CN112968277B - Polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal - Google Patents

Polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112968277B
CN112968277B CN202110227145.5A CN202110227145A CN112968277B CN 112968277 B CN112968277 B CN 112968277B CN 202110227145 A CN202110227145 A CN 202110227145A CN 112968277 B CN112968277 B CN 112968277B
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track
liquid metal
polarization
length
antenna
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CN112968277A (en
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童美松
周怡
赵哿
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas

Abstract

The invention provides a polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal. The upper surface of FR4 base plate is circular metal patch with cross slot in the center, and 3D printing track is attached to the patch top, and liquid metal is injected into the track through pipeline to realize slot length change, thereby adjusting antenna polarization and operating frequency. Polarization reconstruction between left-handed polarization, right-handed polarization, and two orthogonal linear polarizations is achieved. Under the circular polarization mode, the antenna works at 1.86GHz-1.92GHz, and the gain can reach 3.5 dBi. Under the linear polarization mode, the frequency can be continuously adjusted from 1.82GHz to 2GHz, and the gain can reach 3.8 dBi. By utilizing the flow characteristic of liquid metal, the antenna is highly adjustable in polarization, and meanwhile, the frequency is continuously adjustable in a linear polarization mode, so that the reconfigurability is further improved compared with that of a reconfigurable antenna made of a traditional material.

Description

Polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of reconfigurable antennas, in particular to a reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the application scenarios of antennas are many and complex. Due to the fixed structure and materials, the traditional antenna can only work in one scene, and the adaptability is not strong. In recent years, more and more reconfigurable antenna designs have emerged. The reconfigurable antenna breaks through the limitation of the application scene of the traditional antenna, different working frequencies, polarization modes and radiation directions can be realized by a single antenna structure, and different properties can be presented according to different requirements.
Reconfigurable antennas usually employ devices such as diodes and radio frequency micro-electromechanical systems to realize the reconfiguration of antenna performance, however, such devices often have only limited states and fixed positions, and the flexibility of the antenna reconfiguration process is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal. The reconfigurable state of the antenna is more flexible by utilizing the flow characteristic of the liquid metal gallium-indium alloy.
The basic technical scheme is as follows:
the polarization state compensation device can work in four different polarization states of left-handed polarization, right-handed polarization and two linear polarizations. And the continuous adjustment of the working frequency is realized in a linear polarization mode. The application relates to design of a reconfigurable antenna, design of a reconfigurable method based on liquid metal and structural optimization of the antenna.
Example 1 technical solution
FR4 material having dielectric constant ε at 1GHz, which is obtained by using dielectric substrate 1 having thickness of 3.5mm, width and length of 65mmr2.8, the tangent loss was tan δ 0.021. The metal patch 2 has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically formed cross gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, and is made of copper and has a conductivity of 5.8 × 107And (5) S/m. The 3D printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the material is epsilon under 1MHzrThe tangent loss was 3.9, and tan δ was 0.03. It is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with length 44mm, width 4mm and height 1.3 mm. The lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded. The 3D printed track is attached to the circular patch 2 with optical gelatin and the cross track is aligned with the cross slot. The liquid metal 6 has a length of 1.5mm, a width of 2.5mm, a height of 0.3mm, and a gallium-indium alloy as a material having a conductivity of 3.5 × 10 ═ σ6S/m。
Example 3 technical solution
FR4 material having dielectric constant ε at 1GHz, which is obtained by using dielectric substrate 1 having thickness of 3.5mm, width and length of 65mmr2.8, the tangent loss was tan δ 0.021. The metal patch 2 has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically formed cross gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, and is made of copper and has a conductivity of 5.8 × 107And (5) S/m. 3D playsThe printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the printing track is epsilon at 1MHzrThe tangent loss was 3.9, and tan δ was 0.03. It is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with length 44mm, width 4mm and height 1.3 mm. The lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded. The 3D printed track is attached to the circular patch 2 with optical gelatin and the cross track is aligned with the cross slot. The liquid metal 6 has a width of 2.5mm and a height of 0.3mm, and is made of gallium-indium alloy and has a conductivity of 3.5 × 10%6And (5) S/m. The longer of which is 9.7mm in length.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of a polarization, frequency reconfigurable antenna structure based on liquid metal according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a polarization, frequency reconfigurable antenna structure based on liquid metal according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 3D printed track in a liquid metal based polarization, frequency reconfigurable antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a polarization, frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal according to embodiment 1 of the present application operating in a left-hand polarization mode.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a liquid metal-based polarization, frequency reconfigurable antenna of embodiment 2 of the present application operating in a right-hand polarization mode.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a liquid metal polarization-based frequency reconfigurable antenna according to embodiment 3 of the present application operating in a linear polarization mode one.
Fig. 7 is a top view of a liquid metal polarization-based frequency reconfigurable antenna according to embodiment 4 of the present application operating in a linear polarization mode two.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the reflection coefficient and axial ratio results of the liquid metal-based polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna circular polarization mode in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the results of changes of the operating frequency and the gain of the linear polarization mode of the liquid metal-based polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna according to embodiments 3 and 4 of the present application along with the length of the short liquid metal.
Numerical labeling:
base plate 1, circular metal copper paster 2, 3D print track 3, coaxial probe 4, cross slot 5, liquid metal 6
Detailed Description
The application provides a polarization, frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal includes: the device comprises a substrate, a circular metal copper patch with a cross gap in the center, a 3D printing track, a coaxial probe, a pipeline and liquid metal; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the substrate 1 is an FR4 substrate with a single-layer thickness of 3.5mm, and a layer of metal copper is covered below the substrate and used as a reference ground;
the circular metal copper patch 2 with the cross-shaped gap 5 in the center and the radius of 18.5mm is covered above the substrate 1 to be used as a radiation surface, and the coaxial probe 4 is used for feeding;
the 3D printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin, is attached above the substrate 1 through photosensitive adhesive, and is used for loading liquid metal 6, and the height of the track is 0.3 mm;
the coaxial probe 4 is connected with the SMA interface, and is welded with the circular metal patch 2 through an electric soldering iron to feed the antenna;
the number of the pipelines is 4, the pipelines are attached to the tail end of the 3D printing track 3 through photosensitive adhesive, and the injector injects liquid metal 6 into the 3D printing track 3 through the pipelines;
the liquid metal 6 is gallium-indium alloy and is used for adjusting the length and the shape of the metal patch cross-shaped gap 5, so that the polarization and the frequency of the antenna can be reconstructed.
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings.
The object antenna is shown in the embodiments of fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7.
The antenna exhibits left-hand circular polarization when the length of injected liquid metal is as shown in fig. 4 and right-hand circular polarization when it is as shown in fig. 5. The simulation and test results of the input return loss (S11 parameter) and the axial ratio in the circular polarization mode are shown in fig. 8. The antenna works at 1.86GHz-1.92GHz in the circular polarization mode, and the gain is 3.5 dBi.
When the implanted metal is as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the antenna exhibits linear polarization and the linear polarization directions of the two modes are perpendicular. Under the linear polarization mode, the working frequency of the antenna changes along with the length of the shorter liquid metal, and continuous adjustment on the working frequency can be realized. In the linear polarization mode, the simulation and measurement results of frequency and gain are shown in fig. 9, the frequency can be continuously adjusted from 1.82GHz to 2GHz, and the gain can reach 3.8 dBi.
Example 1
Fig. 4 corresponds to the left-hand circular polarization state of the antenna of embodiment 1.
The antenna structure and the parameter design of the embodiment are as follows:
FR4 material having dielectric constant ε at 1GHz, which is obtained by using dielectric substrate 1 having thickness of 3.5mm, width and length of 65mmr2.8, the tangent loss was tan δ 0.021. The metal patch 2 has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically formed cross gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, and is made of copper and has a conductivity of 5.8 × 107And (5) S/m. The 3D printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the material is epsilon under 1MHzrThe tangent loss was 3.9, and tan δ was 0.03. It is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with length 44mm, width 4mm and height 1.3 mm. The lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded. The 3D printed track is attached to the circular patch 2 with optical gelatin and the cross track is aligned with the cross slot. The liquid metal 6 has a length of 1.5mm, a width of 2.5mm, a height of 0.3mm, and a gallium-indium alloy as a material having a conductivity of 3.5 × 10 ═ σ6S/m。
The corresponding performance of example 1 is shown in fig. 8: the working frequency of the reflection coefficient S11 parameter lower than 10dB is 1.86GHz-1.92GHz, the axial ratio is lower than 3dB in the working frequency, and the left-hand polarization is presented. The measurement gain was 3.5 dBi.
Example 2
Fig. 5 corresponds to the right hand circular polarization state of the antenna of embodiment 2.
The antenna structure and the parameter design of the embodiment are as follows:
thickness of dielectric substrate 1FR4 material having a degree of 3.5mm, a width and a length of 65mm and a dielectric constant ε at 1GHzr2.8, the tangent loss was tan δ 0.021. The metal patch 2 has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically formed cross gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, and is made of copper and has a conductivity of 5.8 × 107And (5) S/m. The 3D printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the material is epsilon under 1MHzrThe tangent loss was 3.9, and tan δ was 0.03. It is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with length 44mm, width 4mm and height 1.3 mm. The lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded. The 3D printed track is attached to the circular patch 2 with optical gelatin and the cross track is aligned with the cross slot. The liquid metal 6 has a length of 1.5mm, a width of 2.5mm, a height of 0.3mm, and a gallium-indium alloy as a material having a conductivity of 3.5 × 10 ═ σ6S/m。
The corresponding performance of this example 2 is shown in fig. 8. The working frequency of the reflection coefficient S11 parameter lower than 10dB is 1.86GHz-1.92GHz, the axial ratio is lower than 3dB in the working frequency, and right-hand polarization is presented. The measurement gain was 3.5 dBi.
Example 3
Fig. 6 corresponds to a linear polarization state one of the antenna.
The antenna structure and the parameter design of the embodiment are as follows:
FR4 material having dielectric constant ε at 1GHz, which is obtained by using dielectric substrate 1 having thickness of 3.5mm, width and length of 65mmr2.8, the tangent loss was tan δ 0.021. The metal patch 2 has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically formed cross gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, and is made of copper and has a conductivity of 5.8 × 107And (5) S/m. The 3D printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the material is epsilon under 1MHzrThe tangent loss was 3.9, and tan δ was 0.03. It is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with length 44mm, width 4mm and height 1.3 mm. The lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded. The 3D printing track is lightedThe glue is attached to the circular patch 2 with the cross rails aligned with the cross slits. The liquid metal 6 has a width of 2.5mm and a height of 0.3mm, and is made of gallium-indium alloy and has a conductivity of 3.5 × 10%6And (5) S/m. The longer of which is 9.7mm in length. The operating frequency and gain vary with the length of the shorter of the liquid metal 6, the corresponding relationship being shown in figure 9. The operating frequency with a reflection coefficient S11 less than 10dB can be varied continuously from 1.82GHz to 2GHz with the gain varying continuously from 1.8dBi to 3dBi as the shorter liquid metal length varies from 0.5mm to 3 mm. The radiated electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized.
Example 4
Fig. 7 corresponds to the linear polarization state two of the antenna.
The antenna structure and the parameter design of the embodiment are as follows:
FR4 material having dielectric constant ε at 1GHz, which is obtained by using dielectric substrate 1 having thickness of 3.5mm, width and length of 65mmr2.8, the tangent loss was tan δ 0.021. The metal patch 2 has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically formed cross gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, and is made of copper and has a conductivity of 5.8 × 107And (5) S/m. The 3D printing track 3 is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the material is epsilon under 1MHzrThe tangent loss was 3.9, and tan δ was 0.03. It is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with length 44mm, width 4mm and height 1.3 mm. The lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded. The 3D printed track is attached to the circular patch 2 with optical gelatin and the cross track is aligned with the cross slot. The liquid metal 6 has a width of 2.5mm and a height of 0.3mm, and is made of gallium-indium alloy and has a conductivity of 3.5 × 10%6And (5) S/m. The longer of which is 9.7mm in length. The operating frequency and gain vary with the length of the shorter of the liquid metal 6, the corresponding relationship being shown in figure 9. The operating frequency with a reflection coefficient S11 less than 10dB can be varied continuously from 1.82GHz to 2GHz with the gain varying continuously from 1.8dBi to 3dBi as the shorter liquid metal length varies from 0.5mm to 3 mm. The radiated electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized, and the linear polarization state are the sameThe formation direction is vertical.

Claims (1)

1. A polarization and frequency reconfigurable antenna based on liquid metal is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a substrate, a circular metal copper patch with a cross gap in the center, a 3D printing track, a coaxial probe, a pipeline and liquid metal; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a layer of metal copper is covered below the substrate (1) and used as a reference ground;
the center is provided with a cross gap (5), and a circular metal copper patch (2) covers the upper part of the substrate (1) and is used as a radiation surface;
the coaxial probe (4) is connected with the SMA interface, and is welded with the circular metal patch (2) through an electric soldering iron to feed the antenna;
the number of the pipelines is 4, the pipelines are attached to the tail end of the 3D printing track (3) through photosensitive adhesive, and the injector injects liquid metal (6) into the 3D printing track (3) through the pipelines;
the liquid metal (6) is used for adjusting the length and the shape of the metal patch cross slot (5), so that the polarization and the frequency of the antenna can be reconstructed;
FR4 material having a substrate (1) with a thickness of 3.5mm, a width and a length of 65mm and a dielectric constant of epsilon at 1GHzr2.8, tan delta 0.021;
the metal patch (2) has a radius of 18.5mm, two rectangular vertically-formed cross-shaped gaps with a width of 2mm and a length of 21mm at the center, is made of copper, and has an electric conductivity of 5.8 × 107S/m；
The 3D printing track (3) is made of Formlabs Clear SLA resin material, and the dielectric constant of the material is epsilon under 1MHzr3.9, tan δ is 0.03; the device is composed of two rectangular parallelepipeds with the length of 44mm, the width of 4mm and the height of 1.3mm in an orthogonal mode; the lower parts of the four branches are respectively provided with 4 tracks, the width of each track is 2.5mm, the length of each track is 9.7mm, and the height of each track is 0.3mm, so that the liquid metal can be loaded;
the 3D printing track is attached to the circular patch (2) by optical gelatin, and the cross track is aligned with the cross gap; the liquid metal (6) has a length of 1.5mm, a width of 2.5mm and a height of 0.3mm, and is made of gallium-indium alloyConductivity is 3.5X 10%6S/m。
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