressure sensor 20, an outlet oxygen concentration sensor 21, an outlet temperature and humidity sensor 22, an oxygen nozzle 23, a humidifying nozzle 24, a heater 25, a heat exchange fan 26, a heat exchanger 27, a pressure fan 28, a top partition plate 29, an inlet air pressure sensor 30, an inlet oxygen concentration sensor 31 and an inlet temperature and humidity sensor 32.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The oxygen increasing and ripening device for the kiwi fruits takes a cuboid outer box body 1 as a shell, and the right end face of the oxygen increasing and ripening device is provided with two outwards opened compartment doors 15. An outer partition plate 4 is welded and installed at the position 0.8 m on the left side in the outer box body 1, so that the inner cavity of the outer box body 1 is divided into an equipment cabin 2 and a ripening chamber 3.
The equipment cabin 2 is divided into three layers, a control box 10 and an oxygen generator 7 are arranged on the upper layer, a water tank 8 and a water pump 9 are arranged on the middle layer, and a refrigeration compressor 6 is arranged on the lower layer. The ripening box 3 comprises a storage area 11, an air suction area 12, an air return area 13 and an air inlet area 14, wherein the air tightness of the areas needs to be kept after a box door 15 is closed, an outer partition plate 4 is welded and installed at a position 0.6 m away from the right side of an inner partition plate 5, and heat insulation materials are arranged on the inner surface of the ripening box 3, including the outer partition plate 4, the inner partition plate 5 and the surface of the box door 15 facing the storage area 11.
The air return area 13 is located between the storage area 11 and the equipment cabin 2, a cuboid cavity is formed by wrapping an outer box 1, an outer partition plate 4 and an inner partition plate 5, 3 air suction fans 17 are respectively installed at the end parts of 3 air suction pipes at the bottom of the air return area 13, the air outlet direction is upward, 4 heaters 25 are bridged between the outer partition plate 4 and the inner partition plate 5 through wall supports, the distance from the bottom surface of the air return area 13 is 0.8 meter, 3 oxygen nozzles 23 and 4 humidifying nozzles 24 are all installed on the outer partition plate 4, the distance from the oxygen nozzles 23 to the top is 1 meter, the distance from the humidifying nozzles 24 to the top is 0.5 meter, and a heat exchange fan 26 is fixed at the top of the inner partition plate 5 and is connected with an air inlet of a heat exchanger 27.
As shown in fig. 2, the air intake area 14 is located above the storage area 11, and a top partition 29 is installed by ceiling technology to form an air-tight chamber for intake air. The heat exchanger 27 is installed at the intersection of the air inlet area 14 and the inner partition plate 5 through an opening, the air outlet of the heat exchange fan 26 is connected with the heat exchanger 27, and air flow blown out by the heat exchange fan 26 enters the cavity of the air inlet area 14 after being cooled by the heat exchanger 27 and is further uniform in temperature. 8 forced draught fans 28 of equipartition installation on the baffle 29 of top insufflate the kiwi fruit that the storage area 11 was placed by the transportation frame. The inlet air pressure sensor 30, the inlet oxygen concentration sensor 31 and the inlet temperature and humidity sensor 32 are all installed on the upper surface of the top partition plate 29 to obtain air parameters in the air inlet area 14.
As shown in fig. 3, the suction area 12 is located below the storage area 11, and includes 3 suction pipes 18 and 3 partitions 19, which divide the suction area 12 below the lower partition 16 into 8 independent suction areas. The air suction pipes 18 are rectangular hollow steel pipes, 8 rectangular openings are uniformly formed in two side faces of the middle air suction pipe 18, 4 rectangular openings are uniformly formed in the inner side faces of the pipelines of the air suction pipes 18 on the two sides of the carriage body, and each separated air suction area corresponds to 4 air suction ports. The lower separation net 16 is laid on the 3 air suction pipes 18 and made of steel mesh partition plates, so that air flow can pass through the lower separation net, and fruit frames placed in the storage area are supported. An outlet air pressure sensor 20, an outlet oxygen concentration sensor 21 and an outlet temperature and humidity sensor 22 are respectively arranged below the lower partition net 16, wherein the outlet air pressure sensor 20 is located in the center of the air suction area 12, the outlet oxygen concentration sensor 21 is close to the compartment door 15, and the outlet temperature and humidity sensor 22 is close to the inner partition plate 5, so that air parameters in the air suction area 14 are obtained.
Particularly, the storage area 11, the suction area 12, the return area 13 and the intake area 14 form a circulating airflow channel, the suction fan 17, the heat exchange fan 26 and the intake fan 28 drive air to form circulating airflow, and the circulating airflow channel and 3 groups of driving fans jointly form a circulating air supply system. The air cooling system composed of the refrigeration compressor 6, the heat exchange fan 26 and the heat exchanger 27 is used for reducing the temperature of the circulating air flow. The oxygen generator 7 and the oxygen nozzle 23 form a high-concentration oxygen generating system to improve the oxygen concentration of the circulating air flow. The humidifying system formed by the water tank 8, the water pump 9 and the humidifying nozzle 24 improves the air humidity of the circulating air flow. The heater 25 heats the air flow passing through to increase the temperature of the circulating air flow in the ripening chamber 3.
Device operation implementation
Before beginning work, the kiwi fruit is held in the standard transportation frame that has the net, transports the frame and puts things in good order in storage area 11, requires to transport the frame and fills whole storage area 11, and the biggest clearance is less than 1 centimetre, transports the frame and is greater than 0.3 meters apart from 29 minimum distances in top baffle, and the kiwi fruit closes railway carriage or compartment door 15 after filling as required.
The van-type high-oxygen ripening device for kiwi fruits can be independently started to operate in a fast high-oxygen ripening mode, and the circulation of the air flow in the storage area by setting the oxygen concentration (within the range of 21-58%) is realized through the airflow oxygen concentration control function, so that the fast high-oxygen ripening of kiwi fruits when the kiwi fruits are taken out of the warehouse is completed.
Under the working mode of rapid high-oxygen ripening, the control system in the control box 10 coordinates the circulating air supply system, the high-concentration oxygen generation system, the humidification system and the heating system to jointly participate in the work, and the refrigeration system is in a shutdown state. The heat exchange fan 26, the air suction fan 17 and the pressure fan 28 are sequentially started to form circulating air flow in the air flow channel, the inlet and outlet air flow pressure difference is obtained through the inlet air pressure sensor 30 and the outlet air pressure sensor 20, the rotating speed of the heat exchange fan 26, the air suction fan 17 and the pressure fan 28 is adjusted, and the air pressure of the air inlet area 14 is kept 10-45kPa higher than that of the air suction area 12. Because the temperature of the kiwi fruits transferred from the refrigeration house is 0-4 ℃, after the airflow circulation is normal, the heating system is started, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of the inlet airflow and the outlet airflow are obtained through the inlet temperature and humidity sensor 32 and the outlet temperature and humidity sensor 22, the heating intensity of the heater 25 is adjusted according to the temperature difference, the temperature difference between the air inlet area 14 and the air suction area 12 is ensured to be less than 4 ℃, the highest airflow temperature is 30 ℃, the humidifying system starts the water pump 9 in due time according to the humidity difference between the air inlet area 14 and the air suction area 12, and atomized fog drops are sprayed into the air return area 13 through the humidifying nozzle 24 to maintain the humidity of the airflow in the compartment to be 60%. The oxygen concentration control system starts the oxygen generator 7 to generate oxygen with the concentration of 95%, the oxygen generator 7 is controlled to inject the generated high-concentration oxygen into the air return area 13 through the oxygen nozzle 23 through the inlet oxygen concentration sensor 31 and the outlet oxygen concentration sensor 21, the oxygen concentration in the ripening box 3 is increased progressively according to the set gradient, and the working air flow sets the oxygen concentration to circulate. In the ripening operation, according to the quality difference system within the oxygen concentration range of 21-58%, stably working within any oxygen concentration range, setting the error range of the oxygen concentration of the concentration value to be +/-2%, and carrying out the rapid high-oxygen ripening operation of the kiwi fruits taken out of the warehouse at 0 ℃ for 6-10 hours.
The van-type kiwi fruit high-oxygen ripening device can independently start a quick temperature difference precooling working mode, achieves the setting of the temperature gradient (the temperature difference range is 1-6 ℃) of air flow of the air inlet channel and the air flow of the air inlet channel through the air flow temperature control function, and achieves the quick precooling of kiwi fruits by the set temperature difference when the kiwi fruits are put in storage.
Under the fast temperature difference precooling working mode, the control system in the control box 10 coordinates the circulating air supply system and the refrigerating system to jointly participate in the work, and the high-concentration oxygen generation system, the humidifying system and the heating system are in the shutdown state. The heat exchange fan 26, the air suction fan 17 and the pressure fan 28 are sequentially started to form circulating air flow in the air flow channel, the inlet and outlet air flow pressure difference is obtained through the inlet air pressure sensor 30 and the outlet air pressure sensor 20, the rotating speeds of the heat exchange fan 26, the air suction fan 17 and the pressure fan 28 are adjusted, and the air flow pressure of the air inlet area 14 is maintained to be 20-60kPa higher than that of the air suction area 12. After the airflow circulation is normal, a refrigerating system is started, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of the inlet airflow and the outlet airflow are obtained through an inlet temperature and humidity sensor 32 and an outlet temperature and humidity sensor 22, the refrigerating intensity is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of a heat exchange fan 26 and the power of a refrigerating compressor 6 according to the temperature difference, the temperature difference between the air inlet area 14 and the air suction area 12 is ensured to operate at a set value (the temperature difference range is 1-12 ℃), the error range of the temperature difference value is set to be +/-1 ℃ under any stable working temperature difference value, and the target temperature of rapid temperature difference precooling of the warehoused kiwi fruits is 0 ℃.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An operation method of an oxygenation ripening device for kiwi fruits comprises the following steps: the outer box is an integral shell, and the equipment cabin and the ripening compartment are separated by an outer partition plate; the equipment cabin comprises a refrigeration compressor, an oxygen generator, a water tank, a water pump and a control box, the ripening compartment comprises a storage area, an air suction area, an air return area, an air inlet area and a compartment door, the storage area and the air return area are separated by an inner partition plate, the air suction area comprises a lower partition net, an air suction fan, an air suction pipe, an air suction partition plate, an outlet air pressure sensor, an outlet oxygen concentration sensor and an outlet temperature and humidity sensor, the air return area comprises an oxygen nozzle, a humidifying nozzle and a heater, and the air inlet area comprises a heat exchange fan, a heat exchanger, a pressure fan, a top partition plate, an inlet air pressure sensor, an inlet oxygen concentration sensor and an inlet temperature and humidity sensor; the storage area is positioned in the center of the ripening compartment, the lower partition net is used as a bottom plate of the storage area, the air suction area is positioned below the storage area, the air inlet area is positioned above the storage area, the air return area is positioned on the inner side of the storage area, and the compartment door is positioned on the outer side of the storage area, and the operation method comprises the following steps:
before the kiwi fruit transport device starts to work, the kiwi fruit is placed in a standard transport frame with grids, the transport frame is stacked in a storage area, the transport frame is required to fill the whole storage area, the maximum gap is smaller than 1 cm, the minimum distance between the transport frame and a top partition plate is larger than 0.3 m, and a compartment door is closed after the kiwi fruit is filled as required;
under the working mode of rapid high-oxygen ripening, the control system in the control box coordinates the work of the circulating air supply system, the high-concentration oxygen generation system, the humidification system and the heating system, and the refrigeration system is in a shutdown state; starting the heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan in sequence, forming circulating airflow in the airflow channel, acquiring airflow pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet through the inlet air pressure sensor and the outlet air pressure sensor, adjusting the rotating speed of the heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan, and maintaining the air inlet area to be 10-45kPa higher than the airflow pressure of the air suction area; because the temperature of the kiwi fruit transferred from the refrigeration house is 0-4 ℃, after the airflow circulation is normal, the heating system is started, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of the airflow at the inlet and the outlet are obtained through the inlet temperature and humidity sensor and the outlet temperature and humidity sensor, the heating intensity of the heater is adjusted according to the temperature difference, the temperature difference between the air inlet area and the air suction area is ensured to be less than 4 ℃, the highest temperature of the airflow is 30 ℃, the humidifying system is started up the water pump in due time according to the humidity difference between the air inlet area and the air suction area, atomized fog drops are sprayed into the air return area through the humidifying nozzle, and the humidity of the airflow in the carriage is maintained to be 60%; the oxygen concentration control system starts the oxygen generator to generate oxygen with the concentration of 95%, and controls the oxygen generator to inject the generated high-concentration oxygen into the air return area through the oxygen nozzle by the inlet oxygen concentration sensor and the outlet oxygen concentration sensor, so that the oxygen concentration in the ripening box is gradually increased according to the set gradient, and the working air flow sets the oxygen concentration to circulate; in the ripening operation, according to the fact that a quality difference system is within an oxygen concentration range of 21-58%, any oxygen concentration range works stably, the error range of the oxygen concentration of the concentration value is set to be +/-2%, and the period of the rapid high-oxygen ripening operation of the kiwi fruits discharged from a warehouse at the temperature of 0 ℃ is 6-10 hours;
under the rapid temperature difference precooling working mode, the control system in the control box coordinates the circulating air supply system and the refrigerating system to jointly participate in working, and the high-concentration oxygen generation system, the humidifying system and the heating system are in a shutdown state; starting the heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan in sequence, forming a circulating air flow in the air flow channel, acquiring the air flow pressure difference between an inlet and an outlet through the inlet air pressure sensor and the outlet air pressure sensor, adjusting the rotating speed of the heat exchange fan, the air suction fan and the pressure fan, and maintaining the air inlet area to be 20-60kPa higher than the air flow pressure of the air suction area; after the airflow circulation is normal, a refrigerating system is started, the temperature difference and the humidity difference of the inlet airflow and the outlet airflow are obtained through an inlet temperature and humidity sensor and an outlet temperature and humidity sensor, the refrigerating intensity is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of a heat exchange fan and the power of a refrigerating compressor according to the temperature difference, the operation of the airflow temperature difference between an air inlet area and an air suction area in a set temperature difference range of 1-12 ℃ is ensured, the error range of the temperature difference value is set to be +/-1 ℃ under any stable working temperature difference value, and the target temperature of the rapid temperature difference precooling of the kiwi fruits stored in the warehouse is 0 ℃.
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| CN104642514A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-27 | 姜芬 | Air-conditioning preservation and cold storage method for kiwi fruits |
| CN111616208A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-04 | 周至县姚力果业专业合作社 | Temperature-changing ripening method for picked kiwi fruits |
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| AU2571571A (en) * | 1971-02-22 | 1972-08-24 | BANANA CONTROL, INC. GERALD F. McDONNELL and | Method amd apparatus for ripening fruit andthe like |
| JP5268172B2 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社サミット神戸合同物産 | Banana ripening processing method and ripening processing system |
| CN205030436U (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-02-17 | 湖南金鹰果业有限公司 | Differential orange device that accelerates ripening |
| EP3797597A1 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-03-31 | Wirth, Roland | Maturing chamber and method for maturing astringent fruits |
| CN111357806A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-03 | 胡建新 | Container formula fruit vegetables device of ripening |
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| CN104642514A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-27 | 姜芬 | Air-conditioning preservation and cold storage method for kiwi fruits |
| CN111616208A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-04 | 周至县姚力果业专业合作社 | Temperature-changing ripening method for picked kiwi fruits |
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