CN112964411B - Surface strain-based cable force measuring method and device for inhaul cable - Google Patents
Surface strain-based cable force measuring method and device for inhaul cable Download PDFInfo
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/042—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands by measuring vibrational characteristics of the flexible member
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring cable force of a stay cable based on surface strain. The cable body surface deformation generated by the axial tension of the inhaul cable is transmitted to the sensor through the rigid clamp, and the sensor senses the deformation to realize the cable body surface strain measurement. A cable force measuring method considering a calculation coefficient is provided by researching the relation between the surface strain and the integral strain of a cable body, a formula for calculating the cable force is obtained by combining strain data, the geometric parameters and the mechanical property of a cable, and a set of cable force measuring method and device which are efficient in installation and simple and convenient to calculate are formed. The invention realizes quick and nondestructive installation, real-time measurement, high test reliability, strong environmental adaptability, clear formula of the inhaul cable force calculation method and simple process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of structural health monitoring, in particular to a surface strain-based cable force measurement technology for a cable, which comprises a contact type nondestructive cable force measurement device capable of being quickly installed and accurately measured and a measurement method for effectively calculating a measured cable force value.
Background
The cable is one of important stressed members of national major public buildings, and is widely applied to large-span building structures such as space structures, bridge structures and the like. The real-time monitoring of the stress condition of the stay cable has very urgent requirements for guaranteeing the normal work of the building structure in the whole life cycle, preventing disasters and implementing structural maintenance.
At present, the commonly used guy cable force measurement mainly comprises 5 methods, namely a pressure gauge method, a force measuring ring method, a vibration method, a magnetic flux method and a clamp method. The pressure gauge method directly reads the oil pressure value of the prestress construction, and then the cable force is converted by using a calibration formula and is commonly used for measuring the cable force in the construction process; the force measuring ring method is that a force measuring ring is arranged at the anchoring end of a cable, the reaction force between an anchor head and an anchor backing plate is measured to obtain the cable force, and the space of the anchoring end of the cable needs to be occupied and the cable force needs to be installed in advance; the vibration method is based on the relation between the natural vibration frequency of the cable body and the cable force, a theoretical formula is deduced to calculate the cable force, and the theoretical formula is deduced to be difficult under the conditions of short cables with unknown boundary conditions, dampers and the like; the magnetic flux method obtains the relation between the induced electromotive force generated by the magnetized inhaul cable and the cable force through a calibration test, then the cable force test is realized, the field calibration is needed, and the process is complex; the clamp method is a simple and easy method for measuring the cable force, and a single displacement sensor is attached to the surface of a measured cable section by utilizing a clamp to measure the strain of a steel cable so as to calculate the cable force, but the existing measuring means has certain defects:
(1) the sensor is arranged on one side of the inhaul cable: for the inhaul cable with uneven texture or the inhaul cable which is possibly bent locally, the phenomenon of uneven local stress is introduced by a single sensor, so that measurement interference which cannot be ignored is generated;
(2) the contact surface between the steel cable clamp and the steel cable is simple to process: the clamping firmness and the protection of the local surface of the stay cable cannot be simultaneously considered, the force transmission path from the cable body to the sensor is complex, the length of a measured interval cannot be accurately positioned, and the measurement error is easy to generate;
(3) strain measurement is carried out by adopting a displacement sensor: the sensor sensitivity is low, and the sensitivity requirement of the cable force cannot be measured.
(4) The computational formula definition is ambiguous: theoretically, the cable force is obtained by calculating the overall strain of the cable in combination with the geometric and physical parameters of the cable, the actual measurement is the cable body surface strain, the two are not equivalent, and the calculation error is caused by the fact that the overall strain is replaced by the surface strain.
The problems in the prior art can be seen that the clamp type cable force measuring method should be improved from the following two aspects, one is that the sensor clamp needs to give consideration to both clamping firmness and nondestructive loading and unloading, the engineering value and the reliability of measured data are improved, and the precise control of a measured area is realized; and secondly, considering influence factors such as the relation between the deformation of steel wires of each layer of the stay cable and the overall deformation of the cable, and the like, and providing a method for determining a cable force calculation coefficient to realize accurate calculation of a cable force value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior artThe method and the device for measuring the cable force of the inhaul cable based on the surface strain combine the nondestructive installation mode of the sensor and the cable force measuring method to establish a complete method for measuring the cable force of the inhaul cable. The method adopts a vibrating wire type strain testing technology with temperature self-compensation, the technology is mature and widely applied, and the result is stable and reliable; a contact type nondestructive rigid clamp is designed for connecting an existing inhaul cable and fixing a sensor; and acquiring the surface strain change of the stay cable caused by the stress change of the stay cable through the cooperative deformation between the stay cable and the clamp and between the clamp and the vibrating wire sensor. The relation between the actually measured cable body steel wire surface strain and the cable body overall strain is deduced by combining theoretical analysis, and a cable force calculation coefficient K is providedn。
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for measuring a cable force of a cable based on surface strain comprises the following specific steps:
(1) acquiring the initial temperature, the initial frequency, the actually measured frequency and the actually measured temperature of a vibrating wire strain sensor with self-temperature compensation, and calculating a strain value of the inhaul cable after temperature compensation correction to obtain the surface strain of the inhaul cable; the calculation formula is as follows:
ε＝K(f1 2-f0 2)+FT(T1+T2)
wherein epsilon is a strain value after temperature compensation and correction, K is a calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire strain sensor with temperature self-compensation, and f1Is the initial frequency of the vibrating wire, f0For measured frequency of vibrating wire, FTAs temperature correction coefficient, T1Initial temperature, T, of vibrating wire strain sensor for temperature self-compensation2Measuring the temperature for a vibrating wire strain sensor with temperature self-compensation;
(2) calculating the cable force of the inhaul cable based on the geometrical parameters and the mechanical property of the inhaul cable through the surface strain of the inhaul cable obtained in the step (1), and realizing the measurement of the cable force of the inhaul cable; the specific formula is as follows:
T＝KnEAε
wherein T is the calculated cable force value of the cable, n is the number of layers of the cable steel wire, KnCalculating coefficient for the nth layer, namely calculating coefficient of surface strain and integral strain of the cable, KjAnd calculating coefficients for the j layer, wherein E is the elastic modulus of the stay cable, A is the section area of the stay cable, upsilon is Poisson ratio, and alpha is a helical angle which is an acute angle between a tangent line of the center line of the steel wire of the stay cable and a straight generatrix of a cylindrical surface passing through a tangent point.
The invention provides a surface strain-based stay cable force measuring device, which consists of a vibrating wire strain sensor with self-compensation temperature and a rigid clamp;
the rigid clamp is composed of two groups of four semicircular rigid half hoops, the design size of the rigid clamp is matched with the surface diameter of the tested cable, an opening is formed in each rigid half hoop and used for being connected with the rigid half hoop in the same group through a bolt, a protrusion is arranged on the inner surface of each rigid half hoop and used for achieving tight connection of the rigid clamp and the tested cable body, and meanwhile, each rigid half hoop further comprises 1 sensor fixing pressing block used for being connected with a temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor and accurately transmitting axial deformation of the surface of the cable on a fixed measuring gauge distance to the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor.
Two ends of the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor are arranged between two symmetrical groups of rigid clamps, the inner diameter of the sensor fixing pressing block is the same as the outer diameter of the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor, and the sensor is fixed through a locking bolt. Two vibrating wire strain sensors with self-temperature compensation are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the stay cable, and measurement interference caused by uneven bending rigidity and local stress of the stay cable is eliminated through mean value processing.
Furthermore, the bulge is of an annular structure, the surface of the bulge is a curved surface, and the curvature of the surface of the bulge is the same as that of the outer surface of the inhaul cable; the height of the protrusion is 2.0-3.0 mm, the width of the protrusion changes from 1.0mm to 3.0mm along the height direction, and the height plus the outer diameter of the inhaul cable is equal to the inner diameter of the rigid clamp.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the contact-type nondestructive installation sensor for the rigid clamp of the stay cable has the advantages that the clamping firmness and the protection measure for the local surface of the stay cable are both considered, and meanwhile, the installation efficiency of equipment is improved; in the design of the clamp, the cooperative deformation among the convex structure reinforcing cable, the clamp and the sensor is introduced, so that the precise control of the measured area is realized, and the measurement accuracy is ensured; measurement interference caused by uneven bending rigidity and local stress of the stay cable is eliminated through mean processing of strain data on the existing stay cable; the measuring method considers the relation between the surface strain of the cable body and the integral strain of the cable body, and provides a calculation method for determining the correlation coefficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the device and method for measuring cable force of a cable according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sensor mounting fixture configuration provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic elevational view of a sensor mounting fixture provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sensor mounting fixture boss configuration provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the relationship between the pull cable and the inner spiral wire provided by the present invention; wherein (a) is a geometrical relationship schematic diagram, and (b) is a stay cable steel wire numbering schematic diagram;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a cable force measurement method provided by the cable of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor; 2. a rigid clamp; 3. a measurement system; 4. a rigid half hoop; 5. a bolt; 6. a sensor fixing pressing block; 7. a protrusion; 8. and installing a positioner.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a contact type nondestructive sensor mounting clamp applied to a stay cable on the basis of a vibrating wire strain sensor, and achieves the purposes of quick mounting of equipment and effective and accurate measurement of the cable force of the stay cable. As shown in fig. 1, the surface strain change due to the cable force change can be measured by using the deformation cooperation between the cable and the clamp, and between the clamp and the sensor, and the cable force of the cable can be further analyzed and calculated by considering the detailed calculation coefficient. The cable force measuring method obtained by the invention can effectively guide the control of the tensioning construction process of the cable structure, and can also implement control on the fatigue damage of the cable during the service period of the structure so as to further judge whether the cable body has potential safety hazard.
The following describes in detail a specific implementation of the present invention.
The measuring equipment provided by the invention is a contact type nondestructive rigid clamp for the stay cable, which can be quickly assembled and disassembled on the stay cable, and can realize the cooperative deformation between the stay cable and the clamp as well as between the clamp and the sensor. The contact type nondestructive inhaul cable rigid clamp consists of 2 groups of 4 semicircular high-strength metal hoops, each rigid semi-hoop is provided with an opening for connecting with the same group of rigid semi-hoops through a high-strength bolt, a bulge is arranged on the inner surface of each rigid semi-hoop for realizing the tight connection of the rigid clamp and a detected cable body, and each rigid semi-hoop also comprises a sensor fixing pressing block for accurately transmitting the axial deformation of the surface of the inhaul cable on a fixed measuring scale distance to a strain sensor; two ends of the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor are arranged in two symmetrical metal hoops, and the sensor is fixed by locking a high-strength bolt. 2 strain sensors are arranged on the existing stay cable, and measurement interference caused by the bending rigidity of the stay cable and uneven local stress is eliminated through mean value processing. The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. design, manufacture and installation of rigid clamp 2 of sensor
1) Rigid fixture 2 design and fabrication for sensor determination
The diameter and the number of the rigid clamps 2 are determined according to the size of the existing guy cable and the number of the arranged measuring points in the engineering. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, each set of sensor clamp is composed of 2 groups of 4 semicircular high-strength metal hoop bands, two rigid hoop bands 4 are connected through bolts 5, and the bolts 5 are high-strength bolts. And a sensor fixing pressing block 6 is arranged on each rigid half hoop 4, so that the tight connection between the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor 1 and the rigid clamp 2 is ensured. The two rigid half hoops 4 which are symmetrical up and down ensure that 2 temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensors 1 are installed on the existing guy cable, and the influence of additional bending moment caused by local bending of a cable body on cable force measurement can be considered. As shown in fig. 4, the inner side of the rigid clamp 2 is provided with a protrusion 7 with an annular structure, the surface curvature of the protrusion is the same as the outer surface curvature of the existing cable, so that the sensor can be ensured to be in close contact with the rigid clamp 2, meanwhile, the width of the top end of the protrusion 7 is 1mm, so that the accurate control of the measured distance is ensured, the height of the protrusion 7 is 2.0-3.0 mm, the width changes from 1.0mm to 3.0mm along the height direction, and the sum of the height and the cable outer diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the rigid clamp 2. In this way, accurate cooperative deformation among the sensor, the rigid clamp 2 and the existing cable is ensured.
2) Determining sensor mounting fixture installation
A pair of rigid clamps 2 are firstly installed and fixed on an existing inhaul cable through two bolts 5, and a pair of rigid half hoops 4 are symmetrically installed by utilizing an installation positioner 8 (the specification of the installation positioner is the same as that of a vibrating wire strain sensor 1 with temperature self-compensation).
2. Method for measuring cable force of inhaul cable
The measuring method provided by the invention is a measuring method considering the relation between the deformation of steel wires of each layer of the stay cable and the overall deformation of the cable, and can realize accurate calculation of the cable force value of the stay cable. And (3) by considering parameters such as the number of steel wire layers of the inhaul cable (provided by an inhaul cable manufacturer), the helical angle of a steel wire helical line, the Poisson ratio of steel materials, the elastic modulus and the like, a recursive calculation formula of a cable force calculation coefficient is provided, a calculation formula of a cable force value of the inhaul cable is further obtained, and conversion from the actually measured inhaul cable surface strain to the cable force value of the inhaul cable is realized. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the surface strain of the inhaul cable is obtained by conversion according to a production calibration formula of the temperature self-compensation vibrating wire strain sensor 1, and a calculation formula (a) is as follows:
ε＝K(f1 2-f0 2)+FT(T1+T2) (a)
in which epsilon is corrected by temperature compensationThe later strain value and the surface strain of the inhaul cable; k is a sensor calculation coefficient; f. of1Is the vibrating wire initial frequency; f. of0The measured frequency of the vibrating wire is used; fTIs a temperature correction coefficient; t is1Is the sensor initial temperature; t is2Measuring the temperature for the sensor;
the actually measured parameters are strain values of the outermost steel wire on the surface of the inhaul cable, on the basis, the calculation coefficient between the strain of the outermost steel wire on the surface and the integral strain is further deduced by combining the geometrical parameters of the inhaul cable, and the deduction process is as follows:
the derivation process uses the following computational assumptions:
1) the relative position of the steel wire inside the cable is kept unchanged in the process of bearing axial force;
2) the angles alpha of the steel wire helical angles of different layers are the same;
based on the geometric spatial relationship of the inner steel wires of the stay cable, considering a double-layer cable model only containing a cable core and the outermost steel wires (as shown in (a) in fig. 5), a calculation formula (b) of the strain and the overall strain of the outermost steel wires on the surface can be derived:
in the formula, epsilonnThe steel wire strain of the outermost layer of the surface of the cable; xi is the integral strain of the cable; r is a turning radius and refers to the distance from the center line of the steel wire of the inhaul cable to the central axis of the inhaul cable; δ r is the variation of the radius of gyration, δ is the differential sign; alpha is a helical angle and refers to an acute angle between a tangent line of a central line of the steel wire of the inhaul cable and a straight generatrix of a cylindrical surface passing through a tangent point;
the formula (b) links the strain of the outer layer steel wire and the overall strain of the cable together through the shrinkage rate of the helix angle and the radius, and further popularizes the double-layer cable model to an n-layer cable model (as shown in (b) in fig. 5), wherein the radius of gyration r of the outermost layer steel wirenCan be represented by formula (c):
in the formula, RnThe diameter of the nth layer of steel wire; r0The center wire diameter.
Deducing the radius shrinkage of the nth layer of cable after considering the Poisson ratio
Is of formula (d):
in the formula, epsilonnAxial strain of the nth layer of steel wire; upsilon is Poisson's ratio;
substituting the formula (b) into the formula (d) to obtain a new relational expression (e):
taking n as 1, we can get:
get
The formula (g) can be substituted by recursion:
in the formula, KnCalculating coefficients for the nth layer, namely calculating coefficients of surface strain of the cable and overall strain of the cable;
thus, the cable force calculation can be expressed as formula (h):
T＝KnEAε (h)
in the formula, T is a cable tension value; e is the modulus of elasticity; a is the cross-sectional area of the stay cable.
3. Data acquisition and transmission
The invention also comprises a measuring system 3, wherein the measuring system 3 can automatically execute data acquisition and transmission tasks, directly calculate the frequency value as a cable force value, draw a cable force change curve and output and display the cable force change curve. In addition, a wireless communication network is adopted to carry out remote data processing and transmission, and monitoring data can be automatically and periodically backed up, so that the safety of the data is ensured.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A surface strain-based cable force measurement method of a stay cable is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) acquiring the initial temperature, the initial frequency, the actually measured frequency and the actually measured temperature of a vibrating wire strain sensor with self-temperature compensation, and calculating a strain value of the inhaul cable after temperature compensation correction to obtain the surface strain of the inhaul cable; the calculation formula is as follows:
ε＝K(f1 2-f0 2)+FT(T1+T2)
wherein epsilon is a strain value after temperature compensation and correction, K is a calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire strain sensor with temperature self-compensation, and f1Is the initial frequency of the vibrating wire, f0For measured frequency of vibrating wire, FTAs temperature correction coefficient, T1Initial temperature, T, of vibrating wire strain sensor for temperature self-compensation2Measuring the temperature for a vibrating wire strain sensor with temperature self-compensation;
(2) calculating the cable force of the inhaul cable based on the geometrical parameters and the mechanical property of the inhaul cable through the surface strain of the inhaul cable obtained in the step (1), and realizing the measurement of the cable force of the inhaul cable; the specific formula is as follows:
T＝KnEAε
wherein T is the calculated cable force value of the cable, n is the number of layers of the cable steel wire, KnCalculating coefficient for the nth layer, namely calculating coefficient of surface strain and integral strain of the cable, KjAnd calculating coefficients for the j layer, wherein E is the elastic modulus of the stay cable, A is the section area of the stay cable, upsilon is Poisson ratio, and alpha is a helical angle which is an acute angle between a tangent line of the center line of the steel wire of the stay cable and a straight generatrix of a cylindrical surface passing through a tangent point.
2. A device for realizing the surface strain-based inhaul cable force measurement method of claim 1, characterized in that the device consists of a temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor (1) and a rigid clamp (2);
the rigid clamp (2) consists of two groups of four semicircular rigid half hoops (4), the design size of the rigid clamp is matched with the surface diameter of a tested inhaul cable, each rigid half hoop (4) is provided with an opening for being connected with the rigid half hoop (4) in the same group through a bolt (5), the inner surface of each rigid half hoop is provided with a bulge (7) for realizing the tight connection of the rigid clamp (2) and a tested inhaul cable body, and each rigid half hoop (4) also comprises 1 sensor fixing pressing block (6) for connecting a temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor (1) and accurately transmitting the axial deformation of the surface of the inhaul cable on a fixed measurement scale distance to the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor (1);
two ends of the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor (1) are arranged between two symmetrical groups of rigid clamps (2), the inner diameter of a sensor fixing pressing block (6) is the same as the outer diameter of the temperature self-compensating vibrating wire strain sensor (1), and the sensor is fixed through a locking bolt (5); two vibrating wire strain sensors (1) with self-temperature compensation are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the stay cable, and measurement interference caused by uneven bending rigidity and local stress of the stay cable is eliminated through mean value processing.
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the protuberance (7) is of annular configuration, the surface being curved, the curvature being the same as that of the outer surface of the cable; the height of the protrusion (7) is 2.0-3.0 mm, the width changes from 1.0mm to 3.0mm along the height direction, and the height plus the outer diameter of the inhaul cable is equal to the inner diameter of the rigid clamp (2).
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| CN202110168663.4A CN112964411B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Surface strain-based cable force measuring method and device for inhaul cable |
| PCT/CN2021/141419 WO2022166463A1 (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-12-26 | Surface strain-based method and apparatus for measuring cable force |
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| CN112964411B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-02-11 | 浙江大学 | Surface strain-based cable force measuring method and device for inhaul cable |
| CN113701941B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-05-12 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0三研究所 | Force-measuring environment-friendly sheath curing and pressurizing device |
| CN115683431B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-08-18 | 湖南大学 | Stay cable force determination method, device and equipment based on linear tracking algorithm |
| CN116659728B (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-09-29 | 安徽恒信宏测电子技术有限公司 | Cable force sensor for stay cable vibration monitoring |
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