CN112962096A - Alloy powder for repairing surface of train axle and application thereof - Google Patents

Alloy powder for repairing surface of train axle and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112962096A
CN112962096A CN202110139711.7A CN202110139711A CN112962096A CN 112962096 A CN112962096 A CN 112962096A CN 202110139711 A CN202110139711 A CN 202110139711A CN 112962096 A CN112962096 A CN 112962096A
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Prior art keywords
alloy powder
repair
axle
content
laser
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CN202110139711.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
祝弘滨
王行涛
折洁
刘昱
李辉
龚明
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CRRC Industry Institute Co Ltd
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CRRC Industry Institute Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cladding materials, in particular to alloy powder for repairing the surface of a train axle, which is iron-based alloy powder and is characterized by comprising Ni element and Cr element, wherein the percentage content of the Cr element is 8-17 wt.%, and the percentage content of the Ni element is 5-13 wt.%; the percentage contents of the Cr element and the Ni element satisfy the following relational expression: xCr>XNi+0.18 and XCr<1.76XNi+2.2. The repair layer formed by the alloy powder for the fusion covering repair of the axle surface provided by the invention is good in formationThe repair layer has the same strength as the axle matrix, and can improve the fatigue resistance of the train axle and prolong the service life of the axle after the train axle is repaired.

Description

Alloy powder for repairing surface of train axle and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cladding materials, and particularly relates to alloy powder for repairing the surface of a train axle and application thereof.
Background
The train axle is used as a key component for bearing the whole weight of a train and connecting a bearing, a wheel and a brake disc, the surface of the train axle is easily slightly scratched and damaged at key positions such as a wheel seat, the bearing, a shaft neck and the like in a service process and a maintenance process, and the service life of the train axle can be shortened if the surface damage is not repaired in time, or even the train axle is scrapped in advance.
The laser cladding technology has the advantages of good combination of a repair layer, low dilution rate of parent metal, small heat affected zone, easy control of cladding layer components and the like, so the laser cladding technology is widely applied to repair of a plurality of important parts in the field of surface engineering, most of materials used in the laser cladding repair at present refer to or use material systems in thermal spraying and surfacing, such as self-melting alloy series such as NiCrBSi, FeCrBSi and the like, if the laser cladding technology is directly applied to axle repair, the repaired surface has high hardness, the repair layer has poor plasticity and toughness, the mechanical property difference with an axle matrix is large, the mismatch of the two properties is inevitably caused, and the final service performance and service life are influenced, for example, the patent CN 110846652A proposes a material component and process parameter in axle repair, the method solves the problem that the hardness difference between the repair layer and the matrix interface is large through a layer-by layer repair mode, and the subsequent heat treatment is adopted to reduce the residual stress of the repair layer, and the whole process is more complex. Patent CN 105132916 a proposes a powder material composition for laser cladding repair of an axle, but the composition mainly takes the structure of a cladding layer as a judgment standard, the residual stress on the surface of a repair layer is high, and the fatigue life of the repaired axle is affected to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of short fatigue life and complex construction of the train axle surface repair material in the prior art, the invention provides the alloy powder for train axle surface repair, which has good fatigue resistance and simple construction method.
The alloy powder is iron-based alloy powder, and contains Ni element and Cr element, wherein the percentage content of the Cr element is 8-17 wt.%, and the percentage content of the Ni element is 5-13 wt.%;
the percentage contents of the Cr element and the Ni element satisfy the following relational expression: xCr>XNi+0.18 and XCr<1.76XNi+2.2。
The iron-based alloy powder disclosed by the invention can be used for effectively repairing a train axle, improving the fatigue resistance of the train axle and prolonging the service life of the axle by adding the Ni element and the Cr element and adjusting the contents of the Ni element and the Cr element within the dosage range.
In the above formula, XCrCan take any data between 8 and 17, XNiAny value between 5 and 13 can be used.
Preferably, the alloy powder contains C element, and the percentage content of the C element is 0.01-0.1%. The carbon content is controlled within the range, the toughness matching of the cladding layer can be adjusted, and the carbon, chromium and nickel alloy elements are in the range of the mixture ratio, so that a certain amount of martensite can be formed in the repair layer after cladding.
Preferably, the alloy powder contains Mn element, Mo element and Si element, the percentage content of Mn element is 0.9-1.1 wt.%, the percentage content of Mo element is 0.15-0.25 wt.%, and the percentage content of Si element is 0.4-0.6 wt.%. The contents of Mn and Mo are approximately equal to those of the parent metal, so that the component segregation of local micro-areas formed in the cladding layer can be avoided; the proportion of silicon and manganese in the elements is ideal, and the deoxidation and the good forming of the cladding layer can be realized.
Preferably, the grain sizes of Fe, Cr or Ni powder in the alloy powder are all 30-120 mu m. The alloy powder in the particle size range has good fluidity, inert gas is easy to transport in the cladding process, and simultaneously, the homogenization of alloy elements in the cladding layer in a molten pool can be ensured, so that the micro segregation caused by insufficient diffusion of the alloy elements is not formed.
The optimized operation mode is that main alloy elements of the material such as Fe, Cr, Ni and the like are smelted and then are atomized under argon atmosphere to prepare powder, and the atomized powder preparation method comprises centrifugal atomization under argon atmosphere, gas atomization, water-gas combined atomization, rotary electrode centrifugal atomization, induction smelting gas atomization and a plasma spheroidization method.
The preferable operation mode is that main alloy elements such as Fe, Cr, Ni and the like are smelted and then are atomized in an argon atmosphere to prepare powder, and the powder atomization powder preparation method comprises centrifugal atomization in the argon atmosphere, gas atomization, water-gas combined atomization, rotary electrode centrifugal atomization, induction smelting gas atomization and a plasma spheroidizing method.
The invention also protects the application of the alloy powder in the surface modification of the train axle.
Specifically, in the application process, the alloy powder is coated on the surface of the area to be repaired of the axle by a laser cladding method.
The alloy powder can obtain an ideal repairing layer only through laser cladding, the residual stress of the repairing layer is reduced without subsequent heating, and the construction process is simple.
Preferably, in the laser cladding process, the laser is Nd, YAG laser, the diameter of a light spot is 2-5mm, the laser power is 1.6-2.0 kW, the scanning speed is 2.5-3.5 mm/s, the powder feeding speed is 10-20g/min, and the dilution rate of the base metal is below 20%.
Preferably, the composition of the alloy powder is 0.009-0.011 wt.% of C, 7-9 wt.% of Cr, 7.0-7.2 wt.% of Ni, 0.9-1.1 wt.% of Mn, 0.4-0.6 wt.% of Si, 0.15-0.25 wt.% of Mo, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, the cladding comprises the following steps:
1) determining a range to be repaired, and removing surface defects through mechanical polishing;
2) laser cladding of the area after removal of surface defects with the alloy powder according to the invention of the claims.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention provides alloy powder for cladding repair of the surface of an axle and a cladding repair technology, wherein a repair layer is good in forming and free of obvious metallurgical defects, and the strength of the repair layer is equivalent to that of an axle substrate.
2) Considering the test of the long-term fatigue load endured in the service process of the axle, the invention reduces the whole stress level of the repaired cladding layer through powder component adjustment and process adjustment, and even can directly generate compressive stress. The axle is repaired by adopting the powder and the process, the mechanical property of the repair layer is equivalent to that of the parent metal, the structure is a mixed structure of low-carbon martensite and austenite, the stress state of the surface layer after the repair is obviously reduced, the annealing treatment is not needed, the axle can be directly used after the mechanical processing, the processing flow of the axle repair can be directly reduced, and the service life of the axle is prolonged.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment relates to alloy powder, which comprises the following specific components:
c content 0.01 wt.%, Cr content 16.6 wt.%, Ni content 9.8 wt.%, Mn content 0.9 wt.%, Si content 0.5 wt.%, Mo content 0.2 wt.%, balance Fe elements.
The alloy powder is aerosol alloy powder with particle size distribution of 63-105 μm.
The embodiment also relates to application of the alloy powder in repairing train axles, which comprises the following steps:
determining a repair area according to the surface micro-defects, wherein the depth to be repaired after polishing is 0.9mm at most, and the technological parameters during cladding repair are as follows: the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, and the powder feeding speed is 15 g/min. After the repair is finished, the cladding layer is well formed and has no obvious defects, the thickness of the cladding layer is 1mm, the dilution rate of the parent metal is 11%, the surface is slightly polished to reach the original size after the repair, the microstructure of the repair layer is a mixed structure of martensite and austenite, and the final performance results are summarized as shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to alloy powder, which comprises the following specific components:
c content 0.01 wt.%, Cr content 8 wt.%, Ni content 7.1 wt.%, Mn content 1 wt.%, Si content 0.5 wt.%, Mo content 0.2 wt.%, balance Fe elements.
The alloy powder is aerosol alloy powder with particle size distribution of 48-105 μm.
The embodiment also relates to application of the alloy powder in repairing train axles, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a repair area according to surface micro defects, wherein the depth to be repaired is 0.85mm at most after polishing, and the technological parameters during cladding repair are as follows: the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, and the powder feeding rate is 18 g/min. After the repair is finished, the cladding layer is well formed and has no obvious defects, the thickness of the cladding layer is 1mm, the dilution rate is 8.3%, the microstructure of the repair layer is a mixed structure of martensite and austenite, the surface is machined and polished to reach the original size after the repair, and finally the performance test results of the cladding layer are summarized in table 1.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to alloy powder, which comprises the following specific components:
c content 0.1 wt.%, Cr content 8 wt.%, Ni content 5 wt.%, Mn content 1.0 wt.%, Si content 0.5 wt.%, Mo content 0.2 wt.%, balance Fe elements.
The alloy powder is aerosol alloy powder with particle size distribution of 48-105 μm.
The embodiment also relates to application of the alloy powder in repairing train axles, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a repair area according to surface micro defects, polishing to-be-repaired to the maximum depth of 1.0mm, and cladding repair process parameters: the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, and the powder feeding speed is 13 g/min. After the repair is finished, the cladding layer is well formed and has no obvious defects, the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.2mm, the dilution rate is 13%, the microstructure of the repair layer is a mixed structure of martensite and austenite, the surface is machined and polished to reach the original size after the repair, and finally the performance test results of the cladding layer are summarized in table 1.
Example 4
The embodiment relates to alloy powder, which comprises the following specific components:
c content 0.05 wt.%, Cr content 10.71 wt.%, Ni content 5 wt.%, Mn content 1.0 wt.%, Si content 0.5 wt.%, Mo content 0.2 wt.%, balance Fe element.
The alloy powder is aerosol alloy powder with particle size distribution of 48-105 μm.
The embodiment also relates to application of the alloy powder in repairing train axles, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a repair area according to surface micro defects, wherein the depth to be repaired is 0.78mm at most after polishing, and the technological parameters during cladding repair are as follows: the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, and the powder feeding rate is 12 g/min. After the repair is finished, the cladding layer is well formed and has no obvious defects, the thickness of the cladding layer is 1mm, the dilution rate is 20%, the microstructure of the repair layer is a mixed structure of martensite and austenite, the surface is machined and polished to reach the original size after the repair, and finally the performance test results of the cladding layer are summarized in table 1.
Example 5
The embodiment relates to alloy powder, which comprises the following specific components:
c content 0.01 wt.%, Cr content 12.18 wt.%, Ni content 12 wt.%, Mn content 0.9 wt.%, Si content 0.5 wt.%, Mo content 0.2 wt.%, balance Fe element.
The alloy powder is aerosol alloy powder with particle size distribution of 48-105 μm.
The embodiment also relates to application of the alloy powder in repairing train axles, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining a repair area according to surface micro defects, wherein the depth to be repaired is 1.1mm at most after polishing, and the technological parameters during cladding repair are as follows: the laser power is 1.8kW, the scanning speed is 3mm/s, and the powder feeding rate is 16 g/min. After the repair is finished, the cladding layer is well formed and has no obvious defects, the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.2mm, the dilution rate is 10.6%, the microstructure of the repair layer is a mixed structure of martensite and austenite, the surface is machined and polished to reach the original size after the repair, and finally the performance test results of the cladding layer are summarized in table 1.
Examples of the experiments
The performance of examples 1-5 was tested and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002928118340000061
Figure BDA0002928118340000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the alloy powder of the invention is used for local repair, a repair layer with low dilution rate is obtained through component and process control, the tensile strength matching of the repair layer and a substrate is good, the maximum longitudinal residual stress is small and is distributed between-126 MPa and +130MPa, most of the repair layer is in a residual compressive stress state, the distribution state of the low stress indicates that the stress distribution of the parent metal is less influenced after repair, the strength of the repair layer is equivalent to or slightly higher than that of the parent metal, the performance nonuniformity between the repair layer and the original substrate is reduced, and the integral structural reliability of the repair layer is improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (8)

1. The alloy powder for repairing the surface of the train axle is an iron-based alloy powder, and is characterized by comprising a Ni element and a Cr element, wherein the percentage content of the Cr element is 8-17 wt.%, and the percentage content of the Ni element is 5-13 wt.%;
the contents of Cr and Ni satisfy the following relations: xCr>XNi+0.18 and XCr<1.76XNi+2.2。
2. The alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the alloy powder comprises C element, and the percentage content of the C element is 0.01-0.1%.
3. The alloy powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alloy powder comprises Mn element, Mo element and Si element, the Mn element is 0.9-1.1 wt.%, the Mo element is 0.15-0.25 wt.%, and the Si element is 0.4-0.6 wt.%.
4. The alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the alloy powder is 30 to 120 μm.
5. The application of the alloy powder in repairing the surface of a train axle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the alloy powder is coated on the surface of an area to be repaired of the axle by a laser cladding method.
6. The application of claim 5, wherein in the laser cladding process, the laser is Nd, YAG laser, the spot diameter is 2-5mm, the laser power is 1.6-2.0 kW, the scanning speed is 2.5-3.5 mm/s, the powder feeding rate is 10-20g/min, and the base material dilution rate is less than 20%.
7. The use according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the metallurgical microstructure of the repair layer formed is a mixed structure of low carbon martensite and austenite.
8. Use according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) determining a range to be repaired, and removing surface defects through mechanical polishing;
2) laser cladding the area after removing the surface defects with the alloy powder of any one of claims 1 to 4.
CN202110139711.7A 2021-02-01 2021-02-01 Alloy powder for repairing surface of train axle and application thereof Pending CN112962096A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117403142A (en) * 2023-10-19 2024-01-16 中铁三局集团有限公司 Material for repairing rail, application thereof and method for repairing rail by using material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117403142A (en) * 2023-10-19 2024-01-16 中铁三局集团有限公司 Material for repairing rail, application thereof and method for repairing rail by using material

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