CN112966406B - Optimal arrangement method for hydro-generator stator temperature measuring points - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimized arrangement mode of hydro-generator stator temperature measuring points, which comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining heat source distribution characteristics in a hydro-generator global stator temperature field through finite element simulation; then based on the radial measuring point position of the original temperature measuring point, a temperature measuring point is added at the middle lower part of the stator bar at the same position; the temperature measuring points are added to the iron core at the positions with higher temperature of the stator iron core between every two adjacent wire rods with the temperature measuring points on the circumference of the stator; temperature measuring points are added in an air inlet and an air outlet of a cooler, a cooling pipeline which is easy to block, an indoor space and a cooling oil basin; according to the invention, the temperature measuring points of the stator of the hydraulic generator are reasonably increased, the temperature change of the high-temperature heated part is monitored, the defects that the whole condition of the heating of the stator cannot be accurately described, a monitoring blind area is easily formed and the like in the conventional measuring point mode can be overcome, the monitoring level is effectively improved, and the state monitoring of the stator of the hydraulic generator is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of equipment monitoring, in particular to an optimal arrangement method of temperature measuring points of a stator of a hydraulic generator.
Background
The hydroelectric generating set is core equipment of a hydropower station, and the monitoring of the temperature of a stator of the hydroelectric generating set is a key for ensuring the high-performance work of a generator. The traditional arrangement mode is that the stator is uniformly distributed along a single contour, and the number of measuring points is small. The arrangement mode only emphasizes abnormal alarm, the temperature distribution condition in the whole generator is not considered, and the faulty sensor cannot be replaced in time when the unit operates, so that a monitoring blind area is easily formed. Therefore, the optimal arrangement method of the stator of the hydraulic generator can be optimized by combining theoretical analysis and engineering practice, and the monitoring level of the state of the stator is improved.
In the analysis of realizing the omnibearing temperature monitoring of the stator, the optimization of temperature measuring points becomes a key factor of the problem, the temperature change cannot be accurately described by fewer measuring points, and the influence on an electromagnetic field can be caused by more measuring points, so that the efficiency of the generator is influenced, and the economic cost is increased.
The main methods related to the optimal arrangement of the measuring points at present are as follows: modal Kinetic Energy (MKE), neural networks, Fisher optimal segmentation, and some complex algorithmic models. The modal kinetic energy method is to arrange sensors at positions with larger modal kinetic energy in each point to be measured of the structure. The method is firstly applied in the fields of aerospace, civil construction and the like, and later Moore develops an average modal kinetic energy method and a weighted average kinetic energy method (WAKE) (see On-orbit sensor development and system identification of space station with limited instruments, Proceedings of the 28th Structures, structural dynamics, and Materials Conference, Monterey). Neural networks, Fisher optimal segmentation methods and some composite algorithm models have been used for reducing the influence of thermal errors of a feeding machine tool in recent years. However, the measurement point arrangement method obtained by the above method cannot meet the requirement of identifying the heat source distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an optimal arrangement method of temperature measuring points of a stator of a hydraulic generator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) and obtaining a global stator temperature field simulation result through finite element simulation, wherein the specific process is as follows: based on the actual size of the hydraulic generator, three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the hydraulic generator through software soildworks, then the model is led into finite element software, electromagnetic field simulation, grid division, calculation of heat transfer coefficient and heat dissipation coefficient and coupling simulation of electromagnetic-temperature field are carried out, and therefore the integral temperature field distribution characteristic model is obtained;
(2) under a rated working condition, supposing that the stator is in a uniform linear isotropic medium and a field source only has a power supply, the magnetic conductivity of internal materials of the generator is uniform, current is uniformly distributed on a cross section, mechanical loss is neglected during temperature field analysis, stator core loss and winding loss are mainly analyzed, the stator temperature field is increased and then reduced from bottom to top according to an integral temperature field distribution characteristic model in the step (1), the highest temperature of a stator bar is positioned at the middle lower part of an upper layer bar, the temperature of the same position of the lower layer bar is second highest, the highest temperature of a stator core is positioned at the position of a tooth part of an iron core close to the middle lower part of the upper layer bar, and a temperature measuring point I is additionally arranged at the middle lower part of the stator bar in the same area based on the radial direction of an original temperature measuring point in connection with the actual operation condition of engineering; on the circumference of the stator core, a temperature measuring point II is additionally arranged in the area with high temperature of the stator core between every two adjacent wire bars with the temperature measuring points, and the temperature measuring points are optimally arranged.
Furthermore, for a large unit (the installed capacity is more than 30 ten thousand kilowatts), the number of the temperature measuring points I is 108-; for a medium-sized unit (the installed capacity is 5-30 ten thousand kilowatts), the number of the temperature measuring points I is 36-108, and the number of the temperature measuring points II is 30-60; for a small-sized unit (the installed capacity is less than 5 ten thousand kilowatts), the number of the temperature measuring points I is 24-90, and the number of the temperature measuring points II is 18-48.
Furthermore, temperature measuring points III are additionally arranged in an air inlet and an air outlet of the cooler and a cooling pipeline which is easy to block, indoors and in a cooling oil basin, and the number of the temperature measuring points III is 30-60 for a large-scale unit (the installed capacity is more than 30 ten thousand kilowatts); for a medium-sized unit (the installed capacity is 5-30 ten thousand kilowatts), the number of the temperature measuring points III is 10-40; for a small unit (the installed capacity is less than 5 ten thousand kilowatts), the number of the temperature measuring points III is 2-20; and temperature measuring points III are positioned on the upstream side and the downstream side of the coil bar and can be used for detecting the outlet temperature of the cooler, the inlet temperature of the cooler, the indoor temperature, the temperature of the cooling oil basin and the like.
The invention is suitable for various vertical hydraulic generators and horizontal hydraulic generators.
The invention is used for the optimal arrangement mode of the temperature measuring points of the stator of the hydraulic generator, can overcome the problems that the existing measuring point mode can not accurately describe the whole condition of the heating of the stator, is easy to form a monitoring blind area and the like, effectively improves the monitoring level, and better realizes the state monitoring of the stator of the hydraulic generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a finite element temperature field of a hydro-generator stator;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of measuring points of upper-layer line bars of a stator of the hydraulic generator;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of arrangement of measuring points of lower-layer bar of a stator of the hydraulic generator;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the arrangement of measuring points of a stator core of a hydraulic generator;
in the drawings, 1-top tooth; 2-iron core; 3-a ventilation slot; 4-external surface-mount type temperature measuring element;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optimized arrangement scheme of hydraulic generator stator measuring points.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, in which a temperature measuring element, i.e. a temperature sensor, is arranged at a temperature measuring point.
Example 1
An optimized arrangement method of temperature measuring points of a hydraulic generator stator is characterized in that a process flow is specifically described by taking an SF55-10/740 vertical hydraulic generator as an example, the installed capacity of the vertical hydraulic generator is less than 5 ten thousand kilowatts, the vertical hydraulic generator is a small-sized unit, and the method specifically comprises the following steps;
(1) and obtaining a global stator temperature field simulation result through finite element simulation, wherein the specific process is as follows: based on the actual size of the generator, three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the generator through software soildworks, then the model is led into finite element software, electromagnetic field simulation, grid division, calculation of heat transfer coefficient and heat dissipation coefficient and coupling simulation of an electromagnetic-temperature field are carried out, and therefore the integral temperature field distribution characteristic model is obtained, and is shown in figure 1;
(2) under a rated working condition, assuming that in a uniform linear isotropic medium and a field source only has a power supply, the magnetic permeability of the internal material of the generator is uniform, the current is uniformly distributed on the cross section, the mechanical loss is neglected during temperature field analysis, the stator core loss and the winding loss are mainly analyzed, as can be seen from figure 1, the maximum temperature of a stator is 81.67 ℃, the heat is mainly concentrated in a stator core section close to the middle lower part of a wire rod along the radial direction, the iron loss generated by a stator core tooth part is higher than the outer side, the copper loss generated by a winding in a stator tooth groove is the main source of the heat, the temperature of the stator core, especially the temperature of the core tooth part, shows a distribution trend of low-high-low along the axial direction, namely, the maximum temperature of the stator wire rod is firstly increased from the lower part to the upper part and then decreased, the maximum temperature of the stator wire rod is positioned at the middle lower part of an upper wire rod, the temperature of the same position of the lower wire rod is second high, the highest temperature of a tooth part of the stator core is close to the middle lower part of an upper-layer line bar and is consistent with the radial height of high-temperature distribution of the line bar, meanwhile, the air gap of a stator and a rotor at the inner side of the stator core of the hydraulic generator is small, and the air gap is poorer than that of the outer side, and according to analysis, based on the stator temperature measuring point arrangement scheme of the existing hydropower station, the project operation condition is linked, and the temperature measuring points at the heat source concentration part are increased;
according to the stator temperature measuring point arrangement scheme of the existing hydropower station: 6 temperature measuring elements are arranged on the stator bar in the interlayer insulation gap; the stator core is uniformly distributed with 4 temperature measuring elements at the bottom of the slot and the outer edge of the yoke part, the operation condition of the project is connected, and a temperature measuring point I is additionally arranged at the middle lower part of the stator bar in the same area based on the radial direction of the original temperature measuring point; on the circumference of the stator core, a temperature measuring point II is additionally arranged in the area with high temperature of the stator core between every two adjacent wire bars with temperature measuring points, and the temperature measuring points are optimally arranged, wherein the specific operation is as follows:
1) temperature measurement point I is the arrangement of line bar measurement points: temperature measuring points are additionally arranged on a wire rod with the existing temperature measuring points, the wire rod is provided with six wire rods, the upper layer is provided with 3 wire rods, the lower layer is provided with 3 wire rods, the wire rods adopt F-level insulation, the appearance specification, the quantity and the transposition mode of flat copper wires are the same as those of other wire rods of a unit, figures 2 and 3 are respectively an upper wire rod measuring point arrangement diagram and a lower wire rod measuring point arrangement diagram, an original temperature measuring point is arranged in a circle, a heat source concentrated area is arranged in a square frame, a temperature measuring element of the temperature measuring point is embedded outside strand insulation, 12 temperature measuring elements are embedded in main insulation, each wire rod is provided with 12 temperature measuring elements, and 12 measuring points (5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 in figure 2 and 20 in the middle lower part of a stator wire rod (namely the square frame in figures 2 and 3) are densely provided with 12 measuring points (5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 in figure 2, and 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 35, and 1/2 in figure 3 respectively, 36. 37, 38, 39, 40) and measuring points (1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34 in fig. 2 and 3) are distributed at other positions, so as to better monitor the temperature change of the whole stator bar, and the positions of the embedded bars are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
2) And a temperature measuring point II, namely a stator core measuring point, is arranged as follows: on the circumference of the stator core, a temperature measuring point II is added to the core between every two adjacent wire bars with temperature measuring points according to the position of the stator core with higher temperature, when a temperature measuring element of the temperature measuring point of the stator core is installed, the temperature measuring elements or the leads are prevented from falling off and entering the air gap, the mounting position is along the side surface of the iron core of the ventilation groove, the groove wedge plate is arranged at the radial direction to protect the temperature measuring elements, the upper and lower top tooth temperature measuring elements are mounted in a mode of adopting epoxy glue, after the temperature measuring elements are cured, semiconductor paint is coated, as shown in figure 4, in the figure, a top tooth 1, an iron core 2, a ventilation groove 3 and an external patch type temperature measuring element 4 are added for observing the temperature of a stator iron core, so that the cooling effect of a generator set is monitored, measuring points are more accurately and economically added on a stator, and the effects of indirectly measuring and verifying the temperature of a winding are achieved when the temperature measuring element is damaged;
the external patch type temperature measuring element 4 for measuring the stator core is provided with 6 pieces (121-126), the tooth top 1 is provided with 6 pieces of temperature measuring elements, and the tooth bottom is provided with 6 pieces of temperature measuring elements (127-138), which are embedded in No. 7, No. 21, No. 35, No. 49, No. 63 and No. 77 stator slots, and monitoring points are all positioned in the middle of every two adjacent wire bars with temperature monitoring points from the circumferential direction.
3) Temperature measurement point iii, i.e. other measurement points: the temperature difference of the inlet and outlet units is an important index for measuring the cooling system of the generator, and can be converted into the temperature calculation of the stator and the rotor, and a temperature measuring point III is additionally arranged at the air inlet and outlet of the cooler, in the cooling pipeline, in the room and in the cooling oil basin, in the embodiment, 6 temperature measuring elements (No. 139 and No. 150) are respectively additionally arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the cooler and are respectively positioned at the upstream and downstream sides of the coil bar, as shown in FIG. 5, No. 151 is added for measuring the outlet temperature of the cooler, No. 152 is added for measuring the inlet temperature of the cooler, No. 153 and No. 154 are additionally arranged for measuring the indoor temperature (not shown in the figure), No. 155 and No. 156 are additionally arranged for measuring the temperature of the cooling oil basin (not shown in the figure), and in addition, 4 photoelectric anemometers are additionally arranged.
A temperature measuring point and a temperature measuring element can be additionally arranged on a pipe which is easy to accumulate foreign matters in an inlet and an outlet of an air cooling machine, a hydrogen cooling machine or a water cooling machine.
After simulating a plurality of groups of small-sized unit generators with different models according to the method of the embodiment 1, for small-sized units (installed capacity is less than 5 ten thousand kilowatts), the optimized arrangement method comprises the following steps: according to the step scheme of the stator temperature measuring point of the existing hydropower station, temperature measuring elements arranged among the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of each branch stator bar of each phase of a stator winding and at the outer edge of a stator core at the bottom of a groove or a yoke part are unchanged, and then the temperature measuring elements are optimally added, and the specific scheme is as follows: the temperature measuring point I is formed by additionally arranging 3-5 temperature measuring elements at about 1/4-1/2 parts of the middle lower part of the upper-layer line bar and the lower-layer line bar of each branch of each phase of the stator winding, wherein the total number of the temperature measuring elements is about 24-90; 2-4 temperature measuring elements are additionally arranged at the upper part of the stator core in each slot of the high-temperature area, and the total number is about 18-48; temperature measuring points III are additionally arranged in an air inlet and an air outlet of the cooler, a cooling pipeline, a room and a cooling oil basin, the total number of the temperature measuring points is about 2-20 temperature measuring elements, at least one temperature measuring point is arranged in the air inlet and the air outlet of the cooler, the cooling pipeline and the cooling oil basin in the cooling system, and at least one temperature measuring point is arranged in the room.
According to the mode of the embodiment 1, the optimal arrangement of the stator temperature measuring points of the hydraulic generator is carried out on a large-scale unit (the installed capacity is more than 30 ten thousand kilowatts), and the obtained optimal arrangement method comprises the following steps: according to the step scheme of the existing hydropower station stator temperature measuring point, temperature measuring elements arranged among the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of each phase branch stator bar of a stator winding and at the outer edge of a stator iron core at the bottom or a yoke part of a tank are unchanged, and then the temperature measuring elements are optimally added, and the specific scheme is as follows: the total number of the temperature measuring points I is about 108 and 216 at the middle lower part of the stator bar, which is about 1/4-1/2; on the circumference of the stator core, the total number of temperature measuring points II added to the core at the position with higher temperature of the stator core is about 48-120 between every two adjacent wire rods with temperature measuring points; the total number of temperature measuring points III which are additionally arranged in the air inlet and outlet of the cooler, in the cooling pipeline which is easy to block, indoors and in the cooling oil basin is about 30-60.
According to the mode of the embodiment 1, for the medium-sized unit (the installed capacity is 5-30 ten thousand kilowatts), the optimal arrangement of the stator temperature measuring points of the hydraulic generator is carried out, and the optimal arrangement method comprises the following steps: according to the step scheme of the stator temperature measuring point of the existing hydropower station, temperature measuring elements arranged among the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of each branch stator bar of each phase of a stator winding and at the outer edge of a stator core at the bottom of a groove or a yoke part are unchanged, and then the temperature measuring elements are optimally added, and the specific scheme is as follows: the total number of temperature measuring points I is about 36-108 additionally arranged at 1/4-1/2 at the middle lower part of the stator bar; on the circumference of the stator core, the total number of temperature measuring points II added to the core at the position with higher temperature of the stator core is about 30-60 between every two adjacent wire bars with temperature measuring points; the total number of temperature measuring points III which are arranged in an air inlet and an air outlet of the cooler and in a cooling pipeline, an indoor cooling pipeline and a cooling oil basin and are easy to block is about 10-40.
According to the invention, the optimized arrangement mode of the stator temperature measuring points can be popularized and used according to the combination of the characteristics of the hydraulic generators and the unit, the understanding is easy, the pertinence is strong, and powerful analysis and decision basis is provided for scientifically controlling the temperature rise of the stator and forecasting the fault.
Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all equivalent variations or modifications which incorporate the teachings of this invention and the principles thereof be embraced therein.
Claims (1)
1. An optimal arrangement method for hydro-generator stator temperature measuring points is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) based on the actual size of the hydraulic generator, three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the hydraulic generator through software soildworks, then the model is led into finite element software, electromagnetic field simulation, grid division, calculation of heat transfer coefficient and heat dissipation coefficient and coupling simulation of electromagnetic-temperature field are carried out, and an integral temperature field distribution characteristic model is obtained;
(2) under a rated working condition, according to the overall temperature field distribution characteristic model in the step (1), a stator temperature field is firstly increased and then reduced from bottom to top, the highest temperature of a stator bar is positioned at the middle lower part of an upper-layer bar, the temperature of the same position of a lower-layer bar is second-highest, the highest temperature of a stator core is positioned at the middle lower part of an iron core tooth part close to the upper-layer bar, and 6 temperature measuring elements are arranged in an interlayer insulation gap of the stator bar; 4 temperature measuring elements are arranged on the outer edges of the slot bottom and the yoke part of the stator core, and a temperature measuring point I is additionally arranged at the middle lower part of the stator bar in the radial direction of an original temperature measuring point and in the same region in connection with the actual operation condition of the engineering; on the circumference of the stator core, a temperature measuring point II is additionally arranged in a region with high temperature of the stator core between every two adjacent wire rods with temperature measuring points, and the temperature measuring points are optimally arranged;
for a large-scale unit, the number of the temperature measuring points I is 108-216, and the number of the temperature measuring points II is 48-120; for the medium-sized unit, the number of the temperature measuring points I is 36-108, and the number of the temperature measuring points II is 30-60; for a small-sized unit, the number of the temperature measuring points I is 24-90, and the number of the temperature measuring points II is 18-48;
temperature measuring points III are additionally arranged in an air inlet and an air outlet of the cooler, in a cooling pipeline, indoors and a cooling oil basin, and the number of the temperature measuring points III is 30-60 for a large-scale unit; for the medium-sized unit, the number of the temperature measuring points III is 10-40; for a small unit, the number of the temperature measuring points III is 2-20.
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| RU2378628C2 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2010-01-10 | Вибросистм Инк. | Method of extrapolation of stator inside temperature upon minimum interference with electrical machine operation |
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