CN112968850A - Weak BPSK signal carrier capturing method - Google Patents

Weak BPSK signal carrier capturing method Download PDF

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CN112968850A
CN112968850A CN202110185111.4A CN202110185111A CN112968850A CN 112968850 A CN112968850 A CN 112968850A CN 202110185111 A CN202110185111 A CN 202110185111A CN 112968850 A CN112968850 A CN 112968850A
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module
carrier
change rate
integral
sampling
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金磊
王媛
曾富华
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CETC 10 Research Institute
Southwest Electronic Technology Institute No 10 Institute of Cetc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
    • H04L27/14—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/10—Frequency-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using frequency-shift keying
    • H04L27/16—Frequency regulation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
    • H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
    • H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset

Abstract

The weak BPSK signal carrier capturing method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of good processing real-time property, small measurement error, high estimation accuracy and low adaptive signal-to-noise ratio in a weak signal environment. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the ping-pong cache module processes the sampling data output by the filtering sampling module in a quasi-real time manner through ping-pong read-write control; the compensation correction module performs compensation correction of carrier Doppler change rate on the sampling data read out in the reverse order; the carrier recovery module completes nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module through time-delay complex multiplication operation; the peak value searching module searches all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslots to obtain an integral peak value and a self-adaptive detection threshold; the detection calculation module compares and judges the integral peak value and the self-adaptive detection threshold, detects the existence condition of the BPSK signal in the received signal, and obtains the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate of the received signal at the current moment through calculation correction.

Description

Weak BPSK signal carrier capturing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a weak Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) signal carrier capturing method.
Technical Field
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) signals are used as a linear digital modulation signal, which is a digital modulation mode in which the Phase of a carrier wave under Keying is changed according to baseband pulses, and more commonly, binary Phase Shift Keying (2 PSK) signals, i.e., Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) signals are used as the simplest one in a PSK signal series, two signals with 180 ° Phase difference and orthogonal are used to represent 0 and 1, digital information is transmitted by using the Phase change of the carrier wave, and the amplitude and frequency remain unchanged.
In wireless communication, the distance between a transmitting end and a receiving end is very far away, a transmission distance (tens of thousands or even hundreds of millions of kilometers) can cause huge path fading, complex factors such as obstacle occlusion, serious multipath, signal interference and the like are considered, the receiving power of a signal is seriously attenuated due to various channel losses and is generally completely submerged in various strong noises, the signal sent by the transmitting end is very weak, the carrier-to-noise ratio is extremely low, the receiving and demodulation are very difficult, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal can be improved to the signal-to-noise ratio capable of being stably judged only by long-time integral accumulation processing.
The traditional BPSK signal carrier capturing method directly performs square processing on sampling data of a received signal to achieve carrier recovery, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is adopted to complete time-frequency transformation, and finally, carrier frequency is obtained through peak value searching and frequency resolving. Although the traditional capturing method can receive weak signals with low signal to noise ratio, the precision is poor, the processing speed is slow, the traditional capturing method directly carries out square processing on the sampled data to cause huge gain loss, in order to compensate the huge gain loss, the traditional capturing method generally adopts a means of reducing the sampling rate and improving the frequency resolution to improve the processing gain, but because the mutual influence of the extremely low signal to noise ratio and the Doppler frequency change is difficult to overcome, the effect is not ideal, the measurement of the carrier Doppler frequency shift is only realized, the frequency error caused by high-speed maneuvering of a target, processing time delay and the like is not corrected, the mutual influence between high dynamic and low signal to noise ratios cannot be overcome, the real-time performance of frequency measurement processing is low, the frequency measurement precision is poor, and the carrier capturing performance requirement of weak BPSK signals cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects of the traditional BPSK signal carrier capturing method and the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the weak BPSK signal carrier capturing method which has good processing real-time property, small measurement error and high estimation accuracy under the weak signal environment, and can accurately, quickly and effectively capture the carrier frequency of the weak BPSK signal in the application scenes of high dynamic, low signal to noise ratio and the like.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following introduction, a weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method, comprising: adopt filtering sampling module, ping-pong buffer module, compensation correction module, carrier recovery module, FFT frequency measurement module, peak search module and detection to resolve the module, wherein: the filtering and sampling module carries out down-sampling processing on the received signal; the ping-pong cache module processes the sampling data output by the filtering sampling module in a quasi-real time manner by adopting a ping-pong read-write control method; the compensation correction module divides the carrier Doppler change rate range into a plurality of change rate subslots, and performs complex multiplication operation by using the generated local carrier and the sampling data read in a reverse order to compensate and correct the carrier Doppler change rate of the sampling data; the carrier recovery module performs nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module by adopting a time delay complex multiplication operation method; the FFT frequency measurement module carries out fast Fourier transform on the sampling data output by the carrier recovery module to obtain integral data; the peak value searching module obtains an integral peak value, the turn of the integral peak value and the index of the integral peak value by adopting a comparison searching method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslots, performs weighted average on all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in the change rate subslots in which the integral peak value is positioned, and obtains a self-adaptive detection threshold by combining a detection threshold proportional factor; the detection and calculation module compares and judges the integral peak value output by the peak value search module with a self-adaptive detection threshold, detects the existence condition of the BPSK signal in the received signal, and obtains the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate of the received signal at the current moment through calculation and correction.
Compared with the traditional BPSK signal carrier capturing method, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the processing is real-time. Aiming at the problems of low capture probability and high complexity of weak BPSK signal carriers, the ping-pong cache module adopts a ping-pong read-write control method for the sampled data, a reverse order mode is adopted to read the sampled data, and the detection calculation module corrects the data processing time to obtain the carrier frequency of the received signal at the current moment.
The adaptive signal-to-noise ratio is low. The compensation correction module divides the carrier Doppler change rate range into a plurality of change rate subslots, and performs complex multiplication operation by using the generated local carrier and sampling data read in a reverse order to complete compensation correction of the carrier Doppler change rate and reduce gain loss formed by spectrum broadening; the carrier recovery module adopts a time-delay complex multiplication operation method to complete nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module, so that the gain loss caused by the nonlinear transformation is reduced.
The frequency measurement precision is high. The invention adopts the change rate compensation correction and the fast Fourier transform to realize the double measurement of the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate, and obtains the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate of the received signal at the current moment according to the signal sampling time and the data processing time correction, thereby further improving the measurement precision of the carrier frequency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition principle of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the filtering and sampling module in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the compensation correction module in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the carrier recovery module in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
See fig. 1. According to the invention, a filtering sampling module, a ping-pong cache module, a compensation correction module, a carrier recovery module, an FFT frequency measurement module, a peak search module and a detection calculation module are adopted, wherein: the filtering and sampling module carries out down-sampling processing on the received signal; the ping-pong cache module processes the sampling data output by the filtering sampling module in a quasi-real time manner by adopting a ping-pong read-write control method; the compensation correction module divides the carrier Doppler change rate range into a plurality of change rate subslots, and performs complex multiplication operation by using the generated local carrier and the sampling data read in a reverse order to compensate and correct the carrier Doppler change rate of the sampling data; the carrier recovery module performs nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module by adopting a time delay complex multiplication operation method; the FFT frequency measurement module carries out fast Fourier transform on the sampling data output by the carrier recovery module to obtain integral data; the peak value searching module obtains an integral peak value, the turn of the integral peak value and the index of the integral peak value by adopting a comparison searching method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslots, performs weighted average on all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in the change rate subslots in which the integral peak value is positioned, and obtains a self-adaptive detection threshold by combining a detection threshold proportional factor; the detection and calculation module compares and judges the integral peak value output by the peak value search module with a self-adaptive detection threshold, detects the existence condition of the BPSK signal in the received signal, and obtains the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate of the received signal at the current moment through calculation and correction.
See fig. 2. The filtering sampling module is according to the system working clock fsysSum signal sampling frequency fsampUsing the calculation formula Ksamp＝fsamp/fsys×232Carrying out data conversion to obtain a data sampling frequency control word KsampGenerating a zero clearing pulse by a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), continuously accumulating a received signal by an accumulator, outputting a data accumulated value when the zero clearing pulse is effective, integrating and clearing the accumulator, circulating the process, finishing down-sampling processing on the received signal, writing the sampled data into a ping-pong cache module by adopting a positive sequence mode, when the total number of the sampled data exceeds N +1, taking N as the number of fast Fourier transform points, switching the cache space of the sampled data by adopting a ping-pong read-write control method, starting a data processing state, and processing the received signal in a quasi-real time manner.
See fig. 3. The compensation correction module divides the carrier Doppler change rate range into L +1 change rate subslots from the minimum carrier Doppler change rate
Figure BDA0002942769690000031
Searching in sequence to maximum carrier Doppler rate of change
Figure BDA0002942769690000032
Carrier doppler rate of change search stepping
Figure BDA0002942769690000041
Carrier Doppler change rate search round L ∈ (0, 1., L-1), and carrier Doppler change rate f in change rate subslotrateIs composed of
Figure BDA0002942769690000042
Using a calculation formula Krate＝frate×(232/fsamp)2Data conversion is carried out to obtain a carrier Doppler change rate control word KrateTo K forrateAccumulating twice to obtain the query address, generating the local carrier wave of carrier wave Doppler change rate by address mapping and table look-up, and adopting the reverse order modeAnd reading the sampling data from the ping-pong buffer module, and performing complex multiplication operation by using the generated local carrier and the read sampling data to complete compensation and correction of the Doppler change rate of the carrier.
See fig. 4. And the carrier recovery module delays the sampling data output by the compensation correction module by a system working clock, performs complex multiplication operation on the delayed sampling data and the next sampling data output by the compensation correction module, and completes nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module, wherein Y (k) output data of the carrier recovery module is X (k) xX (k +1), wherein X (k) is the sampling data output by the compensation correction module, and k is an output index of the carrier recovery module and meets the requirement that k belongs to (0,1, …, N-1).
The FFT frequency measurement module carries out N-point fast Fourier transform on the sampling data Y (k) output by the carrier recovery module to obtain integral data Z (k), and then the carrier Doppler frequency shift measurement precision fresIs fsampData processing time t,/2/NdealIs (L +1) × (N +1)/fsys。
The peak value searching module obtains an integral peak value Z by adopting a comparison searching method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslotsvppThe round of the integral peak lvppAnd the index k at which the integral peak is locatedvppObtaining an integral mean value Z by adopting a weighted average method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measurement module in the subslot where the integral peak value is positionedmeanCombined with a detection threshold scale factor kthrAccording to the formula of calculation Zthr＝kthr×ZmeanObtaining an adaptive detection threshold Zthr。
The detection resolving module integrates the peak value ZvppWith adaptive detection threshold ZthrMaking a comparison decision if Zvpp<ZthrWhen it is, it indicates that no BPSK signal is present in the received signal, if Zvpp≥ZthrWhen the BPSK signal exists in the received signal, the integral peak value is located in the index kvppResolving carrier Doppler shift
Figure BDA0002942769690000043
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002942769690000044
According to the round l of integral peak valuevppResolving carrier Doppler shift
Figure BDA0002942769690000045
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002942769690000046
Combined data processing time tdealCorrecting to obtain the carrier Doppler frequency shift of the received signal at the current moment
Figure BDA0002942769690000047
Is composed of
Figure BDA0002942769690000048
Carrier doppler rate of change
Figure BDA0002942769690000049
Is composed of
Figure BDA00029427696900000410
The following is a concrete analysis by way of example:
the received signal is BPSK signal, the modulation symbol rate is 100.0kbps, the system working clock is 120MHz, the carrier Doppler frequency shift range is +/-180.0 kHz, and the carrier Doppler change rate range is +/-7.5 kHz/s.
Signal sampling frequency fsamp1.0MHz, the number N of fast Fourier transform points is 65536, and the measurement precision f of carrier Doppler frequency shiftresAbout 7.63 Hz; subdividing the carrier Doppler change rate range into 151 change rate subslots in total, sequentially searching from the minimum carrier Doppler change rate of-7.5 kHz/s to the maximum carrier Doppler change rate of +7.5kHz/s, and searching for the carrier Doppler change rate in a stepping manner
Figure BDA0002942769690000051
Is 100 Hz/s; the carrier recovery module adopts a method of time-delay complex multiplication operation to output to the compensation correction moduleCarrying out nonlinear transformation on the sampled data; the FFT frequency measurement module carries out fast Fourier transform on the sampling data output by the carrier recovery module; the peak value searching module obtains an integral peak value Z by adopting a comparison searching method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslotsvppThe round of the integral peak lvppAnd the index k at which the integral peak is locatedvppAdopting a weighted average method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measurement module in the change rate subslot where the integral peak value is positioned, and combining a detection threshold proportional factor kappathrObtaining an adaptive detection threshold Zthr(ii) a The detection resolving module integrates the peak value ZvppWith adaptive detection threshold ZthrAnd performing comparison and judgment, detecting the existence condition of the BPSK signal in the received signal, and resolving and correcting to obtain the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate of the received signal at the current moment.
Test analysis and verification: in the application scenario, when the signal-to-noise ratio SNR of the received signal is greater than-8.0 dB, the successful detection probability of the BPSK signal is better than 99.5%, the measurement error of the carrier doppler shift is less than ± 10.0Hz, and the measurement error of the carrier doppler change rate is less than ± 100.0 Hz/s.
The above detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention used herein, is merely intended to facilitate the understanding of the methods and apparatuses of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A weak BPSK signal carrier capturing method is characterized in that: adopt filtering sampling module, ping-pong buffer module, compensation correction module, carrier recovery module, FFT frequency measurement module, peak search module and detection to resolve the module, wherein: the filtering and sampling module carries out down-sampling processing on the received signal; the ping-pong cache module processes the sampling data output by the filtering sampling module in a quasi-real time manner by adopting a ping-pong read-write control method; the compensation correction module divides the carrier Doppler change rate range into a plurality of change rate subslots, and performs complex multiplication operation by using the generated local carrier and the sampling data read in a reverse order to compensate and correct the carrier Doppler change rate of the sampling data; the carrier recovery module performs nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module by adopting a time delay complex multiplication operation method; the FFT frequency measurement module carries out fast Fourier transform on the sampling data output by the carrier recovery module to obtain integral data; the peak value searching module obtains an integral peak value, the turn of the integral peak value and the index of the integral peak value by adopting a comparison searching method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslots, performs weighted average on all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in the change rate subslots in which the integral peak value is positioned, and obtains a self-adaptive detection threshold by combining a detection threshold proportional factor; the detection and calculation module compares and judges the integral peak value output by the peak value search module with a self-adaptive detection threshold, detects the existence condition of the BPSK signal in the received signal, and obtains the carrier Doppler frequency shift and the carrier Doppler change rate of the received signal at the current moment through calculation and correction.
2. The weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method of claim 1, wherein: the filtering sampling module is according to the system working clock fsysSum signal sampling frequency fsampUsing the calculation formula Ksamp＝fsamp/fsys×232Carrying out data conversion to obtain a data sampling frequency control word KsampGenerating a zero clearing pulse by a direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), continuously accumulating a received signal by an accumulator, outputting a data accumulated value when the zero clearing pulse is effective, integrating and clearing the accumulator, circulating the process, finishing down-sampling processing on the received signal, writing the sampled data into a ping-pong cache module by adopting a positive sequence mode, when the total number of the sampled data exceeds N +1, taking N as the number of fast Fourier transform points, switching the cache space of the sampled data by adopting a ping-pong read-write control method, starting a data processing state, and processing the received signal in a quasi-real time manner.
3. The weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method of claim 1, wherein: the compensation correction module divides the carrier Doppler change rate range into L +1 change rate subslots from the minimum carrier Doppler change rate
Figure FDA0002942769680000011
Searching in sequence to maximum carrier Doppler rate of change
Figure FDA0002942769680000012
Carrier doppler rate of change search stepping
Figure FDA0002942769680000013
Carrier Doppler change rate search round L ∈ (0, 1., L-1), and carrier Doppler change rate f in change rate subslotrateIs composed of
Figure FDA0002942769680000014
Using a calculation formula Krate＝frate×(232/fsamp)2Data conversion is carried out to obtain a carrier Doppler change rate control word KrateTo K forrateAnd accumulating twice to obtain a query address, generating a local carrier of the carrier Doppler change rate by address mapping and table lookup, reading sampling data from a ping-pong cache module in a reverse order mode, and performing complex multiplication operation by using the generated local carrier and the read sampling data to complete compensation and correction of the carrier Doppler change rate.
4. The weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method of claim 1, wherein: and the carrier recovery module delays the sampling data output by the compensation correction module by a system working clock, performs complex multiplication operation on the delayed sampling data and the next sampling data output by the compensation correction module, and completes nonlinear transformation on the sampling data output by the compensation correction module, wherein Y (k) output data of the carrier recovery module is X (k) xX (k +1), wherein X (k) is the sampling data output by the compensation correction module, and k is an output index of the carrier recovery module and meets the requirement that k belongs to (0,1, …, N-1).
5. The weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method of claim 1, wherein: the FFT frequency measurement module carries out N-point fast Fourier transform on the sampling data Y (k) output by the carrier recovery module to obtain integral data Z (k), and then the carrier Doppler frequency shift measurement precision fresIs fsampData processing time t,/2/NdealIs (L +1) × (N +1)/fsys。
6. The weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method of claim 1, wherein: the peak value searching module obtains an integral peak value Z by adopting a comparison searching method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measuring module in all change rate subslotsvppThe round of the integral peak lvppAnd the index k at which the integral peak is locatedvppObtaining an integral mean value Z by adopting a weighted average method for all integral data output by the FFT frequency measurement module in the subslot where the integral peak value is positionedmeanCombined with a detection threshold scale factor kthrAccording to the formula of calculation Zthr＝kthr×ZmeanObtaining an adaptive detection threshold Zthr。
7. The weak BPSK signal carrier acquisition method of claim 1, wherein: the detection resolving module integrates the peak value ZvppWith adaptive detection threshold ZthrMaking a comparison decision if Zvpp<ZthrWhen it is, it indicates that no BPSK signal is present in the received signal, if Zvpp≥ZthrWhen the BPSK signal exists in the received signal, the integral peak value is located in the index kvppResolving carrier Doppler shift
Figure FDA0002942769680000021
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002942769680000022
According to the round l of integral peak valuevppResolving carrier Doppler shift
Figure FDA0002942769680000023
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002942769680000024
Combined data processing time tdealCorrecting to obtain the carrier Doppler frequency shift of the received signal at the current moment
Figure FDA0002942769680000025
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002942769680000026
Carrier doppler rate of change
Figure FDA0002942769680000027
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002942769680000028
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Application publication date: 20210615