CN112966803A - Particle swarm algorithm-based multi-agent cooperative target searching method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a particle swarm algorithm-based multi-agent cooperative target searching method, which introduces a particle swarm algorithm to carry out virtual navigation and uses an entity agent with certain communication and perception capability to replace virtual particles in the particle swarm algorithm to realize source location searching. The moving distance and the searching time of the particles are considered in the particle swarm optimization for the first time, so that a weight cost function is established, and a path with the minimum cost is planned for the intelligent agent through a local searching strategy according to the target position generated by each generation of the particle swarm. Therefore, the multi-agent system can greatly reduce energy consumption, enhance endurance and improve search efficiency on the premise of not influencing target search accuracy. The invention is a universal multi-agent target searching method, and the particle swarm algorithm based on the method can be any particle swarm variant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of swarm intelligence and multi-agent target searching, in particular to a multi-agent cooperative target searching method based on a particle swarm algorithm.
Background
In recent years, the source localization problem has attracted much attention and has gradually developed into a research hotspot. This problem assumes that there is a static source in the unknown environment that will continue to emit signals to the outside world, and that the multi-agent needs to co-locate the source based on the signal strength detected in each area. Because the spatial signal has phenomena such as reflection and refraction and the sensor measurement has errors, noise with different degrees exists in the detection area, and the task difficulty is greatly increased. From another point of view analysis, this problem can be transformed into an optimization problem, modeling the signal strength of each position in the search space as a function value of the point, and then the position of the source is the position with the maximum function value, i.e. the maximum value of the search three-dimensional function. Meanwhile, due to space noise, the function is a multi-mode function, and a plurality of local optimal solutions exist.
The particle swarm algorithm is a swarm intelligence algorithm, which was proposed in 1995 by Kennedy and Eberhart inspired by bird swarm foraging to solve the global optimization problem. Due to the simplicity and the fast convergence of the parameters, the particle swarm optimization has become one of the mainstream global optimization technologies and is widely applied to various practical problems. But since the particle search has a certain randomness, the method is easy to fall into a local optimal solution. Therefore, numerous scholars continuously propose a variant algorithm of the particle swarm, and the optimization performance of the variant algorithm is further improved by balancing the global search capability and the local search capability of the swarm.
Many works in the swarm intelligence field and the multi-agent target search field have similarity and compatibility, and if an entity agent with certain communication and perception capability replaces virtual particles in a particle swarm algorithm, the swarm intelligence optimization algorithm can be popularized to the real world, namely, the problem of source positioning is solved. However, even if the particles in the particle swarm algorithm are virtual individuals, i.e., they do not consume energy, have unlimited speed, and can move instantly, if the particle swarm algorithm is directly used as a multi-agent control strategy to search and locate the target, the agent may stop working due to insufficient energy, or the task may fail due to too long moving time. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a particle swarm algorithm capable of optimizing energy consumption and search efficiency simultaneously aiming at multi-agent target search.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing particle swarm algorithm in the field of multi-agent target search, the invention provides a multi-agent cooperative target search method based on a particle swarm algorithm, which realizes multi-agent cooperation through the swarm intelligence algorithm, simultaneously considers the moving distance and the working time of an agent, establishes a weight cost function, plans a path with the minimum cost for the agent according to the target position to be searched generated by each generation of the particle swarm, and realizes cooperative search of a multi-agent system through a local search strategy. Therefore, the multi-agent can greatly reduce energy consumption, enhance endurance and improve search efficiency on the premise of not influencing target search accuracy.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a particle swarm algorithm-based multi-agent cooperative target searching method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1.1: in an application scene, multiple intelligent agents are distributed, the multiple intelligent agents are regarded as particle swarms, the intelligent agents are regarded as particles, environment modeling is carried out, and field source signal values detected by intelligent agent sensors are used as fitness indexes of a particle swarms.
Step 1.2: initializing particle swarm algorithm parameter setting: the particle swarm size n, the optimization dimension D and the maximum iteration number G.
Step 1.3: initializing the initial position x of n particles at random ═ { x ═ x1,x2,...,xnV and velocity v ═ v1,v2,...,vnInitializing the positions S ═ S of m agents1,S2,...,SmAnd velocity V.
Step 1.4: the multi-agent carries out optimal path planning through a local search strategy so as to traverse all current particle positionsx={x1,x2,...,xnAnd acquiring the field intensity f (x) of each target position by using a sensori) As a fitness value for that location.
Step 1.5: and updating the speed and the position of the particles by a particle swarm algorithm, wherein the updating formulas are respectively as follows:
wherein, c1、c2Is a constant acceleration factor, and c1=c2=2.05,r1、r2Is a D-dimensional random number vector, pbestiIndicating the historical optimum position of the ith particle, gbest indicating the historical optimum position of the particle population, which represents the velocity of the ith particle,indicating the position of the ith particle.
Step 1.6: and if the current iteration number is larger than the maximum iteration number G or the source target is successfully identified, executing the step 1.7, otherwise, returning to the step 1.4 to carry out the next iteration.
Step 1.7: all agents move to the optimal position gbest.
Further, in step 1.4, a local search strategy is used to plan a moving path for each agent, so that the group traverses all target positions, and the moving distance and the search time of the agents are optimized simultaneously, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.4.1: dividing the multi-agent into m/n groups according to the following formula, wherein the number of the i-th group of agents is Λ (i), the number of the agents is m, and each group independently executes the search task:
step 1.4.2: initializing a time vector τ[1×m]And loss matrix F[m×n]The following were used:
τ[1×m]={0,...,0};
wherein, tauiRepresenting the total time of movement of the ith agent in the current iteration, and F (i, j) representing the ith agent from the current location SiMove to the target position XjThe required cost, a ∈ [0, 1 ]]A weight constant for balancing the influence of the moving distance and the search time on the multi-agent performance,denotes the position p1To p2V represents the moving speed of the agent.
Step 1.4.3: calculating the minimum value of the loss matrix, setting the minimum value as F (i, j), and moving the ith agent to the target position XiWherein, the accessed target position is not accessed again, and the update related parameters are as follows:
where f represents a set of target locations that are not accessed.
Step 1.4.4: step 2.3 is repeated until all target locations have been visited.
According to the invention, an interaction mechanism between intelligent agents is constructed through a particle swarm algorithm, so that group cooperation is realized; and performing multi-agent optimal path planning through a local search strategy in each iteration of the particle swarm, and performing multi-objective optimization on the cluster moving distance and the search time so as to reduce energy consumption, improve efficiency and realize the improvement of the cluster synergy.
The invention is a universal multi-agent target searching method, and the particle swarm algorithm based on the method can be any particle swarm variant.
The searching precision, the anti-interference capability and other performances of the method can be continuously improved along with the development of the intelligent optimization field of the particle swarm. The method is suitable for the environment with source signals, and the whole group cannot work due to the damage of part of agents, so the method is particularly suitable for search tasks in dangerous environments, such as disaster site rescue, harmful gas leakage source positioning and the like. The invention has reasonable design, introduces a local search strategy in the particle swarm optimization to plan the optimal path, and greatly reduces the moving distance and the search time of the multi-agent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a multi-agent cooperative target searching method based on a particle swarm optimization.
Detailed Description
The invention simultaneously considers the moving distance and the working time of the intelligent agent, establishes a weight cost function, plans a path with the minimum cost for the intelligent agent through a neighborhood search strategy according to the target position generated by each generation of the particle swarm, and compared with the current latest technology, under the premise of allowing the intelligent agent to randomly fail, lose efficacy, damage and other severe conditions in the cluster, the invention not only does not influence the completion of the search task, but also greatly improves the target search precision and speed of the multi-intelligent agent, simultaneously reduces the energy consumption of the multi-intelligent agent by more than 66 percent, and reduces the search time by nearly 70 percent.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
In the embodiments, the agent refers to a physical agent with communication and sensing capabilities, and is a non-virtual particle, such as, by way of example and not limitation, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an unmanned vehicle, and an unmanned underwater vehicle.
In the embodiment, a multi-agent target searching task, namely the technical scheme task of the invention, such as positioning of harmful gas leakage sources, by way of example and not limitation, is assumed as follows: harmful gas leakage exists in one area, but leakage source information is unknown, and a plurality of intelligent agents with local sensing and communication capabilities coordinate to locate the specific position where the leakage source is located and rescue after disaster according to the gas concentration values detected at different positions in a shared mode: in order to locate and rescue survivors in the ruins after disasters, the vital sign strength value of each position in the scene is detected by using an intelligent body with sensing equipment such as a radar life detector, and the position with the strongest vital sign is located through cooperative search of multiple intelligent bodies.
The embodiment models a multi-agent system construction process environment.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-agent cooperative target searching method of the embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
step 1.1: in an application scene, multiple intelligent agents are distributed, the multiple intelligent agents are regarded as particle swarms, the intelligent agents are regarded as particles, environment modeling is carried out, and field source signal values detected by intelligent agent sensors are used as fitness indexes of a particle swarms.
Step 1.2: initializing particle swarm algorithm parameter setting: the particle swarm size n is 50, the optimization dimension D is 2, and the maximum iteration number G is 10000.
Step 1.3: initializing the initial position x of n particles at random ═ { x ═ x1,x2,...,xnV and velocity v ═ v1,v2,...,vnInitializing the positions S ═ S of m agents1,S2,...,SmAnd speed V-1.
Step 1.4: the multi-agent carries out optimal path planning through a local search strategy so as to traverse all current particle positions x ═ { x ═ x1,x2,...,xnAnd acquiring the field intensity f (x) of each target position by using a sensori) AsThe fitness value of the location.
Step 1.5: and updating the speed and the position of the particles by a particle swarm algorithm, wherein the updating formulas are respectively as follows:
wherein, c1、c2Is a constant acceleration factor, and c1=c2=2.05,r1、r2Is a D-dimensional random number vector, pbestiIndicating the historical optimum position of the ith particle, gbest indicating the historical optimum position of the particle population, which represents the velocity of the ith particle,indicating the position of the ith particle.
Step 1.6: and if the current iteration number is larger than the maximum iteration number G or the source target is successfully identified, executing the step 1.7, otherwise, returning to the step 1.4 to carry out the next iteration.
Step 1.7: all agents move to the optimal position gbest.
Further, in step 1.4 above, a multi-agent path planning method is proposed, where a local search strategy is used to plan a moving path for each agent, so that a group traverses all target positions, and the moving distance and the search time of the multi-agent are optimized at the same time, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1.4.1: dividing the multi-agent into m/n groups according to the following formula, wherein the number of the i-th group of agents is Λ (i), the number of the agents is m, and each group independently executes the search task:
step 1.4.2: initializing a time vector τ[1×m]And loss matrix F[m×n]The following were used:
τ[1×m]={0,...,0};
wherein, tauiRepresenting the total time of movement of the ith agent in the current iteration, and F (i, j) representing the ith agent from the current location SiMove to the target position XjThe required cost, a is 0.2, which is a weight constant used for balancing the influence of the moving distance and the searching time on the multi-agent performance,denotes the position p1To p2V represents the moving speed of the agent, and the default value is 1.
Step 1.4.3: calculating the minimum value of the loss matrix, setting the minimum value as F (i, j), and moving the ith agent to the target position XjWherein, the accessed target position is not accessed again, and the update related parameters are as follows:
where f represents a set of target locations that are not accessed.
Step 1.4.4: step 1.4.3 is repeated until all target locations have been visited.
The invention is a multi-agent target search method with universality, in the proposed framework, the particle swarm algorithm based on can be any particle swarm variant, in each iteration process, the proposed local search algorithm is used for carrying out optimal path planning on the multi-agent, the moving distance and the search time of the multi-agent can be obviously reduced, and the reduction of energy consumption and the improvement of the search efficiency are realized. And the searching precision, the anti-interference capability and other performances of the method can be continuously improved along with the development of the intelligent optimization field of the particle swarm. The multi-agent system implementing the method can effectively complete the source positioning task through cooperation, allows the agents in the cluster to have random faults, failures, damages and other severe conditions, and has wide application prospect.
Authentication
To demonstrate the generality of this example, experiments were conducted with both smart sufficiency and smart deficiency, and in each case multi-agent path method deployment was conducted based on classical SPSO (d.branch and j.kennedy, "Defining a standard for particulate switch optimization," in proc.ieee switch integrity Symposium, pp.120-127, 2007.) and newer DEPSO (j.zhang, x.zhu, y.wang, and m.zhou, "Dual-environmental particulate switch optimization in noise and noise-environment," IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol.49, No.6, pp.2011-2021, 2019.), respectively, to complete the multi-agent target search planning task.
In the case of sufficient agents, the number m of the agents is set to be 50, and compared with the direct application of the SPSO, after the method disclosed by the invention is adopted based on the SPSO, the moving distance of the agent cluster is reduced by 66.3%, and the search time is reduced by 69.1%. Compared with the direct application of DEPSO, after the method disclosed by the invention is adopted based on DEPSO, the moving distance of the intelligent cluster is reduced by 80.6%, and the search time is reduced by 73.1%.
In the absence of the agent, the number m of the agents is set to be 5, and compared with the direct application of the SPSO, after the method disclosed by the invention is adopted based on the SPSO, the moving distance of the agent cluster is reduced by 82.3%, and the search time is reduced by 77.6%. Compared with the direct application of DEPSO, after the method disclosed by the invention is adopted based on DEPSO, the moving distance of the intelligent cluster is reduced by 72.9%, and the search time is reduced by 70.9%.
The overall situation is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Algorithm comparative experimental data
The above is a further detailed description of the present invention, and it should not be considered that the embodiments of the present invention are limited thereto, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A multi-agent cooperative target searching method based on particle swarm optimization is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1.1: in an application scene, multiple intelligent agents are distributed, the multiple intelligent agents are regarded as particle swarms, the intelligent agents are regarded as particles, environment modeling is carried out, and field source signal values detected by intelligent agent sensors are used as fitness indexes of a particle swarms.
Step 1.2: initializing particle swarm algorithm parameter setting: the particle swarm size n, the optimization dimension D and the maximum iteration number G.
Step 1.3: initializing the initial position x of n particles at random ═ { x ═ x1,x2,...,xnV and velocity v ═ v1,v2,...,vnInitializing the positions S ═ S of m agents1,S2,...,SmAnd velocity V.
Step 1.4: the multi-agent carries out optimal path planning through a local search strategy so as to traverse all current particle positions x ═ { x ═ x1,x2,...,xnAnd acquiring the field intensity f (x) of each target position by using a sensori) As a fitness value for that location.
Step 1.5: and updating the speed and the position of the particles by a particle swarm algorithm, wherein the updating formulas are respectively as follows:
wherein, c1、c2Is a constant acceleration factor, and c1=c2=2.05,r1、r2Is a D-dimensional random number vector, pbestiIndicating the historical optimum position of the ith particle, gbest indicating the historical optimum position of the particle population, which represents the velocity of the ith particle,indicating the position of the ith particle.
Step 1.6: and if the current iteration number is larger than the maximum iteration number G or the source target is successfully identified, executing the step 1.7, otherwise, returning to the step 1.4 to carry out the next iteration.
Step 1.7: all agents move to the optimal position gbest.
2. A multi-agent path planning method based on the search method of claim 1, wherein in step 1.4, a local search strategy is used to plan a moving path for each agent, so that the agent traverses all particle positions, and optimizes the moving distance and the search time of the multi-agent simultaneously, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.4.1: dividing a plurality of intelligent agents into the following formulasAnd the number of the i-th group of agents is Λ (i), the number of the agents is m, and each group independently executes the search task:
step 1.4.2: initializing a time vector τ[1×m]And loss matrix F[m×n]The following were used:
τ[1×m]={0,...,0};
wherein, tauiRepresenting the total time of movement of the ith agent in the current iteration, and F (i, j) representing the ith agent from the current location SiMove to the target position XjThe required cost, a ∈ [0, 1 ]]A weight constant for balancing the influence of the moving distance and the search time on the multi-agent performance,denotes the position p1To p2V represents the moving speed of the agent.
Step 1.4.3: calculating the minimum value of the loss matrix, setting the minimum value as F (i, j), and moving the ith agent to the target position XjWherein, the accessed target position is not accessed again, and the update related parameters are as follows:
where f represents a set of target locations that are not accessed.
Step 1.4.4: step 2.3 is repeated until all target locations have been visited.
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