CN112961390B - Wooden fireproof door and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Wooden fireproof door and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112961390B CN112961390B CN202110260649.7A CN202110260649A CN112961390B CN 112961390 B CN112961390 B CN 112961390B CN 202110260649 A CN202110260649 A CN 202110260649A CN 112961390 B CN112961390 B CN 112961390B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/05—Forming flame retardant coatings or fire resistant coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
- B27K3/12—Impregnating by coating the surface of the wood with an impregnating paste
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/18—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of furniture or of doors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
- E06B3/06—Single frames
- E06B3/08—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials
- E06B3/10—Constructions depending on the use of specified materials of wood
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
- E06B5/161—Profile members therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2397/00—Characterised by the use of lignin-containing materials
- C08J2397/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2463/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/164—Aluminum halide, e.g. aluminium chloride
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K2003/3045—Sulfates
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of fireproof doors, in particular to a wooden fireproof door and a processing method. The wooden fire door comprises a wooden fire-retardant layer and a fire-retardant coating, wherein the wooden fire-retardant layer is prepared by pressing, the raw materials of the wooden fire-retardant layer comprise rock wool, wood fibers, an adhesive, melamine, sepiolite powder, an electrodeless reinforcing material and polylactic acid, the fire-retardant coating is obtained by coating fire-retardant slurry and then drying, and the fire-retardant slurry comprises water-based epoxy resin emulsion, a foaming agent, antimony trioxide, expanded graphite, a surfactant, other auxiliaries and water. Through above-mentioned technical scheme for when this prevent fire door has lower density, have better intensity and stronger fire behavior, be convenient for processing and installation. In addition, the processing method of the wooden fireproof door comprises the steps of preparing polylactic acid-sepiolite granules, pressing the wooden flame-retardant layer, configuring and coating the flame-retardant slurry, drying the flame-retardant slurry, performing ultraviolet treatment to obtain the flame-retardant coating, and grinding and polishing, and the processing is convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of fireproof doors, in particular to a wooden fireproof door and a processing method.
Background
The fire-proof door is an important component in a building, when a fire breaks out inside the building, the fire-proof door needs to bear the effects of isolating space and preventing the fire from spreading, and the fire-proof effect of the fire-proof door plays a crucial role in the fire-proof capacity inside the building.
At present, the fireproof door is generally made by forming a composite structure by metal and inorganic materials, and because the metal and the inorganic materials are both incombustible and part of the inorganic materials have stronger high-temperature resistance, the fireproof door can achieve the flame-retardant effect. However, such fire doors are generally thick and heavy and are inconvenient to install and open and close.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to provide a fire door with high fire resistance and lower density, the application provides a wooden fire door and a processing method.
First aspect, the application provides a wooden fire door that prevents adopts following technical scheme:
a wooden fire door comprises the following structures: the wood flame-retardant coating comprises a wood flame-retardant layer and a flame-retardant coating arranged outside the wood flame-retardant layer; the wood flame-retardant layer is prepared by pressing, and the density of the wood flame-retardant layer is 650-700 kg/m3The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass:
the flame-retardant coating is obtained by coating flame-retardant slurry on a wood flame-retardant layer and then treating and drying the wood flame-retardant layer, wherein the flame-retardant slurry is prepared from the following components in parts by mass:
wooden fire-retardant layer uses wood fiber as the main part, makes through the suppression, and overall density is lower, and is comparatively light, and rock wool and melamine have better thermal-insulated flame retardant efficiency, and sepiolite powder then has more space structure, has better heat-proof quality, and above-mentioned material links together through the adhesion effect of adhesive, can realize better intensity and better flame retardant efficiency, and density is lower, and it is all comparatively convenient to process the installation.
Melamine can melt when heating, forms the membrane state to reduce oxygen in wood fiber contact, and then reduce wood fiber's burning, simultaneously, wood fiber surface has more active group such as hydroxyl, has better adsorptivity to melamine, makes it can not trickle fast, and then leads to fire-retardant effect to descend. In addition, the covering area of melamine is further increased by adding polylactic acid, the melamine can be better covered on the periphery of the wood flame-retardant layer, and meanwhile, the polylactic acid can play a lubricating role, so that various components are uniformly dispersed in the processing process of the wood flame-retardant layer.
The main body of the flame-retardant coating is aqueous epoxy resin emulsion with good viscosity and fluidity, the flame-retardant coating has a good adhesion effect on wood fibers of an organic phase, the good flame-retardant effect can be realized by adding antimony trioxide and expanded graphite, and meanwhile, the antimony trioxide and the expanded graphite are selected and used, so that the overall thickness of the coating is small, the coating is not easy to peel off and fall off after coating, and the overall stability is good.
Therefore, by adopting the technical scheme, the obtained wooden fireproof door has a good flame-retardant effect and low density, and has good practical application value.
Optionally, the adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass:
hydroxypropyl starch: 30-60 parts;
phenolic resin: 120-180 parts.
Hydroxypropyl starch and phenolic resin have good viscosity and compatibility with wood fiber, and can form uniform structure in the mixing and pressing process. In addition, the two are better resistant to high temperature, and can keep better viscosity at high temperature. Meanwhile, the phenolic resin also has good flame retardant property, and the prepared wood flame retardant layer has high strength and good fireproof flame retardant property by adopting a compound system of hydroxypropyl starch and the phenolic resin.
Optionally, the inorganic reinforcing material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
iron-chromium-aluminum alloy fiber: 12-15 parts;
silicon carbide whisker: 3-5 parts.
The iron-chromium-aluminum alloy fiber has certain flexibility, and the silicon carbide whisker has better rigidity. The two are mixed for use, so that the strength of the wood flame-retardant layer can be greatly improved. In addition, the two materials have extremely high melting points, so that the fireproof door can still keep better strength in a high-temperature state and is not easy to damage due to heat wave impact.
Optionally, the diameter of the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy fiber is 30-50 μm, and the length of the silicon carbide whisker is 10-20 μm.
The iron-chromium-aluminum alloy fiber and the silicon carbide whisker in the specification range are selected, so that the strength of the wood flame-retardant layer can be effectively improved in the actual use process, and the wood flame-retardant layer has a good effect.
Optionally, the wood flame-retardant layer further comprises 5-8 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and 3-5 parts by mass of calcium aluminate
Basic aluminum chloride of (1).
The calcium aluminate is easily decomposed when meeting water, so when the flame-retardant slurry is coated on the surface of the wood flame-retardant layer, the flame-retardant slurry permeates into the surface of the wood flame-retardant layer to generate aluminum hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, on one hand, the flame-retardant property of the wood flame-retardant layer is further improved, and on the other hand, the whole flame-retardant layer is alkaline, so that the adhesion effect of the flame-retardant slurry is improved. The aluminum chlorohydrate also provides an alkaline environment, and can be decomposed during heating, and meanwhile, because the aluminum chlorohydrate has a porous structure, compared with aluminum hydroxide and aluminum oxide, the aluminum chlorohydrate helps to promote more uniform mixing of the wood flame-retardant layer and helps the flame-retardant coating to be more firmly adhered to the outside of the wood flame-retardant layer.
Optionally, the polylactic acid and the sepiolite powder are treated in the following manner:
mixing the polylactic acid master batch and the sepiolite powder, and finally obtaining polylactic acid-sepiolite granules through melting, extruding, granulating, cooling and screening.
The sepiolite powder and the polylactic acid are subjected to melt extrusion to obtain polylactic acid-sepiolite granules, so that the fluidity and the distribution uniformity of the sepiolite powder are improved, and the polylactic acid component can be distributed in the wood flame-retardant layer more uniformly. Meanwhile, the porous structure on the surface of the sepiolite powder can adsorb polylactic acid molecules in the process, and the polylactic acid structure can be extended out in the hot pressing process to form a winding and crosslinking structure with wood fibers or an adhesive, so that the sepiolite/polylactic acid composite material is adopted instead of being added respectively, the tightness of the prepared wood flame-retardant layer is improved, and the wood flame-retardant layer is not easy to crack or break in the long-term use process.
Optionally, the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules have a particle size within a range of 100-200 meshes.
The granules in the range of 100-200 meshes are easy to be uniformly mixed with other components, can play a role similar to balls, and can be used as a lubricant in the material mixing process, so that the uniformity of material mixing is further improved, and the damage to the integrity of wood fibers in the mixing process is reduced.
Optionally, in the flame-retardant slurry, the other auxiliary agent includes gypsum which accounts for 2-6% of the mass of the flame-retardant slurry.
According to the technical scheme, on one hand, the gypsum can be used as an auxiliary foaming agent in the slurry preparation process to improve the porosity of the slurry, and meanwhile, partial calcium ions can be introduced into the slurry, and can form a silicon-calcium system similar to concrete with an inorganic silicon material in the wood flame-retardant layer in the whole drying process, so that the adhesion strength of the flame-retardant coating outside the wood flame-retardant layer is further improved.
Optionally, the other auxiliary agents further comprise zirconium dioxide accounting for 6-10% of the mass fraction of the flame-retardant slurry.
The zirconium dioxide has better strength and wear resistance, and after being doped with the zirconium dioxide, the raw gypsum, the expanded graphite and the antimony trioxide in the flame-retardant slurry can be promoted to form a compact fire-resistant film outside the wood flame-retardant layer, so that the flame retardance is further improved, and meanwhile, the firmness of the flame-retardant coating outside the wood flame-retardant layer is improved, so that the flame-retardant coating is not easy to wear.
In addition, this application still provides above-mentioned wooden fire door's processing method, includes following step:
s1, weighing sepiolite powder and polylactic acid according to the mass parts, fully mixing and stirring, heating and melting, extruding, cooling, granulating and screening to obtain polylactic acid-sepiolite granules;
s2, dry-mixing the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules with rock wool, wood fiber and inorganic reinforcing material, fully mixing, adding the adhesive and melamine while stirring, uniformly stirring, and hot-pressing to 650-700 kg/m3Drying to obtain a wood flame-retardant layer for later use;
s3, according to the formula, adding water into the water-based epoxy resin emulsion for dilution, adding a foaming agent, antimony trioxide, expanded graphite, a surfactant and other auxiliaries, and coating the slurry on the wood flame-retardant layer while fully stirring;
s4, quickly drying at 90-100 ℃, and applying certain ultraviolet rays for auxiliary drying to form a flame-retardant coating and obtain a rough door body;
s5, grinding and polishing the rough door body to finish processing;
the thickness of the wood flame-retardant layer is 15-30 mm, and the thickness of the flame-retardant coating after drying is 1.6-2.2 mm.
According to the technical scheme, polylactic acid and sepiolite are combined to prepare polylactic acid-sepiolite granules, and then the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules and other components are pressed together to obtain the wood flame-retardant layer, so that the wood flame-retardant layer is better in uniformity and higher in strength. In step S4, the ultraviolet treatment may open chemical bonds on the outer portion of the wood fiber to form active groups, which couple with a portion of the components in the flame retardant coating to form a firmer bonding relationship, thereby improving the adhesion strength and density of the flame retardant coating on the fire-proof wood door, and further improving the fire-proof effect of the fire-proof wood door.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following advantages:
1. in the application, the wood fire-retardant coating which takes the wood fiber as the theme and the fire-retardant coating which is coated outside the wood fire-retardant coating are combined to obtain the wood fire-retardant door, and the density of the door body is reduced while the fire-retardant effect and the strength of the door body are improved through the rock wool, the melamine, the sepiolite powder and the electrodeless reinforcing material, so that the purposes of fire prevention and light weight are achieved, and the application prospect is wide.
2. In this application further sets up, adopt iron chromium aluminium alloy fibre and carborundum whisker as reinforcing fiber's main component part, had toughness and rigidity concurrently for this prevents that fire door has better intensity.
3. In the further arrangement of the application, the addition of the calcium aluminate and the basic aluminum chloride is helpful for further improving the adhesion strength of the flame-retardant coating outside the wood flame-retardant layer.
4. In the further arrangement of the application, the sepiolite powder and the polylactic acid are combined to form the polylactic acid sepiolite granules, so that the distribution uniformity of materials can be improved, and the strength and the fire resistance of the wood fire retardant are also improved.
5. In this application further sets up, through gypsum and zirconium dioxide, form thin and fine and compact insulating layer in fire-retardant coating, when further improving this wooden fire door's flame retardant efficiency, also improved fire-retardant coating adhesion strength and firm degree outside wooden fire-retardant layer by a wide margin.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the following preparation examples, examples and comparative examples, the sources and types of some materials are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 raw material source specification Table
In the following preparation examples, examples and comparative examples, each part by mass of a material represents 100g of the material.
Preparation example a series is a preparation method of polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets in the present application.
Preparation example a-1, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, prepared by the following method:
weighing 100 parts by mass of polylactic acid and 30 parts by mass of sepiolite powder, uniformly mixing, performing melt extrusion at the temperature of 182 ℃ in a double-screw extruder, granulating by using a cutter, cooling and screening, and retaining particles with the particle size within the range of 100-200 meshes to obtain the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules.
Preparation example a-2, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, prepared by the following method:
weighing 80 parts by mass of polylactic acid and 40 parts by mass of sepiolite powder, uniformly mixing, performing melt extrusion at the temperature of 182 ℃ in a double-screw extruder, granulating by using a cutter, cooling and screening, and retaining particles with the particle size within the range of 100-200 meshes to obtain the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules.
Preparation example a-3, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, prepared by the following method:
weighing 120 parts by mass of polylactic acid and 30 parts by mass of sepiolite powder, uniformly mixing, performing melt extrusion at the temperature of 182 ℃ in a double-screw extruder, granulating by using a cutter, cooling and screening, and retaining particles with the particle size within the range of 100-200 meshes to obtain the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules.
Preparation example a-4, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, prepared by the following method:
weighing 150 parts by mass of polylactic acid and 30 parts by mass of sepiolite powder, uniformly mixing, performing melt extrusion at the temperature of 182 ℃ in a double-screw extruder, granulating by using a cutter, cooling and screening, and retaining particles with the particle size within the range of 100-200 meshes to obtain the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules.
Preparation example a-5, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, prepared by the following method:
weighing 80 parts by mass of polylactic acid and 50 parts by mass of sepiolite powder, uniformly mixing, performing melt extrusion at the temperature of 182 ℃ in a double-screw extruder, granulating by using a cutter, cooling and screening, and retaining particles with the particle size within the range of 100-200 meshes to obtain the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules.
Preparation example A-6, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, differs from preparation example 1 in that the retained sieve particle size range is 200 to 500 mesh.
Preparation example a-7, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets, differs from preparation example 1 in that the retained sieve particle size range is 50 to 100 mesh.
Preparation example B series is the preparation method of the wood flame retardant layer in the application.
Preparation example B-1, a wood flame retardant layer was prepared as follows:
the polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets obtained in preparation example A-1 were dry-blended with rock wool, wood fiber and inorganic reinforcing material in a high-speed mixer, followed by adding an adhesive and melamine while stirring, after stirring well, hot-pressing at 250 ℃ and drying at 85 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain pellets having a thickness of 20mm and a density of 650kg/m3。
Preparation examples B-2 to B-15 are methods for preparing a wood flame-retardant layer, and are different from preparation example B-1 in that the specific amounts of the materials are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 ingredient tables (parts by mass) of the wooden flame retardant layers in preparation examples B-1 to B-15
In preparation examples B-1 to B-15, the length of the Fe-Cr-Al alloy fiber is 1 to 3mm, and the diameter is 30 to 50 μm; the length of the silicon carbide whisker is 10-20 μm, and the diameter is 0.5-1 μm. In addition, in preparation examples B-6 and B-7, polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets were not used, but polylactic acid and sepiolite powder were directly added to the preparation process during the processing.
Preparation example B-16, a wooden flame retardant layer, was different from preparation example B-4 in that it further included 5 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and 3 parts by mass of basic aluminum chloride.
Preparation example B-17, a wooden flame-retardant layer, was different from preparation example B-4 in that it further included 8 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and 5 parts by mass of basic aluminum chloride.
Preparation example B-18, a wooden flame retardant layer, was different from preparation example B-4 in that it further included 5 parts by mass of calcium aluminate.
Preparation example B-19, a wooden flame-retardant layer, was different from preparation example B-4 in that it further included 3 parts by mass of aluminum chlorohydrate.
The preparation examples B-20 to 25 are different from the preparation example B-1 in that the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules in the preparation examples A-2 to A-7 are respectively selected as the wood flame-retardant layer.
Preparation examples B-26 to B-30, the wood flame-retardant layer was different from preparation example B-16 in that the thicknesses of the wood flame-retardant layer were 10mm, 15mm, 25mm, 30mm, and 35mm, respectively.
Preparation examples B-31 to B-33, the wood flame-retardant layers, were different from preparation example B-16 in that the density of the wood flame-retardant layers was 600kg/m, respectively3、700kg/m3、800kg/m3。
Preparation example C series is a preparation method of the flame-retardant slurry.
Preparation example C-1, a flame retardant slurry, was prepared by the following method:
after diluting the aqueous epoxy resin emulsion with water, the foaming agent, antimony trioxide, expanded graphite, surfactant and other auxiliaries are added according to the proportion shown in table 3, and the mixture is fully stirred for standby.
Preparation examples C-2 to C-8 are methods for preparing flame retardant slurries, and are different from preparation example C-1 in that the formulations of the flame retardant slurries are specifically shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 flame retardant slurry compounding ratio of preparation examples C-1 to C-8 (% by mass)
By the above preparation examples, a fire-proof wooden door was processed to obtain the following examples.
Embodiment 1, a wooden fire door adopts the following mode steps to process:
s1, processing the mixture according to the method in the preparation example A-1 to obtain polylactic acid-sepiolite granules;
s2, processing the wood flame-retardant layer according to the method in the preparation example B-1;
s3, coating the flame-retardant slurry in the preparation example C-1 outside a wood flame-retardant layer in a stirring state;
s4, drying the wood flame-retardant layer coated with the flame-retardant slurry at 90 ℃ and passing ultraviolet light (2.5W/m)2) Carrying out auxiliary drying, and treating for 6h to solidify the flame-retardant slurry into a flame-retardant coating and obtain a rough door body, wherein the thickness of the flame-retardant coating is 1.8 mm;
and S5, grinding and polishing the rough door body to finish processing to obtain the wooden fireproof door.
Examples 2 to 10 are different from example 1 in that, in step S2, the flame retardant wood layers of the production examples B-2 to B-10 were used, respectively.
Examples 11 to 28 are different from example 1 in that the wood flame-retardant layers of production examples B-16 to B-33 were used in sequence in step S2, and polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets produced in production examples a-2 to a-7 were used in step S1 in accordance with examples 15 to 20. In examples 6 and 7, step S1 was not included, and in step S2, polylactic acid and sepiolite powder were directly added to the preparation process.
Examples 29 to 33 are fire-resistant wooden doors different from example 11 in that the fire-resistant slurries of preparation examples C-2 to C-6 were used in step S3.
Examples 34 to 38 are fire-resistant wooden doors different from example 32 in that the fire-retardant coating layer has a thickness of 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm, 2.2mm, or 2.4 mm.
Example 39, a fire-proof wooden door, is different from example 32 in that, in step S5, the drying temperature is 100 ℃.
Example 40, a fire-resistant wooden door, differs from example 32 in that no ultraviolet treatment is applied in step S5.
For the above examples, comparative examples were set as follows.
Comparative examples 1 to 5, fire-proof wooden doors, which are different from example 1 in that step S1 is not included, and in step S2, the methods of preparation examples B-11 to B-15 were respectively selected to prepare fire-retardant wooden layers.
Comparative examples 6 to 7, fire-proof wooden doors, were different from example 1 in that the fire-retardant slurries of preparation examples C-7 and C-8 were used in step S3, respectively.
For the wooden flame-retardant door, referring to GB T11718-2009 Density fiberboard, static bending strength, internal bonding strength and water absorption thickness expansion rate of the wooden flame-retardant layer in a re-drying state are measured, and referring to GB T7633-2008 door and roller shutter fire resistance test method, the time for losing the fire resistance and heat insulation performance and the time for losing the fire resistance integrity of the wooden fireproof door are measured.
Meanwhile, an adhesion strength test of the flame-retardant coating is carried out, and the adhesion strength test is carried out by referring to a method in ASTM/D3359 adhesion test (using an adhesive tape), and the method specifically comprises the following steps: after completion of step S5, take 2.54cm on the wooden fire door2And drawing a series of cross lattices, wherein the intervals between the cross lattices are 2.5cm, so as to obtain 100 squares, adhering the squares on the surface of the cross lattices by using a No.600Scotch BrandTM adhesive tape, pressing, quickly tearing the adhesive tape from the surface of the wooden fireproof door at an angle of 90 degrees, and repeating for three times to measure the adhesion strength by using wallpapers of the number of complete squares and the total number of squares on the wooden fireproof door.
The static bending strength, elastic modulus and water absorption expansion rate of the wooden flame retardant layer and the fire resistance integrity of the wooden fire door were measured for examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the results are shown in table 4.
Table 4, fire resistance and mechanical Properties of examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 5
According to the experimental data, the retention time of the fireproof heat insulation performance and the fireproof integrity of the prepared wooden fireproof door is more than 3h, and the basic requirement of the fireproof door can be met. Meanwhile, the strength of the fiber board also meets the strength requirement of the medium-density fiber board, and the fiber board has better mechanical property and fire resistance. In example 4 and example 5, the adhesive is a combination of hydroxypropyl starch and phenolic resin, compared with other examples, so that the viscosity is further improved, and the fire resistance is kept better, so that the mechanical strength of the wooden fire door is improved, and the fire resistance is basically kept unchanged. In embodiments 6 to 7, polylactic acid and sepiolite powder are used to replace polylactic acid-sepiolite aggregates, so that on one hand, polylactic acid is difficult to be uniformly distributed among wood fibers, and simultaneously, winding structures of the wood fibers and the polylactic acid fibers are also reduced, thereby further reducing the mechanical strength of the prepared fireproof wood door, and having adverse effects on static bending strength and internal bonding strength. In embodiments 8 to 10, the reinforcing fibers are adjusted, and the iron-chromium-aluminum alloy fibers and the silicon carbide fibers act together in a certain range, so that the wooden flame-retardant layer has both strength and toughness.
In comparative example 1, key ingredients were absent: rock wool, it is difficult to realize good fire prevention effect by only relying on sepiolite powder and phenolic resin, and the influence on the heat insulation effect is larger. In the comparative example 2, melamine is absent, the melamine has the effects of strength and fire resistance, the crosslinking degree in the system is reduced due to the absence of melamine, and the polylactic acid has the phenomenon of flowing in the combustion process, so that the flame retardant property is greatly reduced. The comparative example 3 lacks the reinforcing fiber, and the strength of the wood flame-retardant layer is greatly reduced due to the lack of the reinforcing fiber due to more organic components. In comparative example 4 and comparative example 5, polylactic acid and sepiolite powder are respectively lacked, and the strength of the wood flame-retardant layer and the fireproof performance of the wood fireproof door are greatly influenced.
Further, in examples 11 to 28, the mechanical properties of the wooden flame retardant layer and the flame retardant effect of the wooden fire door were measured, and the results are shown in table 5.
Table 5, fire resistance and mechanical Properties of examples 11 to 28
In examples 11 to 14, compared to example 4, the mechanical strength of the wood flame retardant layer was further improved and the flame retardant effect of the wood door was also improved by adding calcium aluminate and aluminum chlorohydrate and forming a porous structure and a mesh structure by a calcium-aluminum system. In examples 15 to 20, the ratio of the polylactic acid and the sepiolite powder and the particle size of the obtained polylactic acid-sepiolite pellet were adjusted, and in example 19, the particle size of the polylactic acid-sepiolite pellet was small, the whole pellet was too dense, and the pellet was easily filled in the gaps of the material itself, which decreased the flame retardant effect of the fire-proof wooden door. In example 20, the polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets had a large particle size and low overall lubricity, which, on the one hand, tended to cause uneven distribution of the wood flame-retardant layer and also had a large effect on strength.
In examples 21 to 25, the thickness of the wooden flame retardant layer was adjusted, and the fireproof and flame retardant properties of the wooden fireproof door tended to improve as the thickness increased, but the trend reached 35mm or more in thicknessGradually slow down after the upper part. Similarly, the thickness of the wood-based flame retardant layer was adjusted in examples 26 to 28, and it was also found that the density reached 700kg/m3Then, the improvement of the flame retardant property is slowed down, and finally the proper thickness range of the wood flame retardant layer is determined to be 15-30 mm, and the density is 650-700 kg/m3.
Furthermore, the fire resistance and the adhesion strength of the flame retardant coating were measured for the fire-resistant doors of examples 29 to 40 and comparative examples 6 to 7, and the adhesion strength of the flame retardant coating was measured for examples 11 to 14, and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Performance test Table for flame retardant coatings
The components of the flame-retardant slurry are adjusted in examples 29 to 33 and comparative examples 6 and 7, and the components in the flame-retardant slurry have a great influence on the flame retardant performance of the wooden fireproof door and the adhesive strength of the flame-retardant slurry. In the embodiments 30 to 31, the gypsum is introduced, and the calcium-silicon crosslinking system is introduced, which has a principle similar to that of concrete, but has better dispersibility and closer effect compared with the components such as cement, and in the embodiments 32 to 33, the zirconium dioxide is introduced, so that the flame retardant effect of the flame retardant slurry and the adhesive capacity of the flame retardant coating are further improved.
In examples 34 to 38, the thickness of the flame retardant coating is adjusted, and when the thickness of the flame retardant coating is more than 1.6mm, the flame retardant effect is better, and the flame retardant effect is improved along with the thickness, but because the internal bonding force of the flame retardant coating is not strong, the overall adhesive capacity is reduced due to the excessively large thickness, and the increase upper limit of the flame retardant effect is about 2.2 mm.
In example 40, the strength of the finally obtained flame retardant coating was not high without performing the ultraviolet treatment, and the flame retardant effect was also reduced.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A wooden fire door is characterized by comprising the following structures: the wood flame-retardant coating comprises a wood flame-retardant layer and a flame-retardant coating arranged outside the wood flame-retardant layer; the wood flame-retardant layer is prepared by pressing, the density is 650-700 kg/m3, and the wood flame-retardant layer comprises the following components in parts by mass:
60-100 parts of rock wool;
400-500 parts of wood fiber;
150-240 parts of an adhesive;
40-50 parts of melamine;
30-40 parts of sepiolite powder;
15-20 parts of an inorganic reinforcing material;
80-120 parts of polylactic acid;
the adhesive comprises the following components in parts by mass:
hydroxypropyl starch: 30-60 parts;
phenolic resin: 120-180 parts;
the inorganic reinforcing material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
iron-chromium-aluminum alloy fiber: 12-15 parts;
silicon carbide whisker: 3-5 parts;
the flame-retardant coating is obtained by coating flame-retardant slurry on a wood flame-retardant layer and then treating and drying the wood flame-retardant layer, wherein the flame-retardant slurry is prepared from the following components in parts by mass:
25-30% of water-based epoxy resin emulsion
2-5% of a foaming agent;
15-20% of antimony trioxide;
10-15% of expanded graphite;
1-2% of a surfactant;
other auxiliary agents: 0 to 15 percent;
the balance being water.
2. The fire door as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the fe-cr-al alloy fiber is 30 to 50 μm, and the length of the silicon carbide whisker is 10 to 20 μm.
3. The fire-resistant wood door according to claim 1, wherein the fire-resistant wood layer further comprises 5 to 8 parts by mass of calcium aluminate and 3 to 5 parts by mass of aluminum chlorohydrate.
4. The fire resistant wood door as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polylactic acid and sepiolite powder are treated by:
mixing the polylactic acid master batch and the sepiolite powder, and finally obtaining polylactic acid-sepiolite granules through melting, extruding, granulating, cooling and screening.
5. The fire-proof wooden door as claimed in claim 4, wherein the polylactic acid-sepiolite pellets have a particle size of 100 to 200 mesh.
6. The fire-proof wood door according to claim 1, wherein the flame retardant slurry contains 2-6% of gypsum by mass.
7. The fire-proof wooden door as claimed in claim 6, wherein the other auxiliary agent further comprises zirconium dioxide in an amount of 6-10% by mass of the fire-retardant slurry.
8. The method for processing the fire-proof wooden door as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1, weighing sepiolite powder and polylactic acid according to the mass parts, fully mixing and stirring, heating and melting, extruding, cooling, granulating and screening to obtain polylactic acid-sepiolite granules;
s2, dry-mixing the polylactic acid-sepiolite granules with rock wool, wood fiber and inorganic reinforcing material, fully mixing, adding the adhesive and melamine while stirring, uniformly stirring, and hot-pressing to 650-700 kg/m3Drying to obtain a wood flame-retardant layer for later use;
s3, according to the formula, adding water into the water-based epoxy resin emulsion for dilution, adding a foaming agent, antimony trioxide, expanded graphite, a surfactant and other auxiliaries, and coating the slurry on the wood flame-retardant layer while fully stirring;
s4, quickly drying at 90-100 ℃, and applying certain ultraviolet rays for auxiliary drying to form a flame-retardant coating and obtain a rough door body;
s5, grinding and polishing the rough door body to finish processing;
the thickness of the wood flame-retardant layer is 15-30 mm, and the thickness of the flame-retardant coating after drying is 1.6-2.2 mm.
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Denomination of invention: Wooden fireproof door and its processing method Effective date of registration: 20221111 Granted publication date: 20220215 Pledgee: Zhejiang Fuyang Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Changkou Sub branch Pledgor: Zhejiang Fengcheng door industry Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022980021662 |